2632:
593:
603:
598:
2723:
1212:
27:
Relatively few
African American newspapers have been published in Rhode Island. The first known such newspaper, and the only one published in the 19th century, was
2733:
2728:
1924:
2274:
35:(1879–1880). Rhode Island was thus the only state to show a net drop in African American newspapers between 1880 and 1890, namely from 1 to 0, as
2637:
2627:
2521:
2302:
844:
2254:
2023:
2009:
993:
A History of New
England: Containing Historical and Descriptive Sketches of the Counties, Cities and Principal Towns of the Six New England States
48:
In addition to its
African American newspapers, Rhode Island is the site of another important advancement in the history of the Black press: when
41:
1011:
C.A. Cooke and Co.'s United States
Newspaper Directory Revised, Containing Names of All the Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in America
974:
History and
Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States: With a Catalogue of the Publications of the Census Year
2107:
2016:
1205:
2738:
2310:
608:
2653:
1960:
908:
632:
2268:
2687:
1324:
2345:
1855:
1198:
694:
56:
in 1906, he was the first
African American to head a daily newspaper that catered to the white community. Upon leaving the
2465:
1918:
2458:
2079:
1685:
1299:
2338:
1394:
1227:
17:
2205:
1833:
1773:
1408:
2694:
1766:
1478:
1443:
2444:
2373:
2065:
1897:
1415:
1292:
562:
505:
460:
423:
366:
326:
276:
221:
152:
100:
106:
158:
2184:
2149:
2072:
1988:
1974:
1787:
1590:
1520:
1485:
1359:
1306:
1278:
642:
Lemons, J. Stanley; Lambert, Diane (2003). "John Carter
Minkins: Pioneering African-American Newspaperman".
62:
2680:
2622:
2549:
2401:
2366:
2331:
1794:
1699:
1678:
1607:
1429:
1264:
227:
49:
2002:
1664:
1636:
1513:
1464:
350:
28:
2598:
2556:
2191:
2114:
2086:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1752:
1629:
1622:
1569:
1492:
1373:
2591:
2563:
2296:
2198:
2170:
2121:
2051:
1904:
1745:
1650:
1541:
1499:
1401:
1338:
671:
36:
450:
2577:
2493:
2408:
2359:
2282:
2163:
1953:
1911:
1713:
1671:
1576:
1422:
1331:
845:"RI's Media Decline — Projo Staff Cuts, Providence American Stops Printing and Pivots to Digital"
659:
2380:
179:
1078:
2486:
2324:
2156:
2142:
2093:
2030:
1890:
1731:
1643:
1562:
1534:
1436:
1257:
1062:
1009:
972:
904:
690:
675:
628:
535:
526:
490:
481:
396:
387:
306:
297:
253:
244:
193:
184:
175:
132:
123:
66:, which under his leadership gave front-page coverage to issues affecting African Americans.
2701:
2479:
2437:
2289:
2247:
2212:
1946:
1759:
1583:
1555:
1471:
1457:
1450:
1380:
1345:
1271:
1250:
651:
2584:
2570:
2535:
2317:
2226:
2219:
2128:
2058:
2044:
1932:
1738:
1706:
1548:
1506:
1387:
1366:
901:
An assessment of life in Rhode Island as an
African American in the era from 1918 to 1993
2605:
2528:
2451:
2352:
2261:
2233:
2135:
2037:
1801:
1527:
1285:
1154:
1124:
1034:
943:
874:
816:
776:
622:
2717:
2387:
2100:
1780:
1657:
1615:
1352:
2674:
2542:
2394:
2177:
1995:
1981:
1939:
1883:
1815:
21:
2415:
2240:
1967:
1808:
359:
Only
African American newspaper published in Rhode Island through at least 1890.
530:
485:
391:
301:
248:
188:
127:
2658:
2472:
1692:
1064:
Afro-American
Encyclopedia: Or, the Thoughts, Doings, and Sayings of the Race
2500:
1094:
875:"About Providence chronicle. [volume] (Providence, R.I.) 1939-1957"
624:
African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography
1190:
539:
494:
400:
310:
257:
197:
136:
2514:
663:
2507:
655:
1177:
1175:
991:
Howard, R. H.; Crocker, Henry E. (1881). "Ballou, Esq. John H.".
687:
Historical Statistics of Black America: Media to Vital Statistics
799:
797:
1194:
206:
211:
Founded by Frank Graham, and purchased by Peter Wells in 2006.
1125:"About The north star. (Providence [R.I.]) 1977-19??"
817:"About The Providence American. (Providence, R.I.) 198?-201?"
685:
Smith, Jessie Carney; Horton, Carrell Peterson, eds. (1995).
1149:
1147:
1145:
1035:"About The Ebenezer grapevine. (Providence, R.I.) 1978-198?"
1155:"About Ocean state grapevine. (Providence, R.I.) 1986-198?"
869:
867:
865:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
24:. It includes both current and historical newspapers.
2633:
National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame
73:
728:
726:
594:
List of African American newspapers and media outlets
1083:. Sampson & Murdock Company. 1896. p. 1858.
621:
Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E., eds. (1998).
604:
List of African American newspapers in Massachusetts
2667:
2646:
2615:
2429:
1847:
1825:
1723:
1600:
1316:
1242:
1235:
1226:
94:
91:
986:
984:
599:List of African American newspapers in Connecticut
1119:
1117:
1115:
966:
964:
944:"About The citizen. (Providence, R.I.) 1968-197?"
777:"About The advance. (Providence, R.I.) 1906-19??"
353:, Rhode Island's first African American attorney.
145:Suspended publication from June to December 1935.
1080:The New England Business Directory and Gazetteer
548:Billed as “Rhode Island’s only Black newspaper.”
1004:
1002:
977:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 333.
938:
936:
934:
932:
555:, and published by Coach's Cultural Hour, Inc.
1206:
1057:
1055:
771:
769:
767:
765:
756:
744:
8:
1099:Notable Kentucky African Americans Database
923:
1239:
1232:
1213:
1199:
1191:
2638:National Newspaper Publishers Association
2628:National Association of Black Journalists
1181:
1067:. Haley & Florida. 1895. p. 134.
1014:. Cook, C.A. & Co. 1881. p. 177.
839:
837:
803:
52:became editor-in-chief of the Providence
20:that have been published in the state of
2724:African-American history of Rhode Island
356:Weekly circulation of approximately 500.
2024:The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)
2010:The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)
710:
677:The Afro-American Press and Its Editors
449:Published by J.W. Henderson. Edited by
42:The Afro-American Press and Its Editors
60:in 1911, Minkins purchased the weekly
1095:"McKay, Barney M. [McDougal]"
416:Published by Ebenezer Baptist Church.
7:
2734:Newspapers published in Rhode Island
2729:Lists of African-American newspapers
2017:The Colored American (New York City)
732:
717:
995:. Crocker & Company. p. 7.
971:North, Simon Newton Dexter (1884).
609:List of newspapers in Rhode Island
14:
2654:Perry Publishing and Broadcasting
1961:Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune
2688:Genius of Universal Emancipation
1325:African-American News and Issues
2346:Southwestern Christian Advocate
903:. Vantage Press. p. 111.
319:Published by John E. Singleton
266:Published by William D. Wiley.
1:
2466:The Colored American Magazine
269:Circulation of 1,541 in 1951.
2276:The Philadelphia Independent
1686:Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
1300:The Washington Afro-American
627:. Harvard University Press.
1395:The Burning Spear Newspaper
214:Became online-only in 2019.
18:African American newspapers
2755:
2739:Rhode Island-related lists
2206:The Mississippi Enterprise
521:Twice-monthly or biweekly
2675:Abolitionist publications
1479:The Jacksonville Advocate
1444:Florida Sentinel Bulletin
757:Lemons & Lambert 2003
745:Lemons & Lambert 2003
644:The New England Quarterly
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
2445:Black Issues Book Review
2374:The Winter Park Advocate
1416:The Charleston Chronicle
1293:The Philadelphia Tribune
1101:. University of Kentucky
899:Bell, Andrew J. (1997).
2185:Metro Herald (Virginia)
1975:The Chicago Conservator
1788:The Sacramento Observer
1591:Winston-Salem Chronicle
1521:The New Orleans Tribune
1486:Jacksonville Free Press
1360:Baltimore Afro-American
1307:The Washington Informer
1279:New York Amsterdam News
924:Smith & Horton 1995
680:. Willey & Company.
429:New England Torch Light
159:The Providence American
2681:The Anti-Slavery Bugle
2623:Associated Negro Press
2550:Our Women and Children
2402:Afro-American Sentinel
2332:The Seattle Republican
1795:San Francisco Bay View
1700:The St. Louis American
1679:The Michigan FrontPage
1430:The Christian Recorder
1265:New Pittsburgh Courier
1221:African American press
1184:, p. 438, ¶ 4564.
806:, p. 477, ¶ 4969.
433:New England Torchlight
372:The Ebenezer Grapevine
2003:The Cleveland Gazette
1665:Indianapolis Recorder
1637:The Cincinnati Herald
1514:New Journal and Guide
1465:Houston Forward Times
1182:Danky & Hady 1998
1161:. Library of Congress
1131:. Library of Congress
1041:. Library of Congress
950:. Library of Congress
881:. Library of Congress
823:. Library of Congress
804:Danky & Hady 1998
783:. Library of Congress
511:Ocean State Grapevine
411:Ocean State Grapevine
63:Rhode Island Examiner
2599:Visions Metro Weekly
2192:The Michigan Citizen
2115:Indianapolis Freeman
1877:Arkansas State Press
1870:The Aliened American
1863:The Alaska Spotlight
1753:Los Angeles Sentinel
1630:The Chicago Defender
1623:The Chicago Crusader
1570:The Triangle Tribune
1493:The Louisiana Weekly
1374:The Baptist Vanguard
672:Penn, Irvine Garland
228:Providence Chronicle
2592:Transition Magazine
2297:The Progressive Era
2199:Mirror of the Times
2171:Memphis Free Speech
2122:Indianapolis Leader
2052:Detroit Plaindealer
1905:Atlanta Independent
1651:Fort Wayne Ink Spot
1542:Richmond Free Press
1500:Louisville Defender
1402:Carolina Peacemaker
1339:Atlanta Daily World
1159:Chronicling America
1129:Chronicling America
1039:Chronicling America
948:Chronicling America
879:Chronicling America
821:Chronicling America
781:Chronicling America
759:, pp. 424–425.
720:, pp. 113–114.
170:Biweekly or monthly
50:John Carter Minkins
37:Irvine Garland Penn
2360:The Washington Sun
2353:The Washington Bee
2283:Pittsburgh Courier
2269:The People's Voice
2164:The McDowell Times
1954:The Carolina Times
1912:The Black Dispatch
1714:St. Louis Sentinel
1672:Michigan Chronicle
1577:Tri-State Defender
1423:The Charlotte Post
1332:Atlanta Black Star
553:Ebenezer Grapevine
16:This is a list of
2711:
2710:
2425:
2424:
2325:The Rights of All
2157:Louisville Leader
2143:Jackson Eagle Eye
2094:Frost Illustrated
2087:Freedom's Journal
2031:Daily Negro Times
1919:The Black Panther
1891:Athens Republique
1843:
1842:
1774:Portland Observer
1732:Arizona Informant
1644:The Columbus Post
1563:Tennessee Tribune
1535:The Orlando Times
1437:The Dallas Weekly
1258:Buffalo Criterion
689:. Gale Research.
585:
584:
551:Successor to the
476:Monthly newspaper
382:Monthly newspaper
351:John Henry Ballou
118:Monthly newspaper
29:John Henry Ballou
2746:
2702:The National Era
2438:Black Enterprise
2339:The Shining Star
2290:Portland New Age
2248:New National Era
1947:California Eagle
1760:Los Angeles Wave
1584:The Village Beat
1556:Savannah Tribune
1472:Jackson Advocate
1458:Houston Defender
1451:The Florida Star
1381:Birmingham Times
1346:Atlanta Inquirer
1272:The New York Age
1251:Bay State Banner
1240:
1233:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1031:
1016:
1015:
1006:
997:
996:
988:
979:
978:
968:
959:
958:
956:
955:
940:
927:
921:
915:
914:
896:
890:
889:
887:
886:
871:
860:
859:
857:
856:
841:
832:
831:
829:
828:
813:
807:
801:
792:
791:
789:
788:
773:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
721:
715:
700:
681:
667:
638:
409:Followed by the
74:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2663:
2642:
2611:
2571:Sister 2 Sister
2421:
2381:The Woman's Era
2318:Richmond Planet
2304:Ravenswood Post
2227:Nashville Globe
2220:Muhammad Speaks
2059:Detroit Tribune
2045:The Denver Star
1933:Boston Guardian
1839:
1821:
1739:Black Lens News
1719:
1707:St. Louis Argus
1596:
1549:Roanoke Tribune
1507:The Miami Times
1388:Black Chronicle
1367:Baltimore Times
1312:
1222:
1219:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1019:
1008:
1007:
1000:
990:
989:
982:
970:
969:
962:
953:
951:
942:
941:
930:
926:, p. 1207.
922:
918:
911:
898:
897:
893:
884:
882:
873:
872:
863:
854:
852:
849:GoLocalProv.com
843:
842:
835:
826:
824:
815:
814:
810:
802:
795:
786:
784:
775:
774:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
724:
716:
712:
707:
697:
684:
670:
656:10.2307/1559809
641:
635:
620:
617:
590:
72:
12:
11:
5:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2409:The Enterprise
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2262:Pacific Appeal
2258:
2255:The North Star
2251:
2244:
2237:
2234:The Negro Star
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2136:Iowa Bystander
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2038:Dallas Express
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1834:The Final Call
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1802:Seattle Medium
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1528:Oklahoma Eagle
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1409:The Carolinian
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1286:Our Time Press
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1171:
1141:
1111:
1086:
1070:
1051:
1017:
998:
980:
960:
928:
916:
909:
891:
861:
833:
808:
793:
761:
749:
747:, p. 413.
737:
735:, p. 114.
722:
709:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
695:
682:
668:
650:(3): 413–438.
639:
633:
616:
613:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
589:
586:
583:
582:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
565:
559:
558:
557:
556:
549:
544:
543:
542:
533:
522:
519:
516:
513:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
497:
488:
477:
474:
471:
468:
466:The North Star
463:
457:
456:
455:
454:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
426:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
405:
404:
403:
394:
383:
380:
377:
374:
369:
363:
362:
361:
360:
357:
354:
345:
343:
340:
337:
334:
332:Eastern Review
329:
323:
322:
321:
320:
315:
314:
313:
304:
293:
290:
287:
284:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
267:
262:
261:
260:
251:
240:
237:
234:
231:
224:
218:
217:
216:
215:
212:
209:
202:
201:
200:
191:
182:
171:
168:
165:
162:
155:
149:
148:
147:
146:
141:
140:
139:
130:
119:
116:
113:
110:
103:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
71:
68:
33:Eastern Review
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2751:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:The Liberator
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:Organizations
2614:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:Omaha Monitor
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2311:The Reflector
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2101:Gary American
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:Richmond Post
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1658:Gary Crusader
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:Call and Post
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1353:Atlanta Voice
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1003:
999:
994:
987:
985:
981:
976:
975:
967:
965:
961:
949:
945:
939:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
912:
910:9780533120659
906:
902:
895:
892:
880:
876:
870:
868:
866:
862:
850:
846:
840:
838:
834:
822:
818:
812:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
782:
778:
772:
770:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
711:
704:
698:
692:
688:
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
634:9780674007888
630:
626:
625:
619:
618:
614:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
554:
550:
547:
546:
545:
541:
537:
534:
532:
528:
525:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
487:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
452:
448:
447:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
415:
412:
408:
407:
406:
402:
398:
395:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
358:
355:
352:
348:
347:
346:
344:
341:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
318:
317:
316:
312:
308:
305:
303:
299:
296:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
268:
265:
264:
263:
259:
255:
252:
250:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
230:
229:
225:
223:
220:
219:
213:
210:
208:
207:Official site
205:
204:
203:
199:
195:
192:
190:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
161:
160:
156:
154:
151:
150:
144:
143:
142:
138:
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
109:
108:
104:
102:
99:
98:
92:Call numbers
75:
69:
67:
65:
64:
59:
58:News-Democrat
55:
54:News-Democrat
51:
46:
44:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
23:
19:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2647:Corporations
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2543:Negro Digest
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2395:Western Post
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2178:Memphis Post
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2066:The Elevator
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1996:The City Sun
1994:
1987:
1982:Chicago Whip
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1940:The Broad Ax
1938:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1898:Athens Voice
1896:
1889:
1884:Athens Blade
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1856:The Advocate
1854:
1832:
1816:Sun-Reporter
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1767:Oakland Post
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1163:. Retrieved
1158:
1133:. Retrieved
1128:
1103:. Retrieved
1098:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1063:
1043:. Retrieved
1038:
1010:
992:
973:
952:. Retrieved
947:
919:
900:
894:
883:. Retrieved
878:
853:. Retrieved
851:. 2019-01-30
848:
825:. Retrieved
820:
811:
785:. Retrieved
780:
752:
740:
713:
686:
676:
647:
643:
623:
567:
552:
510:
465:
451:Barney McKay
432:
428:
410:
371:
331:
281:
226:
157:
105:
61:
57:
53:
47:
40:
39:recorded in
32:
26:
22:Rhode Island
15:
2522:The Horizon
2416:Omaha Guide
2241:Negro World
2150:Louisianian
2073:The Equator
1989:The Circuit
1968:Chicago Bee
1926:Black Times
1809:The Skanner
615:Works cited
282:The Citizen
107:The Advance
2718:Categories
2659:Real Times
2473:The Crisis
2367:The Appeal
1693:Omaha Star
1228:Newspapers
1165:2020-01-16
1135:2020-01-16
1105:2020-01-21
1045:2020-01-16
954:2020-01-16
885:2020-01-16
855:2020-01-16
827:2020-01-16
787:2020-01-16
705:References
696:0810393921
563:Providence
531:sn92064032
506:Providence
486:sn92063999
461:Providence
424:Providence
392:sn92063967
367:Providence
349:Edited by
327:Providence
302:sn92063966
277:Providence
249:sn85042514
222:Providence
189:sn92063968
153:Providence
128:sn92063903
101:Providence
89:Frequency
83:Beginning
70:Newspapers
2557:Right On!
2501:The Fader
2430:Magazines
1746:The Facts
1243:Northeast
733:Penn 1891
718:Penn 1891
180:1521-0197
2564:The Root
2108:Harambee
1826:National
1609:The Call
674:(1891).
588:See also
540:25323430
495:25480200
401:25323389
311:25323334
258:12597287
198:25323488
137:25116082
95:Remarks
2668:Related
2515:theGrio
2494:Essence
2080:Freedom
1848:Defunct
1601:Midwest
664:1559809
568:The Sun
167:current
2508:Fire!!
2487:Emerge
2459:Clutch
1236:Active
907:
693:
662:
631:
577:Weekly
538:
529:
493:
484:
442:Weekly
399:
390:
342:Weekly
309:
300:
292:Weekly
256:
247:
239:Weekly
196:
187:
178:
135:
126:
80:Title
2480:Ebony
1317:South
660:JSTOR
572:1890s
518:1980s
437:1890s
379:1980s
289:1970s
77:City
2585:Tint
2578:Soul
2536:King
2213:Mojo
1724:West
905:ISBN
691:ISBN
629:ISBN
536:OCLC
527:LCCN
515:1986
491:OCLC
482:LCCN
470:1977
397:OCLC
388:LCCN
376:1978
339:1880
336:1879
307:OCLC
298:LCCN
286:1968
254:OCLC
245:LCCN
236:1957
233:1939
194:OCLC
185:LCCN
176:ISSN
164:1986
133:OCLC
124:LCCN
112:1906
86:End
2606:YSB
2529:Jet
2452:BLK
2129:Ink
652:doi
31:'s
2720::
1174:^
1157:.
1144:^
1127:.
1114:^
1097:.
1054:^
1037:.
1020:^
1001:^
983:^
963:^
946:.
931:^
877:.
864:^
847:.
836:^
819:.
796:^
779:.
764:^
725:^
658:.
648:76
646:.
431:/
45:.
1214:e
1207:t
1200:v
1168:.
1138:.
1108:.
1048:.
957:.
913:.
888:.
858:.
830:.
790:.
699:.
666:.
654::
637:.
473:?
453:.
413:.
115:?
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.