390:
477:. Heraclea Pontica sent envoys to Leucon to learn the size of his army. Upon hearing that there were not many soldiers, Memnon went to battle Leucon, and used trickery to gain an easy victory against the Bosporan army. Memnon had his army march over to a hill, leaving only half of his men visible, as if to show that there was desertion amongst his troops. He then dispatched a "deserter" to inform the Bosporan army that there had been a mutiny in the Heracleote army. The Bosporan forces marched out to Memnon's forces, believing that they had been split in half, but were defeated as in reality the army was completely intact.
515:, a burial mound where the previous Bosporan rulers had been interred, on the outskirts of Panticapaeum. Leucon's actions mirrored those of his grandfather, Spartocus I, who usurped the former Greek dynasty of the Bosporan state, as well as those of his father Satyrus. Leucon's descendants ruled the Bosporus for another two centuries, until
452:, Leucon said he “made a vow to erect a victory monument, not to the local Apollo of Labrys, but to the supreme deity and patron of all the Bosporans, Apollo the Healer”. After defeating Octamasades, it is possible Leucon persuaded Hecataeus to surrender the kingship to him, as he was proclaimed "king of all the Sindike" shortly thereafter.
431:
He was then attacked by the
Heracleotes in his own territory. Leucon, noticing that his own troops could be routed easily, positioned his Scythian soldiers in the rear and gave clear instructions that his men were to be struck down if they fled. This precaution helped his army defeat the
405:
After his father's death and his ascendance to the throne, Leukon laid siege the city of
Theodosia twice. The first siege ended in a Bosporan defeat due to Tynnichus, a general sent by Heraclea Pontica, to relieve the city, which he accomplished, despite inferior numbers, due to trickery.
485:
Leucon was well regarded by the
Athenians, as the Bosporan Kingdom exported a large portion of their grain primarily to Athens. In 356 BC, when Athens could not make do on their payment because of restrictions Sparta had placed on them during the
502:, who gave Athens 15,000 medimnoi of grain (ca 590 t) as a gift. They would continue to follow this diplomatic friendship with the Athenians. Leucon also gave Athenian ships privileges at his ports and did not have them taxed when they docked.
309:", but to the tribes in his dominions, he was "king". Nonetheless, the Athenians viewed him as a tyrant but nonetheless a friend of Athens. He was present during his father's unsuccessful war against the barbarian queen
510:
Leucon died in 349 BC, after a reign of around forty years. He was at least sixty years old at the time of his death, placing his birth around 410 BC or earlier. His body is thought to have been placed in the
833:
but altered the arrangement of it; he posted his hoplites in the first line, and in their rear the
Scythians, who had express orders, that if the hoplites gave way, they should strike them down with their
346:
Leucon also faced early problems with his subjects; he had to enlist the aid of merchants to successfully put down a rebellion fomented by some members of his court and even trusted friends. According to
891:
When the inhabitants of course crowded to the theatres to hear him, the ambassador was able, from the number of men he saw there, to form some estimate of the population of the respective places.
498:) free of charge. For this, Leucon was praised in Athens and was both given citizenship and statues of him and his sons erected in Athens. This policy was continued by his descendants, such as
375:, ending with the unsuccessful siege to Theodosia that claimed his father's life. He and his brother Gorgippos made peace with the Ixomatae and focused their attentions to the west.
293:
Leukon was born to
Satyrus I, a ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom who had become king after the death of his father, Spartocus I, a man of Thracian descent with possible ties to the
343:
Leucon also initiated a semi-fraudulent coinage reform in which he recalled all coins from the region to be minted into new coins with double the face value.
1520:
911:
retreated to a greater distance from them; and drew up only a part of his army, to make the enemy believe that some disaster had occurred in his camp.
1100:
1109:
867:
533:
424:. It is possible that the Heracleotes withdrew before Leucon attacked due to a change of government from oligarchy to tyranny under
1515:
767:
He renounced his father's proceedings, and sued for peace, which she granted on payment of a tribute, and put and end to the war.
389:
332:
At some point during his reign, he married a woman named
Theodosia, possibly the daughter of a powerful Bosporan diplomat named
1434:
1494:
1449:
1444:
1313:
415:
384:
1479:
1464:
1429:
1404:
1340:
1419:
1409:
813:
Leucon observed that his troops did not show courage against the enemy; they were reluctant to fight, and easily routed
1489:
1484:
1459:
1394:
420:
Leucon besieged
Theodosia again 5 years later in a surprise attack, before the city could receive relief aid from the
318:
793:
Tynnichus, who raised the siege of the city, through his armament compromised only of 1 Trireme and 1 transport ship
563:
1525:
1469:
1454:
174:
1093:
1439:
1474:
1414:
1374:
1356:
1345:
1334:
1329:
1318:
1302:
1292:
1248:
1231:
1160:
629:
Tokhtas'ev, Sergei R. (2006). "The
Bosporus and Sindike in the Era of Leukon I. New Epigraphic Publications".
1424:
1399:
1366:
1086:
1067:
Sergei R. Tokhtas'ev (2006), "The
Bosporus and Sindike in the Era of Leukon I. New Epigraphic Publications"
325:
at first without success, but continued to attack it until the city was defeated, both times being aided by
1297:
1061:
613:
445:
432:
Heracleotes. Shortly after his victory, Leucon made a peace treaty with the
Heracleotes, ending the war.
1238:
1121:
425:
252:
195:
570:
and was officially named after the Spartocid Gorgippus after its integration into the Bosporus Kingdom.
355:, he dismissed his guards who owed gambling debts, because their loyalty could not be assured during a
228:, the first Spartocid ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom. Leucon ruled his kingdom jointly with his brother
1380:
1190:
854:
the severity of these orders made his army more resolute, and put an end to the ravages of the enemy.
1351:
1284:
1195:
1006:
the Bosporan king Spartocus III had presented 15,000 medimnoi (ca 590 t) of grain to the Athenians.
474:
398:
248:
221:
1253:
1175:
448:, the king of the Sindi, and his son, Octamasades who had taken power from his father. Before the
313:
of the Ixomatae, where his brother Metrodoros died as a hostage. He became king with his brother
1226:
784:
687:
661:
449:
273:
of the Bosporus, Theodosia, all Sindike". He also created a foreign and trade policy outside the
264:
236:, which he named after himself. Leucon was succeeded by his sons Spartocus II (349–342 BC) and
1274:
1142:
487:
106:
1113:
638:
543:
470:
466:
421:
326:
294:
214:
1036:
597:
Burstein, Stanley M. (1974). "The War between Heraclea Pontica and Leucon I of Bosporus".
582:
Burstein, Stanley M. (1974). "The War between Heraclea Pontica and Leucon I of Bosporus".
528:
348:
217:
who ruled from 389 to 349 BC. He was arguably the greatest ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom.
961:
944:
924:
904:
884:
760:
670:
It seems likely to connect that Spartokos was connected by birth to the Odrysian dynasty.
1046:
Stanley M. Burstein (1974), "The War between Heraclea Pontica and Leucon I of Bosporus"
1324:
1308:
1243:
931:
And to support such a suspicion, he at the same time dispatched a deserter over to them
847:
826:
806:
726:
709:
298:
186:
1509:
1205:
1200:
999:
980:
499:
1258:
1210:
1180:
1078:
538:
516:
512:
441:
337:
256:
237:
116:
90:
59:
1150:
225:
642:
1389:
1185:
1129:
1017:
282:
210:
148:
367:
Leukon had inherited several wars from his father, including one against the
1220:
1215:
1170:
1155:
779:
D. E. W. WORMELL (1946). "STUDIES IN GREEK TYRANNY—II. Leucon of Bosporus".
682:
D. E. W. Wormell (1946). "Studies in Greek Tyranny—II. Leucon of Bosporus".
656:
D. E. W. Wormell (1946). "Studies in Greek Tyranny—II. Leucon of Bosporus".
394:
314:
302:
274:
260:
244:
233:
229:
48:
372:
368:
322:
310:
788:
743:
691:
665:
333:
143:
968:
They therefore decided to leave their position, and offered him battle
306:
278:
269:
28:
329:, probably to finish what his father began prior to his own death.
495:
356:
1040:
1082:
134:
1039:, Περὶ τοῦ πῶς χρὴ πολιορκουμένους ἀντέχειν (online edition
336:. They had three sons named Spartocus II, Apollonius, and
232:, who situated himself on the Asiatic side and ruled from
696:
and Satyrus's son, perhaps Leucon, married his daughter
1365:
1283:
1267:
1141:
1120:
200:
170:
162:
154:
142:
130:
105:
97:
85:
75:
65:
54:
44:
36:
21:
987:400,000 medimnoi (= 16,380 t) of grain in 356 B.C.
465:Probably during the last years of Leucon's reign,
444:, where there had been a dynastic dispute between
259:his vassal upon defeating Octamasades, and in an
317:after their father died during the unsuccessful
869:Bosporus and the Sindike In the era of Leukon I
473:, the famous guerrilla fighter who had fought
321:. Upon becoming king, he attacked the city of
305:.To his Greek subjects, Leukon was merely an "
1094:
1069:Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia
631:Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia
8:
297:royal dynasty, who usurped the former Greek
1101:
1087:
1079:
18:
1048:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
745:Περὶ τοῦ πῶς χρὴ πολιορκουμένους ἀντέχειν
599:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
584:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
16:Archon of the Bosporus from 389 to 349 BC
1058:Encyclopædia Britannica Academic Edition
388:
301:dynasty. Leukon may have been taught by
555:
31:of the Bosporus, Theodosia, all Sindike
1020:Aarchaeological Walks in Ancient Kerch
243:He continued his father's war against
205:, lived c. 410–349 BC) also known as
7:
534:List of Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus
440:Leucon then turned his eye to the
251:with the goal of annexing all the
14:
519:died during a Scythian uprising.
436:Annexation of the Sindike Kingdom
224:(432–389 BC) and the grandson of
1521:Monarchs of the Bosporan Kingdom
612:Encyclopædia Britannica (2011).
461:Conflict with Memnon of Rhodes
416:Siege of Theodosia (c. 360 BC)
385:Siege of Theodosia (c. 365 BC)
255:in the Bosporus. He also made
1:
410:Siege of Theodosia (c.360 BC)
379:Siege of Theodosia (c.365 BC)
281:, a commercial friend of the
201:
1542:
643:10.1163/157005706777968915
413:
382:
353:How to Survive under Siege
135:
1075:series 1-2, pp. 1–62
1001:Dynasty of the Spartocids
982:Dynasty of the Spartocids
190:
26:
319:first siege of Theodosia
1516:4th-century BC monarchs
1367:Tiberian-Julian dynasty
615:Kingdom of the Bosporus
601:. 4th Quarter: 401–402.
490:, he gave them 400,000
402:
1122:Archaeanactid dynasty
481:Relations with Athens
392:
277:, significantly with
1060:(2011) (online page
289:Early life and reign
267:he is described as "
183:Leucon I of Bosporus
1285:Mithridatic dynasty
586:. 4th Quarter: 401.
79:349 BC (aged c. 60)
529:Cimmerian Bosporus
450:Battle of Labrytai
403:
363:Military campaigns
220:He was the son of
1526:Spartocid dynasty
1503:
1502:
1143:Spartocid dynasty
742:Aeneas Tacticus.
488:Peloponnesian War
199:
180:
179:
58:Spartokos II and
1533:
1235:
1114:Bosporan Kingdom
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1008:
996:
990:
989:
977:
971:
970:
963:Strategems 6.9.1
957:
951:
950:
946:Strategems 6.9.1
940:
934:
933:
926:Strategems 6.9.1
920:
914:
913:
906:Strategems 6.9.1
900:
894:
893:
886:Strategems 6.9.1
880:
874:
873:
866:Tokhtasev, S.R.
863:
857:
856:
849:Strategems 6.9.1
843:
837:
836:
828:Strategems 6.9.1
822:
816:
815:
808:Strategems 6.9.1
802:
796:
795:
776:
770:
769:
756:
750:
749:
739:
733:
732:
728:Strategems 6.9.1
722:
716:
715:
711:Strategems 6.9.1
705:
699:
698:
679:
673:
672:
653:
647:
646:
626:
620:
619:
609:
603:
602:
594:
588:
587:
579:
573:
572:
568:. October 2006.
560:
544:Bosporan Kingdom
506:Death and legacy
471:Memnon of Rhodes
467:Heraclea Pontica
327:Heraclea Pontica
215:Bosporan Kingdom
204:
194:
192:
175:Greek Polytheism
138:
137:
81:Bosporan Kingdom
19:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1435:Rhescuporis III
1395:Mithridates III
1361:
1279:
1263:
1229:
1137:
1116:
1107:
1037:Aeneas Tacticus
1033:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1012:
998:
997:
993:
979:
978:
974:
959:
958:
954:
942:
941:
937:
922:
921:
917:
902:
901:
897:
882:
881:
877:
865:
864:
860:
845:
844:
840:
824:
823:
819:
804:
803:
799:
778:
777:
773:
762:Strategems 55.1
758:
757:
753:
748:. pp. V.2.
741:
740:
736:
724:
723:
719:
707:
706:
702:
681:
680:
676:
655:
654:
650:
628:
627:
623:
611:
610:
606:
596:
595:
591:
581:
580:
576:
565:Brill Reference
562:
561:
557:
552:
525:
508:
494:(around 16,380
483:
469:may have hired
463:
458:
442:Sindike Kingdom
438:
418:
412:
387:
381:
371:, led by queen
365:
349:Aeneas Tacticus
291:
93:
80:
70:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1495:Rhescuporis VI
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Rhescuporis IV
1447:
1445:Sauromates III
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Rhescuporis II
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1343:
1332:
1327:
1316:
1314:Mithridates II
1311:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1244:Paerisades III
1241:
1236:
1224:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1065:
1055:
1044:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1010:
991:
972:
952:
935:
915:
895:
875:
858:
838:
817:
797:
771:
751:
734:
717:
700:
674:
648:
621:
604:
589:
574:
554:
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
524:
521:
507:
504:
482:
479:
462:
459:
457:
454:
437:
434:
414:Main article:
411:
408:
393:The cities of
383:Main article:
380:
377:
364:
361:
290:
287:
253:Greek colonies
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
126:
125:
122:
119:
114:
109:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1538:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Sauromates IV
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Rhescuporis V
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Sauromates II
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:Rhescuporis I
1385:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Mithridates I
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:Scythian rule
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:Paerisades IV
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:Paerisades II
1204:
1202:
1201:Spartocus III
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:Unknown kings
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:. pp 401–416.
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1018:Excerpt from
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
995:
992:
988:
984:
983:
976:
973:
969:
965:
964:
956:
953:
948:
947:
939:
936:
932:
928:
927:
919:
916:
912:
908:
907:
899:
896:
892:
888:
887:
879:
876:
871:
870:
862:
859:
855:
851:
850:
842:
839:
835:
830:
829:
821:
818:
814:
810:
809:
801:
798:
794:
790:
786:
783:(68): 49–71.
782:
775:
772:
768:
764:
763:
755:
752:
747:
746:
738:
735:
730:
729:
721:
718:
713:
712:
704:
701:
697:
693:
689:
686:(68): 49–71.
685:
678:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:(68): 49–71.
659:
652:
649:
644:
640:
637:(1–2): 1–62.
636:
632:
625:
622:
617:
616:
608:
605:
600:
593:
590:
585:
578:
575:
571:
567:
566:
559:
556:
549:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:
520:
518:
514:
505:
503:
501:
500:Spartocus III
497:
493:
489:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
460:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
435:
433:
429:
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417:
409:
407:
400:
396:
391:
386:
378:
376:
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370:
362:
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354:
350:
344:
341:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Archaeanactid
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
213:ruler of the
212:
208:
203:
197:
188:
184:
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25:
20:
1420:Rhoemetalces
1410:Sauromates I
1348:
1337:
1321:
1305:
1259:Paerisades V
1254:Spartocus VI
1211:Spartocus IV
1181:Paerisades I
1176:Spartocus II
1165:
1072:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1031:Bibliography
1019:
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986:
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827:
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583:
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569:
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539:Sindi people
517:Paerisades V
513:Royal Kurgan
509:
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366:
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338:Paerisades I
331:
292:
268:
242:
238:Paerisades I
219:
206:
182:
181:
117:Paerisades I
113:Spartocus II
91:Royal Kurgan
71:Panticapaeum
60:Paerisades I
27:
1490:Rhadamsades
1485:Theothorses
1460:Ininthimeus
1230: [
1227:Spartokos V
1151:Spartocus I
1052:4th Quarter
960:Polyaenus.
943:Polyaenus.
923:Polyaenus.
903:Polyaenus.
883:Polyaenus.
846:Polyaenus.
825:Polyaenus.
805:Polyaenus.
759:Polyaenus.
725:Polyaenus.
708:Polyaenus.
456:Later reign
422:Heracleotes
399:Chersonesus
261:inscription
249:Chersonesus
240:(349–309).
226:Spartocus I
45:Predecessor
1510:Categories
1470:Pharsanzes
1455:Chedosbius
1390:Gepaepyris
1381:Polemon II
1341:Scribonius
1186:Satyrus II
1130:Archaeanax
781:Hermathena
684:Hermathena
658:Hermathena
550:References
357:city siege
283:Spartocids
121:Apollonius
40:389–349 BC
1440:Cotys III
1352:Polemon I
1298:Pharnaces
1239:Camasarye
1221:Hygiaenon
1216:Leucon II
1171:Gorgippus
1156:Satyrus I
1073:Volume 12
1022:(Russian)
834:javelins.
475:Alexander
446:Hecataeus
426:Clearchus
395:Theodosia
323:Theodosia
315:Gorgippus
303:Isocrates
275:Black Sea
265:Nymphaion
245:Theodosia
234:Gorgippia
230:Gorgippus
222:Satyrus I
211:Spartocid
196:romanized
158:Satyrus I
149:Spartocid
101:Theodosia
69:c. 410 BC
55:Successor
49:Satyrus I
1475:Teiranes
1415:Cotys II
1375:Aspurgus
1275:Saumacus
1223:(regent)
1191:Prytanis
1166:Leucon I
1161:Seleucus
1110:Monarchs
789:23037564
692:23037564
666:23037564
523:See also
492:medinmoi
373:Tirgatao
369:Ixomatae
311:Tirgatao
295:Odrysian
209:, was a
171:Religion
124:Orchamus
22:Leucon I
1425:Eupator
1400:Cotys I
1357:Dynamis
1346:Dynamis
1335:Dynamis
1330:Dynamis
1325:Asander
1319:Dynamis
1309:Asander
1303:Dynamis
1196:Eumelus
1112:of the
633:. 1-2.
334:Sopaeus
257:Sindike
198::
166:Unknown
98:Consort
787:
690:
664:
307:Archon
279:Athens
270:archon
202:Leukon
191:Λευκὼν
163:Mother
155:Father
136:Λευκών
86:Burial
29:Archon
1234:]
785:JSTOR
688:JSTOR
662:JSTOR
263:from
207:Leuco
187:Greek
144:House
131:Greek
107:Issue
37:Reign
1349:with
1338:with
1322:with
1306:with
1062:here
1041:here
397:and
247:and
76:Died
66:Born
639:doi
1512::
1232:ru
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1064:).
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1102:e
1095:t
1088:v
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185:(
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