744:
466:. During his captivity, Leontius was cared for by two monks, Gregorios and Paulos, who prophesied his rise to the throne, and encouraged him to rise against Justinian after his release. Leontius, once free, quickly raised a rebellion against Justinian. Leontius had wide support from the aristocracy, who opposed Justinian's land policies, which restricted the aristocracy's ability to acquire land from peasant freeholders, and the peasantry, who opposed Justinian's tax policies, as well as the
58:
489:, done in order to remove threats to the throne, as mutilated people were traditionally barred from becoming emperor; however, Leontius did not kill Justinian, out of reverence for Constantine IV. After Justinian's nose was cut off, Leontius exiled him to
404:; during these campaigns he gathered loot. Leontius' successful campaigns compelled the Umayyad Caliph, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, to sue for peace in 688, agreeing to tender part of the taxes from Umayyad territory in Armenia,
721:
in 705. Justinian then had both
Leontius and Tiberius dragged to the Hippodrome and publicly humiliated, before being taken away and beheaded. The execution took place on 15 February 706 according to the 13th-century
658:, allowing small raids against the border of the Byzantine empire to proceed without reprisal, and instead focused upon consolidation. Very little is known of his domestic policy, except that he had the port of
295:. He was sent to the Monastery of Dalmatou, where he remained until some time between August 705 and February 706. By this time Justinian had retaken the throne. Both Leontius and Tiberius were executed.
447:, suggest that Justinian did so because he believed that Leontius was seeking to take the throne, but it is possible that the crushing defeat at Sebastopolis played a part in his imprisonment; as
3207:
1698:
Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs. Les princes caucasiens et l'Empire du VIe au IXe siècle
Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs
680:
to retake the city. John was able to seize
Carthage after a surprise attack on its harbor. However, Umayyad reinforcements soon retook the city, forcing John to retreat to
641:
3212:
788:, the empress of a preceding emperor, and minted coins of his own, he never successfully took the capital and is thus not normally counted or enumerated.
486:
3257:
3242:
1813:
820:
gives 15 February as the end of
Leontius' reign, but the chronicle clearly indicates that it was the date of both Tiberius and Leontius' execution.
3182:
2338:
1547:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt
412:, and to renew a treaty signed originally under Constantine IV, providing for a weekly tribute of 1,000 pieces of gold, one horse, and one slave.
3237:
634:
254:
In 692, Justinian declared war upon the
Umayyads again, and sent Leontius to campaign against them. However, he was defeated decisively at the
3232:
3227:
3222:
3132:
3000:
1636:
1617:
1598:
1531:
1393:
1350:
1322:
1296:
2345:
816:
384:
The civil war in the
Umayyad Caliphate provided an opportunity for the Byzantine Empire to attack its weakened rival, and, in 686, Emperor
2968:
1461:
Catalogue of the
Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, 2: Phocas to Theodosius III, 602–717
3202:
1407:
454:
After further setbacks in the war, Justinian released
Leontius in 695 because he feared losing control of Carthage, and appointed him
3217:
1664:
1507:
1485:
1469:
728:. The body of Leontius was thrown into the sea alongside Tiberius, but was later recovered and buried in a church on the island of
627:
1419:
2934:
2917:
2744:
2732:
677:
2905:
2697:
2659:
2619:
2586:
1498:
554:
478:
440:
3165:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
3120:
2946:
2773:
2739:
2703:
2592:
654:
Upon his coronation, Leontius, now known as "Leo", adopted a moderate political stance. He restricted the activity of the
405:
684:
and regroup. A group of officers, fearing the
Emperor's punishment for their failure, revolted and proclaimed Apsimar, a
415:
Justinian invaded the Caliphate again in 692, feeling that the Umayyads were in a weak position, but was repulsed at the
2761:
1806:
1556:
701:, gathered a fleet and allied himself with the Green faction, before sailing for Constantinople, which was enduring the
471:
3187:
2842:
2521:
1987:
475:
1629:
Power and Subversion in Byzantium: Papers from the 43rd Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 2010
3252:
3152:
3108:
3086:
3037:
2924:
2715:
2484:
1826:
1436:
757:
320:
270:. After being released, he led a rebellion against Justinian, and seized power, becoming emperor in the same year.
48:
451:
of the Anatolic Theme, he likely served in the battle, and may have even been the main Byzantine commander in it.
3059:
3027:
2852:
2032:
1656:
31:
3069:
3022:
2569:
2216:
1561:
1415:
1342:
705:. After several months of siege, the city surrendered to Tiberius, in 698. Tiberius captured Leontius, and had
444:
512:
2877:
2857:
2631:
2511:
1799:
749:
713:. Leontius stayed in the monastery under guard until Justinian retook the throne with the assistance of the
571:
423:
defected to the Umayyads, ensuring the Byzantine defeat. After this, the Umayyads renewed their invasion of
378:
248:
710:
381:, however, the Umayyads gained the upper hand, although the Zubayrids were not finally defeated until 692.
3147:
3126:
3032:
1822:
416:
370:
255:
673:
perceived weakness, invaded the Exarchate of Africa in 696, capturing Carthage in 697. Leontius sent the
3081:
3076:
3052:
3047:
2963:
2800:
2788:
2559:
2184:
193:
3192:
3064:
3012:
2872:
2847:
2812:
2727:
2641:
2491:
2322:
1791:
1541:
481:. Leontius and his supporters seized Justinian and brought him to the Hippodrome, where Justinian's
3197:
2995:
2980:
2958:
2893:
2882:
2837:
2783:
2273:
2211:
2174:
432:
312:
315:
speculates that Leontius was the son of certain Lazarus, who was the direct descendant of emperor
3042:
2985:
2929:
2911:
2900:
2862:
2832:
2710:
2428:
2332:
2082:
2051:
2044:
1582:
1523:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
1479:
1247:
781:
724:
1219:
3247:
3007:
2953:
2794:
2692:
2667:
2516:
2378:
2114:
2099:
1977:
1945:
1773:
1684:
1674:
1660:
1632:
1613:
1594:
1527:
1503:
1493:
1465:
1459:
1446:
1389:
1346:
1318:
1292:
1284:
1239:
691:
604:
401:
393:
358:
258:, and imprisoned by Justinian for his failure. He was released in 695, and given the title of
240:
208:
87:
3137:
3114:
3017:
2990:
2975:
2941:
2867:
2827:
2817:
2542:
2469:
2439:
2302:
2257:
2252:
2124:
1646:
1369:
1276:
1231:
613:
389:
1712:
2778:
2768:
2677:
2464:
2372:
2360:
2354:
2206:
2027:
1997:
1940:
1920:
1517:
1306:
659:
490:
463:
267:
1678:
283:
who had taken part in a failed expedition that had been launched by Leontius to recover
2672:
2636:
2581:
2474:
2397:
2295:
2289:
2221:
2201:
1955:
1915:
1431:
1423:
802:
702:
663:
655:
579:
467:
459:
428:
397:
344:
334:
288:
284:
263:
236:
232:
184:
144:
64:
3176:
3142:
3102:
2646:
2454:
2262:
1587:
1427:
1411:
1403:
1381:
2887:
2682:
2614:
2609:
2599:
2422:
2284:
1925:
1783:
1766:
1268:
698:
544:
536:
439:. Around this time, Justinian imprisoned Leontius. Some Byzantine sources, such as
424:
385:
362:
274:
244:
211:
from 695 to 698. Little is known of his early life, other than that he was born in
115:
105:
57:
1289:
Signs of Sovereignty: The Shahāda, Quranic verses, and the Coinage of Abd Al-Malik
1650:
1521:
1336:
2751:
2626:
2576:
2501:
2075:
2022:
1965:
1332:
1310:
1205:
970:
798:
686:
563:
279:
155:
2807:
2722:
2687:
2652:
2564:
2479:
2239:
2232:
2179:
2159:
2104:
2069:
2062:
2007:
1972:
1835:
739:
216:
1688:
1566:
1450:
1243:
2554:
2506:
2416:
2403:
2190:
2119:
2092:
2087:
2056:
2002:
1950:
1885:
1880:
706:
482:
339:
337:, at the time the most senior military command of the Byzantine Empire, and
329:
324:
308:
292:
227:
221:
1373:
365:. Umayyad authority was challenged even in their metropolitan province of
2822:
2496:
2449:
2409:
2391:
2311:
2246:
2226:
2196:
2169:
2164:
2149:
2139:
2109:
2017:
2012:
1960:
1935:
1930:
1895:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1545:
436:
374:
1683:. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
17:
2756:
2459:
2366:
2279:
2134:
1910:
1251:
714:
494:
304:
212:
129:
2528:
2385:
2267:
2039:
1905:
785:
718:
498:
409:
316:
303:
Little of Leontius' early life is known, other than that he was from
1235:
2129:
1900:
1890:
1870:
729:
681:
666:
cleared, which allegedly led to a four-month outbreak of plague.
420:
366:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1875:
1865:
1795:
888:
886:
884:
882:
396:, where he campaigned successfully, before leading troops into
1099:
1097:
247:'s reign, securing victory and forcing the Umayyad caliph,
1544:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).
1526:(Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge.
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
291:, Apsimar took the name Tiberius (III), and had Leontius'
845:
843:
841:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1315:
Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680–850: A History
1084:
1082:
327:
Tarasius as Leontius' son. Leontius was appointed as
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
805:, which are a purely historiographical intervention.
3095:
2541:
2438:
2321:
2148:
1986:
1834:
1338:
Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
198:
170:
154:
135:
125:
121:
111:
101:
93:
86:
41:
1586:
1360:Foss, Clive (2005). "Emperors named Constantine".
1386:Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800–1200
784:. Though the 5th-century Leontius was crowned by
1502:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1220:"The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors"
62:Leontius in imperial regalia, as depicted on a
3208:8th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire
1177:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
892:
273:He ruled until 698, when he was overthrown by
1807:
635:
388:sent Leontius to invade Umayyad territory in
8:
1652:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1146:
1103:
1550:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
1134:
2318:
1814:
1800:
1792:
1735:
1437:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1030:
1018:
861:
642:
628:
508:
56:
38:
1627:Saxby, Michael; Angelov, Dimiter (2016).
1317:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1206:Tiberios II. (III.) Apsimar (#8483/corr.)
1073:
982:
369:, while most of the Caliphate recognized
849:
797:While many Byzantine emperors did adopt
1445:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 76–77.
1189:
1165:
1042:
994:
837:
769:
590:
520:
511:
361:erupted into a civil war, known as the
1477:
1115:
1088:
1006:
151:
70:
937:
30:For other people named Leontius, see
7:
1273:Constantinople: The Forgotten Empire
1054:
873:
817:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
782:5th-century usurper of the same name
776:Leontius is sometimes enumerated as
669:The Umayyads, emboldened by Leontius
323:. Furthermore, Settipani identifies
1610:Historical Dictionary of Byzantium
1499:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
25:
3213:Byzantine prisoners and detainees
74:
27:Byzantine emperor from 695 to 698
1464:(2nd ed.). Dumbarton Oaks.
1201:
966:
742:
77:
3258:People executed by decapitation
3243:Governors of the Anatolic Theme
1555:Moore, R. Scott (26 May 1999).
3183:7th-century Byzantine emperors
1589:History of the Byzantine State
709:before imprisoning him in the
427:, aimed at taking the city of
1:
3238:Byzantine governors of Hellas
1696:Settipani, Christian (2006).
1680:The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall
1484:: CS1 maint: date and year (
697:Apsimar took the regnal name
690:(mid-level commander) of the
487:practice in Byzantine culture
357:Starting in 680, the Islamic
348:
204:
139:
3233:700s in the Byzantine Empire
3228:690s in the Byzantine Empire
3223:8th-century Byzantine people
1593:. Rutgers University Press.
1341:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
239:. He led forces against the
219:. He was given the title of
1612:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
476:Patriarch of Constantinople
199:
3274:
3087:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3038:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2925:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1178:Brubaker & Haldon 2011
893:Brubaker & Haldon 2011
758:List of Byzantine emperors
419:, where a large number of
243:during the early years of
29:
3203:Executed Byzantine people
3163:
3060:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3028:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2853:Constantine IX Monomachos
1780:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1738:
1657:Stanford University Press
1458:Grierson, Philip (1993).
1408:"ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān"
1218:Grierson, Philip (1962).
188:
161:
150:
55:
46:
32:Leontius (disambiguation)
3023:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1655:. Stanford, California:
1608:Rosser, John H. (2001).
1562:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1557:"Leontius (695–98 A.D.)"
1343:Harvard University Press
1147:Saxby & Angelov 2016
1104:Saxby & Angelov 2016
2878:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2512:Tiberius II Constantine
750:Byzantine Empire portal
293:nose and tongue cut off
249:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
3033:Michael IX Palaiologos
1374:10.3406/numi.2005.2594
971:Leontius (#4547/corr.)
417:Battle of Sebastopolis
371:Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr
256:Battle of Sebastopolis
3218:Twenty Years' Anarchy
3127:Thessalonian emperors
3121:Trapezuntine emperors
3082:John VIII Palaiologos
3077:Manuel II Palaiologos
3048:John VI Kantakouzenos
2964:Andronikos I Komnenos
2801:Constantine Lekapenos
1829:and empresses regnant
1542:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
1224:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
711:Monastery of Dalmatou
514:Twenty Years' Anarchy
299:Origin and early life
207:15 February 706) was
49:Emperor of the Romans
3065:John VII Palaiologos
3013:Theodore II Laskaris
2873:Constantine X Doukas
2813:Nikephoros II Phokas
801:, none of them used
550:(restored; 2nd term)
251:, to sue for peace.
2996:Theodore I Laskaris
2981:Alexios III Angelos
2959:Alexios II Komnenos
2883:Romanos IV Diogenes
2838:Romanos III Argyros
2784:Romanos I Lekapenos
1583:Ostrogorsky, George
1137:, pp. 116–122.
1021:, pp. 168–169.
1009:, pp. 181–182.
985:, pp. 202–206.
474:factions), and the
435:, and also invaded
433:Exarchate of Africa
313:Christian Settipani
3188:7th-century rebels
3115:Britannic emperors
3109:Palmyrene emperors
3043:John V Palaiologos
2986:Alexios IV Angelos
2935:Constantine Doukas
2930:Alexios I Komnenos
2918:Constantine Doukas
2901:Michael VII Doukas
2863:Michael VI Bringas
2429:Romulus Augustulus
2052:Trebonianus Gallus
2045:Herennius Etruscus
1827:Byzantine emperors
1717:The British Museum
1675:Wellhausen, Julius
1494:Kazhdan, Alexander
1420:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1362:Revue Numismatique
1285:Bacharach, Jere L.
725:Chronicon Altinate
505:Reign and downfall
307:, and possibly of
3253:Executed monarchs
3170:
3169:
3008:John III Vatatzes
2954:Manuel I Komnenos
2693:Michael I Rangabe
2537:
2536:
2379:Petronius Maximus
1978:Severus Alexander
1946:Septimius Severus
1790:
1789:
1781:Succeeded by
1774:Byzantine Emperor
1647:Treadgold, Warren
1638:978-1-317-07693-3
1619:978-0-810-86621-8
1600:978-0-813-51198-6
1533:978-1-138-78761-2
1395:978-1-351-95371-9
1352:978-0-674-05097-6
1324:978-0-521-43093-7
1298:978-9-004-18511-1
1291:. Leiden: Brill.
997:, pp. 89–90.
652:
651:
619:
618:
605:Heraclian dynasty
402:Caucasian Albania
359:Umayyad Caliphate
209:Byzantine emperor
197:
178:
177:
166:
165:
88:Byzantine emperor
16:(Redirected from
3265:
3018:John IV Laskaris
2991:Alexios V Doukas
2976:Isaac II Angelos
2942:John II Komnenos
2868:Isaac I Komnenos
2828:Constantine VIII
2818:John I Tzimiskes
2545:Byzantine Empire
2319:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1764:Preceded by
1754:
1747:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1701:
1692:
1670:
1642:
1623:
1604:
1592:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1565:. Archived from
1551:
1537:
1513:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1454:
1399:
1377:
1356:
1328:
1307:Brubaker, Leslie
1302:
1280:
1277:Houghton Mifflin
1256:
1255:
1215:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1135:Ostrogorsky 1956
1132:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
964:
941:
935:
896:
890:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
821:
812:
806:
795:
789:
774:
752:
747:
746:
745:
672:
644:
637:
630:
614:Isaurian dynasty
597:
596:
515:
509:
483:nose was cut off
458:of the Theme of
353:
350:
287:. After seizing
262:of the Theme of
206:
202:
192:
190:
152:
141:
80:
79:
76:
72:
60:
39:
21:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3103:Gallic emperors
3091:
2779:Constantine VII
2560:Constantine III
2547:
2544:
2533:
2442:
2434:
2373:Valentinian III
2361:Constantius III
2355:Priscus Attalus
2339:Constantine III
2325:
2317:
2207:Valerius Valens
2152:
2144:
1990:
1982:
1941:Didius Julianus
1921:Marcus Aurelius
1838:
1830:
1820:
1786:
1777:
1769:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1695:
1673:
1667:
1645:
1639:
1626:
1620:
1607:
1601:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1554:
1540:
1534:
1516:
1510:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1457:
1402:
1396:
1380:
1368:(161): 93–102.
1359:
1353:
1333:Donner, Fred M.
1331:
1325:
1305:
1299:
1283:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1236:10.2307/1291157
1217:
1216:
1212:
1200:
1196:
1192:, p. 2084.
1188:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1031:Wellhausen 1927
1029:
1025:
1019:Wellhausen 1927
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
965:
944:
936:
899:
891:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
839:
835:
830:
825:
824:
813:
809:
796:
792:
775:
771:
766:
748:
743:
741:
738:
670:
648:
612:
603:
584:
576:
568:
560:
549:
541:
533:
513:
507:
464:Southern Greece
373:instead. Under
351:
301:
268:Southern Greece
143:
142:15 February 706
82:
69:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3062:
3057:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2922:
2898:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2858:Theodora (III)
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2754:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2720:
2708:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Constantine VI
2670:
2665:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Theodosius III
2634:
2629:
2624:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2582:Constantine IV
2579:
2574:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:Eastern Empire
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:Western Empire
2316:
2315:
2308:
2296:Magnus Maximus
2292:
2290:Valentinian II
2287:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2222:Constantius II
2219:
2217:Constantine II
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2085:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Antoninus Pius
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1839:27 BC – AD 235
1832:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:Regnal titles
1756:
1755:
1739:
1733:
1732:External links
1730:
1729:
1728:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1671:
1665:
1643:
1637:
1624:
1618:
1605:
1599:
1579:
1569:on 7 July 2019
1552:
1538:
1532:
1514:
1508:
1496:, ed. (1991).
1490:
1470:
1455:
1416:Kramers, J. H.
1412:Gibb, H. A. R.
1404:Gibb, H. A. R.
1400:
1394:
1382:Garland, Lynda
1378:
1357:
1351:
1329:
1323:
1303:
1297:
1281:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1210:
1194:
1182:
1180:, p. 730.
1170:
1151:
1139:
1120:
1118:, p. 120.
1108:
1093:
1078:
1074:Bacharach 2010
1059:
1047:
1035:
1033:, p. 182.
1023:
1011:
999:
987:
983:Settipani 2006
975:
942:
897:
895:, p. 586.
878:
866:
862:British Museum
854:
852:, p. 610.
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
823:
822:
807:
803:regnal numbers
790:
768:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
754:
753:
737:
734:
703:bubonic plague
664:Constantinople
656:Byzantine army
650:
649:
647:
646:
639:
632:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
607:
593:
592:
588:
587:
586:
585:
582:
580:Theodosius III
577:
574:
569:
566:
561:
558:
557:as co-emperor
551:
547:
542:
539:
534:
531:
523:
522:
518:
517:
506:
503:
493:, a Byzantine
345:Constantine IV
335:Anatolic Theme
300:
297:
289:Constantinople
237:Constantine IV
235:under Emperor
233:Anatolic Theme
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:
158:
148:
147:
145:Constantinople
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
84:
83:
68:coin. Legend:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3270:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3162:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2740:Theodora (II)
2738:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:Constantine V
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Anastasius II
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Theodosius II
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:Valentinian I
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:Constantine I
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:Constantius I
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1718:
1714:
1713:"Leontius II"
1710:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1666:0-8047-2630-2
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:. Routledge.
1630:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:Kennedy, Hugh
1515:
1511:
1509:0-19-504652-8
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1471:0-88402-024-X
1467:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:. Routledge.
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:(in French).
1363:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:Asimov, Isaac
1266:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:, p. 45.
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1106:, p. 27.
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1076:, p. 15.
1075:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1057:, p. 77.
1056:
1051:
1048:
1045:, p. 80.
1044:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
867:
863:
858:
855:
851:
850:Grierson 1993
846:
844:
842:
838:
832:
827:
819:
818:
811:
808:
804:
800:
794:
791:
787:
783:
779:
773:
770:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
740:
735:
733:
731:
727:
726:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:his nose slit
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
688:
683:
679:
676:
667:
665:
661:
657:
645:
640:
638:
633:
631:
626:
625:
623:
622:
615:
611:
608:
606:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
589:
583:715–717
581:
578:
575:713–715
573:
572:Anastasius II
570:
567:711–713
565:
562:
559:706–711
556:
552:
548:705–711
546:
543:
540:698–705
538:
535:
532:695–698
530:
527:
526:
525:
524:
519:
516:
510:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
201:
195:
186:
182:
173:
169:
160:
157:
153:
149:
146:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
67:
66:
59:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3070:Andronikos V
3068:
3051:
2999:
2967:
2945:
2933:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2760:
2743:
2731:
2714:
2702:
2696:
2683:Nikephoros I
2658:
2657:
2651:
2618:
2615:Justinian II
2610:Tiberius III
2604:
2600:Justinian II
2591:
2585:
2568:
2520:
2492:Anastasius I
2483:
2427:
2423:Julius Nepos
2415:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2285:Theodosius I
2272:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2202:Maximinus II
2189:
2091:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2043:
2031:
1964:
1926:Lucius Verus
1784:Tiberius III
1772:
1767:Justinian II
1753:February 706
1750:
1743:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:
1700:(in French).
1697:
1679:
1651:
1628:
1609:
1588:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:the original
1560:
1546:
1522:
1497:
1460:
1442:
1435:
1385:
1365:
1361:
1337:
1314:
1311:Haldon, John
1288:
1272:
1262:Bibliography
1227:
1223:
1213:
1197:
1190:Kazhdan 1991
1185:
1173:
1168:, p. 2.
1166:Garland 2017
1142:
1111:
1091:, p. 2.
1050:
1043:Kennedy 2016
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
995:Kazhdan 1991
990:
978:
869:
857:
815:
810:
799:regnal names
793:
780:, after the
777:
772:
723:
696:
692:Cibyrrhaeots
685:
674:
668:
653:
609:
600:
545:Justinian II
537:Tiberius III
528:
470:(one of the
468:Blue faction
455:
453:
448:
425:North Africa
414:
386:Justinian II
383:
379:Abd al-Malik
377:and his son
363:Second Fitna
356:
338:
328:
319:and general
302:
278:
272:
259:
253:
245:Justinian II
226:
220:
180:
179:
116:Tiberius III
106:Justinian II
63:
47:
36:
3193:660s births
3129:(1224–1242)
3123:(1204–1461)
2912:Konstantios
2789:Christopher
2762:Constantine
2752:Michael III
2733:Constantine
2716:Constantine
2698:Theophylact
2627:Philippicus
2577:Constans II
2502:Justinian I
2398:Severus III
2346:Constans II
2100:Claudius II
2076:Silbannacus
2023:Gordian III
1998:Maximinus I
1966:Diadumenian
1706:Web sources
1432:Pellat, Ch.
1424:Schacht, J.
1116:Asimov 1970
1089:Rosser 2001
1007:Donner 2010
778:Leontius II
694:, emperor.
687:droungarios
610:Followed by
601:Preceded by
564:Philippicus
485:, a common
347:, possibly
343:by Emperor
280:droungarios
225:, and made
174:Lazarus (?)
156:Regnal name
102:Predecessor
3198:706 deaths
3177:Categories
2906:Andronikos
2894:Nikephoros
2843:Michael IV
2808:Romanos II
2728:Theophilos
2723:Michael II
2704:Staurakios
2688:Staurakios
2660:Nikephoros
2653:Artabasdos
2565:Heraclonas
2522:Theodosius
2480:Basiliscus
2240:Nepotianus
2233:Magnentius
2227:Constans I
2180:Severus II
2160:Diocletian
2105:Quintillus
2070:Aemilianus
2063:Volusianus
2008:Gordian II
1973:Elagabalus
1836:Principate
938:Moore 1999
828:References
591:Succession
521:Chronology
479:Callinicus
472:Hippodrome
445:Theophanes
441:Nikephoros
352: 682
217:Asia Minor
3148:Classical
3133:Empresses
3117:(286–296)
3111:(267–273)
3105:(260–274)
2848:Michael V
2774:Alexander
2587:Heraclius
2555:Heraclius
2507:Justin II
2417:Glycerius
2404:Anthemius
2274:Procopius
2212:Martinian
2191:Maxentius
2120:Florianus
2093:Saloninus
2088:Gallienus
2057:Hostilian
2033:Philip II
2003:Gordian I
1951:Caracalla
1886:Vespasian
1881:Vitellius
1740:Leontius
1689:752790641
1480:cite book
1451:495469456
1441:Volume I:
1428:Lewis, B.
1244:0070-7546
1055:Gibb 1960
874:Foss 2005
833:Citations
675:patrikios
456:strategos
449:strategos
340:patrikios
330:strategos
325:patrikios
311:descent.
275:Apsimarus
260:strategos
228:strategos
222:patrikios
194:romanized
112:Successor
3248:Patricii
3143:Usurpers
3138:Augustae
3096:See also
3001:Nicholas
2823:Basil II
2620:Tiberius
2605:Leontius
2593:Tiberius
2570:Tiberius
2548:610–1453
2543:Eastern/
2497:Justin I
2450:Arcadius
2410:Olybrius
2392:Majorian
2333:Honorius
2312:Eugenius
2247:Vetranio
2197:Licinius
2170:Galerius
2165:Maximian
2150:Dominate
2140:Numerian
2110:Aurelian
2083:Valerian
2028:Philip I
2018:Balbinus
2013:Pupienus
1961:Macrinus
1936:Pertinax
1931:Commodus
1896:Domitian
1861:Claudius
1856:Caligula
1851:Tiberius
1846:Augustus
1778:695–698
1722:12 April
1677:(1927).
1649:(1997).
1585:(1956).
1520:(2016).
1434:(eds.).
1406:(1960).
1384:(2017).
1335:(2010).
1313:(2011).
1287:(2010).
1271:(1970).
736:See also
699:Tiberius
555:Tiberius
529:Leontius
437:Anatolia
429:Carthage
375:Marwan I
309:Armenian
285:Carthage
241:Umayyads
200:Leóntios
189:Λεόντιος
181:Leontius
42:Leontius
18:Leontios
3153:Eastern
3053:Matthew
2947:Alexios
2795:Stephen
2757:Basil I
2642:Leo III
2517:Maurice
2460:Marcian
2443:395–610
2367:Joannes
2326:395–480
2280:Gratian
2153:284–610
2135:Carinus
2115:Tacitus
1991:235–285
1911:Hadrian
1746:Unknown
1252:1291157
660:Neorion
497:in the
495:exclave
491:Cherson
431:in the
390:Armenia
333:of the
321:Priscus
305:Isauria
231:of the
213:Isauria
203:; died
196::
130:Isauria
97:695–698
65:solidus
2915:&
2891:&
2798:&
2769:Leo VI
2745:Thekla
2701:&
2668:Leo IV
2590:&
2529:Phocas
2485:Marcus
2470:Leo II
2386:Avitus
2303:Victor
2268:Valens
2258:Jovian
2253:Julian
2125:Probus
2060:&
2040:Decius
1988:Crisis
1906:Trajan
1749:
1687:
1663:
1635:
1616:
1597:
1573:7 July
1530:
1506:
1468:
1449:
1430:&
1392:
1349:
1321:
1295:
1250:
1242:
1230:: 50.
786:Verina
719:Tervel
715:Bulgar
499:Crimea
460:Hellas
410:Cyprus
408:, and
406:Iberia
394:Iberia
317:Phocas
264:Hellas
171:Father
2711:Leo V
2678:Irene
2465:Leo I
2130:Carus
1901:Nerva
1891:Titus
1871:Galba
1823:Roman
1751:Died:
1744:Born:
1410:. In
1248:JSTOR
764:Notes
730:Prote
717:king
682:Crete
671:'
553:with
421:Slavs
398:Media
367:Syria
185:Greek
94:Reign
73:leon
3067:(w.
3050:(w.
2998:(w.
2969:John
2966:(w.
2944:(w.
2932:(w.
2903:(w.
2885:(w.
2786:(w.
2759:(w.
2742:(w.
2730:(w.
2713:(w.
2695:(w.
2656:(w.
2617:(w.
2584:(w.
2567:(w.
2519:(w.
2482:(w.
2475:Zeno
2342:(w.
2299:(w.
2090:(w.
2054:(w.
2042:(w.
2030:(w.
1963:(w.
1956:Geta
1876:Otho
1866:Nero
1825:and
1724:2021
1685:OCLC
1661:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1575:2019
1528:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1486:link
1466:ISBN
1447:OCLC
1390:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1240:ISSN
1202:PmbZ
967:PmbZ
814:The
678:John
443:and
400:and
392:and
354:AD.
277:, a
136:Died
126:Born
2888:Leo
2833:Zoe
2079:(?)
1443:A–B
1370:doi
1232:doi
662:in
462:in
266:in
215:in
162:Leo
3179::
2909:,
2792:,
1715:.
1659:.
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1482:}}
1478:{{
1439:.
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1422:;
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1275:.
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1222:.
1204:,
1154:^
1123:^
1096:^
1081:^
1062:^
969:,
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900:^
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840:^
732:.
501:.
349:c.
205:c.
191:,
187::
140:c.
78:av
75:pe
71:dn
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