36:
592:
2400:
463:, acting on behalf of several independent movie makers, has obtained the IP addresses of BitTorrent users illegally downloading specific movies. The group then sued these users, in order to obtain subpoenas forcing ISPs to reveal the users' true identities. The group then sent out settlement offers in the $ 1,000–$ 3,000 range. About 16,200 lawsuits were filed between March and September 2010.
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well-known facilitator of copyright infringement, The Pirate Bay continues to shift between different hosting facilities and domain registrars in the face of legal prosecution and shutdown threats. Telenor was recently forced to ban the DNS of TPB (although other cloud based clones still are available).
578:
Bewkes further commented that he did not consider the unauthorized distribution to result in the loss of HBO subscriptions, rather: "Our experience is, it all leads to more penetration, more paying subs and more health for HBO." The show is the most infringed TV show, and "the show's first season was
395:
to begin monitoring its users' activities and to submit logs to MPAA. TorrentSpy ultimately removed access for US visitors rather than operate in an "uncertain legal environment." In the face of destruction of evidence charges and a $ 111 million legal judgement, TorrentSpy voluntarily shut down and
82:
attempt to regulate any activity. BitTorrent files and links can be accessed in different geographic locations and legal jurisdictions. Thus, it is possible to host a BitTorrent file in geographic jurisdictions where it is legal and others where it is illegal. A single link, file or data or download
95:
do not store copyrighted data and are ordinarily unobjectionable. Some accused parties argued that BitTorrent trackers are legal even if sharing the copyrighted data in question was a copyright violation. Despite these arguments, there has been tremendous legal pressure, usually on behalf of the
259:
torrent website, formed by a
Swedish anti-copyright group, is notorious for the "legal threats" section of its website in which letters and replies on the subject of alleged copyright infringements are publicly displayed. On 31 May 2006, their servers in Sweden were raided by Swedish police on
276:
in damages. All the defendants appealed the decision, although two later served their sentences. In 2012, to minimize legal exposure and save computer resources, The Pirate Bay entirely switched to providing plaintext magnet links instead of traditional torrent files. As the most popular and
194:
5,000, awaiting a sentencing hearing, though the magistrate himself admitted the difficulty of determining how he should be sentenced due to the lack of precedent. On 7 November 2005 he was sentenced to jail for three months, but was immediately granted bail pending an appeal. The appeal was
75:. However, it can also be a very specific instruction for how to obtain content on the internet. BitTorrent may transmit or include illegal or copyrighted content. Court decisions in various jurisdictions have deemed some BitTorrent files illegal.
537:
The actual story is probably a bit more nuanced. There’s plenty to suggest, for instance, that HBO doesn’t necessarily lose business when someone pirates "Game of
Thrones" -- in all likelihood, that person would never subscribe to the network,
67:
of the BitTorrent file, link or metadata liable as an infringing party under some copyright laws. Similarly, the use of BitTorrent to procure illegal materials could potentially create liability for end users as an accomplice.
231:
3,000 (US$ 2,000) per person. One person who received such a letter was 9 years old. These actions were considered controversial by the local anime community and attracted criticism, as they were seen by fans as heavy-handed.
466:
In 2011, United States courts began determining the legality of suits brought against hundreds or thousands of BitTorrent users. Nearly simultaneously, a suit against 5,000 IP addresses was dismissed. A smaller suit,
892:
1680:
689:
Note, 40 Colum. J.L. & Soc. Probs. 1 (2006–2007) Secondary
Liability for Copyright Infringement: BitTorrent as a Vehicle for Establishing a New Copyright Definition for Staple Articles of Commerce; Helton,
271:
was made to cover these incidents. On 17 April 2009, as a result of the trial following the raid, the site's four co-founders were sentenced to one year of jail time each and to collectively pay 30 million
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at the time, but were held liable for legal fees and compensation for illegal distribution ranging up to 60,000 euros. The court set their fine at 10% of the retail price of products distributed.
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dismissed by the Court of First
Instance on 12 December 2006 and Chan was immediately jailed. On 3 January 2007, he was released pending appeal to the Court of Final Appeal on 9 May 2007.
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of BitTorrent users. Many users reported receiving letters from their ISP's that threatened to cut off their internet service if the alleged infringement continued. HBO, unlike the
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of copyright infringement. The site was back online in less than 72 hours, and returned to Sweden, accompanied by public and media backlash against the government's actions.
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884:
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333:-based donation system. Following the agreement, the MPAA changed the LokiTorrent website to display a message intended to discourage filesharers from downloading
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agencies are attempting to address this avenue of copyright infringement. Notably, the use of BitTorrent in connection with copyrighted material may make the
248:, the site's founder and administrator. In December 2005, Sloncek revealed that the Suprnova computer servers had been confiscated by Slovenian authorities.
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566:"If you go around the world, I think you're right, that 'Game of Thrones' is the most pirated show in the world," he said. "Now that's better than an Emmy."
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In 2008 and 2009, an unidentified woman and man were arrested for illegally uploading files with BitTorrent in
September 2008 and April 2009, respectively.
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actively took down and sent legal threats against individual BitTorrent users in
Singapore beginning in 2007. These Internet users allegedly downloaded
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Other notable search engines also voluntarily self-censored licensed content from their results, or became "content distribution"-only search engines.
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to reveal subscribers' personal information. This led to cease-and-desist letters from Odex to users that led to out-of-court settlements for at least
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to commit criminal copyright infringement and criminal copyright infringement of a pre-commercial release work. Punishments included jail time,
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2011:
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action may be actionable in some places, but not in others. This analysis applies to other sharing technologies and platforms.
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Copyright owners have undertaken a variety of tactics and strategies to try to curtail BitTorrent transmittal of their
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generated a variety of novel legal issues. While the technology and related platforms are legal in many jurisdictions,
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1646:
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449:
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1809:
Czerniawski, Michal (December 2009). "Responsibility of BitTorrent Search
Engines for Copyright Infringements".
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remarked that Chan's act significantly damaged the interest of copyright holders. He was released on bail for
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Some commentators have suggested that copyright violation through BitTorrent need not mean a loss of sales.
525:) to be indexed after November 2009, resulting in the immediate removal of a majority of Mininova's search.
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244:, a popular early BitTorrent site, closed purportedly due to the pressure felt by Andre Preston, aka
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messages to BitTorrent sites, leading to the shutdown of
Torrentse and Sharelive in July 2003.
35:
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and fines. Jail sentences were issued to some defendants violations of criminal law, the
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In June 2006, the popular website
Newnova.org, a replicate of Suprnova, was closed.
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lawsuit against BitTorrent Inc. for infringing a patent applied for in April 1999.
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for actions brought by the MPAA. Webber raised approximately US$ 45,000 through a
1766:
Redmond, Scott D. "Media file distribution with adaptive transmission protocols"
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40:
456:, has not been reported to have filed suit over file sharing as of April 2007.
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Complicating the legal analysis are jurisdictional issues that are common when
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1707:"High 'Game of Thrones' piracy is 'better than an Emmy,' says Time Warner CEO"
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guilty of inducing copyright infringement. The ruling was upheld on appeal in
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and similar organizations around the world, to shut down BitTorrent trackers.
60:
1700:
1698:
1673:"'Game of Thrones' exec says piracy is 'better than an Emmy.' He has a point"
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860:. Hong Kong Information Services Department. 24 October 2005. Archived from
435:
183:
72:
52:
289:, civil and criminal legal actions in the United States began to increase.
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517:, announced that it would only allow freely licensed content (especially
514:
479:
1421:
1232:[Bittorrent websites under pressure] (in German). heise online.
490:, Wiley is thus "the first book publisher to take this kind of action".
360:. Ten search warrants relating to members of the website were executed.
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CEO Jeff Bewkes spoke about the positive effects of file sharing.
212:
34:
1568:"Bomb threat as US Copyright Group sues 2,000 more file-swappers"
1542:"Safenet (for HBO) Letter to Charter Communications - Part 2.jpg"
345:
On 25 May 2005, the popular BitTorrent website EliteTorrents.org
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1002:
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770:"Police swoop closes down Finland's largest file download site"
444:, by providing bad chunks of data to clients. In 2007 HBO sent
191:
1938:
1738:"Game of Thrones season finale breaks BitTorrent swarm record"
1410:. Afterdawn.com (10 September 2008). Retrieved on 11 May 2013.
586:
555:
422:
in March 2013 and the site finally shut down in
October 2013.
1821:
1598:"Judge Decimates BitTorrent Lawsuit With Common Sense Ruling"
120:
and four others were ordered to pay hundreds of thousands of
1656:. TorrentFreak (31 October 2011). Retrieved on 11 May 2013.
622:
In June 2011, Tranz-Send Broadcasting Network filed a U.S.
945:(in Chinese). Mingpao/Sina. 29 April 2009. Archived from
325:
of visitors). Webber began a fundraising campaign to pay
116:
police raided Finreactor, a major BitTorrent site. Seven
832:"Underage Finnish BitTorrent admins fined $ 60,000 each"
885:"In Hong Kong, a Jail Sentence for Online File-Sharing"
603:
917:. Xinhua/CriEnglish.com. 29 April 2009. Archived from
1343:"6th EliteTorrents Star-Wars Pre-Release Guilty Plea"
1065:"The Piratebay is Down: Raided by the Swedish Police"
800:"Finreactor to pay extensive compensation for piracy"
39:
Legal notice provided upon an initial startup of the
164:) was convicted of violating copyright by uploading
2353:
2251:
2184:
2152:
2007:
1911:
1880:
1859:
915:"HK Man Arrested for Sharing Films with BitTorrent"
1647:Major Book Publisher Files Mass-BitTorrent Lawsuit
1372:"Dramatic BitTorrent Site Shutdowns of the Decade"
400:in 2008, although appeals continued through 2009.
1637:. Publishersweekly.com. Retrieved on 11 May 2013.
1199:"The Pirate Bay Turns Ten Years Old: The History"
1783:μTorrent/BitTorrent Sued For Patent Infringement
1484:"TorrentSpy renews legal campaign against MPAA"
1260:"Court: Hollywood gets P2P giant's server logs"
564:
535:
71:BitTorrent files can be seen conceptually as a
1837:
1453:"TorrentSpy Blocks Searches From US Visitors"
1039:"Supernova.org: Two Years Since the Shutdown"
391:On 29 May 2007, a U.S. federal judge ordered
8:
1366:
1364:
223:anime via BitTorrent. Court orders required
91:Legal regimes vary from country to country.
1168:"The Pirate Bay Will Stop Serving Torrents"
699:. Heinonline.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2013.
469:Pacific Century International, Ltd. v. Does
1844:
1830:
1822:
1401:EliteTorrents Admin gets 18 month sentence
707:
705:
471:against 100 IPs, has also been dismissed.
419:Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Fung
363:Six site administrators pleaded guilty to
1015:Anime firm boss gets online death threats
1166:Van Der Sar, Ernesto (12 January 2012).
1116:Steal This Film (Stockholm, Summer 2006)
1451:Ernesto, Van Der Sar (27 August 2007).
1253:
1251:
681:
482:" for illegally copying books from the
438:began "poisoning" torrents of its show
1796:, 19 June 2011. Accessed 20 June 2011.
1382:from the original on 26 September 2010
1197:Van Der Sar, Ernesto (9 August 2013).
1137:"The Pirate Bay Trial: Guilty Verdict"
373:Family Entertainment and Copyright Act
1540:Henderson, Maryanne (21 March 2006).
1422:"Bye Newnova (update: welcome back!)"
1420:Van Der Sar, Ernesto (20 June 2006).
895:from the original on 13 November 2007
740:"Finnish police raid BitTorrent site"
500:Motion Picture Association of America
299:Motion Picture Association of America
202:Singapore: Odex actions against users
7:
2409:
1748:from the original on 3 December 2017
1628:Wiley Goes After Bit Torrent Pirates
1608:from the original on 19 October 2011
1292:from the original on 5 February 2022
1236:from the original on 16 October 2019
1147:from the original on 25 October 2019
838:from the original on 8 November 2006
148:On 24 October 2005, BitTorrent user
1578:from the original on 3 January 2012
1548:from the original on 5 January 2007
883:Bradsher, Keith (7 November 2005).
358:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
208:Odex's actions against file-sharing
1513:Torkington, Nat (4 October 2005).
1482:Sandoval, Greg (4 February 2009).
1288:. Slashdot.org. 11 February 2005.
1258:Borland, John (10 February 2005).
1230:"Bittorrent-Webseiten unter Druck"
1178:from the original on 15 April 2015
1071:from the original on 16 April 2014
1041:. TorrentFreak. 19 December 2006.
858:"Peer-to-peer infringer convicted"
780:from the original on 20 April 2006
750:from the original on 28 April 2006
543:Caitlin Dewey, The Washington Post
521:distributed by its author under a
478:brought suit against 27 New York "
317:(known as "lowkee"), webmaster of
25:
1717:from the original on 18 June 2015
1521:from the original on 23 July 2008
1494:from the original on 8 April 2015
1463:from the original on 1 April 2015
1432:from the original on 9 April 2015
1209:from the original on 9 April 2015
1125:website. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
834:. TorrentFreak. 26 October 2006.
738:Cullen, Drew (14 December 2004).
579:the best-selling TV DVD of 2012.
2408:
2399:
2398:
1705:Adi, Robertson (8 August 2013).
1671:Dewey, Caitlin (9 August 2013).
1626:Milliot, Jim. (1 November 2011)
1323:from the original on 9 June 2008
1228:Röttgers, Janko (26 July 2003).
1097:from the original on 12 May 2007
1045:from the original on 31 May 2007
812:from the original on 3 July 2010
715:. The Pirate Bay. Archived from
590:
51:for the unauthorized sharing of
1772:, Issue date: 27 November 2007.
1736:Kravets, David (16 June 2015).
1683:from the original on 8 May 2015
1349:from the original on 7 May 2007
1262:. CNET News.com. Archived from
354:Federal Bureau of Investigation
182:to a newsgroup (Chapter 528 of
2366:BitTorrent Open Source License
1311:Poulsen, Kevin (26 May 2005).
1135:Kiss, Jemima (17 April 2009).
293:MPAA cease and desist messages
152:(陳乃明), using the handle 古惑天皇 (
1:
1093:. TorrentFreak. 3 June 2006.
1067:. TorrentFreak. 31 May 2006.
646:Legal aspects of file sharing
459:Beginning in early 2010, the
144:Hong Kong: individual actions
31:Legal aspects of file sharing
2371:Glossary of BitTorrent terms
1345:. TorrentFreak. 2 May 2007.
528:
132:the case all the way to the
529:Infringement's sales impact
281:United States: 2003–present
2461:
1515:"HBO Attacking BitTorrent"
558:programming president and
450:Internet Service Providers
285:Soon after the closure of
205:
28:
2394:
1313:"U.S. Jacks Torrent Site"
974:30 September 2007 at the
498:On 23 November 2005, the
87:Jurisdictional variations
1652:20 February 2012 at the
1020:23 December 2008 at the
992:Kicking kids for profit?
969:Parents get shock letter
941:
523:Creative Commons license
426:Copyright holder actions
134:Supreme Court of Finland
1929:Distributed hash tables
1679:. The Washington Post.
1633:15 January 2012 at the
1286:"LokiTorrent Shut Down"
997:5 December 2010 at the
666:Opposition to copyright
656:Virtual private network
2440:Copyright infringement
1028:, 16 August 2007, p. 4
576:
546:
410:federal district court
408:On 21 December 2009 a
44:
18:Legality of BitTorrent
2047:Free Download Manager
1769:U.S. patent 7,301,944
1544:. Tallinn Wordpress.
486:series. According to
432:intellectual property
412:found the founder of
154:The Master of Cunning
118:system administrators
38:
1949:Local Peer Discovery
1788:20 June 2011 at the
1378:. 31 December 2009.
1005:Asia, 16 August 2007
864:on 30 September 2007
776:. 16 December 2004.
695:4 March 2016 at the
93:BitTorrent metafiles
1959:Protocol encryption
1406:1 June 2013 at the
1266:on 3 September 2006
1121:17 May 2008 at the
1091:"Piratebay Back Up"
583:Patent infringement
476:John Wiley and Sons
260:allegations by the
160:referred to him as
108:Finland: Finreactor
53:copyrighted content
49:BitTorrent protocol
2300:Oink's Pink Palace
2139:WebTorrent Desktop
2135:(formerly Azureus)
1574:. 1 October 2010.
719:on 22 January 2009
602:. You can help by
461:US Copyright Group
252:Sweden: Pirate Bay
240:In December 2004,
236:Slovenia: Suprnova
112:In December 2004,
45:
2422:
2421:
2028:(original client)
1026:The Straits Times
1024:, Chua Hian Hou,
978:", Liew Hanqing,
774:Helsingin Sanomat
651:Torrent poisoning
620:
619:
548:In addition, the
474:In October 2011,
179:Miss Congeniality
128:. The defendants
16:(Redirected from
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2153:Tracker software
1867:BitTorrent, Inc.
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808:. 30 June 2010.
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446:cease and desist
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351:United States
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347:was shut down
341:EliteTorrents
340:
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324:
320:
316:
315:Edward Webber
308:
306:
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297:In 2003, the
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61:prosecutorial
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32:
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19:
2445:Computer law
2386:TorrentFreak
2376:Popcorn Time
2310:Suprnova.org
2270:ExtraTorrent
2123:Transmission
1974:Torrent file
1903:Ashwin Navin
1898:Eric Klinker
1794:TorrentFreak
1793:
1777:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1742:ars technica
1741:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1710:
1685:. Retrieved
1676:
1642:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1572:Ars Technica
1571:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1456:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1425:
1415:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1376:TorrentFreak
1375:
1351:. Retrieved
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:the original
1238:. Retrieved
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1202:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1171:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1141:The Guardian
1140:
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1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1033:
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951:. Retrieved
947:the original
935:
923:. Retrieved
919:the original
909:
897:. Retrieved
888:
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866:. Retrieved
862:the original
852:
840:. Retrieved
826:
814:. Retrieved
803:
794:
782:. Retrieved
773:
764:
752:. Retrieved
744:The Register
743:
733:
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
684:
641:File sharing
621:
611:October 2011
608:
604:adding to it
599:
577:
565:
549:
547:
536:
532:
519:free content
512:
497:
488:TorrentFreak
473:
465:
458:
439:
429:
417:
407:
390:
382:
369:house arrest
362:
344:
323:IP addresses
312:
296:
284:
265:
255:
242:Suprnova.org
239:
215:distributor
211:
197:
177:
171:
165:
161:
153:
147:
111:
90:
77:
70:
64:
46:
26:
2290:LokiTorrent
2176:PeerTracker
2171:opentracker
2103:qBittorrent
2017:usage share
572:Jeff Bewkes
560:Time Warner
494:Settlements
484:For Dummies
319:LokiTorrent
309:LokiTorrent
41:QBittorrent
2435:BitTorrent
2429:Categories
2345:YouTorrent
2325:TorrentSpy
2256:comparison
2238:YggTorrent
2189:comparison
2157:comparison
2077:libtorrent
2026:BitTorrent
2012:comparison
1999:WebTorrent
1912:Technology
1893:Ross Cohen
1888:Bram Cohen
1872:Vuze, Inc.
1853:BitTorrent
1781:Ernesto. "
1677:The Switch
1612:18 October
1386:10 October
1317:Wired News
1240:1 November
842:8 November
816:10 October
677:References
636:BitTorrent
554:director,
504:Bram Cohen
434:. In 2005
398:bankruptcy
396:filed for
393:TorrentSpy
387:TorrentSpy
365:conspiracy
327:legal fees
206:See also:
188:magistrate
186:law). The
173:Red Planet
158:magistrate
29:See also:
2381:Slyck.com
2079:(library)
2057:FrostWire
1860:Companies
1711:The Verge
480:John Does
313:In 2005,
221:fansubbed
184:Hong Kong
167:Daredevil
162:Big Crook
73:hyperlink
2404:Category
2330:Torrentz
2295:Mininova
2265:BTJunkie
2208:Demonoid
2113:Shareaza
2108:rTorrent
2098:MLDonkey
2088:µTorrent
2083:LimeWire
2072:KTorrent
2067:Go!Zilla
2062:Getright
2052:Flashget
2032:BitComet
1919:Glossary
1786:Archived
1746:Archived
1715:Archived
1681:Archived
1650:Archived
1631:Archived
1606:Archived
1576:Archived
1552:22 April
1546:Archived
1525:22 April
1519:Archived
1492:Archived
1461:Archived
1430:Archived
1404:Archived
1380:Archived
1347:Archived
1327:21 April
1321:Archived
1296:15 April
1290:Archived
1270:15 April
1234:Archived
1207:Archived
1176:Archived
1145:Archived
1119:Archived
1095:Archived
1069:Archived
1043:Archived
1018:Archived
995:Archived
972:Archived
953:29 April
925:29 April
899:15 April
893:Archived
868:15 April
836:Archived
810:Archived
778:Archived
748:Archived
693:Archived
661:Copyleft
630:See also
569:—
541:—
515:Mininova
287:Suprnova
138:underage
130:appealed
2414:Commons
2335:What.CD
2280:isoHunt
2128:Tribler
2037:BitLord
2008:Clients
1969:Tracker
1815:1540913
1752:14 June
1721:19 June
1687:19 June
1582:14 June
1498:4 April
1467:4 April
1436:4 April
1213:4 April
1182:4 April
1151:4 April
690:Matthew
538:anyway.
414:isoHunt
404:isoHunt
379:Newnova
349:by the
246:Sloncek
126:damages
114:Finnish
65:issuers
43:client.
2203:BTDigg
2144:Xunlei
2118:Tixati
2042:Deluge
1994:WebRTC
1881:People
1813:
1353:20 May
1101:20 May
1075:20 May
1049:20 May
671:Kopimi
331:PayPal
2305:RARBG
2213:etree
2198:1337x
1944:index
784:9 May
754:9 May
723:9 May
213:Anime
122:euros
2361:aXXo
2340:YIFY
2315:t411
2275:EZTV
2133:Vuze
2093:Miro
1811:SSRN
1754:2017
1723:2015
1689:2015
1614:2011
1584:2017
1554:2007
1527:2007
1500:2015
1488:CNET
1469:2015
1438:2015
1388:2010
1355:2007
1329:2007
1298:2007
1272:2007
1242:2019
1215:2015
1184:2015
1153:2015
1103:2007
1077:2007
1051:2007
1003:CNet
955:2009
927:2009
901:2007
870:2007
844:2006
818:2010
786:2006
756:2006
725:2006
502:and
454:RIAA
441:Rome
356:and
262:MPAA
225:ISPs
217:Odex
192:HK$
176:and
102:RIAA
98:MPAA
59:and
1989:µTP
1984:UDP
1979:TCP
1939:I2P
1934:DNA
1792:".
606:.
556:HBO
436:HBO
274:SEK
229:S$
124:in
2431::
1740:.
1709:.
1697:^
1675:.
1661:^
1600:.
1570:.
1490:.
1486:.
1459:.
1455:.
1428:.
1424:.
1374:.
1363:^
1319:.
1315:.
1250:^
1205:.
1201:.
1174:.
1170:.
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1139:.
891:.
887:.
802:.
772:.
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742:.
704:^
375:.
337:.
170:,
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2254:(
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2187:(
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2155:(
2019:)
2014:,
2010:(
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967:"
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929:.
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872:.
846:.
820:.
788:.
758:.
727:.
613:)
609:(
269:,
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
