20:
1994:
311:
redemption using a mixture of
Spanish and Indian religious practices. The rebellion aimed "to restore pre-Columbian social and religious elements that had been destroyed by the Spanish conquest." The Acaxee took up strong positions in the mountains and shut down most silver mining and other economic
786:
and subdued neighboring areas. Another formal end was made in 1915, when a
Mexican general was sent to subdue the territory. He introduced reforms from the revolution that ended some of the grievances. However, skirmishes with small settlements that refused to acknowledge Mexican control continued
107:
of disparate communities into villages or missions where
Christianity was enforced were common causes of revolt. After independence, continued encroachment on indigenous land rights was the primary cause of conflict. Resistance has persisted into the 21st century, such as with the ongoing
782:. By 1867 the Maya occupied parts of the western part of the Yucatán. But growing investment in Mexico changed British policy, and in 1893 it ceased to recognize the Maya state. The war unofficially ended in 1901 when the Mexican army occupied the Maya capital of
473:, and other Spanish settlements, and more than a hundred settlers were killed. Oacpicagigua surrendered to Captain José Díaz del Carpio on March 18, 1752 after a negotiated peace. When the Pima leaders laid the blame for the revolt on
641:
allies, which left thousands of people dead. The
Comanche raids were sparked by the declining military capability of Mexico during the turbulent years after it gained independence in 1821, as well as a large and growing market in the
832:
grew rapidly in strength, eventually coming to dominate
Morelos and the surrounding states. After the Zapatistas defeated the attempts of four successive national governments to subjugate the state, Zapata's successor
1484:
362:
against oppressive labor conditions, suppression of traditional religious beliefs, and
Spanish violence. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province.
2227:
1432:
434:, and Chol peoples participating. The rebels renounced the authority of the Catholic hierarchy and established a priesthood of indigenous men. The rebel army called itself the “soldiers of the Virgin.”
461:, New Spain. The revolt culminated from decades of violence by the local Spanish settlers against Indians beginning in 1684. While the 15,000 rebels had no central authority, the charismatic
2252:
915:
1074:
335:
Indians attempted to break free from
Spanish rule. The revolt was crushed by 1620 after a large loss of life on both sides. It is estimated that 400 Spaniards and 1000 Indians died.
173:. Over the course of nearly 400 years, the Spanish and the Mexicans repeatedly launched military campaigns into Yaqui territory which resulted in several serious battles and
1096:
312:
activities in their homeland for nearly two years. In 1603, Perico and most of the leadership of the revolt were killed, but resistance struggled on for 4 more years.
2257:
1642:
276:. War between the Mexicans and the Apache was especially intense from 1831 into the 1850s. Thereafter, Mexican operations against the Apache coincided with the
523:, and managed to establish a short lived breakaway state in Totonicapán with a free indigenous government. The rebellion was concurrent with the independence of
1436:
2232:
250:
Chichimeca military victory: several peace treaties led to the pacification and, ultimately, the streamlined integration of the native populations into the
231:
Confederation (including the
Zacateco, Guachichil, Pame, Guamare, Caxcan, Tepecano, Tecuexe, and Otomi) established in the territories today known as the
546:
The Texas–Indian wars were a series of conflicts between
Spanish, Mexican, and later Anglo settlers in Texas and Native peoples of Texas, especially the
465:
was influential in unifying them under a single war plan. The initial act of rebellion was the massacre of 18 settlers lured to
Oacpicagigua's home in
2222:
1301:
920:
774:, or the local white and mixed-race elites. By the 1840s, economic development had led to Maya peasants being stripped of their land and forced into
1803:
1788:
967:
Wilcox, Michael V., "The Pueblo Revolt and the Mythology of conquest: an Indigenous archaeology of contact", University of California Press, 2009
2115:
2247:
1245:
1082:
867:
243:. The Chichimeca War is recorded as the longest and most expensive military campaign confronting the Spanish Empire and indigenous people in
19:
96:
2202:
713:
481:
2212:
878:'s enactment. This led to the establishment by the Zapatistas of an autonomous area under their control in the state. It has involved
170:
1130:
Powell, Philip Wayne, Mexico's Miguel Caldera: The Taming of America's First Frontier, 1548-1597, University of Arizona Press, 1977,
2237:
2207:
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1958:
1729:
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1603:
1599:
1583:
1579:
1551:
1272:
1262:
986:
693:. The Chumash revolt was the largest organized resistance movement to occur during the Spanish and Mexican periods in California.
2197:
690:
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1973:
701:
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724:
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and Cabécare, he launched a series of attacks on Spanish settlements. After some initial success, the authorities in
359:
2090:
2143:
2105:
2160:
2148:
2138:
2085:
2055:
407:
315:
Spanish victory, but better treatment for Natives and some rebels were able to join the Tepehuán Revolt in 1616.
2110:
1615:
Casares G. Cantón, Raúl; Duch Colell, Juan; Antochiw Kolpa, Michel; Zavala Vallado, Silvio; et al. (1998).
606:
2080:
1953:
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1823:
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174:
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1433:"ATANASIO TZUL FUE UNO DE LOS LIDERES DEL LEVANTAMIENTO COLONIAL INDÍGENA DE TOTONICAPÁN EN 1820. | Conamigua"
712:
Anastasio Aquino's Rebellion was an uprising led by Salvadoran indigenous leader Anastasio Aquino against the
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1983:
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1898:
1818:
2015:
1963:
1938:
1913:
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1828:
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751:
232:
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1838:
259:
1933:
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91:
Anti-colonial rebellions by the indigenous peoples of Central America had precedence in resistance to the
78:
2020:
1908:
1853:
535:
1943:
1868:
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200:
people of northwestern Mexico against the Spanish conquerors. The war was named after Mixtón, a hill in
82:
678:
1237:
Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494-2007
469:. In the ensuing three months, Oacpicagigua and more than a hundred other men attacked the mission at
1745:
838:
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504:
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24:
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launched a retaliatory expedition. Talamanca and its allies were defeated and the leaders executed.
2002:
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against the Spanish and Mexican presence in their ancestral lands. The rebellion began in 3 of the
396:
180:
Successful resistance leading to superior treatment of Native Americans in North and South America
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1520:
1512:
1399:
1391:
821:
809:
236:
109:
834:
320:
1374:
Roberto Mario Salmón (July 1988). "A Marginal Man: Luis of Saric and the Pima Revolt of 1751".
272:
The Apache–Mexico Wars began in the 1600s with the arrival of Spanish colonists in present-day
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1622:
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1547:
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Defiance and Deference in Mexico's Colonial North: Indians Under Spanish Rule in Nueva Vizcaya
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285:
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Spanish victory, but the leaders would be pardoned due to the ongoing Independence struggles
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1383:
853:
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296:
46:
34:
1153:
829:
795:
783:
674:
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1118:
778:. The revolt was assisted by the United Kingdom because of the value of its trading with
740:
458:
1485:"The End of the 1824 Chumash Revolt in Alta California: Father Vicente Sarría's Account"
689:, and spread to the surrounding villages. All three missions are located in present-day
1567:
1419:
Una rebelión indígena en el partido de Totonicipán en 1820: el indio y la independencia
879:
666:
512:
508:
427:
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308:
224:
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155:
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Rio del Norte: People of the Upper Rio Grande from Earliest Times to the Pueblo Revolt
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1403:
887:
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555:
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85:
38:
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The Indian Christ, the Indian King: The Historical Substrate of Maya Myth and Ritual
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1288:
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680:Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico
775:
638:
551:
167:
92:
1692:
1023:
1340:
Soldiers of the Virgin: An Ethohistorical Analysis of the Tzeltal Revolt of 1712.
1192:
Susan M. Deeds, quoted from Schmal, John P. "The History of Indigenous Durango."
16:
Conflicts between colonizers and indigenous nations in Mexico and Central America
893:
Ongoing, in a mostly static, peaceful accommodation with the Mexican government
763:
454:
442:
392:
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277:
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66:
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of his people into a series of Spanish-controlled villages. Together with the
388:
273:
228:
143:
104:
100:
74:
33:
were conflicts of resistance initiated by indigenous peoples against European
1766:
1508:
2007:
1075:"Paco Ignacio Taibo II, documenta el brutal genocidio yaqui en nuestro país"
817:
516:
419:
288:. Mexico continued to operate against hostile Apache bands as late as 1915.
251:
201:
159:
70:
54:
42:
1146:
1993:
1352:
Ewing, Russell C. (October 1938). "The Pima Outbreak in November, 1751".
1267:(August 15, 2004 ed.). University of New Mexico Press. p. 189.
1179:
630:
547:
470:
466:
240:
58:
1542:
Lands of Promise and Despair: Chronicles of Early California, 1535-1846
1516:
1395:
1014:
Forbes, Jack D., "Apache, Navaho, and Spaniard", Oklahoma, 1960 pp. 112
883:
871:
813:
590:
431:
423:
519:. The revolt was in response to the excessive tribute demanded by the
626:
484:
in 1767) they were pardoned by the colonial governor Ortiz Parrilla.
474:
197:
163:
62:
50:
1500:
1387:
554:. These conflicts began when the first wave of settlers moved into
49:, as well as their respective successor states. The latter include
1240:. Internet Archive. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland. p. 65.
875:
844:
Successful: Morelos was able to conduct land reform according the
649:
Eventual American victory, with Comanche forced onto reservations
634:
598:
594:
571:
18:
1290:, By, Andrew L. Knaut, University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1995
426:
rose in rebellion. It was a multiethnic revolt, with 32 towns of
239:. The epicenter of the hostilities was the region now called the
1770:
1469:
Delay, Brian. "Independent Indians and the U.S. Mexican War."
870:(EZLN) coordinated a 12-day Zapatista uprising in the state of
597:, and forced removal of other peoples such as the Comanche and
566:
arrived, to the subsequent declaration of independence by the
1097:"Paco Ignacio Taibo II narra genocidio de yaquis en México"
816:
had been facing decades of encroachment by sugar-producing
916:
List of battles won by Indigenous peoples of the Americas
331:
The Tepehuán Revolt broke out in Mexico in 1616 when the
103:, the expansion of colonial territory, and the forceful
366:
Pueblo victory and expulsion of the Spanish until 1692
223:
The Chichimeca War was a military conflict between the
2228:
Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America
1147:
LatinoLA|Comunidad: The Indigenous People of Zacatecas
824:
of their inhabitants. Throughout the next nine years,
570:. The conflicts did not end until thirty years after
307:
A man named Perico initiated the rebellion promising
1659:. Secretaria de Educación Publica. pp. 152–158.
1038:. Secretaria de Educación Publica. pp. 152–158.
735:
The Chimayó Rebellion was a popular insurrection in
387:, Pablo Presbere, intercepted a letter ordering the
354:
The Pueblo Revolt was an uprising of the indigenous
121:
Indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America
2001:
1802:
1721:
The History of Mexico: From Pre-Conquest to Present
1699:. San José State University Department of Economics
1302:"Conmemoración del levantamiento de Pablo Presbere"
137:
134:
125:
31:
Indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America
1574:. Vol 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
1539:
762:The Caste War of Yucatán was the revolt of Native
665:The Chumash revolt of 1824 was an uprising of the
41:that occurred in the territory of the continental
1194:http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/durango.html
2253:Indigenous rebellions against the Spanish Empire
1572:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
1483:Beebe, Rose Marie; Senkewicz, Robert M. (1996).
1329:. Austin: University of Texas Press 1981, p. 63.
958:Salt Lake City: U of UT Press, 1995, pp. 247–251
1223:. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
1209:Salt Lake City: U of UT Press, 2000, pp 160-161
1166:"Chiricahua History: The apache - mexican wars"
527:and other Latin American wars of independence.
1456:Smith, Ralph A. "The Comanches' Foreign War."
1782:
837:was able to negotiate a peace with President
625:. There were large-scale raids into northern
418:In 1712, a number of Maya communities in the
8:
2116:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
503:The Totonicapán Uprising was an uprising of
1746:"Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN)"
848:and the indigenous villages were restored.
1789:
1775:
1767:
1641:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1382:(1). The Americas, Vol. 45, No. 1: 61–77.
812:began in 1911, the indigenous villages of
204:which served as an Indigenous stronghold.
119:
1566:Nichols, Christopher M. "Caste Wars." In
1369:
1367:
1342:Tucson: University of Arizona Press 1992.
981:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
921:List of Indian massacres in North America
617:The Comanche–Mexico Wars was the Mexican
558:. They continued through Texas's time as
1546:. Santa Clara: Santa Clara University.
1538:Beebe, Rose; Senkewicz, Robert (2001).
932:
1634:
646:for stolen Mexican horses and cattle.
515:, located in the western highlands of
487:Negotiated surrender, rebels pardoned
291:Eventual Mexican and American victory
196:The Mixtón War was a rebellion by the
2258:Rebellions against the Spanish Empire
868:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
99:. During the period of Spanish rule,
7:
1119:Sixteenth Century Indigenous Jalisco
482:expelled from Spain and its colonies
358:against the New Spanish province of
2233:Violence against indigenous peoples
1205:Deeds, p. 25; Gradie, Charlotte M.
886:Maya, other indigenous groups, and
714:Federal Republic of Central America
1473:, Vo. 112, No. 1 (Feb 2007), p. 35
14:
1657:Morelos: Monografía estatal: 1982
1103:. 14 October 2013. Archived from
1036:Morelos: Monografía estatal: 1982
2223:Wars involving the United States
1992:
1959:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1417:Contreras R., J. Daniel (1951).
1050:"Rebeliones indígenas en México"
691:Santa Barbara County, California
453:The Pima Revolt was a revolt of
154:The Yaqui Wars were a series of
944:. University of Oklahoma Press.
601:onto reservations in Oklahoma.
235:, called by the Conquistadores
1724:. Routledge. pp. 338–41.
1471:The American Historical Review
1024:Yaqui history: A Short History
1:
2248:Central America-related lists
1671:"Morelos: The Land of Zapata"
1594:Nichols. "Caste Wars" 2001.
1300:Asamblea Legislativa (1997).
796:Mexican Revolution in Morelos
1460:Vol. 24–25, 1985–1986, p. 21
1435:. 2015-05-07. Archived from
1354:New Mexico Historical Review
1309:Actos y Debates Legislativos
1261:David Pike (November 2003).
1234:Clodfelter, Micheal (2008).
1219:Gradie, Charlotte M (2000).
1207:The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616.
702:Anastasio Aquino's Rebellion
1221:The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616
911:Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II
457:against colonial forces in
2274:
2203:Wars involving El Salvador
1797:Rebellions in the Americas
1325:Victoria Reifler Bricker.
562:, when more Europeans and
2213:Wars involving Costa Rica
2134:
2101:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1990:
1421:. IMPRENTA UNIVERSITARIA.
852:
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719:Central American victory
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585:of peoples including the
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2238:Rebellions-related lists
2208:Wars involving Nicaragua
2193:Wars involving Guatemala
2121:Turks and Caicos Islands
1121:." Accessed Dec 23, 2010
1056:(in Spanish). 2017-01-20
1005:", Accessed Dec 24, 2010
1003:The History of Zacatecas
866:On January 1, 1994, the
667:Chumash Native Americans
43:Viceroyalty of New Spain
2198:Wars involving Honduras
1750:Encyclopædia Britannica
1152:March 14, 2016, at the
874:, Mexico in protest of
233:Central Mexican Plateau
135:Description of dispute
2036:British Virgin Islands
1196:, accessed 27 Jan 2011
940:Davies, Nigel (1973).
166:Republic, against the
27:
23:Depiction of the 1521
2218:Wars involving Belize
2188:Wars involving Mexico
1949:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1458:Great Plains Journal.
977:Deeds, Susan (2003).
942:The Aztecs: A History
683:Mission Santa Barbara
284:, such as during the
22:
2243:Mexico-related lists
2183:Wars involving Spain
1618:Yucatán en el tiempo
1054:Arqueología Mexicana
826:a revolutionary army
752:Caste War of Yucatán
607:Comanche–Mexico Wars
521:colonial authorities
493:Totonicapán Uprising
25:Fall of Tenochtitlan
2126:U.S. Virgin Islands
1969:Trinidad and Tobago
1814:Antigua and Barbuda
1621:. Mérida, Yucatán.
1264:Roadside New Mexico
687:Mission La Purisima
671:California Missions
122:
77:, and parts of the
1879:Dominican Republic
954:Riley, Carroll L.
822:proletarianization
810:Mexican Revolution
679:Mission Santa Inés
581:American victory;
260:Apache–Mexico Wars
237:La Gran Chichimeca
120:
110:Zapatista uprising
28:
2170:
2169:
1693:"Emiliano Zapata"
1691:Watkins, Thayer.
1247:978-0-7864-3319-3
1117:Schmal, John P. "
1001:Schmal, John P. "
897:
896:
768:Yucatán Peninsula
739:against governor
725:Chimayó Rebellion
568:Republic of Texas
536:Texas–Indian wars
463:Luis Oacpicagigua
408:Tzeltal Rebellion
286:Victorio Campaign
116:List of conflicts
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790:Mexican victory
780:British Honduras
746:Mexican victory
696:Mexican victory
437:Spanish victory
402:Spanish victory
374:'s insurrection
338:Spanish victory
297:Acaxee Rebellion
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162:, and the later
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47:British Honduras
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820:and the steady
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2003:Dependencies
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1437:the original
1427:
1418:
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1379:
1376:The Americas
1375:
1360:(4): 337–46.
1357:
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1078:
1069:
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1053:
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1030:
1019:
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972:
963:
955:
950:
941:
935:
859:January 1994
787:until 1933.
776:debt bondage
771:
770:against the
741:Albino Pérez
639:Kiowa Apache
552:Lipan Apache
507:against the
478:missionaries
459:Pimería Alta
383:The king of
101:forced labor
93:Aztec Empire
90:
30:
29:
2081:Puerto Rico
2008:territories
1954:Saint Lucia
1889:El Salvador
764:Maya people
574:joined the
513:Totonicapán
455:Pima people
443:Pima Revolt
278:Apache Wars
245:Mesoamerica
129:Start date
67:El Salvador
2177:Categories
2076:Montserrat
2071:Martinique
2066:Guadeloupe
1864:Costa Rica
1443:2020-10-12
1136:0816505691
1101:Vanguardia
1060:2021-04-27
927:References
906:Arauco War
737:New Mexico
633:and their
422:region of
360:New Mexico
309:millennial
274:New Mexico
229:Chichimeca
186:Mixtón War
144:Yaqui Wars
75:Costa Rica
2149:Caribbean
2061:Greenland
1984:Venezuela
1929:Nicaragua
1899:Guatemala
1819:Argentina
1804:Sovereign
1755:April 19,
1637:cite book
1525:145143125
1509:0003-1615
1404:147168058
818:haciendas
808:When the
772:Yucatecos
587:Karankawa
517:Guatemala
420:Soconusco
389:reduction
385:Talamanca
254:society.
202:Zacatecas
175:massacres
160:New Spain
132:End date
105:reduction
71:Nicaragua
55:Guatemala
2016:Anguilla
1964:Suriname
1939:Paraguay
1914:Honduras
1874:Dominica
1859:Colombia
1829:Barbados
1703:10 April
1697:sjsu.edu
1150:Archived
900:See also
631:Comanche
583:genocide
548:Comanche
471:Tubutama
333:Tepehuán
227:and the
158:between
79:Southern
59:Honduras
2046:Curaçao
2031:Bonaire
2026:Bermuda
1979:Uruguay
1919:Jamaica
1894:Grenada
1884:Ecuador
1839:Bolivia
1824:Bahamas
1676:23 July
1517:1007619
1396:1007327
888:Ladinos
884:Tzotzil
880:Tzeltal
872:Chiapas
828:led by
814:Morelos
766:of the
629:by the
621:of the
619:theater
591:Akokisa
432:Tzotzil
428:Tzeltal
424:Chiapas
397:Cartago
280:of the
252:Spanish
171:Indians
164:Mexican
138:Result
83:Western
1934:Panama
1924:Mexico
1904:Guyana
1849:Canada
1844:Brazil
1834:Belize
1806:states
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627:Mexico
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198:Caxcan
63:Belize
51:Mexico
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1909:Haiti
1854:Chile
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1521:S2CID
1513:JSTOR
1400:S2CID
1392:JSTOR
1305:(PDF)
876:NAFTA
863:2014
805:1920
759:1933
756:1847
732:1837
729:1837
709:1833
706:1832
662:1824
659:1824
635:Kiowa
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611:1821
599:Caddo
595:Bidai
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497:1820
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269:1915
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241:Bajío
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190:1540
168:Yaqui
151:1929
148:1533
126:Name
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2006:and
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1869:Cuba
1757:2016
1726:ISBN
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1678:2020
1643:link
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