1191:
1305:
1939:. After spending between 18 and 24 months in prison, they were subsequently released on 8 October 1978 on the condition they resign their commissions and abstain from all political and military activity thereafter. Their political role at an end, both the LAA and VLAA were disbanded (the Syrian officers that had deserted to the LAA the previous year were arrested and shot), with their officers and enlisted men being simply returned without receiving any punishment or sanction to the First Brigade, which was re-incorporated into the official
1085:
410:
459:
470:
108:
1317:
685:
567:
437:
577:
447:
1076:(PLO) commanders took over the municipal government of the city, proclaimed the "People's Republic of Tyre", occupied the Lebanese Army's Adloun and Benoit Barakat Barracks, set up roadblocks and started collecting customs at the port. However, the joint PLO-LAA "People's Republic of Tyre" government quickly lost the political support of the local population, mostly due to their "arbitrary and often brutal behavior".
544:
427:
491:
556:
391:
600:
589:
1950:, several ex-LAA officers were officially discharged from the Lebanese Army, notably Majors Ahmad Ma'amari and Ahmad Boutari, Lieutenants Ahmed Al-Khatib, Mouin Hatoum and Omar Abdallah, and 2nd Lieutenant Bassam al-Idilbi. Like their colleagues of the AFL, they were never put on trial by a military court on charges of desertion and treason, gradually fading into obscurity afterwards.
170:
27:
511:
1923:– its numbers dwindled to a few hundred by the end of the year, as many of Khatib's soldiers deserted after realizing that they had been played and used by the PLO. Chiefly among them was Maj. Ahmad Ma'amari, who had defected earlier in June with his troops of the LAA northern command and went over to the Syrians. Several Druze soldiers also left the LAA to join the
68:
524:
256:
1930:
Increasingly military weakened and politically marginalized, the LAA suffered a final, shattering blow on 18 January 1977 when Syrian authorities invited the entire LAA leadership – Khatib, Ghotaymi, Manssour, Hamdan, and Addam – to a meeting with
President
700:, whilst the Cedar tree represented Lebanon, and the trunk of the tree featured "Lebanon" written in Arabic Calligraphy. In the scroll at the bottom was depicted a quote in Arabic that translates as "My Arabism will prevail."
1840:
However, the new VLAA failed to attract a sizeable following and it was largely ineffective, since its 400 soldiers abstained from involving themselves in any of the major battles fought at the time in Beirut and
774:– and within a month, Lt. Khatib had rallied to his cause some 2,000-3,000 soldiers from the First Brigade, well-equipped with heavy weapons (including tanks and artillery). They became the core of the new
934:
At the zenith of its power on March 1976, the LAA controlled three-quarters of all army barracks and posts in
Lebanon, comprising the Elias Abou Sleiman Barracks at Ablah, the Sheikh Abdullah Barracks at
899:, the LAA numbered at its peak some 4,400 uniformed regulars (though other sources list a total of just 2,000). The confessional identity of the soldiers was mostly Muslim, consisting of
2014:
3999:
963:. At West Beirut, LAA troops controlled the Emil Helou Barracks, the Emir Bachir Barracks, the Emir Fakhreddine Barracks and the Henri Chihab Barracks, plus the
4169:, Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Headquarters, Department of the Army (DA Pam 550–24), Washington D.C., December 1987 (Third edition 1989). –
1190:
964:
4438:
707:
was often hastily painted or sprayed by LAA troops on the hull and turret of their armoured cars and tanks, and on the body of their transport vehicles.
817:(LAF) against their predominantly Christian leadership. The reality, however, was more complex. In fact, the mutiny had been secretly orchestrated by
1999:
927:. This total later included a small number of Syrian military officers sympathetic to the cause of the LNM-PLO alliance, who had defected from Syrian
2284:
2628:
742:, and urged his fellow Muslims to desert. The mutiny quickly spread to other Army barracks and garrisons on the southern part of the Beqaa and the
4443:
1450:
4116:
1661:
Amid intense shelling, the LAA under Maj. Ahmed
Boutari launched on 25 March a two-pronged combined ground assault with the LNM militias on the
2044:
1650:' units using armored vehicles lent by the LAA and supported by the leftist-Muslim militias finally managed to dislodge the Christian-rightist
3934:
4332:
4297:
4243:
4197:
4183:
4160:
4106:
4012:
3995:
3902:
3851:
3837:
2004:
1924:
1736:
419:
4129:
4055:
1837:
in the hope of attracting both Muslim and
Christian officers and enlisted men to act as a counterweight to the Palestinian-supported LAA.
129:
4433:
1352:
40:
4384:
4370:
4351:
4318:
4271:
4230:
3980:
3804:
1845:. The only relevant actions carried out by the understrength Syrian-sponsored VLAA were the deployment of its soldiers to the town of
1402:
4143:
4092:
4075:
3947:
3926:
3882:
3868:
3823:
1567:. Lt. Khatib later claimed that his LAA faction controlled over 80 percent of Lebanon's territory and was just 10 km away from
1521:
1446:
1438:
1414:
1179:
1073:
779:
451:
231:
213:
151:
54:
1332:
By using the assets of the First
Brigade, the LAA built a powerful armoured corps totaling 40 armored vehicles, including fourteen
180:
4115:, American University of Beirut, Institute of Financial Economics, Lecture and Working Paper Series (2003 No.3), pp. 1–53. –
1576:
1061:
1084:
4170:
3791:
696:
at the centre, holding a scroll on its claws below, which portrayed the
Militant group's ideology. The eagle itself symbolised
2024:
1903:, however, marked the beginning of the end for his LAA faction. Although the LAA did put a stiff resistance – notably at the
1900:
1364:
1178:(ISF) reserves, with small-arms and vehicles taken directly from Army barracks and ISF police stations or channelled via the
1493:
841:
as a potential military threat to the PLO, a threat neutralized by the formation of the LAA. Moreover, Lt. Khatib was a pro-
4428:
1935:
in
Damascus. However, upon crossing the border to Syria, they were immediately detained and secretly held in the infamous
1920:
1635:
1368:
505:
440:
1088:
Lieutenant Ahmad al-Khatib (right) and Major Ahmad Ma'amari (left) with five of their soldiers in the background, c.1976.
4016:
2009:
1747:'s (AFL) units during an unsuccessful attempt to raid the AFL Headquarters at the Shukri Ghanem Barracks complex in the
1045:
1039:
341:
4024:, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11–79, June 1979.
1304:
3534:
1489:
876:
415:
195:
122:
116:
1759:
868:
724:
403:
1994:
1833:, it was formally established as the VLAA on 3 June 1976 by Maj. Ibrahim Chahine, and was created and sponsored by
1670:
1548:
1517:
1375:
1235:
908:
728:
395:
293:
191:
1702:
581:
692:
Upon its creation on
January 1976, the LAA adopted as emblem a badge featuring an eagle with folded wings and a
133:
1979:
1763:
1740:
1651:
1175:
747:
560:
495:
399:
1674:
1643:
1316:
531:
518:
500:
82:
46:
1616:
On 15 March, the LAA units stationed in Beirut, the Beqaa, and northern
Lebanon announced their support to
4031:, Steelmasters Magazine No. 113, August–September 2012, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–16.
1946:
In June that year, however, upon the insistence of the then
Lebanese Defense and Foreign Affairs Minister
1123:
996:
912:
845:
3797:
Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban: Du coup d'état de Béchir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens
1984:
1940:
1904:
1888:
1803:
1632:
1594:
1556:
1282:
988:
900:
838:
814:
813:
On the surface, Khatib's rebellion seemed a spontaneous act that reflected Muslim discontent within the
669:
604:
3919:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3771:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3719:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3654:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3628:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3602:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3481:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3442:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3390:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3351:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
3286:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2492:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2479:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2440:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2401:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2336:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2260:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2208:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
2169:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
1393:
A fleet of liaison and transport vehicles were also employed for logistical support, which included US
872:
4275:
3988:
Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond
3790:, area handbook series, Headquarters, Department of the Army (DA Pam 550–24), Washington D.C. 1989. –
2608:
Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond
1974:
1969:
1964:
1861:, followed in August that year by the deployment of some of its elements around the southern town of
1744:
1631:
later that month, the LAA provided armored and artillery support to the LNM-PLO joint forces and the
1628:
1590:
1529:
1286:
928:
735:
548:
463:
269:
4413:
1508:(mounted on M113 APCs) were also employed in both the air defense and direct fire supporting roles.
4206:, Trucks & Tracks Magazine No. 5, December 2007–January 2008, Caraktère, Marseille, pp. 48–67.
3856:
1881:
1823:
1620:
1458:
1410:
684:
1989:
1873:
1858:
1827:
1693:. Eventually, the LAA armored columns coming from their barracks at Sidon, the Beqaa Valley, and
1655:
1572:
1462:
1341:
1153:
849:
842:
834:
787:
673:
615:
576:
446:
370:
365:
4211:
4036:
3961:
1868:
For most of the time, VLAA personnel were either confined to barracks or guarded the adjoining
1018:
and radical secularist in orientation, the LAA received financial and material assistance from
4380:
4366:
4347:
4328:
4314:
4305:
4293:
4267:
4239:
4226:
4207:
4193:
4179:
4176:
Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978
4156:
4139:
4125:
4102:
4088:
4079:
4071:
4051:
4032:
4008:
3991:
3976:
3957:
3956:, Steelmasters Magazine No. 69, June–July 2005, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 18–22.
3943:
3922:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3864:
3847:
3833:
3819:
3800:
3208:
Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978
2857:
Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978
2779:
Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978
2052:
1748:
1690:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1552:
1541:
1537:
1466:
1442:
1418:
1337:
1309:
1243:
916:
716:
474:
272:, Ahmed Boutari, Ahmad Ma'amari, Hussein Awwad, Ghazi Ghotaymi, Youssif Mansour, Ahmad Addam,
3906:
1798:, were a short-lived splinter faction of the LAA that began to be formed in February 1976 at
1718:
4408:
4253:
2507:(2001), pp. 36-39; 115-118; 126-127; 131-135; 211; 255; 458-461; 550-551; 580-581; 608; 617.
1916:
1733:
1564:
1560:
1406:
1289:
1266:
1251:
1247:
1069:
952:
920:
904:
864:
665:
566:
358:
1484:
Their artillery corps fielded a number of artillery pieces of several types, comprising US
436:
4402:
4355:
4336:
4301:
4215:
4040:
3965:
3930:
3808:
3550:
3538:
1877:
1819:
1795:
1666:
1360:
1333:
1231:
1223:
1049:
972:
940:
803:
661:
4147:
821:, the main Palestinian faction and had well-defined objectives. Fatah leaders – notably
1853:, on 8 May 1976, in order to provide security to the newly elected President of Lebanon
81:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
2019:
1959:
1932:
1912:
1908:
1869:
1830:
1767:
1639:
1606:
1579:
1525:
1321:
1242:
machine guns being employed as platoon and company weapons. Officers and NCOs received
1159:
1117:
992:
924:
880:
860:
807:
783:
536:
527:
484:
431:
346:
330:
326:
273:
2794:, Steelmasters Magazine, June–July 2005, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 18-22.
255:
4422:
4059:
1947:
1936:
1842:
1726:
1662:
1485:
1470:
1171:
1065:
960:
822:
755:
704:
693:
2633:
1854:
1850:
1815:
1807:
1598:
1586:
1533:
1394:
1278:
1135:
1129:
1105:
1099:
984:
896:
720:
322:
307:
1698:
727:(a.k.a. the 'First Brigade') refused to fight against their coreligionists of the
570:
4379:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
1524:(PLO) guerrilla factions, the LAA battled the Christian-rightist militias of the
778:, formally established on 31 January, who promptly went to the side of the LNM –
4063:
1884:
1752:
1678:
1497:
1473:
1383:
1356:
1239:
1203:
1015:
968:
795:
697:
593:
354:
318:
4153:
Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual
3000:
Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual
1194:
Major Ahmad Ma'amari with LAA soldiers armed with AK-47 assault rifles, c.1976.
1677:
militiamen loyal to President Frangieh, although he decamped to the safety of
1505:
1430:
1422:
1387:
1372:
1349:
1325:
1293:
1274:
1147:
1141:
1111:
1093:
980:
743:
732:
334:
2629:"Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah"
2056:
738:, a Tank officer who originally commanded a 40 men-strong armored company in
3786:
Afaf Sabeh McGowan, John Roberts, As'ad Abu Khalil, and Robert Scott Mason,
1454:
1270:
1207:
857:
830:
791:
759:
514:
510:
350:
4257:
3531:
1710:
1044:
The LAA was also involved in January 1976 in the founding of the so-called
67:
4178:, Middle East@War No. 21, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2019.
1328:
parked in front of the Lebanese Arab radio station in west Beirut, c.1976.
947:, the Hanna Ghostine Barracks at Aramayn, the Saïd el-Khateeb Barracks at
4250:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2883:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2130:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1862:
1647:
1434:
1008:
826:
767:
1589:
Ahmad Ma'amari clashed with the 200 men-strong, predominately Christian
1551:', Lt. Khatib and his rebellious soldiers managed to seize parts of the
1846:
1811:
1714:
1694:
1682:
1602:
1568:
1501:
1426:
1398:
1255:
948:
944:
936:
892:
799:
751:
739:
555:
523:
390:
303:
4136:
Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present
3897:, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition).
4409:
Lebanese Arab Army M113 APCs with ZU-23-2 and Zastava M55 autocannons
4238:, Publitec Publications & De Gruyter Saur, Beirut / Munich 2007.
1783:
1722:
1706:
1345:
1219:
1199:
1000:
641:
599:
4099:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981
1876:
where concentrated (with exception of the helicopters, stationed at
198:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4398:
4344:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
4252:, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021.
4022:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975-1978
1834:
1799:
1686:
1379:
1263:
1259:
1211:
1189:
1027:
1019:
956:
853:
818:
771:
763:
683:
588:
458:
3532:
Dossier: Jamil Al Sayyed - 2000 Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
1250:. Grenade launchers and portable anti-tank weapons consisted of
3990:, Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd., Australia, August 2015.
1461:) in the direct fire support role on LAA operations, armed with
1023:
1004:
715:
On 21 January 1976 at the Elias Abou Sleiman Barracks in Ablah,
469:
4005:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3732:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3589:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3507:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3468:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3429:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3377:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
3299:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
2453:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
2388:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
2375:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
2273:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
2156:
The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society
1227:
1215:
163:
101:
61:
20:
1547:
Between January–March 1976, during the episode known as the '
951:, the Bahjat Ghanem Barracks and Youssef Halayel Barracks at
2285:
René Chamussy – Chronique d'une guerre, le Liban (1975-1977)
3912:
The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s
3758:
The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s
3563:
The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s
2297:
The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s
1646:. On 21 March, a major assault by special Palestinian PLO '
4124:, Vanguard series 19, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1981.
3221:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3195:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3156:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3143:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3117:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3078:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3065:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3052:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3039:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3026:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2987:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2961:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2950:, Trucks & Tracks Magazine (2007–2008), pp. 62–63; 65.
2870:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2844:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2805:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2766:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2714:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2117:
Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon
1911:
between 13 and 17 October 1976, where they and their PLO,
856:, and was himself ideologically aligned with the Lebanese
2045:"Battered and Divided Army Mirrors Lebanese Civil Crisis"
1269:, whilst crew-served and indirect fire weapons comprised
987:. Outside the Lebanese Capital, they also controlled the
2015:
Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)
1638:
militia during their all-out offensive against rightist
1386:
in 1976. Artillery units relied on military trucks and
3667:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3551:
http://forum.tayyar.org/f8/b-jamil-al-sayyed-info-3123/
3520:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3494:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3312:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3247:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3234:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3182:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
3169:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2896:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2818:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2740:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2727:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2688:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2675:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2662:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
2558:(2007), pp. 49; 84; 88; 196; 391-392; 398-399; 416-417.
2182:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas
187:
4399:
Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990
4327:, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993.
1132:
Hussein Awwad (LAA artillery corps' commander), Shiite
1108:
Ahmad Ma'amari (Northern Lebanon LAA commander), Sunni
3973:
Syrian Intervention in Lebanon: The 1975-76 Civil War
1806:
officers whom openly defied Lt. Khatib's leadership,
1072:. With the active support of their LAA allies, local
4377:
Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
1758:
Besides engaging in combat operations alongside the
1294:
DKB Grad-P 122 mm Light portable rocket systems
1170:
The LAA was equipped largely from stocks drawn from
4070:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
4007:, State University of New York Press, Albany 2009.
794:which promoted a political program centered on the
611:
480:
384:
376:
364:
340:
314:
299:
289:
279:
265:
246:
4029:La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978
3693:La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978
3130:La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978
2831:La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978
2753:La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975–1978
2104:La Guerre Civile Libanaise – 1re partie: 1975–1978
1826:. Headquartered at Rayak, close to the namesake
931:(ADF) units stationed in Lebanon after June 1976.
4020:Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price,
1120:Bassam al-Idilbi (LAA Chief of Operations), Sunni
4290:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
1919:PLF allies inflicted heavy losses on the Syrian
1732:On late March–early April 1976, the LAA and the
1585:On 5 March 1976 a LAA unit under the command of
1415:Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne light pickup trucks
959:, and the Adloun and Benoit Barakat Barracks at
723:, 900 Lebanese Muslim soldiers serving with the
4204:T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues
3875:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon 1967-1976
2948:T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues
2219:McGowan, Roberts, Abu Khalil, and Scott Mason,
1096:Ahmad al-Khatib (LAA commander-in-chief), Sunni
782:(PLO) alliance fighting the Christian-rightist
4223:Sovereignty and Leadership in Lebanon, 1943–76
2531:Sovereignty and Leadership in Lebanon, 1943–76
1697:were stopped and blocked by the Syrian-backed
8:
3830:The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt
2909:The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt
2429:(2003), p. 44, Table 1: War Period Militias.
1766:, the LAA was also involved in training the
1363:. Infantry units were provided with tracked
1279:120-PM-38 (M-1938) 120 mm heavy mortars
1114:Amine Kassem (Baalbek LAA commander), Shiite
965:Lebanese Army High Center for Military Sport
4311:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
1792:Avant-gardes du Armée du Liban Arabe (AALA)
1064:formed that same month at the port city of
731:(LNM) and mutinied under the leadership of
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4365:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980.
4048:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
3986:N.R. Jenzen-Jones & Damien Spleeters,
3832:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1984.
2106:, Steelmasters Magazine (2012), pp. 10-11.
2093:, Steelmasters Magazine (2005), pp. 18–22.
1780:Vanguards of the Lebanese Arab Army – VLAA
1575:, an enclave created by the predominately
790:, and on 3 February the LAA published its
703:The motto "Lebanese Arab Army" written in
243:
4190:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
2935:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
2000:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
1872:, where most of the flying assets of the
1623:'s failed coup attempt against President
1512:The LAA in the Lebanese Civil War 1976-77
1234:were used as squad weapons, with heavier
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
4346:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
4138:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003.
4085:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
4050:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
3975:, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986.
3952:Miguel "Mig" Jimenez & Jorge Lopez,
3091:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
3013:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2974:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2922:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2790:Miguel "Mig" Jimenez & Jorge Lopez,
2701:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2078:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
1901:June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon
1532:(AFL) at Beirut, but also fought at the
1486:M101A1 105 mm towed field howitzers
1315:
1303:
1083:
260:Flag of the Lebanese Arab Army (1976-77)
115:This article includes a list of general
4155:, Haynes Publishing UK, Somerset 2019.
2035:
1774:The Vanguards of the Lebanese Arab Army
1516:Closely allied with the Muslim-leftist
1390:to tow their field guns and howitzers.
674:1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War
4248:Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine,
4122:Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78
4266:, Simon and Schuster, New York 1985.
3745:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
3706:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
3416:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
3364:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
3132:, Steelmasters Magazine (2012), p. 9.
2595:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
2582:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
2414:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
2349:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
2323:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
2195:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
2143:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon
1669:, where they fought the hard-pressed
7:
3846:(2nd ed.), Grange Books, Kent 2002.
3818:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.
3549:Jamil al Sayyed Info - 6 April 2005
1788:Talaei al-Jayish al-Arabi al-Lubnani
1494:Mle 1950 BF-50 155 mm howitzers
1324:militiamen gather around a captured
672:that came to play a key role in the
4192:, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2010.
3940:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
3863:, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
3104:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1943:order-of-battle in February 1977.
1053:
644:: جيش لبنان العربي transliteration
4439:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
4111:Samir Makdisi and Richard Sadaka,
3914:, Conflict Quarterly, Winter 1985.
2005:People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
1571:, the unofficial 'Capital' of the
1382:APCs were later captured from the
1334:Sherman Firefly Mk Vc medium tanks
1308:LAA soldiers on top of a captured
1034:Illegal activities and controversy
955:, the Mohamed Zogheib Barracks at
121:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4174:Tom Cooper & Sergio Santana,
4113:The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990
4101:, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012.
3680:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars
3338:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
3273:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
2427:The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990
2362:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
1522:Palestine Liberation Organization
1504:23mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft
1490:2A18 (D-30) 122 mm howitzers
1074:Palestine Liberation Organization
780:Palestine Liberation Organization
452:Palestine Liberation Organization
36:This article has multiple issues.
3942:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
3665:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3518:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3492:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3310:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3245:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3232:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3180:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
3167:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2894:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2816:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2738:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2725:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2686:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2673:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2660:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
2180:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price,
1786:: طلائع الجيش العربي اللبناني |
1559:, and the northern port city of
1500:20mm triple-barreled and Soviet
1411:Jeep Gladiator J20 pickup trucks
598:
587:
575:
565:
554:
542:
522:
509:
489:
468:
457:
445:
435:
425:
408:
389:
254:
168:
106:
66:
25:
4414:Pre-1975 Lebanese Army vehicles
4292:, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2005.
4188:Tony Badran (Barry Rubin ed.),
4068:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
2518:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
2505:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
2184:(1979), Appendix B, B-16, B-17.
1593:(LLA) dissident faction of the
1300:Armoured and transport vehicles
1198:LAA infantry units were issued
648:), also known variously as the
44:or discuss these issues on the
4325:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
4262:Ze'ev Schiff and Ehud Ya'ari,
4236:Who's Who in Lebanon 2007–2008
3895:The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985
3844:20th Century Military Uniforms
3236:(1979), appendix A, table A-6.
2742:(1979), appendix A, table A-6.
2729:(1979), appendix A, table A-6.
2649:20th Century Military Uniforms
2606:Jenzen-Jones & Spleeters,
2556:Who's Who in Lebanon 2007–2008
2025:2nd Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
1857:sworn-in ceremony held at the
1397:(or its civilian version, the
1275:M30 4.2 inch (106.7mm) mortars
404:Arab Socialist Union (Lebanon)
1:
4225:, Ithaca Press, London 1985.
4087:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
3861:Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92
2119:(2012), pp. 38-39; 49-51; 53.
1451:M35A2 2½-ton 6x6 cargo trucks
506:Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)
4313:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
3877:, I.B. Tauris, London 2000.
3799:, Albin Michel, Paris 2004.
2627:Scarlata, Paul (July 2009).
2043:Kifner, John (24 May 1981).
1760:Arab Socialist Union militia
1421:light pickups, plus heavier
285:January 1976 – February 1977
3921:, Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012.
2089:"Mig" Jimenez & Lopez,
1899:Khatib's opposition to the
1658:, in the Hotels district.
1627:, and in the course of the
1447:GMC C7500 heavy-duty trucks
1376:armoured personnel carriers
971:, the Military Beach Club (
877:Progressive Socialist Party
848:dissident supported by the
688:Emblem of the LAA (1976-78)
416:Progressive Socialist Party
194:the claims made and adding
79:about the group's ideology.
4460:
4434:Lebanese National Movement
1995:Lebanese National Movement
1671:Republican Guard battalion
1518:Lebanese National Movement
1439:Chevrolet C-50 medium-duty
1267:anti-tank rocket launchers
1058:Jumhūriyya Ṣūr al-Ša'biyya
1037:
887:Structure and organization
837:– had always regarded the
746:– including the strategic
729:Lebanese National Movement
658:Armée arabe du Liban (AAL)
650:Arab Army of Lebanon (AAL)
396:Lebanese National Movement
294:Lebanese National Movement
4444:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
3314:(1979), Appendix B, B-16.
3249:(1979), Appendix B, B-16.
2533:(1985), pp. 90; 179; 222.
2010:People's Republic of Tyre
1925:Popular Liberation Forces
1764:Lebanese Arab Gendarmerie
1739:(PLF) militia fought the
1737:Popular Liberation Forces
1703:Palestine Liberation Army
1563:, all areas with a clear
1453:. They were also used as
1046:People's Republic of Tyre
1040:People's Republic of Tyre
621:
582:Palestine Liberation Army
420:Popular Liberation Forces
400:Lebanese Arab Gendarmerie
253:
247:Lebanese Arab Army (LAA)
4167:Lebanon: a country study
3788:Lebanon: a country study
2466:Lebanon: a country study
2234:Lebanon: a country study
2221:Lebanon: a country study
1980:Internal Security Forces
1741:Internal Security Forces
1652:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
1591:Lebanese Liberation Army
1320:LAA soldiers and allied
1236:Browning M1919A4 .30 Cal
1176:Internal Security Forces
786:militias on the ongoing
776:Lebanese Arab Army (LAA)
668:splinter faction of the
638:Lebanese Arab Army – LAA
561:Internal Security Forces
496:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
2881:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
2571:(1985), pp. 79-80; 139.
2546:(1985), pp. 79-80; 139.
2128:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1895:Decline and disbandment
1818:Fahim al-Hajj, Captain
1642:militias' positions in
1582:militias in late 1976.
1536:, and the districts of
1520:(LNM) militias and the
1388:M5A1 artillery tractors
1361:Staghound armoured cars
1156:Youssif Mansour, Shiite
1138:Ibrahim Chahine, Shiite
532:Guardians of the Cedars
501:Tyous Team of Commandos
366:Political position
136:more precise citations.
4363:The Lebanese Civil War
4165:Thomas Collelo (ed.),
3971:Naomi Joy Weinberger,
3910:Joseph A. Kechichian,
3206:Cooper & Santana,
2855:Cooper & Santana,
2777:Cooper & Santana,
2768:(2012), pp. 38-39; 50.
1937:Mezzeh Military Prison
1443:Dodge F600 medium-duty
1423:Saviem SM8 TRM4000 4x4
1329:
1313:
1232:RPD light machine guns
1195:
1126:Ghazi Ghotaymi, Shiite
1089:
1080:List of LAA commanders
997:Masnaa Border Crossing
689:
664:, was a predominantly
646:Jayish Lubnan al-Arabi
77:is missing information
1985:Lebanese Armed Forces
1921:3rd Armoured Division
1882:Dassault Mirage IIIEL
1717:in the Beqaa, and at
1557:south Lebanon regions
1419:Land-Rover Mk IIA-III
1395:Willys M38A1 MD jeeps
1319:
1307:
1271:M2 60 mm mortars
1240:Browning M2HB .50 Cal
1193:
1166:Weapons and equipment
1144:Mou'in Hatoum, Shiite
1087:
815:Lebanese Armed Forces
687:
605:Israel Defense Forces
4429:Arab militant groups
4264:Israel's Lebanon War
3954:M41 Bulldog au Liban
3814:Antoine J. Abraham,
3641:Civil War in Lebanon
3615:Civil War in Lebanon
3537:20 July 2009 at the
3403:Civil War in Lebanon
3325:Civil War in Lebanon
3301:(2009), pp. 100-101.
3260:Civil War in Lebanon
2792:M41 Bulldog au Liban
2569:Israel's Lebanon War
2544:Israel's Lebanon War
2520:(2001), pp. 115-118.
2425:Makdisi and Sadaka,
2247:Civil War in Lebanon
2091:M41 Bulldog au Liban
1975:Battle of the Hotels
1970:Army of Free Lebanon
1965:Arab Deterrent Force
1745:Army of Free Lebanon
1629:Battle of the Hotels
1530:Army of Free Lebanon
1342:M41A3 Walker Bulldog
1150:Omar Abdallah, Sunni
1102:Ahmed Boutari, Sunni
929:Arab Deterrent Force
869:Arab Socialist Union
725:1st Armoured Brigade
549:Army of Free Lebanon
4375:William W. Harris,
3938:Moustafa El-Assad,
3576:The war for Lebanon
2872:(2012), pp. 51; 53.
2567:Schiff and Ya'ari,
2542:Schiff and Ya'ari,
2494:(2012), pp. 24; 29.
2310:The war for Lebanon
1814:) Ibrahim Chahine,
1663:Presidential Palace
1549:War of the Barracks
1427:Berliet GBC 8KT 6x6
1054:جمهورية صور الشعبية
694:Lebanese Cedar tree
315:Active regions
16:Arab militant group
4309:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
4134:Steven J. Zaloga,
4120:Steven J. Zaloga,
3905:, 0-8014-9313-7 –
3828:Beate Hamizrachi,
3773:(2012), pp. 40-41.
3669:(1979), pp. 27-30.
3496:(1979), pp. 20-23.
3405:(1998), pp. 46-47.
3392:(2012), pp. 28-29.
2989:(2012), pp. 49-50.
2937:(2010), pp. 50-52.
2911:(1984), pp. 55-89.
2820:(1979), pp. 22-23.
2610:(2015), pp. 20-21.
2442:(2012), pp. 23-24.
2338:(2012), pp. 22-23.
2262:(2012), pp. 29-30.
2249:(1998), pp. 44-45.
2080:(2003), pp. 6; 23.
2049:The New York Times
1990:Lebanese Civil War
1905:Battle of Bhamdoun
1874:Lebanese Air Force
1859:Chtaura Park Hotel
1828:Lebanese Air Force
1577:Maronite Christian
1463:heavy machine guns
1330:
1314:
1216:AKM assault rifles
1196:
1154:Lieutenant colonel
1090:
999:, situated on the
995:and the strategic
850:Rejectionist Front
835:Ali Hassan Salameh
788:Lebanese Civil War
690:
654:Arab Lebanese Army
616:Lebanese Civil War
281:Dates of operation
179:possibly contains
4333:978-2-13-045801-2
4298:978-2-213-61521-9
4244:978-3-598-07734-0
4198:978-0-230-62306-4
4184:978-1-915070-21-0
4161:978-1-78521-194-2
4107:978-9953-0-2372-4
4013:978-0-7914-9345-8
3996:978-0-9924624-6-8
3929:, 1291036601 (in
3903:978-0-8014-9313-3
3891:Itamar Rabinovich
3852:978-1-84013-476-6
3838:978-0-275-92854-4
3795:Alain Menargues,
3158:(2012), pp. 52-53
1802:Barracks by four
1691:Keserwan District
1625:Suleiman Frangieh
1618:Brigadier general
1467:recoilless rifles
1407:Kaiser M715 jeeps
1312:, 1 January 1978.
1290:recoilless rifles
1287:M40A1 106 mm
1248:MAB PA-15 pistols
1062:autonomous Canton
1060:), a short-lived
891:Headquartered at
873:Abd al-Rahim Mrad
634:
633:
242:
241:
234:
224:
223:
216:
181:original research
162:
161:
154:
100:
99:
59:
4451:
4202:Ludovic Fortin,
3917:Joseph Hokayem,
3873:Farid El-Kazen,
3857:Edgar O'Ballance
3774:
3767:
3761:
3754:
3748:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3715:
3709:
3702:
3696:
3689:
3683:
3676:
3670:
3663:
3657:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3631:
3624:
3618:
3611:
3605:
3598:
3592:
3585:
3579:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3529:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3451:
3445:
3438:
3432:
3425:
3419:
3412:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3354:
3347:
3341:
3334:
3328:
3321:
3315:
3308:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3224:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3198:
3191:
3185:
3178:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2970:
2964:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2879:
2873:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2814:
2808:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2624:
2611:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2501:
2495:
2488:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2449:
2443:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2391:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2040:
1889:Kleyate Air Base
1713:near Baabda, at
1611:Northern Lebanon
1597:at the towns of
1542:southern Lebanon
1433:lorries, Soviet
1338:Charioteer tanks
1252:RL-83 Blindicide
1070:Southern Lebanon
1055:
991:in the northern
989:Kleyate Air Base
905:Southern Lebanon
895:Barracks in the
879:(PSP) headed by
865:Ibrahim Kulaylat
863:movement led by
625:Preceded by
612:Battles and wars
603:
602:
592:
591:
580:
579:
569:
559:
558:
547:
546:
545:
526:
513:
494:
493:
492:
473:
472:
462:
461:
450:
449:
439:
430:
429:
428:
413:
412:
411:
394:
393:
359:Arab nationalism
282:
258:
249:جيش لبنان العربي
244:
237:
230:
219:
212:
208:
205:
199:
196:inline citations
172:
171:
164:
157:
150:
146:
143:
137:
132:this article by
123:inline citations
110:
109:
102:
95:
92:
86:
70:
62:
51:
29:
28:
21:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4419:
4418:
4395:
4390:
4387:, 1-55876-115-2
4288:Denise Ammoun,
4284:
4282:Further reading
4279:
4221:Wade R. Goria,
4151:Simon Dunstan,
3816:The Lebanon war
3782:
3777:
3768:
3764:
3755:
3751:
3747:(2000), p. 334.
3742:
3738:
3734:(2009), p. 104.
3729:
3725:
3716:
3712:
3708:(2000), p. 334.
3703:
3699:
3690:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3664:
3660:
3651:
3647:
3638:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3595:
3591:(2009), p. 104.
3586:
3582:
3573:
3569:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3539:Wayback Machine
3530:
3526:
3517:
3513:
3509:(2009), p. 115.
3504:
3500:
3491:
3487:
3478:
3474:
3470:(2009), p. 101.
3465:
3461:
3455:The Lebanon war
3452:
3448:
3439:
3435:
3431:(2009), p. 101.
3426:
3422:
3418:(2000), p. 333.
3413:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3383:
3379:(2009), p. 103.
3374:
3370:
3366:(2000), p. 333.
3361:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3331:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3305:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3257:
3253:
3244:
3240:
3231:
3227:
3218:
3214:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3188:
3179:
3175:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3136:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3110:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3084:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3032:
3023:
3019:
3010:
3006:
3002:(2019), p. 154.
2997:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2919:
2915:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2889:
2885:(2021), p. 215.
2880:
2876:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2798:
2789:
2785:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2707:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2651:(2002), p. 174.
2646:
2642:
2626:
2625:
2614:
2605:
2601:
2597:(2000), p. 333.
2592:
2588:
2584:(2000), p. 333.
2579:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2498:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2472:
2468:(1989), p. 242.
2463:
2459:
2455:(2009), p. 104.
2450:
2446:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2416:(2000), p. 333.
2411:
2407:
2398:
2394:
2390:(2009), p. 101.
2385:
2381:
2377:(2009), p. 100.
2372:
2368:
2359:
2355:
2351:(2000), p. 334.
2346:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2325:(2000), p. 334.
2320:
2316:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2275:(2009), p. 104.
2270:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2236:(1989), p. 239.
2231:
2227:
2223:(1989), p. 242.
2218:
2214:
2205:
2201:
2197:(2000), p. 333.
2192:
2188:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2158:(2009), p. 100.
2153:
2149:
2145:(2000), p. 333.
2140:
2136:
2132:(2021), p. 215.
2127:
2123:
2114:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2033:
1956:
1927:(PLF) militia.
1897:
1878:Beirut Air Base
1820:Jamil Al Sayyed
1776:
1701:guerrillas and
1685:, and later to
1654:(KRF) from the
1565:Muslim majority
1514:
1482:
1310:Charioteer tank
1302:
1292:, and one-shot
1283:B-10 82 mm
1188:
1168:
1082:
1042:
1036:
941:Rashaya Citadel
889:
804:Democratization
748:Beaufort Castle
736:Ahmed Al-Khatib
713:
682:
630:
629:
627:
597:
596:
586:
585:
574:
573:
564:
553:
552:
543:
541:
540:
535:
530:
521:
517:
508:
504:
499:
490:
488:
487:
467:
466:
456:
455:
444:
443:
434:
426:
424:
423:
409:
407:
406:
402:
398:
388:
357:
353:
349:
280:
270:Ahmed Al-Khatib
261:
248:
238:
227:
226:
225:
220:
209:
203:
200:
185:
173:
169:
158:
147:
141:
138:
128:Please help to
127:
111:
107:
96:
90:
87:
80:
71:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4457:
4455:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4394:
4393:External links
4391:
4389:
4388:
4385:978-1558761155
4373:
4371:978-0030397011
4359:
4352:978-2865374991
4342:Samir Kassir,
4340:
4321:
4319:978-0745332741
4307:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:978-0671602161
4260:
4246:
4233:
4231:978-0863720314
4219:
4200:
4186:
4172:
4163:
4149:
4132:
4118:
4109:
4097:Samer Kassis,
4095:
4083:Samer Kassis,
4081:
4061:
4044:
4027:Philipe Naud,
4025:
4018:
4001:
3984:
3981:978-0195040104
3969:
3950:
3936:
3915:
3908:
3888:
3871:
3854:
3840:
3826:
3812:
3805:978-2226121271
3793:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3762:
3760:(1985), p. 21.
3749:
3736:
3723:
3721:(2012), p. 32.
3710:
3697:
3684:
3671:
3658:
3656:(2012), p. 30.
3645:
3643:(1998), p. 58.
3632:
3630:(2012), p. 30.
3619:
3617:(1998), p. 53.
3606:
3604:(2012), p. 32.
3593:
3580:
3578:(1989), p. 72.
3567:
3565:(1985), p. 20.
3554:
3542:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3483:(2012), p. 30.
3472:
3459:
3457:(1996), p. 40.
3446:
3444:(2012), p. 30.
3433:
3420:
3407:
3394:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3353:(2012), p. 23.
3342:
3340:(2004), p. 37.
3329:
3327:(1998), p. 45.
3316:
3303:
3290:
3288:(2012), p. 23.
3277:
3275:(2004), p. 37.
3264:
3262:(1998), p. 45.
3251:
3238:
3225:
3223:(2012), p. 53.
3212:
3210:(2019), p. 61.
3199:
3197:(2012), p. 52.
3186:
3184:(1979), p. 22.
3173:
3171:(1979), p. 22.
3160:
3147:
3145:(2012), p. 29.
3134:
3121:
3119:(2012), p. 52.
3108:
3106:(2008), p. 19.
3095:
3082:
3080:(2012), p. 53.
3069:
3067:(2012), p. 51.
3056:
3054:(2012), p. 53.
3043:
3041:(2012), p. 51.
3030:
3028:(2012), p. 66.
3017:
3015:(2003), p. 72.
3004:
2991:
2978:
2976:(2003), p. 23.
2965:
2963:(2012), p. 50.
2952:
2939:
2926:
2924:(2003), p. 23.
2913:
2900:
2898:(1979), p. 22.
2887:
2874:
2861:
2859:(2019), p. 76.
2848:
2846:(2012), p. 49.
2835:
2822:
2809:
2807:(2012), p. 50.
2796:
2783:
2781:(2019), p. 35.
2770:
2757:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2716:(2012), p. 51.
2705:
2703:(2003), p. 21.
2692:
2690:(1979), p. 22.
2679:
2677:(1979), p. 22.
2666:
2664:(1979), p. 22.
2653:
2640:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2560:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2496:
2483:
2481:(2012), p. 24.
2470:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2403:(2012), p. 23.
2392:
2379:
2366:
2364:(2004), p. 31.
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2312:(1989), p. 72.
2301:
2299:(1985), p. 20.
2288:
2277:
2264:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2212:
2210:(2012), p. 30.
2199:
2186:
2173:
2171:(2012), p. 22.
2160:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2020:Zahliote Group
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Al-Mourabitoun
1955:
1952:
1933:Hafez al-Assad
1913:Al-Mourabitoun
1909:Chouf District
1896:
1893:
1870:Rayak Air Base
1775:
1772:
1768:Al-Mourabitoun
1675:Marada Brigade
1644:central Beirut
1640:Lebanese Front
1607:Akkar District
1580:Lebanese Front
1526:Lebanese Front
1513:
1510:
1481:
1478:
1373:Panhard M3 VTT
1369:M59 amphibious
1357:Panhard AML-90
1326:Panhard M3 VTT
1322:Al-Mourabitoun
1301:
1298:
1187:
1184:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1160:Mustafa Hamdan
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1118:2nd Lieutenant
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1081:
1078:
1038:Main article:
1035:
1032:
993:Akkar District
977:Bain Militaire
909:Baalbek-Hermel
888:
885:
881:Kamal Jumblatt
861:Al-Mourabitoun
808:secularization
784:Lebanese Front
717:Zahlé District
712:
709:
681:
678:
632:
631:
623:
622:
619:
618:
613:
609:
608:
537:Zahliote Group
528:Tigers Militia
519:Marada Brigade
485:Lebanese Front
482:
478:
477:
432:Al-Mourabitoun
386:
382:
381:
378:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
347:Secularization
344:
338:
337:
331:Akkar District
327:Chouf District
316:
312:
311:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
283:
277:
276:
274:Mustafa Hamdan
267:
263:
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4400:
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4364:
4361:Marius Deeb,
4360:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4323:Jean Sarkis,
4322:
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4308:
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4258:8435568306073
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4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:962-361-613-9
4141:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4130:0 85045 388 7
4127:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:9953-0-0705-5
4090:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:0-19-280130-9
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:0 86187 123 5
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:9789953012568
3945:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3927:9781291036602
3924:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:0-674-08105-6
3880:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3869:0-333-72975-7
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3842:Chris McNab,
3841:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:0-275-95389-0
3821:
3817:
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3727:
3724:
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3707:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3682:(2003), p. 7.
3681:
3675:
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3668:
3662:
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3649:
3646:
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3636:
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3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3522:(1979), p. 6.
3521:
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3499:
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3489:
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3099:
3096:
3093:(2003), p. 6.
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2118:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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1981:
1978:
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1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
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1953:
1951:
1949:
1948:Fouad Boutros
1944:
1942:
1941:Lebanese Army
1938:
1934:
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1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
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1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:Mount Lebanon
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:main Air Base
1829:
1825:
1824:Mahmoud Matar
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:Lebanese Army
1801:
1797:
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1727:Aley District
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1636:Amal Movement
1634:
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1626:
1622:
1621:Aziz El-Ahdab
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:Lebanese Army
1592:
1588:
1583:
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1578:
1574:
1570:
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1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:, and French
1491:
1487:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:anti-aircraft
1468:
1464:
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1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
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1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:light tanks,
1347:
1343:
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1335:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1299:
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1295:
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1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:CETME Model C
1201:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:Lebanese Army
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
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1116:
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1017:
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986:
982:
978:
974:
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966:
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958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:Sunni Muslims
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
871:(ASU) led by
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
839:Lebanese Army
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:Yasser Arafat
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
708:
706:
705:Arabic script
701:
699:
695:
686:
679:
677:
675:
671:
670:Lebanese Army
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
626:
620:
617:
614:
610:
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601:
595:
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583:
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516:
512:
507:
502:
497:
486:
483:
479:
476:
471:
465:
460:
453:
448:
442:
441:Amal Movement
438:
433:
421:
417:
405:
401:
397:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
369:
367:
363:
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264:
257:
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236:
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218:
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177:This article
175:
166:
165:
156:
153:
145:
135:
131:
125:
124:
118:
113:
104:
103:
94:
84:
78:
75:This article
73:
69:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
4376:
4362:
4343:
4324:
4310:
4289:
4263:
4249:
4235:
4222:
4203:
4189:
4175:
4166:
4152:
4135:
4121:
4112:
4098:
4084:
4067:
4047:
4046:Rex Brynen,
4028:
4021:
4004:
4003:Oren Barak,
3987:
3983:, 0195040104
3972:
3953:
3939:
3918:
3911:
3894:
3874:
3860:
3843:
3829:
3815:
3796:
3787:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3756:Kechichian,
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3695:, pp. 11-13.
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3639:O'Ballance,
3635:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3613:O'Ballance,
3609:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3574:Rabinovich,
3570:
3562:
3561:Kechichian,
3557:
3545:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3501:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3410:
3402:
3401:O'Ballance,
3397:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3324:
3323:O'Ballance,
3319:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3293:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3258:O'Ballance,
3254:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2907:Hamizrachi,
2903:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2634:Shotgun News
2632:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2499:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2460:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2361:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2309:
2308:Rabinovich,
2304:
2296:
2295:Kechichian,
2291:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2245:O'Ballance,
2241:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2048:
2038:
1945:
1929:
1898:
1885:fighter jets
1867:
1855:Elias Sarkis
1851:Beqaa Valley
1839:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1757:
1751:district of
1731:
1660:
1615:
1599:Al-Qoubaiyat
1584:
1546:
1534:Beqaa Valley
1515:
1483:
1435:KrAZ 255 6x6
1403:M151A1 jeeps
1392:
1371:and wheeled
1350:M42A1 Duster
1331:
1197:
1169:
1057:
1043:
1013:
985:Grand Serail
976:
933:
901:Shia Muslims
897:Beqaa Valley
890:
846:Sunni Muslim
812:
775:
721:Beqaa Valley
714:
702:
691:
657:
653:
649:
645:
637:
635:
624:
323:Beqaa Valley
308:Beqaa Valley
300:Headquarters
228:
210:
201:
178:
148:
139:
120:
88:
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
4064:Robert Fisk
3336:Menargues,
3271:Menargues,
2360:Menargues,
1753:East Beirut
1679:Zouk Mikael
1656:Holiday Inn
1573:Marounistan
1506:autocannons
1498:Zastava M55
1496:. Yugoslav
1474:autocannons
1384:Syrian Army
1344:and twenty
1016:Pan-Arabist
969:Haret Hreik
843:Palestinian
698:Pan-Arabism
594:Syrian Army
355:Pan-Arabism
319:West Beirut
134:introducing
4423:Categories
3780:References
3743:El-Kazen,
3704:El-Kazen,
3414:El-Kazen,
3362:El-Kazen,
3102:El-Assad,
2593:El-Kazen,
2580:El-Kazen,
2412:El-Kazen,
2347:El-Kazen,
2321:El-Kazen,
2193:El-Kazen,
2141:El-Kazen,
1887:, kept at
1880:, and the
1743:(ISF) and
1705:troops at
1459:technicals
1455:gun trucks
1431:Bedford RL
1429:, British
1417:, British
1367:, sixteen
1186:Small-arms
1148:Lieutenant
1142:Lieutenant
1112:Lieutenant
1094:Lieutenant
1011:highway.
981:Ras Beirut
744:Jabal Amel
733:Lieutenant
335:Jabal Amel
188:improve it
117:references
41:improve it
4212:1957-4193
4037:1962-4654
3962:1962-4654
3769:Hokayem,
3717:Hokayem,
3652:Hokayem,
3626:Hokayem,
3600:Hokayem,
3479:Hokayem,
3453:Abraham,
3440:Hokayem,
3388:Hokayem,
3349:Hokayem,
3284:Hokayem,
2998:Dunstan,
2490:Hokayem,
2477:Hokayem,
2464:Collelo,
2438:Hokayem,
2399:Hokayem,
2334:Hokayem,
2258:Hokayem,
2232:Collelo,
2206:Hokayem,
2167:Hokayem,
2062:3 January
2057:0362-4331
1770:militia.
1699:As-Sa'iqa
1488:, Soviet
1480:Artillery
1399:Jeep CJ-5
923:from the
915:from the
858:Nasserist
831:Abu Jihad
792:Manifesto
760:Marjayoun
719:, in the
571:As-Sa'iqa
515:Al-Tanzim
481:Opponents
380:4,400 men
371:Left-wing
351:Socialism
204:July 2013
192:verifying
142:July 2013
91:July 2015
83:talk page
47:talk page
3678:Zaloga,
3535:Archived
3219:Kassis,
3193:Kassis,
3154:Kassis,
3141:Kassis,
3115:Kassis,
3089:Kassis,
3076:Kassis,
3063:Kassis,
3050:Kassis,
3037:Kassis,
3024:Kassis,
3011:Kassis,
2985:Kassis,
2972:Kassis,
2959:Kassis,
2946:Fortin,
2933:Badran,
2920:Kassis,
2868:Kassis,
2842:Kassis,
2833:, p. 11.
2803:Kassis,
2764:Kassis,
2755:, p. 10.
2712:Kassis,
2699:Kassis,
2115:Kassis,
2076:Kassis,
1954:See also
1863:Nabatieh
1810:(later,
1762:and the
1749:Fayadieh
1648:Commando
1538:northern
1528:and the
1465:(HMGs),
1457:(a.k.a.
1378:; a few
1009:Damascus
983:and the
875:and the
827:Abu Iyad
768:Nabatieh
342:Ideology
290:Group(s)
3730:Barak,
3587:Barak,
3505:Barak,
3466:Barak,
3427:Barak,
3375:Barak,
3297:Barak,
2647:McNab,
2529:Goria,
2451:Barak,
2386:Barak,
2373:Barak,
2271:Barak,
2154:Barak,
1907:in the
1847:Chtaura
1812:Colonel
1725:in the
1719:Mdeidej
1715:Chtaura
1695:Hammana
1689:in the
1683:Jounieh
1681:, near
1633:Shi'ite
1605:in the
1603:Andaket
1569:Jounieh
1561:Tripoli
1502:ZU-23-2
1449:and US
1256:M72 LAW
1124:Captain
953:Tripoli
949:Hammana
945:Rashaya
937:Baalbek
893:Hasbaya
800:Lebanon
796:Arabism
756:Aramoun
752:Rashaya
740:Rashaya
711:Origins
628:900 men
304:Hasbaya
266:Leaders
186:Please
130:improve
4403:French
4383:
4369:
4356:French
4350:
4337:French
4331:
4317:
4302:French
4296:
4270:
4256:
4242:
4229:
4216:French
4210:
4196:
4182:
4159:
4142:
4128:
4105:
4091:
4074:
4054:
4041:French
4035:
4011:
3994:
3979:
3966:French
3960:
3946:
3931:French
3925:
3901:
3881:
3867:
3850:
3836:
3822:
3809:French
3803:
3691:Naud,
3128:Naud,
2829:Naud,
2751:Naud,
2516:Fisk,
2503:Fisk,
2102:Naud,
2055:
1822:, and
1796:French
1784:Arabic
1723:Soufar
1711:Ouza'i
1707:Khalde
1667:Baabda
1469:, and
1401:), US
1355:, and
1353:SPAAGs
1346:AMX-13
1244:FN P35
1220:FN MAG
1200:FN FAL
1050:Arabic
1014:Being
1001:Beirut
973:French
939:, the
921:Druzes
919:, and
867:, the
680:Emblem
666:Muslim
662:French
642:Arabic
385:Allies
119:, but
2031:Notes
1917:Druze
1835:Syria
1816:Major
1808:Major
1800:Rayak
1790:) or
1734:Druze
1687:Kfour
1587:Major
1553:Beqaa
1413:, US
1409:, US
1405:, US
1380:BMP-1
1264:RPG-7
1260:RPG-2
1212:AK-47
1208:M16A1
1136:Major
1130:Major
1106:Major
1100:Major
1028:Libya
1020:Fatah
979:) in
957:Sidon
925:Chouf
917:North
903:from
854:Libya
819:Fatah
772:Sidon
764:Khiam
607:(IDF)
584:(PLA)
563:(ISF)
551:(AFL)
534:(GoC)
503:(TTC)
498:(KRF)
464:Libya
454:(PLO)
422:(PLF)
4401:(in
4381:ISBN
4367:ISBN
4354:(in
4348:ISBN
4335:(in
4329:ISBN
4315:ISBN
4304:) –
4300:(in
4294:ISBN
4268:ISBN
4240:ISBN
4227:ISBN
4214:(in
4208:ISSN
4194:ISBN
4180:ISBN
4157:ISBN
4140:ISBN
4126:ISBN
4103:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4072:ISBN
4052:ISBN
4039:(in
4033:ISSN
4009:ISBN
3992:ISBN
3977:ISBN
3964:(in
3958:ISSN
3944:ISBN
3933:) –
3923:ISBN
3899:ISBN
3879:ISBN
3865:ISBN
3848:ISBN
3834:ISBN
3820:ISBN
3807:(in
3801:ISBN
2064:2024
2053:ISSN
1915:and
1778:The
1721:and
1709:and
1673:and
1601:and
1555:and
1540:and
1365:M113
1359:and
1285:and
1277:and
1262:and
1246:and
1238:and
1230:and
1214:and
1174:and
1066:Tyre
1026:and
1024:Iraq
1005:Aley
961:Tyre
907:and
852:and
833:and
806:and
770:and
652:and
636:The
539:(ZG)
475:Iraq
377:Size
4254:EAN
1891:).
1794:in
1665:at
1609:of
1228:RPK
1224:M60
1180:PLO
1068:in
1056:|
967:in
943:at
798:of
660:in
656:or
190:by
4425::
4274:–
4146:–
4078:–
4066:,
4058:–
4015:–
3998:–
3893:,
3885:–
3859:,
2631:.
2615:^
2051:.
2047:.
1865:.
1849:,
1755:.
1729:.
1613:.
1544:.
1476:.
1445:,
1441:,
1437:,
1425:,
1340:,
1336:,
1296:.
1281:,
1273:,
1258:,
1254:,
1226:,
1222:,
1218:;
1210:,
1206:,
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1182:.
1052::
1030:.
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975::
911:,
883:.
829:,
825:,
810:.
802:,
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758:,
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676:.
414:/
333:,
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325:,
321:,
50:.
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4218:)
4043:)
3968:)
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2637:.
2066:.
1782:(
1048:(
1007:-
1003:-
640:(
418:/
310:)
306:(
235:)
229:(
217:)
211:(
206:)
202:(
184:.
155:)
149:(
144:)
140:(
126:.
93:)
89:(
85:.
57:)
53:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
