277:
officially as representatives of the
International Association. The International Working Men’s Congress was in itself a peace congress, as the union of the working classes of the different countries must ultimately make international wars impossible. If the promoters of the Geneva Peace Congress really understood the question at issue they ought to have joined the International Association.
17:
341:"Whereas the question which presents itself most urgently to us is that of the economic and social equalization of classes and individuals, Congress affirms that, apart from this equalization, that is to say outside the justice, freedom and peace are not achievable. Accordingly, Congress puts on the agenda the study of practical means of resolving this issue."
357:
The Bern
Congress was nearly the last. The central committee, one of whose main tasks was to prepare the next meeting of the League, performed its mission very poorly and it was the Geneva committee which had to take the initiative for the 3rd Congress. On July 11, 1869, the Lausanne congress saw the
276:
While the balloting was going on, Citizen Marx called attention to the Peace
Congress to be held in Geneva. He said: It was desirable that as many delegates as could make it convenient should attend the Peace Congress in their individual capacity; but that it would be injudicious to take part
293:, who was in the chair, stood up, advanced a few steps and embraced him. This solemn meeting of two old and tried warriors of the revolution produced an astonishing impression .... Everyone rose and there was a prolonged and enthusiastic clapping of hands.
114:
at the initiative of Sellon's account, who then founded the "Société de la Paix de Genève". Jean-Jacques de Sellon started from the principle of the inviolability of the human person, which led him first to lead a campaign for the
378:
read a speech which ended with the famous tirade: "children to say to themselves: a uniform is a livery, and any livery is ignominious, that of the priest and that of the soldier, that of the magistrate and that of the lackey."
272:, to attend the Congress. They decided to postpone the opening of the Congress until September 9, so as to enable delegates of the Lausanne Congress of the IWMA (to be held on September 2–8) to take part.
313:
The Bern congress was mainly marked by lively debates during the discussion on "the relationship of the economic and social question with that of peace and freedom", between the democratic majority (
685:
345:
At the end of the discussions this resolution was rejected by the congress. On
September 25, the socialist minority decided to quit the League for Peace and Freedom and to create the
59:
could not be prevented so the league dissolved and refounded as the 'Société française pour l'arbitrage entre nations' (League of arbitration between the
Nations) in the same year.
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also played a prominent role in the Geneva
Conference, and joined the Central Committee. The founding conference was attended by 6,000 people. As Bakunin rose to speak:
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from
September 21 to 25, 1868. Invited to be officially represented there, the International Workingmen's Association (IWA) decided a few days earlier, at its
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362:. He proposed the following discussion program: determining the bases of a federal organization for Europe, the problems of the
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214:(French: Ligue internationale de la paix et de la liberte) was originally planned for September 5, 1867 in
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in relation to the principles of the League. The committee decided to offer the honorary presidency to
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Other notable supporters included contemporary activists, revolutionaries, and intellectuals such as
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196:. On May 30, 1867, Frédéric Passy founded the International League of Peace and Freedom in Paris.
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Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Pacifism in France, 1889-1914: International Peace as a Human Right".
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374:, who officially accepted in a letter of September 5, 1869. It was during this congress that
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127:, then to devote himself to propaganda in favor of peace and arbitration between nations.
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261:. Ten thousand people from across Europe signed petitions in support of the Congress.
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86:. The establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration was also set up by the
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246:
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The year 1867 was marked by strong international tension, after the victory of
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44:
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604:
Les parlementaires de la Seine sous la Troisième République: Etudes, Volume 1
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269:
567:
Brunet, Martine (2011). "L'unité d'une vie". In
Ferdinand Buisson (ed.).
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568:
222:
set up the League's
Organising Committee, which enlisted the support of
35:) was created after a public opinion campaign against a war between the
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486:
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The second congress of the League of Peace and
Freedom took place in
268:(IWMA), inviting the sections of the IWMA and its leaders, including
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139:
111:
573:. Collection Libres pensées protestante. Théolib. p. 119-170.
478:
608:
154:
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Bakunin's idea of revolution & revolutionary organisation
399:. The Society of Arbitration between Nations prefigured the
337:, etc.). The Socialists presented the following resolution:
106:. Several people from various countries meet between the
188:, led a campaign against this war, as did, for example,
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from August 22 to 24, 1849. Next came the congresses in
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The first "Society of Peace" was created in 1830 by
391:of 1870, then was re-founded under the name of the
130:The first European Peace Congress, convened by the
611:: Publications de la Sorbonne. 2001. p. 455.
64:Société française pour l'arbitrage entre nations
339:
289:the cry passed from mouth to mouth: "Bakunin!"
686:International arbitration courts and tribunals
397:French Society for Arbitration between Nations
358:election of a new central committee headed by
264:They also counted on the participation of the
506:. St. Martin's Press: New York, 2006. p. 178.
347:International Alliance of Socialist Democracy
317:, Friborg, etc.) and the socialist minority (
8:
441:"Gustave Moynier et les sociétés de la Paix"
90:that Frédéric Passy founded together with
681:Peace organisations based in Switzerland
445:International Committee of the Red Cross
645:Gustave Moynier and the peace societies
431:
51:was peacefully resolved in 1867 by the
696:International Workingmen's Association
651:, no 314, p. 532–550 (31-10-1996)
266:International Workingmen's Association
180:and Prussia were on the verge of war.
649:International Review of the Red Cross
7:
192:, director of the Nantes newspaper
666:1867 establishments in Switzerland
405:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
393:French Society of Friends of Peace
310:, not to send a delegation there.
66:can be seen as a precursor of the
14:
691:Organizations established in 1867
439:Durand, André (30 October 1996).
161:in 1850, then in London in 1851.
20:Bakunin's membership card of the
387:The league disappeared with the
74:in 1899, and a precursor of the
29:Ligue internationale de la paix
421:List of anti-war organizations
401:Permanent Court of Arbitration
210:The Inaugural Congress of the
68:Permanent Court of Arbitration
1:
519:Bakunin: The Creative Passion
504:Bakunin: The Creative Passion
407:. It published the magazine
353:The Lausanne Congress (1869)
82:in 1919 and followed by the
551:Workers Solidarity Movement
212:League of Peace and Freedom
206:Congress of Peace in Geneva
33:League of Peace and Freedom
22:League of Peace and Freedom
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570:Souvenirs et autres Ă©crits
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149:in 1848 then – chaired by
467:French Historical Studies
200:Inaugural Congress (1867)
134:on the initiative of the
88:Inter-Parliamentary Union
70:, founded with the first
555:Red and Black Revolution
409:United States of Europe
145:A congress was held in
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136:American Peace Society
104:Jean-Jacques de Sellon
72:Hague Peace Conference
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92:William Randal Cremer
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526:. pp. 200–202.
516:Leier, Mark (2006).
298:Bern Congress (1868)
194:Le Phare de la Loire
132:London Peace Society
80:Treaty of Versailles
37:Second French Empire
524:Seven Stories Press
395:, which became the
389:Franco-Prussian war
174:Austro-Prussian War
78:, founded with the
57:Franco-Prussian War
557:No.6, Winter 2002.
323:Walery Mroczkowski
243:Giuseppe Garibaldi
230:, and his brother
41:Kingdom of Prussia
25:
580:978-2-36500-150-2
533:978-1-58322-894-4
376:Ferdinand Buisson
308:Brussels Congress
159:Frankfurt am Main
76:League of Nations
49:Luxembourg crisis
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364:Eastern question
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224:John Stuart Mill
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55:but in 1870 the
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315:Gustave Chaudey
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281:The anarchist
204:Main article:
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182:Frédéric Passy
108:Allaman Castle
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84:United Nations
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403:created by
383:Dissolution
372:Victor Hugo
360:Jules Barni
255:Jules Favre
247:Louis Blanc
239:Victor Hugo
232:Élie Reclus
151:Victor Hugo
660:Categories
618:2859444327
589:1017608270
500:Mark Leier
427:References
45:Luxembourg
671:Karl Marx
627:718619156
291:Garibaldi
270:Karl Marx
142:in 1843.
138:, met in
117:abolition
94:in 1889.
415:See also
366:and the
186:Le Temps
147:Brussels
123:and the
39:and the
172:in the
170:Austria
166:Prussia
121:slavery
98:History
647:. In:
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487:286462
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450:10 May
257:, and
216:Geneva
178:France
140:London
112:Geneva
47:. The
609:Paris
483:JSTOR
168:over
155:Paris
153:– in
43:over
623:OCLC
613:ISBN
585:OCLC
575:ISBN
528:ISBN
452:2021
304:Bern
110:and
62:The
27:The
553:in
475:doi
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119:of
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31:(
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