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charge of the supervision of the Indian schools of this State. There is no race of people on earth that has more antipathy for the Negro race than the Indian race, and yet these people, numbering many of the best citizens of this State and nation, are to be humbled and their prejudices and passions are to be increased by having this outrage imposed upon them ... If your organization would interest itself to the extent of seeing that such outrages as this are not perpetrated against our people, there would be fewer lynchings in the South than at this time ...
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443:. Through specific legislation, Cruce and the state legislature closed businesses on Sundays, and declared prize fighting, gambling, bootlegging, and horseracing illegal. This, combined with Haskell's prohibition plan, proved too much for the state to handle. The state legislature did not possess the funds needed to finance the operations and only ended up shifting funds around from one law enforcement agency to another. Cruce, on numerous occasions, in his role as
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There is a race prejudice that exists between the white and Negro races wherever the
Negroes are found in large numbers ... Just this week the announcement comes as a shock to the people of Oklahoma that the Secretary of the Interior ... has appointed a Negro from Kansas to come to Oklahoma and take
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to
Oklahoma City in 1910. Under the supervision of Cruce, the state legislature established the three member State Capitol Commission in 1913. The commission was charged with purchasing land for the state capitol building. After purchasing the desired property in downtown Oklahoma City, on July 20,
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Cruce was an avid abolitionist when it came to the use of capital punishment throughout the state. Pioneering the movement to abolish capital punishment, Cruce commuted twenty-two death sentences to life imprisonment and only one execution took place during his administration. Despite this, he did
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through his force of personality, Cruce continually struggled for power against the state legislature throughout his term. Despite the power struggles, Cruce did manage to complete many of the projects he initiated. Cruce's first major success came in the realm of automotives. With the increase in
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Congressional reapportionments nearly resulted in the downfall of Cruce's administration. In 1912, Cruce vetoed a bill to reapportion the state into eight congressional districts designed to minimize
Republican voting strength. This veto as well as the Governor's attempts to abolish some public
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Born in
Kentucky, Cruce worked as a lawyer, a banker, and a municipal official before his election as governor. After finishing his term as governor, he worked in the private sector and made an unsuccessful bid for the United States Senate. He died in 1933 in
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primary election to serve as the first governor of
Oklahoma, Cruce successfully campaigned to succeed Haskell to serve as the second governor of Oklahoma. As governor, Cruce was responsible for the establishment of the
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After ten years of practicing law, Cruce entered the financial world as the first cashier of the
Ardmore National Bank, of which he later served as the bank's president. In 1901, Cruce was elected an
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After Cruce left office, he would continue his career as a lawyer and banker through
Oklahoma. In 1930, Cruce was defeated in the primary for the United States Senate losing out to
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defeated Cruce for the nomination, but before
Haskell's term ended in 1911, Cruce once again sought the Democratic nomination for governor and was successful. He then defeated his
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institutions for economic reasons, led the legislature to investigate the executive branch. As a result, the State
Auditor, State Insurance Commissioner, and State Printer were
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Through his combined positions of power in the
Ardmore National Bank and the movement towards statehood in late 1906, Cruce submitted his name to the
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1914, groundbreaking began. Then on November 16, 1915 (Oklahoma's 8th birthday) the cornerstone was laid in Masonic fashion and construction began.
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By the end of his term in 1915, the voters were, for the most part, ready for a change. Looking for a new governor, the voters looked to
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to prevent a horserace from taking place. The race was brought to a halt as shots were fired over the heads of the jockeys.
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492:. Elected in 1914 following the end of his only term on the court, Williams became the third governor of Oklahoma.
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on January 9, 1911. Whereas the state's first governor exercised extensive executive control over the
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in 1888, he did not practice law until he joined his brother's law firm, Johnson, Cruce and Cruce at
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automobiles, the state legislature acted upon Cruce's commendation and established the
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in 1911. Roads were improved with funds generated from an annual $ 1 license fee.
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197:(July 8, 1863 – January 16, 1933) was an American lawyer, banker and the second
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primary for governor of the newly created state of Oklahoma. The popular
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on July 8, 1863. He attended Marion Academy, and subsequently attended
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in the state capital, which Haskell officially moved from
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Next on the governor's agenda was the construction of the
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58:January 9, 1911 – January 11, 1915
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554:Learn how and when to remove this message
407:1972 photograph of Oklahoma State Capitol
391:Learn how and when to remove this message
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477:. Cruce himself escaped removal in the
459:of non-white people, explaining to the
1261:Democratic Party governors of Oklahoma
854:Official State biography of Lee Cruce
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583:1910 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
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532:adding citations to reliable sources
411:Cruce was inaugurated as the second
329:adding citations to reliable sources
273:in the local government of Ardmore.
293:opponent in the general election.
242:Lee Cruce was born in the city of
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479:Oklahoma House of Representatives
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422:Oklahoma Department of Highways
316:needs additional citations for
238:Early life and move to Oklahoma
212:Oklahoma Department of Highways
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830:Oklahoma State Election Board
1281:Vanderbilt University alumni
1271:People from Marion, Kentucky
1276:Presbyterians from Oklahoma
248:Crittenden County, Kentucky
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764:. (accessed July 16, 2013)
749:November 19, 2012, at the
1233:indicate acting governors
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878:Second State of the State
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886:Party political offices
873:First State of the State
572:Los Angeles, California
277:Gubernatorial campaigns
228:Los Angeles, California
138:Los Angeles, California
859:June 24, 2006, at the
744:CRUCE, LEE (1863-1933)
486:Oklahoma Supreme Court
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429:Oklahoma State Capitol
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216:Oklahoma State Capitol
988:Governors of Oklahoma
760:May 31, 2010, at the
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252:Vanderbilt University
939:Governor of Oklahoma
905:Governor of Oklahoma
528:improve this section
496:Late life and legacy
417:Oklahoma Legislature
413:Governor of Oklahoma
325:improve this article
297:Governor of Oklahoma
230:, and was buried in
199:governor of Oklahoma
46:Governor of Oklahoma
819:"1907-1912 Results"
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16:American politician
949:Robert L. Williams
932:Charles N. Haskell
924:Political offices
917:Robert L. Williams
894:Charles N. Haskell
783:on August 14, 2019
742:Wilson, Linda D. "
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490:Robert L. Williams
481:by a single vote.
455:little to prevent
445:Commander-in-Chief
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287:Charles N. Haskell
220:Robert L. Williams
203:Charles N. Haskell
148:Rose Hill Cemetery
93:Robert L. Williams
81:Charles N. Haskell
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833:. Retrieved
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323:Please help
318:verification
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205:in the 1907
201:. Losing to
194:
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133:(1933-01-16)
118:July 8, 1863
88:Succeeded by
53:
18:
1256:1933 deaths
1251:1863 births
683:Prohibition
568:Thomas Gore
340:"Lee Cruce"
76:Preceded by
1245:Categories
943:1911–1915
901:Democratic
794:The Crisis
727:References
706:Democratic
641:Republican
617:Lee Cruce
611:Democratic
591:Candidate
544:April 2022
381:April 2022
351:newspapers
291:Republican
283:Democratic
207:Democratic
175:Profession
161:Democratic
114:1863-07-08
64:Lieutenant
1160:Edmondson
1150:J. Murray
1125:W. Murray
1100:Robertson
662:Socialist
515:does not
475:impeached
457:lynchings
441:blue laws
266:in 1891.
195:Lee Cruce
54:In office
25:Lee Cruce
1175:Bartlett
1135:Phillips
1120:Holloway
1115:Johnston
1095:Williams
1048:Ferguson
857:Archived
776:Clemency
758:Archived
747:Archived
622:120,218
271:alderman
256:bar exam
214:and the
44:2nd
1231:Italics
1205:Keating
1200:Walters
1195:Bellmon
1170:Bellmon
1130:Marland
1085:Haskell
1036:Jenkins
1026:Renfrow
848:Sources
804:; also
798:pp. 153
669:24,707
648:99,527
536:removed
521:sources
433:Guthrie
365:scholar
260:Ardmore
170:Widowed
1215:Fallin
1145:Turner
1105:Walton
1072:State
1053:Frantz
1042:Grimes
1031:Barnes
1015:Martin
1009:Steele
718:-5.0%
690:3,214
675:+6.1%
654:−2.4%
651:40.1%
632:−5.0%
627:48.5%
594:Votes
588:Party
367:
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346:
338:
244:Marion
183:banker
179:Lawyer
167:Spouse
140:, U.S.
123:, U.S.
1220:Stitt
1210:Henry
1185:Boren
1110:Trapp
1090:Cruce
822:(PDF)
714:Swing
693:1.2%
672:9.9%
461:NAACP
449:Tulsa
372:JSTOR
358:books
1190:Nigh
1180:Hall
1165:Nigh
1155:Gary
1140:Kerr
1021:Seay
910:1910
837:2023
806:here
709:hold
519:any
517:cite
344:news
128:Died
108:Born
802:154
753:,"
697:New
530:by
327:by
262:in
246:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
