2157:. Its habitat consists of lakes and bays with slow currents. The gars grow rapidly when young and continue to grow at a slower rate after reaching adulthood. They are deep green or yellow in color. Recreational fishing of the alligator gar became popular due to its massive size and its meat is sold for food. Over five decades of overfishing have brought it close to extinction, and man-made dams have contributed to this loss by restricting the gar's access to the flood plain areas in which it spawns. Some U.S. states have enacted laws to combat overfishing, and reintroduction programs are being carried out in some states, such as
1388:
which respiration method the gar will use - aerial or aquatic. They increase the aerial breathing rate (breathing air) as the temperature of the water is increased. Gars can live completely submerged in oxygenated water without access to air and remain healthy while also being able to survive in deoxygenated water if allowed access to air. This adaptation can be the result of environmental pressures and behavioral factors. As a result of this organ, they are extremely resilient and able to tolerate conditions that most other fish could not survive.
1206:
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2165:, restrict the number of gar that may be caught in a day, the season in which they may be caught, and the equipment anglers may use to catch them. Some states also impose a minimum length requirement to prevent gar from being caught at too early an age. Scientists have found that the alligator gar can help maintain ecosystem balance by eating invasive species such as the Asian carp, and their success in a particular area can show scientists that area may also make a suitable habitat for other migratory species.
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1453:, often congregating in small groups. They are voracious predators, catching their prey in their needle-like teeth with a sideways strike of the head. They feed extensively on smaller fish and invertebrates such as crabs. Gars are found across much of the eastern portion of North America. Although gars are found primarily in freshwater habitats, several species enter
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529:
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As their vascularised swim bladders can function as lungs, most gars surface periodically to take a gulp of air, doing so more frequently in stagnant or warm water when the concentration of oxygen in the water is low. Experiments on the swim bladder has shown that the temperature of the water affects
2409:
has a longer, narrower, more cylindrical body, and can be distinguished from other species of gar by its snout, which is more than twice the length of the rest of its head. It can reach up to 6 feet and 8 inches in length and weigh up to 35–80 pounds. Like the shortnose gar, it has only a single row
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which is highly toxic to humans. The protein can be denatured when brought to a temperature of 120 degrees
Celsius, but as the roe's temperature does not typically reach that level when it is cooked, even cooked roe causes severe symptoms. It was once thought that the production of the toxin in gar
1412:
while still having some of its own characteristics. Gars have a postcleithrun - which is a bone that is lateral to the scapula, but do not have postpectorals. Proximally to the postcleithrum, the supracleithrum is important as it plays a critical role in opening the gar's jaws. This structure has a
2519:
Several species are traded as aquarium fish. The hard ganoid scales of gars are sometimes used to make jewelry whereas the tough skin is used to make such items as lamp shades. Historically, Native
Americans used gar scales as arrowheads, native Caribbeans used the skin for breastplates, and early
633:
inhabited a marine environment unlike modern gars, indicating that gars may have originally been marine fish prior to invading freshwater habitats before the Early
Cretaceous. Although most succeeding gar fossils are known from freshwater environments, at least some marine gars are known to have
2250:
is a smaller species of gar, measuring just under four feet long and weighing 15 pounds on average. Like
Florida gars, female spotted gars are typically larger than male spotted gars. This gar has dark spots covering its head, body, and fins. Its body is compact, and it has a shorter snout. It
669:
had already diverged by the end of the Early
Cretaceous, about 105 million years ago. From western North America, gars dispersed to regions as disparate as Africa, India, South America and Europe, and fossil remains of gars were widespread worldwide by the end of the Cretaceous.
2212:. Uneven black spots cover its head, body, and fins. Green-brown scales run along the back of its body, and the scales on its underbelly are white or yellow. This coloration, which blends well with the gar's surroundings, allows it to ambush its prey. The Florida gar has no
1413:
unique internal coracoid lamina only present in the gar species. Near the supracleithrum is the posttemporal bone, which is significantly smaller than other actinopterygians. Gars also have no clavicle bone, although elongated plates have been observed within the area.
1336:
Fossils indicate that gars formerly had a wider distribution, having been found on every continent except
Australia and Antarctica. Living gars are confined to North America. The distribution of the gars in North America lies mainly in the shallow,
2520:
American pioneers covered the blades of their plows with gar skin. It is suspected that gars have an unusually strong DNA repair apparatus. If confirmed by further studies, it could be used in medical treatments against human diseases like cancer.
461:
is now more commonly referred to as the "garfish" or "gar fish" to avoid confusion with the North
American gars of the family Lepisosteidae. Confusingly, the name "garfish" is also commonly used for a number of other species of the related genera
1341:
waters off of Texas, Louisiana, and the eastern coast of Mexico, as well as in some of the rivers and lakes that flow into them. A few populations are also present in the Great Lakes region of the United States, living in similar shallow waters.
1437:) is the largest. The largest alligator gar ever caught and officially recorded was 8 ft 5 in (2.6 m) long, weighed 327 lb (148 kg), and was 47 in (120 cm) around the girth. Even the smaller species, such as
431:) is the largest; the alligator gar often grows to a length over 2 m (6.5 ft) and a weight over 45 kg (100 lb), and specimens of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length have been reported. Unusually, their vascularised
2410:
of teeth. Unlike its relatives, it enters brackish water from time to time. Females are larger and live longer than the male longnose gar. Females live 22 years, and males about half as long. There are spots on the head,
588:, over 240 million years ago. Because they have the slowest known rate of molecular evolution among all jawed vertebrates, it has also slowed down their rate of speciation. The closest living relatives of gars are the
3743:
2830:
2161:, where human activity has extirpated the gar. Before being released, each gar must meet a length requirement to ensure that it has the best chance of survival in the wild. Some states, such as
435:
can function as lungs, and most gars surface periodically to take a gulp of air. Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans, but gar eggs are highly toxic.
1404:
The gar has paired pectoral fins and pelvic fins, as well as an anal fin, a caudal fin, and a dorsal fin. The bone structures within the fins are important to study as they can show
2503:
fed the roe were not immune to the toxin, and most died. The roe's toxicities to humans and crayfish may be coincidences, however, and not the result of explicit natural selection.
2430:
and in between are black. These types of gar are occasionally fished by locals, and blamed for eating other fish in the rivers. The longnose gar has a large range of territory in
2348:. It prefers to live in lakes, swamps, and calm pools. The shortnose gar takes its name from its snout, which is shorter and broader than that of other gar species. Like the
2125:), can measure up to 10 feet long and weigh over 300 pounds. Its body and snout are wide and stocky, and it was named "alligator gar" because locals often mistook it for an
4219:
Ostrand, Kenneth G.; Thies, Monte L.; Hall, Darrell D.; Carpenter, Mark (1996). "Gar ichthyootoxin: Its effect on natural predators and the toxin's evolutionary function".
3751:
3463:
Gene trees, species trees, and morphology converge on a similar phylogeny of living gars (Actinopterygii: Holostei: Lepisosteidae), an ancient clade of ray-finned fishes.
3936:
5508:
5390:
5168:
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Not much is known about the precise function of the gar in Native
American religion and culture other than the ritual "garfish dances" that have been performed by
4340:
5194:
2834:
674:
3611:
5364:
5142:
4411:
3002:
4246:
5403:
5181:
2426:, the longnose gar comes in two colors. In clear water, they're a dark deep green color. In muddy waters, it is more brown in color. Edges of the
3815:
2352:, it has one row of teeth. The upper jaw is longer than the rest of its head. The shortnose gar is deep green or brown in color, similar to the
4047:
2251:
prefers to live in clearer shallow water with a depth of 3–5 meters, and to surround itself in foliage. Its habitat ranges from the waters of
5513:
4363:
4318:
2875:
3023:"Phylogenomics of the Ancient and Species-Depauperate Gars Tracks 150 Million Years of Continental Fragmentation in the Northern Hemisphere"
2368:. The shortnose gar has a lifespan of 20 years, reaches up to 5 pounds in weight, and grows to lengths of 24–35 inches. It consumes more
4272:
Fuhrman, Frederick A.; Fuhrman, Geraldine J.; Dull, David L.; Mosher, Harry S. (1969-05-01). "Toxins from eggs of fishes and amphibia".
4163:
3482:(actinopterygii, lepisosteidae) in the early Campanien of Ventabren (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Paleobiogeographical implications".
3450:
3434:
3239:
1878:
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Gars tend to be slow-moving fish except when striking at their prey. They prefer the shallow and weedy areas of rivers, lakes, and
3068:"A Late Cretaceous marine long snout "pejelagarto" fish (Lepisosteidae, Lepisosteini) from Múzquiz, Coahuila, northeastern Mexico"
5498:
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562:
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5186:
2782:
2061:
1829:
732:
4404:
3157:
154:
4129:
4101:
5325:
5103:
3255:
Renfro, Larry; Hill, Loren (1970). "Factors
Influencing the Aerial Breathing and Metabolism of Gars (Lepisosteus)".
3547:
3066:
Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Brito, Paulo M.; Porras-Múzquiz, Héctor
Gerardo; Mújica-Monroy, Irene Heidi (2016-01-01).
2216:
on its throat. Female Florida gars grow to lengths between 13 and 34 inches, bigger than their male counterparts.
5199:
3364:
Malcolm, Jollie (1984). "Development of Cranial and Pectoral Girdle Bones of Lepisosteus with a Note on Scales".
3182:
30:
This article is about North American freshwater fish of the family Lepisosteidae, not to be confused with marine
5518:
2709:
2506:
2260:
2074:
1901:
1891:
1624:
1533:
3714:
2208:, and prefers muddy or sandy bottoms with bountiful vegetation. It is commonly confused with its cousin, the
4397:
2056:
1979:
1679:
3619:
1964:
1555:
1205:
921:
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filled with long, sharp teeth. Gars are sometimes referred to as "garpike", but are not closely related to
5493:
5043:
2855:
2499:
fed gar eggs in experiments remained healthy, even though they are the natural predators of the gar eggs.
2079:
1842:
1838:
533:
5330:
3851:
3672:
2762:
2005:
1990:
1461:, are sometimes found in the sea. Some gars travel from lakes and rivers through sewers to get to ponds.
5429:
5220:
3337:
3118:"A new fully marine, short-snouted lepisosteid gar from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) of North Africa"
1996:
1949:
1914:
1509:
658:
388:, though extinct members of the family were more widespread. They are the only surviving members of the
5293:
5108:
4949:
4250:
5447:
5238:
4974:
4929:
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5470:
5351:
5302:
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4192:
3823:
3129:
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2600:
2205:
2019:
1897:
1872:
1862:
1607:
1550:
679:
39:
4999:
4055:
3502:
3022:
1441:, are large, commonly reaching lengths of over 60 cm (2.0 ft), and sometimes much longer.
4959:
4944:
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1328:
4964:
2879:
1421:
5081:
4899:
4824:
4778:
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4228:
3381:
3307:
3272:
2280:
2037:
2024:
1657:
1405:
149:
3991:
3690:
2907:"Earliest known lepisosteoid extends the range of anatomically modern gars to the Late Jurassic"
1396:
5434:
5225:
4018:
3953:
3206:
2555:
677:, although they remained restricted to North America and Europe after this point. One species (
5416:
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5207:
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4601:
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4353:
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4308:
4289:
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2142:
728:
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of Africa and South America, which likely diverged from the ancestors of true gars during the
5173:
3912:
3744:"Conservation of Ancient Fishes: Reintroducing the Alligator Gar; and What About Those Carp?"
3021:
Brownstein, Chase Doran; Yang, Liandong; Friedman, Matt; Near, Thomas J. (20 December 2022).
2733:
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2524:
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1685:
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1091:
799:
692:
617:
608:
354:
264:
219:
4389:
2796:
2654:"Microstructural and geometric influences in the protective scales of Atractosteus spatula"
719:
show a similar initial distribution and eventual contraction, but both genera dispersed to
5014:
4954:
4914:
4854:
4811:
4690:
4382:
3350:
2652:
Sherman, Vincent R.; Yaraghi, Nicholas A.; Kisailus, David; Meyers, Marc A. (2016-12-01).
2496:
2467:
2390:
2256:
635:
585:
377:
350:
5307:
3290:
Hill, Loren (1972). "Social Aspects of Aerial Respiration of Young Gars (Lepisosteus)".
3133:
3083:
2922:
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2230:
4894:
4869:
4839:
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4748:
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885:
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309:
244:
229:
196:
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throughout the fossil record. Specifically, the pelvic girdle resembles that of other
695:, indicating a rapid recovery of freshwater ecosystems. Two short-snouted gar genera,
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4879:
4859:
4834:
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4452:
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130:
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4458:
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2483:
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2272:
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1824:
1768:
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1117:
916:
832:
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432:
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326:
274:
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2225:
2209:
2192:
2174:
2085:
2030:
1935:
1249:
974:
747:
The following phylogeny of extant and fossil gar genera was found by Brownstein
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416:
361:
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63:
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319:
209:
108:
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35:
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4355:
Season of the Gar: Adventures in Pursuit of America's Most Misunderstood Fish
4293:
3116:
Cooper, S. L. A.; Gunn, J.; Brito, P. M.; Zouhri, S.; Martill, D. M. (2023).
3099:
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2989:
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2677:
2620:
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4768:
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4137:
3503:"Newly-Discovered Giant Gar Species Survived Dinosaur Extinction | Sci.News"
3372:(2). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH): 476–502.
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1907:
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roe was an evolutionary adaptation to provide protection for the eggs, but
17:
3911:
Givinsky, Lana Hall; Thomas Meade; Drew Paulette; Josh Albert; Stephanie.
396:, over 240 million years ago, and are one of only two surviving groups of
5317:
5272:
5060:
4884:
4874:
4715:
4526:
4440:
2964:"A Hiatus Obscures the Early Evolution of Modern Lineages of Bony Fishes"
2767:
2500:
2492:
2455:
2419:
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than any other gar, and their stomachs have been found to contain higher
2365:
2357:
2158:
2134:
1763:
1454:
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prior to their disappearance from western North America and Europe, with
703:
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420:
397:
393:
284:
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103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
4285:
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2612:
691:, with one fossil specimen dated to just a few thousand years after the
360:. They comprise seven living species of fish in two genera that inhabit
4654:
4550:
3478:
Cavin, Lionel; Martin, Michel; Valentin, Xavier (1996). "Occurrence of
3385:
3311:
3276:
2439:
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2337:
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2284:
2201:
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in western North America and Europe, but disappear shortly afterwards.
651:
566:
546:
118:
93:
31:
4341:
Ancient Fish Boast Slowest Molecular Evolution Among Jawed Vertebrates
1350:
5382:
5160:
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2443:
2154:
708:
626:
538:
401:
176:
5369:
5147:
5037:
3377:
3303:
3268:
2574:
Sterba, G: Freshwater Fishes of the World, p. 609, Vista Books, 1962
2291:, its main predator. These smaller gar live an average of 18 years.
528:
2905:
Paulo M. Brito; Jésus Alvarado-Ortega; François J. Meunier (2017).
5442:
5233:
2505:
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2229:
2178:
2162:
2130:
2106:
1450:
1420:
1395:
1349:
1327:
486:
2356:. Depending on the clarity of water, spots can be present on the
3445:
Monks N. (editor): Brackish Water Fishes, pp 322–324. TFH 2006,
3158:"Atractosteus spatula :: Florida Museum of Natural History"
2146:
453:) found in the North Atlantic and likely took its name from the
381:
5041:
4393:
3230:
Wiley, Edward G. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
4583:
2479:
1368:
412:
5356:
5134:
3612:"Alligator Gars, Alligator Gar Pictures, Alligator Gar Facts"
1469:
The gar family contains seven extant species, in two genera:
572:
Gars are considered to be the only surviving members of the
407:
Gars have elongated bodies that are heavily armored with
3465:
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63 (2012) 848–856
2118:
The largest member of the gar family, the alligator gar
1400:
Medial and lateral view of Lepisosteidae pectoral girdle
2587:
López-Arbarello, Adriana; Sferco, Emilia (March 2018).
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
3954:"Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) - Species Profile"
3207:"Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) - Species Profile"
592:, with the gars and bowfin together forming the clade
584:. The oldest known ginglymodians appeared during the
423:. All of the gars are relatively large fish, but the
4249:. Environment.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from
3461:
Jeremy J. Wright, Solomon R. David, Thomas J. Near:
731:. Eastern North America has since served as a vital
443:
The name "gar" was originally used for a species of
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2376:content than any other native North American fish.
1039:A slightly different phylogeny was found by Cooper
508:is similarly derived from Greek, in this case from
392:, a clade of fish which first appeared during the
4310:The international wildlife encyclopedia, Volume 9
3820:Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission
1429:All the gars are relatively large fish, but the
4130:"Gar - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation"
1371:filled with long, sharp teeth. Their tails are
1363:Gar bodies are elongated, heavily armored with
607:, an extinct group of gar-like fishes from the
2728:
2726:
4405:
4124:
4122:
3234:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 78–79.
3111:
3109:
3003:The genomic signatures of evolutionary stasis
603:The closest extinct relatives of gar are the
38:of the family Belonidae. For other uses, see
8:
3935:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
739:undergoing a diversification throughout it.
644:known from Mexico and the definitely marine
2783:"Did You Know That Gar Eggs Make You Sick?"
5038:
4556:
4522:
4493:
4412:
4398:
4390:
4274:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2589:"Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay"
1746:Brito, Alvarado-Ortega & Meunier, 2017
673:Several different gar genera survived the
129:
46:
3992:"Lepisosteus platostomus (Shortnose gar)"
3852:"FAMILY Details for Lepisosteidae - Gars"
3421:
3419:
3417:
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2979:
2938:
2685:
2628:
615:. The oldest anatomically modern gar is
551:
527:
4307:Burton, Maurice; Robert Burton (2002).
4048:"Longnose Gar | Chesapeake Bay Program"
3542:
3402:. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department
2540:
5509:Extant Late Jurassic first appearances
4158:
4156:
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4019:"Lepisosteus platostomus summary page"
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3646:"Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula)"
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3400:"Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula)"
3346:
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2734:"Atractosteus spatula - Alligator gar"
2658:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
404:, which have a similar distribution.
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3571:
3569:
3567:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
1367:, and fronted by similarly elongated
727:also dispersing further south to the
675:Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event
411:, and fronted by similarly elongated
7:
5448:769F46DE-C34B-5777-99C6-27E0384F68ED
5239:E17A4F2C-FFCC-FFC6-FF68-4B33FE2FFD8A
4358:. U of Arkansas P. pp. 118–19.
3913:"Lepisosteus oculatus (Spotted gar)"
3748:National Geographic Society Newsroom
3183:"Lepisosteus oculatus (Spotted gar)"
2753:
2751:
2749:
2582:
2580:
2478:The flesh of gar is edible, but its
687:) is the oldest known animal of the
596:; both lineages diverged during the
4313:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 929.
3579:"Atractosteus spatula summary page"
2712:. Florida Museum of Natural History
1649:
1599:
1592:
1525:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1192:
1185:
1159:
1134:
1107:
1082:
1056:
1046:
908:
901:
876:
823:
815:
790:
764:
754:
4164:"National Aquarium | Longnose Gar"
2153:, and the southern drainages into
25:
2287:. It shares its habitat with the
661:throughout the Early Cretaceous.
2267:along the northern coast of the
1849:(Arambourg & Joleaud, 1943)
1684:
1661:
1554:
1253:
1204:
978:
920:
629:, around 157 million years old.
153:
3715:"Who Fishes for Alligator Gar?"
3548:"How to Identify Alligator Gar"
3507:Sci.News: Breaking Science News
2831:"Common Names of Belone belone"
1457:waters and a few, most notably
419:, which are in the fish family
3677:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
3501:Prostak, Sergio (2022-08-16).
3429:: Jurassic Fishes. TFH, 1994,
2129:. The species can be found in
1:
3143:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105650
3092:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.009
2556:"Family Lepisosteidae - Gars"
2510:A gar leaps out of the water.
5514:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
3750:. 2016-08-08. Archived from
3618:. 2009-12-15. Archived from
1757:Micklich & Kappert, 2001
4221:The Southwestern Naturalist
3881:"Toronto Zoo | Florida gar"
3292:The Southwestern Naturalist
3257:The Southwestern Naturalist
2917:(1): Article number 17830.
1425:Fin chart for shortnose gar
1332:Distribution of living gars
683:, a relative of the modern
5535:
3788:"Lepisosteus platyrhincus"
2968:Frontiers in Earth Science
2931:10.1038/s41598-017-17984-w
2593:Royal Society Open Science
2383:
2298:
2223:
2172:
2100:
1465:Species and identification
29:
4429:
3162:www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu
2981:10.3389/feart.2020.618853
2876:"Genera reference detail"
2856:"Genera reference detail"
1867:(Brownstein, Lyson, 2022)
1676:
1654:
1647:
1621:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1547:
1530:
1523:
1506:
1499:
1489:
1475:Cladogram of living gars
1246:
1219:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1164:
1157:
1139:
1132:
1113:
1105:
1087:
1080:
1061:
1054:
971:
935:
913:
906:
899:
881:
874:
846:
828:
821:
813:
795:
788:
769:
762:
638:, with the likely marine
621:from the Upper Jurassic (
257:
252:
150:Scientific classification
148:
137:
128:
49:
2761:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2261:Mississippi River System
2193:Lepisosteus platyrhincus
2184:Lepisosteus platyrhincus
2075:Lepisosteus platyrhincus
1892:Atractosteus tristoechus
1459:Atractosteus tristoechus
1354:Large gar in an aquarium
349:are an ancient group of
5499:Fish of Central America
3325:Becker, George (1983).
2771:. January 2009 version.
2326:Mississippi River Basin
2320:Lepisosteus platostomus
2311:Lepisosteus platostomus
2057:Lepisosteus platostomus
1818:Cavin & Brito, 2001
1379:are close to the tail.
580:that flourished in the
4352:Spitzer, Mark (2010).
3484:Revue de Paléobiologie
3480:Atractosteus africanus
3345:Cite journal requires
3232:Encyclopedia of Fishes
3039:10.1093/sysbio/syac080
2962:Romano, Carlo (2021).
2763:"Family Lepisosteidae"
2710:"Atractosteus spatula"
2670:10.1098/rsif.2016.0595
2515:Significance to humans
2511:
2398:
2314:
2239:
2196:) can be found in the
2186:
2115:
2113:(Atractosteus spatula)
1980:Lepisosteus fimbriatus
1426:
1401:
1355:
1333:
569:
549:
5504:Fish of North America
5430:Paleobiology Database
5221:Paleobiology Database
4052:www.chesapeakebay.net
3695:www.ifishillinois.org
3691:"Fishing in Illinois"
3327:"Fishes of Wisconsin"
2509:
2393:
2308:
2233:
2182:
2110:
1965:Lepisosteus cominatoi
1915:Atractosteus tropicus
1424:
1399:
1353:
1331:
721:eastern North America
707:, are known from the
659:western North America
561:, an Eocene gar from
555:
531:
4384:Family Lepisosteidae
4102:"Lepisosteus osseus"
3996:Animal Diversity Web
3917:Animal Diversity Web
3187:Animal Diversity Web
2797:"Gar eggs are toxic"
2396:(Lepisosteus osseus)
2246:Lepisosteus oculatus
2236:Lepisosteus oculatus
2122:Atractosteus spatula
2020:Lepisosteus oculatus
1873:Atractosteus spatula
1863:Atractosteus grandei
1439:Lepisosteus oculatus
1435:Atractosteus spatula
680:Atractosteus grandei
657:Gars diversified in
534:Atractosteus strausi
524:Evolutionary history
500:meaning "scale" and
429:Atractosteus spatula
400:fish, alongside the
142:Lepisosteus oculatus
40:Gar (disambiguation)
4683:Protacanthopterygii
4673:Lepidogalaxiiformes
4286:10.1021/jf60163a043
4197:MDC Discover Nature
3616:National Geographic
3134:2023CrRes.15105650C
3122:Cretaceous Research
3084:2016CrRes..57...19A
3072:Cretaceous Research
2923:2017NatSR...717830B
2613:10.1098/rsos.172337
2605:2018RSOS....572337L
2422:. Depending on the
2317:The shortnose gar (
2006:Lepisosteus opertus
1991:Lepisosteus indicus
634:persisted into the
368:, and occasionally
4900:Cyprinodontiformes
4825:Trachichthyiformes
4779:Paracanthopterygii
4630:Alepocephaliformes
4424:orders by subclass
4253:on January 9, 2011
3885:www.torontozoo.com
3754:on January 8, 2018
3622:on October 3, 2018
3027:Systematic Biology
2911:Scientific Reports
2512:
2405:Lepisosteus osseus
2399:
2315:
2281:Apalachicola River
2279:east to the lower
2240:
2187:
2116:
2038:Lepisosteus osseus
1950:Lepisosteus bemisi
1427:
1402:
1356:
1334:
570:
550:
457:word for "spear".
5481:
5480:
5417:Open Tree of Life
5208:Open Tree of Life
5044:Taxon identifiers
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
4995:Tetraodontiformes
4950:Chaetodontiformes
4885:Pleuronectiformes
4840:Batrachoidiformes
4602:Osteoglossiformes
4594:Osteoglossomorpha
4365:978-1-55728-929-2
4320:978-0-7614-7266-7
4168:National Aquarium
2664:(125): 20160595.
2401:The Longnose gar
2198:Ocklockonee river
2143:Mississippi River
2083:
2065:
2047:
2028:
2015:
2000:
1985:
1974:
1959:
1944:
1923:
1905:
1882:
1868:
1850:
1833:
1819:
1808:
1793:
1772:
1758:
1747:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1636:
1635:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1235:
1234:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
960:
959:
862:
861:
344:
343:
248:
16:(Redirected from
5526:
5474:
5473:
5461:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5438:
5437:
5425:
5424:
5412:
5411:
5399:
5398:
5386:
5385:
5373:
5372:
5360:
5359:
5347:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5321:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5308:Lepisosteiformes
5298:
5297:
5296:
5294:Lepisosteiformes
5283:
5282:
5281:
5264:Lepisosteiformes
5255:
5254:
5242:
5241:
5229:
5228:
5216:
5215:
5203:
5202:
5190:
5189:
5177:
5176:
5164:
5163:
5151:
5150:
5138:
5137:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5111:
5099:
5098:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5039:
5005:Centrarchiformes
4980:Priacanthiformes
4975:Scatophagiformes
4930:Uranoscopiformes
4875:Istiophoriformes
4865:Synbranchiformes
4830:Holocentriformes
4797:Stylephoriformes
4749:Ateleopodiformes
4635:Gonorynchiformes
4579:Notacanthiformes
4557:
4553:
4535:Lepisosteiformes
4523:
4519:
4506:Acipenseriformes
4494:
4490:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4391:
4370:
4369:
4349:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4170:. Archived from
4160:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4136:. Archived from
4126:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4098:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4054:. Archived from
4044:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4015:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3990:Bradburn, Mark.
3987:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3877:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3848:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3822:. Archived from
3812:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3784:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3740:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3608:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3575:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3544:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3475:
3469:
3459:
3453:
3443:
3437:
3423:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3018:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2983:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2902:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2878:. Archived from
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2833:. Archived from
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2799:. 22 April 2010.
2793:
2787:
2786:
2785:. 22 April 2010.
2779:
2773:
2772:
2755:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2584:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2324:is found in the
2242:The spotted gar
2189:The Florida gar
2078:
2060:
2041:
2023:
2009:
1994:
1983:
1968:
1953:
1939:
1918:
1895:
1876:
1866:
1848:
1828:
1817:
1802:
1788:Alvarado-Ortega
1787:
1767:
1756:
1745:
1742:Nhanulepisosteus
1689:
1688:
1665:
1650:
1600:
1593:
1558:
1526:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1410:actinopterygians
1257:
1208:
1193:
1186:
1160:
1135:
1108:
1092:Nhanulepisosteus
1083:
1057:
1047:
982:
924:
909:
902:
877:
824:
816:
800:Nhanulepisosteus
791:
765:
755:
693:Chicxulub impact
631:Nhanulepisosteus
618:Nhanulepisosteus
609:Early Cretaceous
504:meaning "bone".
317:
307:
297:
282:
272:
265:Nhanulepisosteus
262:
243:
220:Lepisosteiformes
158:
157:
133:
123:
60:
53:Temporal range:
47:
27:Family of fishes
21:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5519:Freshwater fish
5484:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5469:
5464:
5456:
5454:
5446:
5441:
5433:
5428:
5420:
5415:
5407:
5402:
5394:
5389:
5381:
5376:
5368:
5363:
5355:
5350:
5342:
5337:
5329:
5324:
5316:
5314:
5306:
5301:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5258:
5250:
5245:
5237:
5232:
5224:
5219:
5211:
5206:
5198:
5193:
5185:
5180:
5172:
5167:
5159:
5154:
5146:
5141:
5133:
5128:
5120:
5115:
5107:
5102:
5094:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5046:
5036:
5019:
5015:Scorpaeniformes
4955:Acanthuriformes
4915:Gobiesociformes
4855:Syngnathiformes
4812:Acanthopterygii
4806:
4773:
4769:Polymixiiformes
4733:
4710:
4691:Argentiniformes
4677:
4659:
4611:
4588:
4549:
4544:
4515:
4510:
4486:
4481:
4477:Polypteriformes
4463:
4425:
4418:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4201:
4199:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4177:
4175:
4162:
4161:
4152:
4143:
4141:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4070:
4061:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4025:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3958:nas.er.usgs.gov
3952:
3951:
3944:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3898:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3858:
3856:www.fishbase.in
3850:
3849:
3838:
3829:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3766:
3757:
3755:
3742:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3699:
3697:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3673:"Alligator Gar"
3671:
3670:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3623:
3610:
3609:
3596:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3460:
3456:
3444:
3440:
3424:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3378:10.2307/1445204
3363:
3362:
3358:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3304:10.2307/3670060
3289:
3288:
3284:
3269:10.2307/3670201
3254:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3215:
3213:
3211:nas.er.usgs.gov
3205:
3204:
3200:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3167:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3001:
2997:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2904:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2542:
2537:
2517:
2497:channel catfish
2476:
2468:northern Mexico
2388:
2382:
2309:Shortnose gar (
2303:
2297:
2265:river drainages
2257:Lake Erie Basin
2228:
2222:
2177:
2171:
2105:
2099:
1902:J. G. Schneider
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1683:
1637:
1625:L. platyrhincus
1577:
1568:
1467:
1447:
1419:
1394:
1392:Pectoral girdle
1385:
1361:
1348:
1326:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1236:
1111:Masillosteinae
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
961:
863:
745:
735:for gars, with
636:Late Cretaceous
586:Middle Triassic
526:
521:
493:comes from the
441:
378:Central America
351:ray-finned fish
242:
152:
139:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
51:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5486:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5462:
5452:
5439:
5426:
5413:
5400:
5387:
5374:
5361:
5348:
5335:
5322:
5312:
5299:
5284:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5243:
5230:
5217:
5204:
5191:
5178:
5165:
5152:
5139:
5126:
5113:
5100:
5087:
5072:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
5000:Pempheriformes
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4895:Atheriniformes
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Anabantiformes
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4787:Percopsiformes
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4759:Myctophiformes
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4740:incertae sedis
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4607:Hiodontiformes
4604:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4584:Anguilliformes
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4491:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4422:Actinopterygii
4419:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4378:
4377:External links
4375:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4344:
4333:
4319:
4299:
4280:(3): 417–424.
4264:
4238:
4227:(4): 375–377.
4208:
4193:"Longnose Gar"
4184:
4150:
4134:www.dec.ny.gov
4118:
4106:Florida Museum
4068:
4034:
4007:
3969:
3942:
3896:
3867:
3836:
3804:
3792:Florida Museum
3764:
3730:
3719:tpwd.texas.gov
3706:
3682:
3661:
3650:tpwd.texas.gov
3632:
3594:
3563:
3552:tpwd.texas.gov
3518:
3493:
3470:
3454:
3438:
3413:
3391:
3356:
3347:|journal=
3317:
3298:(3): 239–247.
3282:
3247:
3240:
3222:
3198:
3174:
3149:
3105:
3058:
3033:(1): 213–227.
3006:
2995:
2954:
2892:
2867:
2847:
2822:
2802:
2788:
2774:
2759:Froese, Rainer
2745:
2722:
2701:
2644:
2576:
2567:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2516:
2513:
2475:
2472:
2436:Gulf of Mexico
2384:Main article:
2381:
2378:
2299:Main article:
2296:
2293:
2269:Gulf of Mexico
2224:Main article:
2221:
2218:
2173:Main article:
2170:
2167:
2151:Missouri river
2111:Alligator gar
2101:Main article:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2071:
2053:
2034:
2016:
2001:
1986:
1975:
1960:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1911:
1888:
1869:
1858:
1820:
1809:
1794:
1784:Herreraichthys
1773:
1759:
1748:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1680:L. platostomus
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:A. tristoechus
1529:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1463:
1446:
1443:
1418:
1415:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1360:
1357:
1347:
1344:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1130:Lepisosteinae
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1051:Lepisosteoidea
1045:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
958:
957:
954:
953:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
912:
907:
905:
900:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
886:Herreraichthys
880:
875:
873:
869:
868:
865:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
827:
822:
820:
814:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
794:
789:
787:
781:
780:
777:
776:
768:
763:
761:
759:Lepisosteoidea
753:
744:
741:
641:Herreraichthys
525:
522:
520:
517:
478:of the family
440:
437:
342:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
330:
323:
313:
310:Herreraichthys
303:
288:
278:
268:
255:
254:
250:
249:
237:
233:
232:
230:Lepisosteoidea
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
197:Actinopterygii
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
146:
145:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
61:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5531:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:Lepisosteidae
5492:
5491:
5489:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5253:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5096:Lepisosteidae
5092:
5088:
5083:
5082:Lepisosteidae
5077:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5052:Lepisosteidae
5049:
5045:
5040:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Lutjaniformes
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:Ephippiformes
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Blenniiformes
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4880:Carangiformes
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Scombriformes
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Ophidiiformes
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:Salmoniformes
4699:
4697:
4696:Galaxiiformes
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4665:Lepidogalaxii
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:Gymnotiformes
4648:
4646:
4645:Characiformes
4643:
4641:
4640:Cypriniformes
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:Gnathostomata
4450:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4367:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4322:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4265:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4174:on 2019-08-03
4173:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4140:on 2019-08-03
4139:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4058:on 2022-03-23
4057:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3826:on 2019-08-03
3825:
3821:
3817:
3816:"Florida Gar"
3811:
3809:
3805:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:0-7938-0564-3
3448:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3435:0-7938-0086-2
3432:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3339:
3328:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3241:0-12-547665-5
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2882:on 2016-10-06
2881:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2837:on 2007-10-19
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:(3): 172337.
2598:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2488:protein toxin
2485:
2481:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:Lake Superior
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:. Located in
2437:
2433:
2432:North America
2429:
2428:ganoid scales
2425:
2424:water clarity
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2397:
2394:Longnose gar
2392:
2387:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:invertebrates
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:alligator gar
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:Shortnose gar
2295:Shortnose gar
2294:
2292:
2290:
2289:alligator gar
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:Lake Michigan
2249:
2247:
2237:
2234:Spotted gar (
2232:
2227:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2214:ganoid scales
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2103:Alligator gar
2097:Alligator gar
2096:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:shortnose gar
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:alligator gar
1880:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:Grandemarinus
1795:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:Lepisosteidae
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1486:Lepisosteidae
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:alligator gar
1423:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:ganoid scales
1358:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1181:Lepisosteini
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:Grandemarinus
1162:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1077:Lepisosteidae
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:Obaichthyidae
1059:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
983:
981:
977:
976:
969:
968:
965:
964:
956:
955:
952:
950:
946:
942:
941:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
923:
919:
918:
911:
910:
904:
903:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
887:
879:
878:
872:Lepisosteini
871:
870:
867:
866:
858:
857:
854:
853:
852:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
834:
826:
825:
818:
817:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
801:
793:
792:
786:
785:Lepisosteidae
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
773:Obaichthyidae
767:
766:
760:
757:
756:
752:
750:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
700:
699:
694:
690:
686:
685:alligator gar
682:
681:
676:
671:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
648:
647:Grandemarinus
643:
642:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:
614:
613:Late Jurassic
610:
606:
605:Obaichthyidae
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:, a group of
575:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
548:
544:
541:gar from the
540:
536:
535:
530:
523:
518:
516:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
466:
460:
459:Belone belone
456:
452:
451:
450:Belone belone
446:
438:
436:
434:
433:swim bladders
430:
426:
425:alligator gar
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:ganoid scales
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:North America
371:
370:marine waters
367:
363:
359:
358:Lepisosteidae
356:
352:
348:
336:
335:
331:
329:
328:
324:
322:
321:
314:
312:
311:
304:
302:
301:
300:Grandemarinus
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
286:
279:
277:
276:
269:
267:
266:
259:
258:
256:
251:
246:
241:
240:Lepisosteidae
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
226:Superfamily:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
147:
143:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
58:
57:Late Jurassic
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5263:
5051:
4990:Lophiiformes
4985:Caproiformes
4965:Lobotiformes
4940:Moroniformes
4925:Gerreiformes
4910:Mugiliformes
4905:Beloniformes
4890:Cichliformes
4820:Beryciformes
4764:Lampriformes
4754:Aulopiformes
4738:
4729:Stomiiformes
4724:Osmeriformes
4655:Siluriformes
4625:Clupeiformes
4574:Albuliformes
4459:Osteichthyes
4451:Infraphylum
4383:
4354:
4347:
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4309:
4302:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:the original
4241:
4224:
4220:
4200:. Retrieved
4196:
4187:
4176:. Retrieved
4172:the original
4167:
4142:. Retrieved
4138:the original
4133:
4110:. Retrieved
4108:. 2017-05-10
4105:
4060:. Retrieved
4056:the original
4051:
4026:. Retrieved
4022:
3999:. Retrieved
3995:
3961:. Retrieved
3957:
3920:. Retrieved
3916:
3888:. Retrieved
3884:
3859:. Retrieved
3855:
3828:. Retrieved
3824:the original
3819:
3796:. Retrieved
3794:. 2017-05-10
3791:
3756:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3747:
3722:. Retrieved
3718:
3709:
3698:. Retrieved
3694:
3685:
3676:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:the original
3615:
3586:. Retrieved
3582:
3555:. Retrieved
3551:
3510:. Retrieved
3506:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3462:
3457:
3441:
3426:
3404:. Retrieved
3394:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3338:cite journal
3320:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3263:(1): 45–54.
3260:
3256:
3250:
3231:
3225:
3214:. Retrieved
3210:
3201:
3190:. Retrieved
3186:
3177:
3166:. Retrieved
3164:. 2017-05-10
3161:
3152:
3125:
3121:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3050:. Retrieved
3030:
3026:
2998:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2914:
2910:
2884:. Retrieved
2880:the original
2870:
2859:. Retrieved
2850:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:the original
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2805:
2791:
2777:
2766:
2737:. Retrieved
2714:. Retrieved
2704:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2596:
2592:
2570:
2559:. Retrieved
2522:
2518:
2486:, a type of
2484:ichthyotoxin
2477:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2386:Longnose gar
2380:Longnose gar
2350:longnose gar
2318:
2316:
2310:
2273:Nueces River
2243:
2241:
2235:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2073:
2055:
2050:longnose gar
2036:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1989:
1978:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1934:
1926:tropical gar
1913:
1890:
1871:
1861:
1854:nomen dubium
1852:
1844:
1839:Atractosteus
1837:
1825:Atractosteus
1823:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1777:Lepisosteini
1776:
1762:
1753:Masillosteus
1751:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1678:
1677:
1656:
1655:
1623:
1622:
1606:
1605:
1586:
1549:
1548:
1532:
1531:
1508:
1507:
1496:Atractosteus
1495:
1485:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1403:
1386:
1383:Swim bladder
1373:heterocercal
1362:
1335:
1324:Distribution
1248:
1247:
1222:
1220:
1201:Atractosteus
1199:
1198:
1167:
1165:
1142:
1140:
1118:Masillosteus
1116:
1114:
1090:
1088:
1076:
1062:
1050:
1040:
1038:
973:
972:
948:
945:Atractosteus
944:
938:
936:
917:Atractosteus
915:
914:
884:
882:
849:
847:
833:Masillosteus
831:
829:
798:
796:
784:
770:
758:
748:
746:
736:
725:Atractosteus
724:
717:Atractosteus
716:
712:
702:
698:Masillosteus
696:
678:
672:
666:
663:Atractosteus
662:
656:
645:
639:
630:
623:Kimmeridgian
616:
602:
598:Late Permian
571:
563:Fossil Butte
558:Masillosteus
556:
532:
513:
509:
506:Atractosteus
505:
501:
497:
490:
484:
473:
463:
458:
448:
442:
428:
406:
357:
346:
345:
332:
327:Atractosteus
325:
318:
308:
298:
291:Lepisosteini
290:
283:
275:Masillosteus
273:
263:
239:
203:
141:
44:
5378:iNaturalist
5288:Wikispecies
5156:iNaturalist
5076:Wikispecies
5010:Perciformes
4970:Spariformes
4935:Labriformes
4850:Gobiiformes
4845:Kurtiformes
4706:Esociformes
4569:Elopiformes
4561:Elopomorpha
4517:Neopterygii
4498:Chondrostei
4488:Actinopteri
4457:Superclass
2482:contain an
2460:Mississippi
2448:Great Lakes
2434:, into the
2420:caudal fins
2226:Spotted gar
2220:Spotted gar
2210:spotted gar
2175:Florida gar
2169:Florida gar
2086:Florida gar
2031:spotted gar
1984:(Wood 1846)
1936:Lepisosteus
1608:L. oculatus
1587:Lepisosteus
1510:A. tropicus
1377:dorsal fins
1250:Lepisosteus
975:Lepisosteus
819:†Cuneatini
737:Lepisosteus
713:Lepisosteus
667:Lepisosteus
650:known from
491:Lepisosteus
465:Strongylura
455:Old English
372:of eastern
334:Lepisosteus
138:Spotted gar
18:Lepisosteid
5488:Categories
4802:Gadiformes
4617:Otocephala
4540:Amiiformes
4447:Vertebrata
4445:Subphylum
4202:2019-08-03
4178:2019-08-03
4144:2019-08-03
4112:2019-07-24
4062:2019-07-26
4028:2019-07-24
4001:2019-07-24
3963:2019-07-26
3922:2019-07-24
3890:2019-08-03
3861:2019-07-26
3830:2019-08-03
3798:2019-07-24
3758:2019-08-03
3724:2019-08-03
3700:2019-08-03
3655:2019-07-26
3626:2019-07-24
3588:2019-07-26
3557:2019-07-20
3512:2022-08-16
3425:Kodera H.
3332:: 239–248.
3216:2018-05-11
3192:2018-05-11
3168:2018-05-11
3128:: 105650.
3052:2023-06-05
2886:2016-02-21
2861:2007-04-21
2841:2007-04-21
2816:2007-04-21
2739:2007-07-19
2716:2016-04-21
2561:2007-04-21
2535:References
2374:Asian carp
2062:Rafinesque
1830:Rafinesque
1814:Oniichthys
1551:A. spatula
1417:Morphology
1375:, and the
1224:Oniichthys
940:Oniichthys
751:. (2022):
729:Neotropics
574:Ginglymodi
512:, meaning
475:Xenentodon
445:needlefish
398:holosteian
390:Ginglymodi
320:Oniichthys
210:Ginglymodi
36:needlefish
5279:Q13605369
4792:Zeiformes
4551:Teleostei
4469:Cladistia
4294:0021-8561
3490:(1): 1–7.
3100:0195-6671
3078:: 19–28.
2990:2296-6463
2678:1742-5689
2621:2054-5703
2529:Chickasaw
2493:bluegills
2366:anal fins
2346:Louisiana
2334:Wisconsin
2271:from the
2139:Louisiana
2127:alligator
1908:Cuban gar
1845:africanus
1658:L. osseus
743:Phylogeny
578:bony fish
519:Evolution
480:Belonidae
469:Tylosurus
439:Etymology
386:Caribbean
245:G. Cuvier
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
5315:BioLib:
5273:Wikidata
5061:Wikidata
4716:Stomiati
4527:Holostei
4441:Chordata
4435:Animalia
4433:Kingdom
4233:30055193
4023:FishBase
3931:cite web
3583:FishBase
3406:March 8,
3047:36537110
2949:29259200
2768:FishBase
2696:27974575
2639:29657820
2531:tribes.
2501:Crayfish
2456:Missouri
2159:Illinois
2135:Oklahoma
2044:Linnaeus
2025:Winchell
1997:Woodward
1941:Linnaeus
1879:Lacépède
1764:Cuneatus
1455:brackish
1406:homology
1339:brackish
1144:Cuneatus
1043:(2023):
949:falipoui
851:Cuneatus
733:refugium
704:Cuneatus
689:Cenozoic
594:Holostei
582:Mesozoic
510:atraktos
421:Esocidae
394:Triassic
366:brackish
285:Cuneatus
236:Family:
187:Chordata
183:Phylum:
177:Animalia
163:Domain:
5067:Q506144
4439:Phylum
4420:Extant
4326:18 July
3386:1445204
3312:3670060
3277:3670201
3130:Bibcode
3080:Bibcode
2974:: 672.
2940:5736718
2919:Bibcode
2687:5221522
2630:5882744
2601:Bibcode
2450:except
2440:Florida
2342:Alabama
2338:Montana
2330:Indiana
2285:Florida
2206:Georgia
2202:Florida
2046:, 1758)
1999:, 1908)
1904:, 1801)
1881:, 1803)
1811:Genus †
1803:Cooper
1796:Genus †
1781:Genus †
1761:Genus †
1750:Genus †
1739:Genus †
1732:Family
1445:Ecology
1346:Anatomy
652:Morocco
567:Wyoming
547:Germany
487:generic
402:bowfins
384:in the
353:in the
253:Genera
216:Order:
193:Class:
59:-recent
32:garfish
5471:154571
5458:113906
5455:uBio:
5422:904125
5409:650224
5331:123528
5252:154640
5213:904123
5187:161092
5174:114126
4362:
4317:
4292:
4257:29 May
4231:
3449:
3433:
3427:et al.
3384:
3366:Copeia
3310:
3275:
3238:
3098:
3045:
2988:
2947:
2937:
2694:
2684:
2676:
2637:
2627:
2619:
2466:, and
2446:, all
2444:Quebec
2418:, and
2412:dorsal
2364:, and
2362:dorsal
2358:caudal
2344:, and
2263:, and
2259:, the
2255:, the
2204:, and
2155:Mexico
2149:, the
2141:, the
2082:, 1842
2064:, 1820
2027:, 1864
1969:Santos
1954:Grande
1943:, 1758
1933:Genus
1922:, 1863
1900:&
1832:, 1820
1822:Genus
1775:Tribe
1771:, 2010
1769:Grande
1451:bayous
1359:Scales
709:Eocene
627:Mexico
590:bowfin
543:Messel
539:Eocene
514:arrow.
502:osteon
472:, and
355:family
247:, 1825
5466:WoRMS
5443:Plazi
5435:63031
5396:10406
5391:IRMNG
5383:54544
5318:15474
5247:WoRMS
5234:Plazi
5226:63030
5169:IRMNG
5161:54545
4247:"Gar"
4229:JSTOR
3382:JSTOR
3330:(PDF)
3308:JSTOR
3273:JSTOR
2811:"Gar"
2525:Creek
2464:Texas
2277:Texas
2163:Texas
2131:Texas
2080:DeKay
2010:Estes
1898:Bloch
1805:et al
1790:et al
1041:et al
749:et al
625:) of
537:, an
498:lepis
495:Greek
489:name
362:fresh
204:Clade
5404:ITIS
5370:1167
5365:GBIF
5357:5467
5326:BOLD
5200:7915
5195:NCBI
5182:ITIS
5148:3716
5143:GBIF
5135:5468
5109:1378
5104:BOLD
4360:ISBN
4328:2010
4315:ISBN
4290:ISSN
4259:2011
3937:link
3447:ISBN
3431:ISBN
3408:2016
3370:1984
3351:help
3236:ISBN
3096:ISSN
3043:PMID
2986:ISSN
2945:PMID
2692:PMID
2674:ISSN
2635:PMID
2617:ISSN
2527:and
2495:and
2480:eggs
2416:anal
2147:Ohio
2014:1964
1973:1984
1958:2010
1920:Gill
1807:2023
1792:2016
1369:jaws
715:and
701:and
665:and
485:The
417:pike
413:jaws
382:Cuba
380:and
347:Gars
64:PreꞒ
5352:EoL
5344:3FS
5339:CoL
5303:ADW
5130:EoL
5122:BWY
5117:CoL
5091:ADW
4282:doi
3467:PDF
3374:doi
3300:doi
3265:doi
3138:doi
3126:151
3088:doi
3035:doi
2976:doi
2935:PMC
2927:doi
2682:PMC
2666:doi
2625:PMC
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