179:, was key to Caesar's support for Clodius. The law threatened punishment for anyone who offered fire and water to those who had executed Roman citizens without a trial "qui civem Romanum indemnatum interemisset, ei aqua et igni interdiceretur." This was an ingenious means of forcing Cicero into exile without trying him directly. Cicero, an enemy of Clodius having executed members of the
162:, this law placed an additional check on the powers of the Censors. This was typically the only act that required the concurrence of both Censors. Also, when a senator had been already convicted before an ordinary court, this law permitted the Censors to remove him from the senate in a summary way. This law was repealed in 52 BC by the
225:, who had attempted to weaken the power of Rome's citizens and to strengthen the senate. The result of this law was a wave of violence and gang warfare that resulted in Clodius' murder, and that was not to end until the end of the republic and the establishment of the
218:("The Law of Clodius on the Associations") was a law that declared that certain clubs of a "semi-political nature" (i.e. armed gangs) were lawful. These clubs had been abolished through a decree of the senate in 80 BC, probably upon the urging of the aristocratic
206:
required the distribution of grain to Rome's poor citizens for free. Before this law, grain had been distributed to Rome's poor at a low price instead. This was somewhat radical, as during the first centuries of the republic, as per the
211:, several citizens had been executed for distributing free grain to the poor, under the concern that they were plotting to win popular support in order to overthrow the government and seize a tyranny.
109:), by declaring that unfavourable omens (auspices) had been observed. This had been an ordinary form of legislative obstruction for centuries, and was formally codified around the year 150 BC by the
183:
several years before without formal trial, was clearly the intended target of the law. Caesar supported
Clodius as he wanted Cicero exiled (Cicero was one of the leaders of the Senate's
415:
474:
169:
427:
Tatum, W. Jeffrey. The
Patrician Tribune: P. Clodius Pulcher. Studies in the History of Greece and Rome (University of North Carolina Press, 1999) hardcover
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next to the name of a citizen, usually for offences such as bankruptcy, cowardice, or having been a gladiator. If a citizen had a
464:
243:
pertained to several of Rome's eastern provinces and vassal states (in particular
Ptolemaic Egypt and Byzantium in Greece).
236:("The Law of Clodius on the Voting of Freedmen") attempted to extend freedmen's (i.e. ex-slaves') voting rights (suffrage).
407:
119:, for example, was known to have used this obstructive device at least once. Thus, in effect, this law repealed the
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placed besides his name, he was subject to a range of penalties, including fines, exile, assignment to an inferior
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for voting purposes, or even the loss of his citizenship. Thus, by requiring concurrence for the placement of a
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50:
46:
222:
416:
Entry from Harry
Thurston Peck, "Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities" (from the Perseus Project)
78:
365:
469:
257:
111:
438:
428:
98:
102:
35:
155:
106:
459:
219:
39:
453:
66:
226:
131:
70:
58:
31:
81:, which was not open to patricians. Clodius was famously a bitter opponent of
252:
191:
185:
27:
180:
130:("The Law of Clodius on the Censors"), prescribed certain rules for the
62:
43:
143:
116:
82:
138:). It also required the concurrence of both Censors to inflict the
196:
74:
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is sometimes regarded as a political gesture. With the support of
54:
134:
in exercising their functions as inspectors of public morals (
146:(conducted once every five years), the Censors could place a
189:, which was a group that opposed Caesar, Clodius, and other
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Dion
Cassius. XXXVIII.13; Cic. in Vatin. 17, in Pison. 4, 5
437:
Fezzi, L: Il tribuno Clodio (Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008)
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Pro Domo, 18, &c., Post Redit. in Sen. 2.5, &c.
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Cicero pro Sestio, 25; Dig. 50 tit. 16 s203 De
Portorio
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Lex Clodia de Rege
Ptolemaeo et de exsulibus Byzantinis
97:("The Law of Clodius on the Auspices"), prevented the
168:, which was enacted by a political enemy of Clodius,
105:, from dissolving the assemblies (specifically, the
338:Cicero. in Pis. 4, pro Sest. 25, ad Att. III.15
199:, from which he did not return for 18 months.
195:.) As a result of this law, Cicero went into
77:family in order to qualify for the office of
73:in 59 BC, Clodius had himself adopted into a
8:
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177:Lex Clodia de Civibus Romanis Interemptis
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49:in 58 BC. Clodius was a member of the
234:Lex Clodia de Libertinorum Suffragiis
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475:1st century BC in the Roman Republic
377:Cicero. pro Dom. 8, 20, pro Sest. 26
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