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719:. When other groups were being banned or disbanded due to political conflict during the 1930s, the extreme nationalist ideology became connected with National Socialism. The German Life Reform League broke apart into political factions during this time. The Nationalist physician Artur Fedor Fuchs began the League for Free Body Culture (FKK), giving public lectures on the healing powers of the sun in the "Nordic sky", which "alone strengthened and healed the warrior nation". Ancient forest living, and habits presumed to have been followed by the ancient tribes of Germany were beneficial to regenerating the Aryan people, according to Fuchs' philosophy. Hans SĂčren, a prominent former military officer, published
1160:, of peace-giving religion, of the local soil that demands such careful nurturing, of one's own mother, indeed of the "feminine" in general. This chord vibrates again and again in the same register, which can best be characterized by the German word Geborgenheit, implying a reassuring sense of security against that which is new and strange. Footnote 103: The ecology movement, which today tends to be seen as belonging to the left, had its origins in the Lebensreforrn groups of around the turn of the twentieth century, which were often marked by "
34:
704:(People have become naked again) which sold 100,000 copies, arguing that the practices he recommended would be "the means by which the German race would regenerate itself and ultimately prevail over its neighbours and the diabolical Jews, who were intent on injecting putrefying agents into the nation's blood and soil".
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members (not only the leaders) were highly educated, which was a result of the expansion of the German educational system in the 1960s. Typical for these movements was a certain enmity towards "leaders" and a preference for direct action, although these movements often changed the way they expressed themselves.
676:
and "back to nature" movements, as well as "folk movements"), have their roots in the
Lebensreform movement's emphasis on the goodness of nature, the harms to society, people, and to nature caused by industrialization, the importance of the whole person, body and mind, and the goodness of "the old
496:
After 1968, Germany (and other countries) saw the growth of the so-called New Social
Movements such as the students' movement, the peace movement, and the movement of the modern environmentalists. Those movements lacked a unified ideology, had no tight organization, and were very diverse. Their
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currents with the
Lebensreform faction, the ecology movement,(103) early women's liberation and the opening to alternative forms of religionâa convergence that seems so surprising from today's perspective? A deep emotional chord is struck by the themes of one's own
78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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298:. There were hundreds of groups across Germany dedicated to some or all of the concepts associated with the Lebensreform movement. Representatives of the Lebensreform propagated a natural way of life with
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elements were also taken up, along with a glorification of the "simple life in the country". Dozens of magazines, journals, books, and pamphlets were published on these topics. Some groups were made of
566:, Switzerland. Monte Verità attracted many artists from all of Europe, during World War I conscientious objectors from Germany and France. Gustav GrÀser, a thinker and poet, greatly influenced the
504:. They had experienced an estrangement in modern society and tried to realign mankind and nature. They usually organized themselves in a traditional way, with lectures, clubs, and magazines.
1164:" (ethnic) thinking and were influenced by the Wandervogel (wandering birds) movement. What they had in common was their opposition to the industrialization and urbanization of modern life.
437:, were organized in associations and enjoyed great popularity, which is reflected in the number of members. To disseminate their content and principles, they published magazines such as
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1207:"Dietetics, health reform and social order: vegetarianism as a moral physiology. The example of Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867-1939)"
1056:[History of the Free Body Culture: The Naked Truth] (in German). Heidelberg: Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
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The extremists promoting right-wing ideology eventually became popular among Nazi Party officials and their supporters, including
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638:. One group, called themselves the "Nature Boys", settled as a commune in the California desert. One member of this group,
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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144:. This picture from 1911 shows probably a Dutch woman who wears a dress in so-called reform style without a tight-laced
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The workers' movement was a mass movement interested in power politics and only secondarily in sociocultural issues.
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Diet Cults: The
Surprising Fallacy at the Core of Nutrition Fads and a Guide to Healthy Eating for the Rest of US
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movement. The Freikörperkultur movement eventually broadened and came to include socialists with no strains of
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723:(1924), which sold 240,000 copies; by 1941 it was reissued in 68 editions. SĂčren promoted the Aryan
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concept of physically strong, militarized men who would be the "salvation" of the German people.
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settlement and many others, the best-known representative of which was the reform architect
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were also well-known advocates of a strain of
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Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / New York, 1987 (1985), pp. 44-46, 408-411, 415, 435.
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Children of the Sun: A Pictorial
Anthology From Germany To California 1883â1949
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Turning to nature in
Germany : hiking, nudism, and conservation, 1900-1940
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Some of the less well-known protagonists of the movement in
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The Lebensreform movements were much smaller groups that consisted often of
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Turning to Nature in Germany: Hiking, Nudism, and Conservation, 1900â1940
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Die Literatur der Lebensreform. Kulturkritik und Aufbruchstimmung um 1900
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that started since the mid-19th century and originated especially in the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1349:. University Press of New England, Hanover and London, 1986, 287 pp.,
656:, made their way to Northern California in 1967, just in time for the
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One outstanding prophet of the Lebensreform movement was the painter
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Eranos: An Alternative Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century
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Mountain of Truth. The Counterculture begins, Ascona, 1900-1920
1026:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. pp. 23â30.
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gradually became part of Nazi ideology by the 1930s, known as
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Soziale Bewegungen: ein historisch-systematischer Grundriss.
715:, who belonged to the right-wing farming organization the
546:. Among his disciples were three painters: Hugo Höppener (
746:. Translated by Lust, Benedict. New York: Benedict Lust.
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Many contemporary environmental and other movements (the
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turned to new religious and spiritual views, including
1054:"Geschichte der Freikörperkultur: Die nackte Wahrheit"
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Fritzen, F. (2009). "Changing the World with MĂŒsli".
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movement in Germany was a politically diverse social
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to other social movements and found some specifics:
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Voluptuous Panic: The Erotic World of Weimar Berlin
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How can we explain the convergence of conservative-
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
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1361:Nature Doctors. Pioneers in Naturopathic Medicine
1135:Hakl, Hans Thomas; McIntosh, Christopher (2014).
429:Some areas of the Lebensreform movement, such as
229:is considered to be an important pioneer of the
1288:. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2016, 352 pp.,
606:like the educationalist and gymnastics teacher
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96:accompanying your translation by providing an
58:Click for important translation instructions.
45:expand this article with text translated from
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1335:. Stanford University Press (2007), 368 pp.,
1090:"Hippie Roots & The Perennial Subculture"
8:
1205:Meyer-Renschhausen, E; Wirz, A (July 1999).
1099:â also contains excerpts from Kennedy (1998)
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596:in tradition, which eventually became the
274:("reform house"); retail stores that sell
1284:Thorsten Carstensen & Marcel Schmid:
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186:. Common features were the criticism of
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1458:Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg
1359:Friedhelm Kirchfeld & Wade Boyle:
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1472:Wir sind des Geyers schwarzer Haufen
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1509:Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929
743:Return to Nature: Paradise Regained
401:Eden GemeinnĂŒtzige Obstbau-Siedlung
1363:. Portland, Oregon,1994, 351 pp.,
1113:magazine, issue 122 (April 2009):
14:
1302:. Nivaria Press (1998), 192 pp.,
1020:Williams, John Alexander (2007).
758:Also available as a PDF from the
523:who lived with his students in a
388:Vegetarische Obstbau-Kolonie Eden
268:movement in Germany today is the
860:Down to the Countryside Movement
531:and later founded the community
225:The painter and social reformer
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845:Commune (intentional community)
198:combined with striving for the
136:One of the many aspects of the
875:History of the hippie movement
702:Wieder nacktgewordene Menschen
108:{{Translated|de|Lebensreform}}
106:You may also add the template
1:
783:Mucusless Diet Healing System
264:One noticeable legacy of the
700:published a pamphlet called
202:. Common practices included
1052:Krell, Maria (2021-04-21).
685:A specific stream based on
614:Effect in the United States
527:in Höllriegelskreuth near
468:Ways to Strength and Beauty
119:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
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1139:. Routledge. p. 272.
414:Lebensreform was a mainly
163:[ËleËbnÌ©sËÊeËfÉÊm]
70:Machine translation, like
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1601:Back-to-the-land movement
1223:10.1017/s0025727300065388
835:Back-to-the-land movement
233:ideas. Other influential
47:the corresponding article
1722:History of vegetarianism
1514:Deutscher Pfadfinderbund
21:Not to be confused with
940:Sustainable development
925:Subsistence agriculture
760:Soil and Health Library
648:, (recorded in 1947 by
510:Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach
227:Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach
117:For more guidance, see
1666:Zionist youth movement
1253:Gordon 2006, pp. 138â9
994:10.1002/germ.201090000
731:Books that influenced
474:The German researcher
443:Die Vegetarische Warte
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1732:Health in Switzerland
1712:German Youth Movement
1524:Sturmtrupp-Pfadfinder
1499:Bruderhof Communities
1405:German Youth Movement
1176:Fitzgerald M (2014).
740:Just, Adolf (1903) .
681:Right-wing radicalism
568:German Youth Movement
382:(1876â1950), and the
280:naturopathic medicine
159:German pronunciation:
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90:copyright attribution
1313:Gordon, Mel (2006).
955:Wandervogel movement
696:. As early as 1907,
570:and such writers as
441:(The Naturopath) or
372:garden city movement
1697:Free love advocates
1519:Freideutsche Jugend
1494:Berneuchen Movement
1271:Gordon 2006, p. 146
1262:Gordon 2006, p. 144
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830:Anarcho-primitivism
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1707:Culture of Germany
1504:Deutsche Freischar
1426:Ludwigstein Castle
1121:2010-01-03 at the
1095:2010-09-24 at the
950:Tolstoyan movement
945:Sustainable living
765:Richard Ungewitter
698:Richard Ungewitter
660:in San Francisco.
604:ethnic nationalism
580:Richard Ungewitter
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1727:Health in Austria
1717:Health in Germany
1702:Agrarian politics
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1606:Edelweiss Pirates
1294:978-3-8376-3334-4
1191:978-1-60598-560-2
1184:. Pegasus Books.
1116:Tune in, Drop out
1073:Joachim Raschke:
960:Lebensphilosophie
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380:Heinrich Tessenow
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890:Physiocracy
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725:master race
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1465:Wild Geese
1420:Jugendburg
1060:2023-05-08
967:References
865:Ecovillage
805:Siddhartha
645:Nature Boy
640:eden ahbez
632:California
608:Adolf Koch
459:gymnastics
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216:gymnastics
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533:Himmelhof
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336:Mazdaznan
332:theosophy
318:, German
112:talk page
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