792:
outflanked, by critics who pointed to the narrowness of his concerns, and his lack of interest in anything but political history. The technique of structural analysis, with which his name was inextricably linked as 'Namierism', offered, in his view, an escape from voluminous narrative.... its limitations are very evident. There are great swathes of history where, for lack of evidence, structural analysis can hardly be applied. Even where it can, there is no guarantee that it will, in itself, generate interesting and important questions.
759:"What Namier's minutely detailed studies revealed was the fact that politics in 1760 consisted mainly in the jockeying for position and influence by individuals within the political elite" rather than ideas such as liberty or democracy, or rivalry with foreign kings, or social effects of industrial and technological change. "Spending many years himself, off and on, in psychoanalysis, believed that the "deep-seated drives and emotions" of the individual were what explained politics", wrote
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22:
714:, in particular English politics in the 1760s. His principal conclusion of that decade was that there was no risk of an authoritarian disposal of British parliamentarism. By way of its very detailed study of individuals, this course of study caused substantial revision to accounts based on a party system. Namier's best-known works were
581:
In 1917, Namier married a
Russian refugee, Clara Sophia Edeleff-Poniatowska, although they separated in 1921. He was by this time estranged from his father so that when his father died in 1922 the family estate was left to Namier's sister. In 1940 when he feared a Nazi invasion of Britain he burned
739:
or collective biography of every Member of
Parliament (MP) and peer who sat in the British Parliament in the latter 18th century to reveal that local interests, not national ones, often determined how parliamentarians voted. Namier argued very strongly that far from being tightly organised groups,
779:
Namier used sources such as wills and tax records to reveal the interests of the MPs. In his time, his methods were new and quite controversial. His obsession with collecting facts such as club membership of various MPs and then attempting to correlate them with voting patterns led his critics to
451:
from 1931 until his retirement in 1953, having been loudly cheered by his students at the conclusion of his last lecture there on
European History. Namier remained active in various Zionist groups (in particular, lobbying the British government to allow the creation of what he called a Jewish
791:
Namier's achievements were greatly praised during his lifetime and unduly disparaged subsequently. On his chosen ground, the accession of George III, he made important and probably irreversible corrections to the traditional whiggish account....Later on Namier was not so much repudiated as
872:. His hatred of Germany was legendary; Namier himself wrote in 1942 as the war raged on: "it did not require either 1914, or 1933, or 1939 to teach me the truth about the Germans. Long before the last war I considered them a deadly menace to Europe and the civilisation."
294:
of 1919. Based on his personal background, Namier maintained a firm personal interest in
Russian affairs; however, he was also seen as one of the biggest enemies of the newly-independent Polish state in the British political environment. During the
314:
348:
in
Belgium was renamed by Namier as Curzon Line "B". Chicherin relayed this document to Lenin who rejected it nevertheless, assured of his victory over Poland followed by a planned annexation of its entire territory.
883:
are generally poorly regarded by modern historians because he was content to condemn appeasement without seeking to explain the reasons for it; and eager to dismiss political principles as rhetorical posturing.
299:
his relationship with the Polish delegation was highly antagonistic and his attitude towards Poland and Polish territories openly hostile. Namier was later accused of changing the
British proposal – the
748:
were collections of ever-shifting and fluid small groups whose stances altered on an issue-by-issue basis. Namier felt that prosopographical methods were the best for analysing small groups like the
2104:
360:
believes that Namier was not the original initiator of this misrepresentation, but merely an unscrupulous supplier of handy arguments for the anti-Polish lobby among the
Entente members.
69:
341:
could have been aware of Namier's modification; Bartłomiej Rusin refutes the claims that Namier was responsible and calls him "merely a convenient supplier of anti‑Polish arguments".
865:
Namier concluded the debate in 1953 with words "The Polish offer, for what it was worth, was first torpedoed by Bonnet the statesmen, and next obliterated by Bonnet the historian".
278:
in 1914–15 but was discharged owing to poor eyesight. He then held positions with the
Propaganda Department (1915–17), the Department of Information (1917–18) and finally with the
593:), who authored a biography of him after his death. To marry Julia, who was a convinced Christian, he converted to Anglicanism which led to an estrangement with Chaim Weizman.
2099:
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The Polish delegation had no knowledge of the existence of Line "A" whatsoever since the idea of handing Lwów over to the
Bolsheviks was rejected by Prime Minister
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308:(in Polish, Lwów) and the Oil Basin on the eastern side when the British Foreign Office sent a cable to the Commissar for Foreign Affairs of Bolshevik Russia,
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in the event of a German attack. Bonnet denied that such an offer had been made, which led Namier to accuse Bonnet of seeking to falsify the record.
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1319:(book review). Namier's characterisation has been wrongly attributed to Herbert Butterfield, but was actually written by A. J. P. Taylor.
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356:. He single-handedly reduced the number of ethnic Poles living in the region from 2 million down to 600–700 inhabitants. Professor
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2006:
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in 1890. His family were secular-minded Polish-Jewish gentry. His father, with whom young Lewis often quarreled, idolized the
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At issue was the question whether Bonnet had, as Namier charged, snubbed an offer by the Polish foreign minister
Colonel
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In one of his memoranda Namier falsified the results of a national census from Eastern Galicia originating from
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1437:. Dublin: History Publications. The problematic relationship between political ideas and political practice
2011:
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224:. By contrast, Namier throughout his life detested it. Before coming to England he was educated at the
833:. In the 1930s, Namier had been active in the anti-appeasement movement and together with his protégé
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at several rallies in 1938. In the early 1950s, Namier had a celebrated debate on the pages of the
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Monarchy and the Party System: The Romanes Lecture Delivered in the Sheldonian Theatre 15 May 1952
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Hayton, D. W. "Sir Lewis Namier, Sir John Neale and the Shaping of the History of Parliament."
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1181:"Lewis Namier, the Curzon Line, and the shaping of Poland's eastern frontier after World War I"
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1154:"Lewis Namier, the Curzon Line, and the shaping of Poland's eastern frontier after World War I"
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as a member of an 'elitist school' with a 'deeply pessimistic attitude toward human affairs'.
357:
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at the very beginning of talks. Lwów had never been under the rule of Moscow in its history.
290:
Following the defeat of Germany in World War One, Namier joined the British delegation at the
1417:
1126:"The Curzon Line as the eastern boundary of Poland: the origins and the political background"
1838:
1824:
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767:(Manchester University Press, 2019), a new biography by D. W. Hayton (a participant in the
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Institute of Spatial Organization. 8-9 / 18 in PDF – via direct download, 1.27 MB.
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accuse him of "taking ideas out of history". Namier has been described by the historian
21:
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lecture, and Pareto's ideas about elites would have a great influence on his thinking.
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The earlier-approved compromised version of the Curzon Line which was approved at the
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1962:
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428:(1920–21) before going into business for himself. Later Namier, who was a long-time
1951:
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586:
393:
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456:) and from 1933 was engaged in efforts on behalf of Jewish refugees from Germany.
1758:
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Namier's writings on German history have been criticised for being influenced by
1233:"Lewis Namier, the Curzon Line, and the shaping of Poland's eastern frontier..."
830:
613:
597:
484:
441:
440:, but Weizmann later severed relations with Namier when the latter converted to
301:
100:
1800:
1363:
1316:
973:
Facing East: Essays on Germany, the Balkans and Russia in the Twentieth Century
1972:
Price, Jacob. "Party, Purpose, and Pattern: Sir Lewis Namier and His Critics"
1900:
1696:
1670:
2017:
Lewis Namier: The eccentric historian who changed British postwar culture.
436:
in Palestine (1929–31). For a time he was a close friend and associate of
1197:
756:
caused a historiographical revolution in understanding the 18th century.
460:
1719:
1429:
Jim Smyth, Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame (2015).
1164:. Jagellonian University. Section 1: 20 (16 / 22) in PDF. Archived from
638: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
509: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
429:
233:
125: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1850:
1808:
1704:
Cairns, John C. (1974). "Sir Lewis Namier and the History of Europe".
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1371:
247:
Namier emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1907, studied first at the
1986:
Smyth, James. "Lewis Namier, Herbert Butterfield and Edmund Burke."
1946:
1842:
2007:
Review of The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
389:
20:
924:
Vanished Supremacies: Essays on European History, 1812–1918
305:
901:(3 vols.), 1966 , edited by John Brooke & Sir Lewis Namier.
2012:
Isaiah Berlin on Lewis Namier in his book Personal Impressions
1943:
Cultural Amnesia: Necessary Memories from History and the Arts
607:
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a large number of his papers and arranged to commit suicide.
478:
463:. Also in 1952, Namier was given the honour of delivering the
362:
94:
55:
1158:
Studies into the History of Central-Eastern Europe and Russia
304:" – for the eastern border of Poland by leaving the city of
63:; 27 June 1888 – 19 August 1960) was a British historian of
1931:
edited by Lucian Boia, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991.
1488:
Vanished Supremacies: Essays on European History, 1812-1918
960:
Europe in Decay: A Study in Disintegration, 1936–1940
52:
46:
1338:. Routledge, imprint of Taylor & Francis. p. 54.
459:
He was married twice and knighted in 1952 at the onset of
1473:
Crossroads of power: essays on eighteenth-century England
905:
Crossroads of Power: Essays on Eighteenth-Century England
585:
In 1945, his first wife died. In 1947, he married writer
1673:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
1358:
John Cannon, 'Namier, Sir Lewis Bernstein (1888–1960)',
1235:
Ibidem. Section 1: 13 (9-10 / 22) in PDF. Archived from
1026:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
754:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
716:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
70:
The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III
809:. He also wrote on modern European history, especially
1563:
Europe in decay: a study in disintegration, 1936-1940
765:
Conservative Revolutionary: the lives of Lewis Namier
216:
of southeastern Poland, although his family moved to
83:
series (begun 1940) he edited later in his life with
43:
1518:
Basic factors in nineteenth-century European history
936:
Basic Factors in Nineteenth-Century European History
1185:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
596:His sister, Teodora Niemirowska, was the mother of
424:After leaving government service, Namier taught at
49:
40:
2105:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
1892:
1731:
1455:Lewis Bernstein Namier & John Brooke (1985),
1927:. "Namier, (Sir) Lewis Bernstein" page 207 from
1016:, 1931. Contains his essays on Austrian Galicia.
1090:
1088:
1075:
1073:
858:in May 1938 to have Poland come to the aid of
1693:France and the Coming of the Second World War
1657:England in the age of the American Revolution
1020:England in the Age of the American Revolution
720:England in the Age of the American Revolution
75:England in the Age of the American Revolution
8:
1895:A. J. P. Taylor, Radical Historian of Europe
1785:(1971). "Lloyd George and Poland, 1919–20".
1389:
1377:
1317:The Life and Thought of Herbert Butterfield
1119:
1117:
1115:
1608:Conflicts: Studies in Contemporary History
993:Conflicts: Studies in Contemporary History
920:Lecture, Cambridge University Press, 1959.
392:. Please do not remove this message until
2100:Academics of the University of Manchester
1593:1848: the revolution of the intellectuals
1282:
1196:
987:1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals
710:Namier is best known for his work on the
698:Learn how and when to remove this message
569:Learn how and when to remove this message
412:Learn how and when to remove this message
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
2090:Alumni of the London School of Economics
1958:, London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
847:with the former French foreign minister
728:series he edited later in his life with
432:, worked as political secretary for the
388:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2022:Works by L. B. (Lewis Bernstein) Namier
1827:(1962). "Sir Lewis Namier Considered".
1413:
1401:
1360:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1042:
274:, he fought as a private with the 20th
2115:Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom
1988:Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
1270:
1253:
1242:
1218:
1106:
1094:
1079:
787:His biographer John Cannon concludes:
67:background. His best-known works were
2130:British Army personnel of World War I
1457:The House of Commons : 1754-1790
899:The House of Commons, 1754–1790
7:
2065:Converts to Anglicanism from Judaism
1967:Essays Presented to Sir Lewis Namier
1335:The Past & the Present Revisited
636:adding citations to reliable sources
507:adding citations to reliable sources
123:adding citations to reliable sources
966:Diplomatic Prelude, 1938–1939
2070:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)
1929:Great Historians of the Modern Age
1869:Poland: White Eagle on a Red Field
1760:The Causes of the Second World War
447:Namier served as professor at the
14:
2095:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
282:of the Foreign Office (1918–20).
280:Political Intelligence Department
1983:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.
1969:, London: Macmillan Press, 1956.
1669:Prof. Peter Thomas (June 1997),
1296:"Geniuses don't have to be nice"
875:Like the work of his friend Sir
797:Diplomatic history controversies
612:
483:
467:, on which subject Namier chose
367:
99:
36:
2145:People from Siedlce Governorate
2135:20th-century English historians
1788:Journal of Contemporary History
763:on 29 November 2019, reviewing
623:needs additional citations for
494:needs additional citations for
110:needs additional citations for
1994:The Ordeal of Sir Lewis Namier
1:
1976:, 1#1 (November 1961): 71–93.
1691:Adamthwaite, Anthony (1977).
1638:Skyscrapers, and Other Essays
1578:Diplomatic prelude, 1938-1939
1533:Monarchy and the Party System
1431:"Two treatises of government"
469:Monarchy and the Party System
16:British historian (1888–1960)
1014:Skyscrapers and other Essays
310:Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin
240:. At Lausanne, Namier heard
199:Ludwik Bernstein Niemirowski
1757:Crozier, Andrew J. (1997).
805:, Namier was a believer in
712:Parliament of Great Britain
394:conditions to do so are met
292:Versailles Peace Conference
2161:
2125:Analysands of Theodor Reik
1981:Lewis Namier & Zionism
1974:Journal of British Studies
1830:Journal of British Studies
1801:10.1177/002200947100600309
1179:Rusin, Bartłomiej (2014).
1139:Polish Academy of Sciences
914:, His Character and Career
825:unsparingly condemned the
591:Iulia Michaelovna Kazarina
444:to marry his second wife.
335:Polish Academy of Sciences
259:, from 1908, and became a
249:London School of Economics
32:Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier
1956:Lewis Namier: A biography
1866:Sharp, Samuel L. (1953).
1763:. Oxford and Malden, MA:
1124:Eberhardt, Piotr (2012).
844:Times Literary Supplement
2140:People from Łuków County
2120:Royal Fusiliers soldiers
2040:University of Manchester
1874:Harvard University Press
1623:In the Margin of History
1503:Personalities and powers
1332:Lawrence Stone (2014) .
1315:Malin Dahlstrom (2011),
1051:"Definition of 'Namier'"
1000:In the Margin of History
930:Personalities and Powers
449:University of Manchester
1891:Wrigley, Chris (2006).
801:As a former patient of
251:for a year and then at
222:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1707:Historical Reflections
1252:Cite journal requires
837:spoke out against the
452:Fighting Force in the
263:in 1913, whereupon he
238:University of Lausanne
28:
1996:, Commentary Magazine
1990:35#3 (2012): 381-389.
1961:Pares, Richard &
1938:32#1 (2013): 187-211.
1936:Parliamentary History
1056:collinsdictionary.com
769:History of Parliament
725:History of Parliament
80:History of Parliament
24:
2036:John Rylands Library
1825:Mansfield, Harvey C.
1765:Blackwell Publishers
1239:on 22 December 2015.
1198:10.12775/SDR.2013.05
1168:on 22 December 2015.
881:diplomatic histories
877:John Wheeler-Bennett
813:and his later books
632:improve this article
503:improve this article
454:Mandate of Palestine
119:improve this article
2032:Lewis Namier papers
1364:accessed 8 Oct 2017
1321:Reviews in History.
1137:. 85, 1, pp. 5-21.
1134:Geographia Polonica
981:World War II period
381:of this article is
286:Professional career
1740:St. Martin's Press
1380:, pp. 183–184
1231:Bartłomiej Rusin.
1152:Bartłomiej Rusin.
954:Avenues of History
823:Diplomatic Prelude
811:diplomatic history
587:Julia de Beausobre
226:University of Lwów
214:Lublin Voivodeship
212:, now part of the
207:Russian-controlled
29:
2085:British diplomats
2080:British Anglicans
1910:978-1-860-64286-9
1872:. Cambridge, MA:
1774:978-0-631-17128-7
1749:978-0-297-79508-7
1677:at History.ac.uk.
912:Charles Townshend
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324:Władysław Grabski
297:Polish–Soviet War
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1963:Taylor, A. J. P.
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1548:In the Nazi Era
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418:
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354:Austria-Hungary
331:Piotr Eberhardt
312:
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276:Royal Fusiliers
272:First World War
261:British subject
253:Balliol College
242:Vilfredo Pareto
218:Austrian Poland
210:Congress Poland
191:
180:
174:
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128:
126:
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93:
77:(1930) and the
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2001:External links
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1979:Rose, Norman.
1977:
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1941:James, Clive.
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849:Georges Bonnet
798:
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647:"Lewis Namier"
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518:"Lewis Namier"
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438:Chaim Weizmann
420:
419:
375:
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346:Spa Conference
287:
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203:Wola Okrzejska
193:
192:
134:"Lewis Namier"
107:
105:
98:
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26:Namier in 1915
25:
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1952:Namier, Julia
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1944:
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1728:Colley, Linda
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1650:Namier 1930,
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1403:
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1392:, p. 184
1391:
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1285:, p. 28.
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1246:
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1194:
1191:(1): 95–116.
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873:
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870:Germanophobia
866:
863:
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857:
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850:
846:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:psychohistory
804:
803:Sigmund Freud
796:
790:
789:
788:
785:
783:
775:Controversies
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
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747:
743:
738:
737:prosopography
733:
731:
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726:
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713:
702:
699:
691:
680:
677:
673:
670:
666:
663:
659:
656:
652:
649: –
648:
644:
643:Find sources:
637:
633:
627:
626:
621:This section
619:
615:
610:
609:
603:
601:
599:
594:
592:
588:
583:
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570:
562:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:
534:
530:
527:
523:
520: –
519:
515:
514:Find sources:
508:
504:
498:
497:
492:This section
490:
486:
481:
480:
475:Personal life
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
434:Jewish Agency
431:
427:
416:
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391:
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384:
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365:
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359:
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189:
186:
178:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
139:
136: –
135:
131:
130:Find sources:
124:
120:
114:
113:
108:This section
106:
102:
97:
96:
90:
88:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
65:Polish-Jewish
60:
33:
23:
19:
2075:English Jews
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1955:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1925:Burke, Peter
1894:
1868:
1837:(1): 28–55.
1834:
1828:
1792:
1786:
1759:
1738:. New York:
1733:
1711:
1705:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1434:
1424:
1414:Wrigley 2006
1409:
1402:Crozier 1997
1397:
1385:
1359:
1354:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1290:
1278:
1273:, p. 18
1266:
1245:cite journal
1237:the original
1226:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1188:
1184:
1174:
1166:the original
1161:
1157:
1147:
1132:
1109:, p. 11
1102:
1062:29 September
1060:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1025:
1019:
1013:
998:
992:
986:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
910:
904:
898:
893:Cold War era
874:
867:
864:
853:
842:
822:
818:
814:
800:
786:
778:
764:
758:
753:
735:Namier used
734:
723:
719:
715:
709:
694:
688:January 2023
685:
675:
668:
661:
654:
642:
630:Please help
625:verification
622:
595:
590:
584:
580:
565:
559:January 2023
556:
546:
539:
532:
525:
513:
501:Please help
496:verification
493:
468:
458:
446:
423:
408:
399:
377:
351:
343:
339:Lloyd George
328:
321:
289:
269:
246:
198:
196:
181:
175:January 2023
172:
162:
155:
148:
141:
129:
117:Please help
112:verification
109:
78:
74:
68:
31:
30:
18:
2060:1960 deaths
2055:1888 births
1714:(1): 3–35.
1441:14 December
1271:Colley 1989
1219:Davies 1971
1107:Cairns 1974
1097:, p. 9
1095:Colley 1989
1082:, p. x
1080:Colley 1989
879:, Namier's
831:appeasement
827:Third Reich
730:John Brooke
598:Anna Kurska
442:Anglicanism
313: [
302:Curzon Line
270:During the
267:his name.
85:John Brooke
2049:Categories
2026:Faded Page
1965:(editors)
1901:I.B.Tauris
1899:. London:
1697:Frank Cass
1695:. London:
1685:References
1671:Review of
1416:, p.
1301:19 January
856:Józef Beck
771:project).
658:newspapers
529:newspapers
379:neutrality
329:Professor
265:anglicised
236:) and the
145:newspapers
1859:143485484
1817:159655350
1204:21 August
740:both the
402:July 2024
390:talk page
333:from the
2028:(Canada)
1730:(1989).
1720:41298644
1028:, 1929,
722:and the
461:Cold War
383:disputed
232:(now in
73:(1929),
1945:(2007)
1362:(2004)
1022:, 1930.
1003:, 1939.
995:, 1942.
989:, 1944.
976:, 1947.
968:, 1948.
962:, 1950.
956:, 1952.
950:, 1952.
944:, 1952.
938:, 1953.
932:, 1955.
926:, 1958.
907:, 1962.
672:scholar
543:scholar
430:Zionist
426:Balliol
234:Ukraine
205:in the
159:scholar
1907:
1880:
1857:
1851:175306
1849:
1815:
1809:259884
1807:
1771:
1746:
1734:Namier
1718:
1342:
1162:XLVIII
742:Tories
674:
667:
660:
653:
645:
589:(born
545:
538:
531:
524:
516:
257:Oxford
161:
154:
147:
140:
132:
1855:S2CID
1847:JSTOR
1813:S2CID
1805:JSTOR
1716:JSTOR
1129:(PDF)
1037:Notes
888:Works
746:Whigs
679:JSTOR
665:books
550:JSTOR
536:books
317:]
166:JSTOR
152:books
1905:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1652:1961
1443:2022
1340:ISBN
1303:2023
1258:help
1206:2017
1064:2013
1030:1957
829:and
821:and
744:and
651:news
522:news
376:The
306:Lviv
138:news
91:Life
2024:at
1839:doi
1797:doi
1193:doi
851:.
634:by
505:by
319:.
228:in
201:in
121:by
2051::
2038:,
2034:,
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1903:.
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1845:.
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1791:.
1767:.
1742:.
1710:.
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655:·
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