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species. Females without attached males and free-living males do not have well-developed sexual organs, so it seems that they must be attached for maturation and reproduction to occur. A 77-mm female
Linophryne arborifera, with a 15-mm parasitic male, was observed to have numerous eggs embedded in a gelatinous mass (the so-called “egg raft” or “veil,” a reproductive device characteristic of all lophiiform fishes) protruding from the genital opening; the eggs, 0.6–0.8mm in diameter, are among the largest known for any ceratioid.
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dorsal-fin rays 3 (rarely 4), anal-fin rays 3 (rarely 2 or 4), branchiostegal rays 5 (rarely 4), and a sinistral (opens to the left) anus. The eyes of linophrynid males are very well developed and unique among ceratioids in being tubular and directed somewhat forward. The nostrils of linophrynid males are also large and well developed.
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Based on finding empty stomachs in captured free-living males, scientists think linophrynid males are unable to feed during their free-living stage after metamorphosis. Also, the “short and stout” denticulars of the upper and lower jaws of these males do not seem suitable for prey capture, and the
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In the family
Linophrynidae, males are obligatory sexual parasites. Attached males are nearly always found upside down, facing forward, and attached to the belly close to the anus. In all specimens found so far, only one male is attached to each female, which differs from some other angler fish
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At a length of up to 77 mm (3 inches), females are significantly larger than the males, which reach only about 15 mm (0.6 inches). After metamorphosis they are black in color. They have no scales and gelatinous skin. They are different from all other ceratioid families in having
305:, the top light organ has been likened to a pearl onion and contains luminous bacteria. The barbels, which look like seaweed fronds, do not contain bacteria but complex paracrystalline photogenic granules. The esca is ectodermal in origin whereas the barbel organs may be derived from the
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include fishes and crustaceans. Attached males obtain their nutrition from the female. They attach to the female with their jaws on her ventral surface. Blood vessels and tissues between them become integrated, allowing nutrients to pass from the female to the male.
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Munk, O, Bertelsen, E, Histology of the attachment between the parasitic male and the female in the deep-sea anglerfish
Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902) (Pisces, Ceratioidei). Vidensk. Meddr. Dansk Naturh. Foren., 144: 49-74,
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has not only a luminous lure on the head, called the esca (Latin for “food”), but also a multibranched barbel hanging from the lower jaw. The barbel filaments contain many more bioluminescent organs.
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Pietsch, TW, Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes), Ichthyol Res (2005) 52: 207–236
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Pietsch, TW, Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes), Ichthyol Res (2005) 52: 207–236
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Pietsch, TW, Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes), Ichthyol Res (2005) 52: 207–236
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Anderson, ME, Leslie RW, Review of the deep-sea anglerfishes (lophiiformes: ceratioidei) of southern Africa. Ichthyological
Bulletin 70-:1-32, 2001.
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alimentary canal is undeveloped. Current understanding is that free-living males die after a few months if they do not attach to a female.
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bear barbels containing luminous organs in addition to an escal light organ attached to the head. In
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Several species of deep-sea fish have luminous organs used to attract prey. Females of the genus
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is found in all tropical and subtropical oceans at depths below 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
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Astonishing
Animals: Extraordinary Creatures and the Fantastic Worlds They Inhabit
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Hansen, K., Herring, P. Dual bioluminescent systems in the anglerfish genus
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2002 article in
Microbiology Today on bioluminescence in marine animals
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440:(Pisces: Ceratioidea). Journal of Zoology, 182(1):103-124, 1977
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Frogfish page on anglerfish, including linophryne arborifera
244:, which is Greek for “tree-bearing flax-toad.” The female
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378:. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004. Page 192.
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717:IUCN Red List least concern species
337:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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737:Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan
494:Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox,
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271:Recorded prey of the genus
238:The literal translation is
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40:Drawing by Dr Tony Ayling
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455:"Linophryne arborifera"
284:Growth and reproduction
732:Fish described in 1925
563:Linophryne arborifera
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330:Linophryne arborifera
261:Linophryne arborifera
241:Linophryne arborifera
204:Linophryne arborifera
186:Linophryne arborifera
25:Linophryne arborifera
374:and Peter Schouten,
209:illuminated netdevil
326:Arnold, R. (2015).
47:Conservation status
168:L. arborifera
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134:Lophiiformes
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611:iNaturalist
557:Wikispecies
398:read online
722:Linophryne
711:Categories
438:Linophryne
313:References
299:Linophryne
273:Linophryne
246:Linophryne
213:anglerfish
155:Linophryne
357:24 August
228:parasitic
162:Species:
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
655:21112889
629:10853711
585:FishBase
548:Q2203026
542:Wikidata
487:FishBase
464:18 April
307:mesoderm
211:, is an
140:Family:
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
67:IUCN 3.1
681:3630280
603:2414349
267:Feeding
215:of the
150:Genus:
130:Order:
120:Class:
65: (
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668:159181
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616:615743
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230:male.
217:family
195:, 1925
689:WoRMS
624:IRMNG
590:17013
577:3V442
207:, or
193:Regan
663:OBIS
650:IUCN
637:ITIS
598:GBIF
500:ISBN
466:2006
418:1983
359:2024
342:2015
572:CoL
346:doi
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