46:
691:
703:
667:
631:
679:
90:
742:
232:
655:
715:
643:
727:
754:
65:
281:, where it grows on rocky hills. Grown in spring for its scented flowers, this large shrub or small tree is widely cultivated and has been naturalized in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. It is not regarded as an aggressive species. It is found in the wild in widely scattered sites, usually in the vicinity of past or present human habitations.
300:
from the base or roots, with stem diameters up to 20 cm (8 in), which in the course of decades may produce a small clonal thicket. The bark is grey to grey-brown, smooth on young stems, longitudinally furrowed, and flaking on older stems. The leaves are simple, 4–12 cm (2–5 in)
533:
of Nancy, France, introduced over 153 named cultivars, many of which are considered classics and still in commerce today. Lemoine's "French lilacs" extended the limited color range to include deeper, more saturated hues, and many of them are
485:
the flower clusters after the color has faded and before seeds, few of which are fertile, form. At the same time, twiggy growth on shoots that have flowered more than once or twice can be cut to a strong, outward-growing side shoot.
399:, soon had the rarity in their gardens: Gerard noted that he had lilacs growing "in very great plenty" in 1597. However, lilacs were never mentioned by Shakespeare and the 19th century botanist
815:
444:
of
Virginia had a fine "collection", which Ann Leighton interpreted as signifying common and Persian lilacs, in both purple and white, "the entire range of lilacs possible" at the time.
463:
in gardens and parks, because of its attractive, sweet-smelling flowers, which appear in early summer just before many of the roses and other summer flowers come into bloom.
505:
hybrids by
Isabella Preston, who introduced many of the later-blooming varieties. Their later-developing flower buds are better protected from late spring frosts. The
2591:
501:, because it "is symbolic of that hardy character of the men and women of the Granite State". Additional hardiness for Canadian gardens was bred for in a series of
2679:
870:
In second-growth woodlands of New
England, a thicket of lilac may be the first indication of the cellar-hole of a vanished 19th-century timber-framed farmhouse.
2874:
1508:
1567:
375:
the finer, smaller "Persian lilac", now considered a natural hybrid—were introduced into northern
European gardens at the end of the 16th century, from
2529:
1576:
313:
6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually lilac to mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in dense, terminal
690:
2604:
2542:
2774:
2702:
2914:
2899:
931:
2490:
1540:
1121:
991:
702:
407:
in the 17th century. Tradescant's source for information on the lilac, and perhaps ultimately for the plants, was
Italian naturalist
2894:
1200:
891:
788:
1162:
2578:
913:
2904:
2645:
1560:
2753:
630:
2609:
666:
2666:
2316:
1213:
1347:
726:
493:
in western and northern Europe. In a sign of its complete naturalization in North
America, it has been selected as the
2800:
2418:
1399:
923:
842:
555:
1239:
654:
2787:
919:
741:
494:
2684:
1373:
678:
45:
2889:
2640:
2290:
2240:
1553:
1056:
404:
384:
89:
2879:
2707:
2296:
1644:
490:
2792:
935:
529:, the majority of which do not exceed 4–5 m (13–16 ft) tall. Between 1876 and 1927, the nurseryman
2270:
2184:
1477:
413:
2521:
2443:
1530:
753:
2884:
2516:
2371:
2158:
2137:
2080:
408:
1295:
1269:
801:
642:
411:, as one can tell from a unique copy of Tradescant's plant list in his Lambeth garden, an adjunct of his
301:
and 3–8 cm broad, light green to glaucous, oval to cordate, with pinnate leaf venation, a mucronate
2310:
2210:
2048:
2043:
1598:
1425:
559:
482:
347:
206:
2547:
2409:
2064:
1321:
619:
The flowers of common lilac are edible and used for flavoring honeys, sugars, food and other sweets.
2694:
2464:
2250:
2173:
2069:
1951:
1823:
1754:
1712:
714:
400:
366:
1890:
1522:
958:
433:
54:
2658:
2846:
2280:
2236:
2220:
2200:
2142:
2096:
1966:
1654:
1614:
84:
2838:
2779:
2596:
2728:
2622:
2451:
1941:
1808:
1744:
1593:
1517:
1196:
1117:
987:
887:
856:
784:
342:
236:
2909:
2733:
2570:
2111:
2106:
2017:
1998:
1798:
1669:
1664:
1064:
828:
460:
310:
278:
270:
241:
231:
481:
Common lilac tends to flower profusely in alternate years, a habit that can be improved by
296:
shrub or multi-stemmed small tree, growing to 6–7 m (20–23 ft) high. It produces
2715:
1849:
927:
594:
535:
392:
388:
318:
297:
266:
127:
2508:
2766:
2761:
2276:
2230:
2133:
2033:
2012:
2008:
1874:
1859:
1788:
1728:
1695:
1170:
530:
467:
376:
306:
114:
2868:
2617:
2260:
2246:
2127:
1982:
1957:
1855:
1839:
1764:
1545:
1502:
498:
422:
337:
222:
74:
69:
2851:
2456:
2320:
2168:
2154:
2123:
2102:
2029:
1451:
1010:
was identified in 1828, when naturalist Anton Rocher found truly wild specimens in
475:
437:
274:
2423:
2805:
2632:
403:
was of the opinion that the
Persian lilac was introduced into English gardens by
2828:
2671:
2653:
2555:
2403:
2306:
1896:
1660:
441:
396:
2394:
1091:
305:, and an entire margin. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in
2743:
1988:
1978:
1931:
1640:
733:
2495:
2503:
2477:
2256:
2164:
1921:
1905:
1886:
1814:
1768:
1700:
1536:
293:
2818:
17:
2813:
2433:
2388:
2300:
2226:
2060:
1937:
1917:
1900:
1865:
1845:
1818:
1804:
1760:
1681:
1650:
1630:
547:
526:
314:
302:
173:
163:
153:
140:
2720:
478:. No fall color is seen and the seed clusters have no aesthetic appeal.
2534:
2266:
2216:
1927:
1774:
1691:
1624:
1620:
1589:
1011:
262:
183:
432:
In the
American colonies, lilacs were introduced in the 18th century.
421:. That Tradescant's "lilac of Mattioli's" was a white one is shown by
2560:
2092:
1947:
1794:
1740:
1717:
1610:
448:
427:
Trees found in Mrs
Tredescants Ground when it came into my possession
2365:
417:; it was printed, though probably not published, in 1634: it lists
317:
8–18 cm (3–7 in) long. The fruit is a dry, smooth, brown
2583:
2482:
2196:
1992:
1869:
1835:
1778:
1750:
1685:
1634:
904:
395:
about 1562. Well-connected botanists, such as the great herbalist
230:
101:
2286:
2206:
2039:
2002:
1784:
379:
gardens, not through botanists exploring the Balkan habitats of
322:
2469:
2369:
1549:
321:, 1–2 cm long, splitting in two to release the two-winged
1025:
383:. The Holy Roman Emperor's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire,
1501:
1478:"Edible Wild Food Blog » Lilac Flowers for Eye Health"
1023:
Their first appearance by name in
English print was in the
1116:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
451:
where it is loved for its flowers and multistem features.
1136:
B. Ing, "An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews", in
513:
hybrids range primarily in the pink and lavender shades.
538:"sports", with the stamens replaced by extra petals.
963:(1 ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 9
2378:
447:It is also slowly making its way into the world of
436:, wrote to the Pennsylvania gardener and botanist
1152:New Hampshire Revised Statute Annotated (RSA) 3:5
309:of three. The flowers have a tubular base to the
1452:"How to Eat Lilacs (and Other Ways to Use Them)"
440:, proposing to send him some, and remarked that
353:means "common" (in the sense of "widespread").
1561:
387:, is generally credited with supplying lilac
340:in 1753 and the description was published in
8:
1080:(University of Massachusetts Press) 1986:445
775:
773:
2366:
1568:
1554:
1546:
1092:"Ma-Ke Bonsai Care Guide for Common Lilac"
1078:American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century
569:'Andenken an Ludwig Späth' (deep pink/red)
466:In late summer, lilacs can be attacked by
63:
44:
33:
1163:"Plant Profiles - Chicago Botanic Garden"
1044:Early British Botanists and their Gardens
882:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
1055:Written in the endpapers of his copy of
878:
876:
586:'Sensation' (purple flowers edged white)
769:
626:
829:Biota of North Idaho America Program,
1114:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
7:
2695:15219d7d-cc03-4f04-bf91-699efe230477
986:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley.
884:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
857:Illinois wildflowers, common lilac,
607:'Mrs Edward Harding' (deep pink/red)
2875:IUCN Red List least concern species
932:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2353:, beautification and conservation
1577:State flowers of the United States
1541:University of California, Berkeley
1046:(Oxford: Frederick Hall) 1922:339.
1042:(1838:49), noted in R.T. Gunther,
25:
2793:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:289009-2
938:from the original on 6 June 2023
752:
740:
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
610:'Primrose' (pale yellow flowers)
336:was first formally described by
88:
1193:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
914:International Plant Names Index
636:Flowers and heart-shaped leaves
1090:D'Cruz, Mark (16 April 2020).
589:'Vestale' (pure white flowers)
1:
1891:Pink and white lady's slipper
1067:; printed in Gunther 1922:346
601:'Katherine Havemeyer' (lilac)
583:'Firmament' (pale lilac-blue)
459:The lilac is a very popular
391:to the Dutch horticulturist
2915:Symbols of New York (state)
2900:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1218:'Andenken an Ludwig Späth'"
982:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
924:Harvard University Herbaria
843:Altervista Flora Italiana,
781:Trees of Britain and Europe
556:Royal Horticultural Society
2931:
2341:, state children's flower
1840:White pine cone and tassel
920:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
29:Species of flowering plant
2330:
2291:Bougainvillea spectabilis
1583:
405:John Tradescant the elder
385:Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
212:
205:
85:Scientific classification
83:
61:
52:
43:
36:
2895:Plants described in 1753
1655:Rocky Mountain columbine
1191:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1006:The botanic homeland of
604:'Madame Lemoine' (white)
429:(1662): "Syringa alba".
1509:Encyclopædia Britannica
1456:Practical Self Reliance
984:RHS Latin for Gardeners
957:Linnaeus, Carl (1753).
696:'Mme. Francisque Morel'
434:Peter Collinson, F.R.S.
414:Musaeum Tradescantianum
2347:, state floral emblem
1625:Saguaro cactus blossom
1512:(11th ed.). 1911.
1352:'Katherine Havemeyer'"
1167:www.chicagobotanic.org
779:Rushforth, K. (1999).
732:Branch end displaying
521:Most garden plants of
409:Pietro Andrea Mattioli
245:
2905:Plants used in bonsai
1404:'Mrs Edward Harding'"
580:- pale lilac flowers)
565:With single flowers:
560:Award of Garden Merit
234:
2185:Tennessee coneflower
2174:Purple passionflower
2112:Penngift crown vetch
2049:Large white trillium
1755:Syringa, mock orange
425:'s manuscript list,
2335:: state wildflower
1967:Pink lady's slipper
1523:Plants for a Future
759:Single lilac flower
747:Buds of white lilac
329:Taxonomy and naming
55:Conservation status
2241:Coast rhododendron
1599:Oak-leaf hydrangea
1518:"Syringa vulgaris"
1173:on 28 October 2022
554:have received the
246:
2862:
2861:
2729:Open Tree of Life
2372:Taxon identifiers
2363:
2362:
2271:Indian paintbrush
2044:Scarlet carnation
2034:Wild prairie rose
2013:Flowering dogwood
1789:Wild prairie rose
1745:Hawaiian hibiscus
1378:'Madame Lemoine'"
960:Species Plantarum
572:'Esther Staley' (
472:Erysiphe syringae
343:Species Plantarum
229:
228:
78:
16:(Redirected from
2922:
2890:Medicinal plants
2855:
2854:
2842:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2744:Syringa_vulgaris
2737:
2736:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2675:
2674:
2672:NBNSYS0000003950
2662:
2661:
2649:
2648:
2636:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2599:
2587:
2586:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2498:
2486:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:Syringa vulgaris
2399:
2398:
2397:
2380:Syringa vulgaris
2367:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2231:American dogwood
2192:
2191:
2181:
2180:
2150:
2149:
2138:Yellow jessamine
2119:
2118:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2056:
2055:
2025:
2024:
1974:
1973:
1913:
1912:
1882:
1881:
1850:Black-eyed susan
1831:
1830:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1708:
1707:
1677:
1676:
1670:Mirabilis jalapa
1645:California poppy
1606:
1605:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1539:photo database,
1532:Syringa vulgaris
1527:
1513:
1505:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1428:Syringa vulgaris
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1402:Syringa vulgaris
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1376:Syringa vulgaris
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1350:Syringa vulgaris
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1324:Syringa vulgaris
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1298:Syringa vulgaris
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1272:Syringa vulgaris
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1248:'Esther Staley'"
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1216:Syringa vulgaris
1210:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1169:. Archived from
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:.1 (1990:24–27).
1134:
1128:
1127:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1065:Bodleian Library
1053:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1004:
998:
997:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
907:Syringa vulgaris
901:
895:
880:
871:
868:
862:
859:Syringa vulgaris
854:
848:
845:Syringa vulgaris
840:
834:
831:Syringa vulgaris
826:
820:
817:Syringa vulgaris
814:Flora Europaea:
812:
806:
803:Syringa vulgaris
798:
792:
777:
756:
744:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
633:
552:Syringa vulgaris
497:of the state of
461:ornamental plant
348:specific epithet
334:Syringa vulgaris
298:secondary shoots
290:Syringa vulgaris
279:Balkan Peninsula
250:Syringa vulgaris
242:Vincent van Gogh
218:
216:Syringa vulgaris
198:S. vulgaris
93:
92:
72:
67:
66:
48:
38:Syringa vulgaris
34:
21:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2880:Flora of Europe
2865:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2716:Observation.org
2714:
2706:
2701:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2630:MichiganFlora:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2595:
2590:
2582:
2577:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2281:Paogo (Ulafala)
2189:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2147:
2146:
2116:
2115:
2107:Mountain laurel
2085:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2053:
2052:
2022:
2021:
1971:
1970:
1910:
1909:
1879:
1878:
1875:Dwarf lake iris
1828:
1827:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1705:
1704:
1674:
1673:
1665:Mountain laurel
1603:
1602:
1579:
1574:
1516:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1022:
1018:
1005:
1001:
994:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
903:
902:
898:
881:
874:
869:
865:
855:
851:
841:
837:
827:
823:
813:
809:
800:Med-Checklist:
799:
795:
778:
771:
767:
760:
757:
748:
745:
736:
730:
721:
718:
709:
708:'Maréchal Foch'
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
670:
661:
658:
649:
646:
637:
634:
625:
617:
544:
536:double-flowered
519:
470:, specifically
457:
419:Lilac Matthioli
393:Carolus Clusius
359:
331:
287:
267:flowering plant
225:
220:
214:
201:
87:
79:
68:
64:
57:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:wfo-0000818704
2843:
2833:
2823:
2810:
2797:
2784:
2771:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2725:
2712:
2699:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2627:
2614:
2601:
2588:
2575:
2565:
2552:
2539:
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1246:hyacinthiflora
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1138:The Mycologist
1129:
1123:978-1405332965
1122:
1105:
1094:. Ma-Ke Bonsai
1082:
1076:Ann Leighton,
1069:
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2321:Yellow elder
2315:
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2183:
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2141:
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2097:Oregon grape
2091:
2079:
2068:
2059:
2047:
2038:
2028:
2016:
2007:
1997:
1993:Yucca flower
1987:
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1962:Purple lilac
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1609:
1597:
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1507:
1481:. Retrieved
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1427:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1401:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1375:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1349:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1323:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:'Sensation'"
1297:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:'Firmament'"
1271:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1245:
1241:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1215:
1208:
1195:. Macmillan
1192:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1166:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1113:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1085:
1077:
1072:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1007:
1002:
983:
977:
965:. Retrieved
959:
952:
940:. Retrieved
912:
906:
899:
883:
866:
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852:
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802:
796:
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592:
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573:
564:
551:
545:
522:
520:
510:
506:
502:
495:state flower
488:
480:
476:Erysiphaceae
471:
465:
458:
446:
438:John Bartram
431:
426:
418:
412:
380:
371:
367:
362:
361:Lilacs—both
360:
350:
346:. The Latin
341:
333:
332:
289:
288:
259:common lilac
258:
254:
249:
248:
247:
235:
215:
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197:
196:
184:
147:
134:
121:
108:
37:
31:
26:
2654:NatureServe
2556:iNaturalist
2404:Wikispecies
2301:Flores mayo
2261:Wood violet
1430:'Primrose'"
1008:S. vulgaris
967:27 December
523:S. vulgaris
503:S. vulgaris
491:naturalised
483:deadheading
455:Cultivation
442:John Custis
401:John Loudon
397:John Gerard
381:S. vulgaris
363:S. vulgaris
292:is a large
285:Description
128:Angiosperms
2869:Categories
2836:WisFlora:
2767:kew-356495
2762:Plant List
2441:Calflora:
2221:Red clover
1932:Bitterroot
1483:12 January
1462:12 January
1326:'Vestale'"
1098:4 February
783:. Collins
765:References
734:fasciation
672:'Corondel'
615:Other uses
511:prestoniae
273:Oleaceae,
237:Lilac Bush
18:Lilac bush
2522:220013210
2504:FloraBase
2211:Sego lily
2143:Goldenrod
2081:Mistletoe
1952:Sagebrush
1942:Goldenrod
1860:Mayflower
1809:Goldenrod
1799:Sunflower
1537:CalPhotos
1063:, in the
1061:Paradisus
1040:Arboretum
928:Libraries
548:cultivars
527:cultivars
517:Cultivars
294:deciduous
192:Species:
98:Kingdom:
2826:VASCAN:
2819:23000032
2814:Tropicos
2741:PalDat:
2659:2.144583
2623:61919333
2597:11333323
2584:611185-1
2431:BioLib:
2395:Q6565319
2389:Wikidata
1922:Hawthorn
1906:Tickseed
1901:Magnolia
1819:Magnolia
1769:Milkweed
1701:Tickseed
1594:Camellia
1038:Loudon,
936:Archived
507:Syringa
389:cuttings
351:vulgaris
315:panicles
174:Oleaceae
170:Family:
164:Lamiales
154:Asterids
141:Eudicots
75:IUCN 3.1
2910:Syringa
2641:MoBotPF
2535:5415039
2333:Italics
1535:in the
1436:5 March
1410:5 March
1384:5 March
1358:5 March
1332:5 March
1306:5 March
1280:5 March
1254:5 March
1242:Syringa
1224:5 March
1177:25 June
1012:Balkans
942:30 July
623:Gallery
377:Ottoman
372:persica
319:capsule
311:corolla
277:to the
263:species
261:, is a
185:Syringa
180:Genus:
160:Order:
102:Plantae
73: (
2775:PLANTS
2734:733236
2692:NZOR:
2646:282932
2496:176377
2470:595648
2424:447393
2128:Violet
1983:Violet
1765:Violet
1718:Azalea
1199:
1120:
990:
926:&
916:(IPNI)
890:
787:
684:'Etna'
648:'Alba'
449:bonsai
307:whorls
275:native
271:family
253:, the
244:, 1889
2806:99011
2751:PFI:
2703:NZPCN
2685:34270
2610:32996
2592:IRMNG
2571:11529
2568:IPA:
2561:83072
2548:36122
2509:16839
2491:EUNIS
2483:SYRVU
2457:542H2
2444:12918
2434:40418
1779:Peony
1432:. RHS
1406:. RHS
1380:. RHS
1354:. RHS
1328:. RHS
1302:. RHS
1276:. RHS
1250:. RHS
1220:. RHS
593:With
323:seeds
255:lilac
240:, by
148:Clade
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
2839:5186
2829:6735
2788:POWO
2780:SYVU
2754:3979
2721:7532
2708:2720
2680:NCBI
2633:1742
2618:IUCN
2605:ITIS
2579:IPNI
2543:GRIN
2530:GBIF
2478:EPPO
2419:APNI
2311:Maga
2169:Iris
2003:Rose
1485:2022
1464:2022
1438:2021
1412:2021
1386:2021
1360:2021
1334:2021
1308:2021
1282:2021
1256:2021
1226:2021
1197:ISBN
1179:2018
1118:ISBN
1100:2021
988:ISBN
969:2015
944:2023
888:ISBN
785:ISBN
720:Wood
525:are
365:and
303:apex
2847:WFO
2801:RHS
2667:NBN
2517:FNA
2465:EoL
2452:CoL
1059:'s
1026:OED
558:'s
550:of
265:of
257:or
2871::
2849::
2816::
2803::
2790::
2777::
2764::
2731::
2718::
2705::
2682::
2669::
2656::
2643::
2620::
2607::
2594::
2581::
2558::
2545::
2532::
2519::
2506::
2493::
2480::
2467::
2454::
2421::
2406::
2391::
2356:BC
2350:FE
2344:CH
2338:WF
2317:VI
2307:PR
2297:MP
2287:GU
2277:AS
2267:WY
2257:WI
2247:WV
2237:WA
2227:VA
2217:VT
2207:UT
2197:TX
2190:WF
2182:,
2179:WF
2171:,
2165:TN
2155:SD
2148:WF
2140:,
2134:SC
2124:RI
2117:BC
2109:,
2103:PA
2093:OR
2086:FE
2078:,
2075:WF
2067:,
2061:OK
2054:WF
2046:,
2040:OH
2030:ND
2023:WF
2015:,
2009:NC
1999:NY
1989:NM
1979:NJ
1972:WF
1964:,
1958:NH
1948:NV
1938:NE
1928:MT
1918:MO
1911:WF
1903:,
1897:MS
1887:MN
1880:WF
1872:,
1866:MI
1856:MA
1846:MD
1836:ME
1829:WF
1821:,
1815:LA
1805:KY
1795:KS
1785:IA
1775:IN
1767:,
1761:IL
1751:ID
1741:HI
1734:FE
1726:,
1723:WF
1713:GA
1706:WF
1698:,
1692:FL
1682:DE
1675:CH
1667:,
1661:CT
1651:CO
1641:CA
1631:AR
1621:AZ
1611:AK
1604:WF
1596:,
1590:AL
1520:.
1506:.
1454:.
1244:Ă—
1165:.
934:.
930:;
922:;
918:.
911:.
886:.
875:^
772:^
597::
576:Ă—
574:S.
562::
370:Ă—
368:S.
325:.
223:L.
150::
137::
124::
111::
1569:e
1562:t
1555:v
1526:.
1487:.
1466:.
1440:.
1426:"
1414:.
1400:"
1388:.
1374:"
1362:.
1348:"
1336:.
1322:"
1310:.
1296:"
1284:.
1270:"
1258:.
1240:"
1228:.
1214:"
1203:.
1181:.
1141:5
1126:.
1102:.
1014:.
996:.
971:.
946:.
909:"
905:"
894:.
791:.
509:Ă—
77:)
20:)
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