211:, and Li Sizhen (李嗣真) of treason. As these officials were set for execution, Wu Zetian had Li Jiao, along with two other officials, Zhang Deyu (張德裕) and Liu Xian (劉憲), review the cases. Zhang and Liu knew that the accusations were false, but feared Lai, and therefore initially failed to object to the judgments. Li Jiao advocated that they did, and so the three filed written objections. As a result, they offended Wu Zetian, and she demoted him to be the military advisor to the prefect of Run Prefecture (潤州, roughly modern
355:(內史), the head of the legislative bureau and also a post considered one for a chancellor. Also in 704, when Wu Zetian instituted a tax on the Buddhist monks and nuns of the realm to build a large Buddha statute, Li Jiao and Zhang Tinggui (張廷珪) opposed the project, and Wu Zetian eventually stopped it. Li Jiao then requested to be relieved of
248:) on an acting basis, and he began establishing a list of reserve officials who would draw salaries from the imperial treasury. Also around that time, Wu Zetian had established an imperial censorate to review local government affairs (右御史臺), which would send out censors to examine the local government affairs, leaving the capital
172:) Prefectures, and Emperor Gaozong launched an army to suppress it, with Li Jiao serving as the army's auditor. When the army reached Yong and Yan Prefectures, however, Li Jiao went to the rebel camps and persuaded the leaders to surrender, allowing the army to withdraw without a fight. He was later made imperial attendant (給事中,
454:
In 708, when
Emperor Zhongzong established an imperial literary institute Xiuwen Pavilion (修文館), Li Jiao was made a scholar at the institute, and Emperor Zhongzong often summoned the scholars for literary contests to be judged by Consort Shangguan. Also in 708, he was made minister of defense (兵部尚書,
438:
was repeatedly insulting him and trying to become crown princess to displace him, started a rebellion and killed Wu Sansi and Wu Sansi's son Wu
Chongxun (武崇訓, also Li Guo'er's husband). He subsequently marched on the palace, hoping to arrest Li Guo'er, Empress Wei, and Emperor Zhongzong's concubine
520:
pointed out that Li Jiao's suggestion was a faithful one, as far as
Empress Dowager Wei was concerned. Emperor Ruizong agreed, and while he issued an edict rebuking Li Jiao, he did not kill Li Jiao, although he made Li Jiao's son Li Changzhi (李暢之) the prefect of Qian Prefecture (虔州, roughly modern
252:
in the third month of the lunar year and returning in the 11th month to report on findings. Li Jiao, believing that the time was insufficient, suggested dividing the empire into 20 circuits so that the censors had smaller areas to review. Wu Zetian initially agreed, but after opposition by other
418:
and then depose
Empress Wei, Zhang, while being interrogated, openly accused Empress Wei and Wu Sansi of adultery. Li Jiao, Wei Juyuan, and Yang Zaisi were assigned to the investigation, in addition the censors Li Chengjia (李承嘉) and Yao Shaozhi (姚紹之). Wei and Yang acted as if they did not hear
475:
In 710, Emperor
Zhongzong died suddenly—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by Empress Wei and Li Guo'er, so that Empress Wei could become emperor like Wu Zetian and Li Guo'er could become crown princess. For the time, however, Emperor Zhongzong's son
419:
Zhang's accusation, while Li Jiao and Yao simply tried to have Zhang taken to prison for execution without acting on his accusation. Eventually, Wang and his associates were executed. Later that year, Li Jiao was again made the head of the legislative bureau, now with the title
350:
suggested that the officials at the central government be assigned to the prefectures and counties to serve as officials, offering to go first themselves. Wu Zetian had 20 officials randomly drawn, and neither Li Jiao nor Tang was sent out. Later in 704, Li Jiao was made acting
496:. Li Jiao made a secret proposal to her to have Li Dan's sons sent out of the capital to be prefectural officials—a proposal that Empress Dowager Wei either did not accept or had no chance to implement. Less than a month later, a coup led by Princess Taiping and Li Dan's son
516:). He soon retired. In 713, Emperor Ruizong found out that Li Jiao had submitted the secret suggestion to Empress Dowager Wei to exile Emperor Ruizong's sons. Some of the officials that Emperor Ruizong told this to suggested that Li Jiao be executed, but the chancellor
443:. Li Jiao was one of the officials who commanded imperial guards in countering Li Chongjun's attack, and Li Chongjun was eventually defeated and killed. Thereafter, Wei Yuanzhong, by this point a senior chancellor, was accused of association with Li Chongjun by
403:). It was said that when he was minister of civil service affairs, he, hoping to become chancellor again, expanded the roll of reserve officials and made many relatives and friends of powerful individuals reserve officials, in order to placate them.
383:, formerly emperor, was restored to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). Li Jiao was accused of having flattered Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong and was demoted out of the capital, to serve as the prefect of Yu Prefecture (豫州, roughly modern
423:(中書令). By this point, however, he had realized that his expansion of the roll of reserve officials was causing a major drain on the imperial treasury, and he, admitting this, offered to resign, an offer that Emperor Zhongzong declined.
410:(同中書門下三品), making him again a chancellor. That year, when Emperor Zhongzong's son-in-law Wang Tongjiao (王同皎) was accused of a treasonous plot with Zhang Zhongzhi (張仲之), Zu Yanqing (祖延慶), and Zhou Jing (周璟), of plotting to kill
346:(納言), the head of the examination bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. In 704, in response to the problem that imperial officials were not willing to be local officials, Li Jiao and fellow chancellor
235:
made a request for Zhou to return Tujue people who had previously submitted to Tang and also to grant a number of supplies that he needed, Li Jiao lodged an objection against the recommendation of the chancellors
114:), died early, and it was said that Li Jiao served his mother Lady Zhang with great filial piety. His literary talent began to be known when he was young, and his reputation matched that of
219:). (The officials, however, were still spared after Di was able to secretly deliver a petition proclaiming his innocence to Wu Zetian.) After some time, Li Jiao was recalled to serve as
529:) and had Li Jiao go with Li Changzhi to Qian Prefecture, effectively exiling him. At a later point, Li Jiao was made an advisor to the prefect of Lu Prefecture (廬州, roughly modern
508:
Li Jiao initially remained chancellor after
Emperor Ruizong's return to the throne, but about a month later was demoted to be the prefect of Huai Prefecture (懷州, roughly modern
757:
767:
244:
to comply, but Wu Zetian still granted Ashina Mochuo's requests. Later that year, he took over the selection of officials at the ministry of civil service affairs (春官部,
762:
312:), had his chancellor designation removed, because Wu Zetian did not want uncle and nephew to serve as chancellors at the same time. Li Jiao was instead made
802:
500:
the Prince of Linzi killed
Empress Wei and Li Guo'er. Emperor Shang was deposed, and Li Dan was restored to the throne (as Emperor Ruizong).
752:
797:
792:
787:
300:– and had Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong involved in the project as well. Later that year, after Wu Zetian named Li Jiao's uncle
193:
123:
67:
37:
90:
It is not known exactly when Li Jiao was born, but it is known that his family was from Zhao
Prefecture (趙州, roughly modern
658:
611:
641:
589:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
363:(同鳳閣鸞臺三品). Late in the year, he was removed of chancellor duties altogether, becoming minister of the treasury (地官尚書,
782:
583:
implied that he died some time after, but not immediately after, Emperor
Ruizong's return to the throne in 710. See
188:
was reigning as "emperor" of her new Zhou dynasty, interrupting Tang dynasty. That year, her secret police official
415:
375:
In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, in which Zhang Yizhi and Zhang
Changzong were killed. Wu Zetian's son
451:, and Li Jiao and Yang went along with Zong's and Ji's accusations; Wei was eventually exiled and died in exile.
376:
71:
517:
497:
227:), and he became largely responsible for drafting imperial edicts. While serving in that office, in 697, when
156:, Li Jiao became an imperial censor. At that time, there was a Lao (獠) rebellion in Yong (邕州, roughly modern
98:). He came from a prominent clan, and his great-granduncle Li Yuancao (李元操) was a well-known official during
489:
480:
the Prince of Wei, also by a concubine, was made emperor (as Emperor Shang). Empress Wei retained power as
301:
153:
75:
477:
79:
395:). Several months later, he was recalled to serve as deputy minister of civil service affairs (吏部侍郎,
280:
legitimacy in their entries into the palace, had Li Jiao head a project to create a work known as the
777:
772:
709:
130:
106:. His father Li Zhen'e (李鎮惡), who had served as the magistrate of Xiangcheng County (襄城, in modern
440:
391:), but before he departed for Yu Prefecture was made the prefect of Tong Prefecture (通州, in modern
327:, when Wu Zetian summoned Wei to Chang'an and had Li Jiao take over the responsibility at Luoyang.
26:
488:, and she, while consolidating her power, were apprehensive about Emperor Zhongzong's brother
323:, who was serving as official in charge of Luoyang while Wu Zetian was at the western capital
651:
634:
575:
569:
493:
56:
662:
645:
481:
414:
the Prince of Dejing (Wu Zetian's nephew), the lover of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife
277:
21:
668:
261:
746:
435:
232:
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119:
45:
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126:
99:
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17:
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427:
324:
273:
204:
189:
146:
142:
103:
639:
593:
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241:
431:
399:), and was soon promoted to be the minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書,
384:
212:
200:
196:
185:
115:
63:
223:(鳳閣舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (鳳閣,
448:
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293:
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509:
392:
249:
237:
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463:. He was also created the Duke of Zhao and given the honorific title
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330:
By 703, when Wu Zetian changed the name of the executive bureau from
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165:
134:
133:
at age 19 and was made the sheriff of Anding County (安定, in modern
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725:
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534:
530:
513:
388:
138:
111:
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indicated that he died at age 69, and both his biography in the
304:
as a chancellor, Li Jiao, who was by this point serving also as
118:, who was also from Zhao Prefecture. He already understood the
149:
and Liu Guangye (劉光業), became known for their literary talent.
492:
the Prince of Xiang, himself a former emperor, and his sister
207:, along with other officials Cui Xuanli (崔宣禮), Lu Xian (盧獻),
319:
By 702, Li Jiao was serving as deputy to the chancellor
308:(鸞臺侍郎), the deputy head of the examination bureau (鸞臺,
434:, was angry that Empress Wei's daughter Li Guo'er the
316:(成均祭酒), the principal of the imperial university.
272:. In 700, Wu Zetian, in order to give her lovers
359:duties, and was given the chancellor designation
253:officials, did not carry out Li Jiao's proposal.
141:). He was soon promoted to serve in the capital
708:that include collected poems of Li Jiao at the
8:
563:
561:
758:Chancellors under Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
547:Collection of Precious Glories (Zhuying ji)
406:In 706, Li Jiao was given the designation
288:) – a compilation of various poetry about
282:Essence of Pearls from the Three Religions
768:Chancellors under Emperor Ruizong of Tang
426:In 707, Emperor Zhongzong's crown prince
70:during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her sons
763:Chancellors under Emperor Shang of Tang
557:
371:During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
145:, and he, along with older colleagues
504:During Emperor Ruizong's second reign
7:
268:(同鳳閣鸞臺平章事), making him a chancellor
264:, when he was given the designation
459:) and remained chancellor with the
256:As of 698, Li Jiao was serving as
14:
122:at age 14 and was praised by the
342:(中臺左丞), when he was made acting
266:Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi
260:(秘書少監), the deputy head of the
184:By 692, Emperor Gaozong's wife
803:Three Hundred Tang Poems poets
164:) and Yan (巖州, roughly modern
41:
1:
338:(中臺), Li Jiao was serving as
152:Sometime during the reign of
55:(趙公), was an official of the
537:), where he died at age 69.
503:
471:During Emperor Shang's reign
370:
66:'s Zhou dynasty, serving as
753:Chancellors under Wu Zetian
567:Li Jiao's biography in the
461:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin
408:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin
819:
361:Tong Fengge Luantai Sanpin
15:
798:8th-century Chinese poets
793:7th-century Chinese poets
788:Chinese spiritual writers
441:Consort Shangguan Wan'er
192:had falsely accused the
180:During Wu Zetian's reign
470:
179:
710:Chinese Text Project
553:Notes and references
131:imperial examination
78:, and her grandson
51:(巨山), formally the
783:Tang dynasty poets
661:2008-02-26 at the
644:2008-02-10 at the
340:Zhongtai Zuo Cheng
129:. He passed the
72:Emperor Zhongzong
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652:New Book of Tang
635:Old Book of Tang
627:
626:
624:
623:
614:. Archived from
607:New Book of Tang
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592:. Archived from
585:Old Book of Tang
581:New Book of Tang
576:Old Book of Tang
570:New Book of Tang
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494:Princess Taiping
43:
818:
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813:
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743:
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663:Wayback Machine
646:Wayback Machine
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590:"舊唐書 列傳 卷四一至五十"
588:
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482:empress dowager
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457:Bingbu Shangshu
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365:Diguan Shangshu
306:Luantai Shilang
286:Sanjiao Zhuying
278:Zhang Changzong
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154:Emperor Gaozong
102:'s predecessor
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76:Emperor Ruizong
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612:"唐書 列傳 第四一至五五"
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705:Quan Tangshi
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620:. Retrieved
616:the original
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594:the original
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430:, born of a
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127:Xue Yuanchao
100:Tang dynasty
92:Shijiazhuang
89:
60:Tang dynasty
53:Duke of Zhao
52:
48:
33:
32:
25:
18:Chinese name
778:710s deaths
773:640s births
655:, vol. 123.
609:, vol. 123.
478:Li Chongmao
428:Li Chongjun
416:Empress Wei
367:) instead.
274:Zhang Yizhi
246:Chunguan Bu
205:Pei Xingben
194:chancellors
190:Lai Junchen
147:Luo Binwang
104:Sui dynasty
22:family name
747:Categories
638:, vol. 94.
622:2008-03-14
600:2008-03-14
587:, vol. 94
518:Zhang Shuo
445:Zong Chuke
321:Wei Juyuan
242:Yang Zaisi
174:Jishizhong
124:chancellor
86:Background
68:chancellor
498:Li Longji
432:concubine
385:Zhumadian
334:(文昌臺) to
213:Zhenjiang
201:Di Renjie
197:Ren Zhigu
186:Wu Zetian
116:Su Weidao
64:Wu Zetian
672:, vols.
659:Archived
642:Archived
579:and the
541:See also
449:Ji Chuna
412:Wu Sansi
336:Zhongtai
325:Chang'an
302:Zhang Xi
294:Buddhism
270:de facto
231:'s khan
143:Chang'an
16:In this
736:Book 61
731:Book 60
726:Book 59
721:Book 58
716:Book 57
527:Jiangxi
523:Ganzhou
510:Jiaozuo
393:Beijing
377:Li Xian
310:Luantai
284:(三教珠英,
250:Luoyang
238:Yao Shu
217:Jiangsu
170:Guangxi
162:Guangxi
158:Nanning
108:Xuchang
57:Chinese
38:Chinese
34:Li Jiao
490:Li Dan
486:regent
467:(特進).
357:Neishi
353:Neishi
298:Taoism
296:, and
225:Fengge
203:, and
166:Laibin
135:Dingxi
49:Jushan
40::
20:, the
535:Anhui
531:Hefei
514:Henan
465:Tejin
389:Henan
344:Nayan
139:Gansu
112:Henan
96:Hebei
605:and
484:and
447:and
379:the
276:and
240:and
74:and
62:and
690:210
686:209
682:208
678:207
674:206
176:).
44:),
24:is
749::
712::
688:,
684:,
680:,
676:,
560:^
533:,
525:,
512:,
387:,
292:,
215:,
199:,
168:,
160:,
137:,
110:,
94:,
82:.
42:李嶠
27:Li
692:.
625:.
603:.
36:(
30:.
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