2139:
3936:
2577:
3618:
3413:
2393:
3754:
2725:
1959:
19:
2905:
2206:) of North America and Asia respectively. The former can have a wingspan of 133β142 cm (4.36β4.66 ft), weigh 0.98β2.1 kg (2.2β4.6 lb) and measure 56β69 cm (22β27 in) in length. The weight of the upland buzzard, which can be in the range of 0.95β2.05 kg (2.1β4.5 lb), broadly overlaps that of the ferruginous hawk, even though it is slightly larger at 57β72 cm (22β28 in) long and with a wingspan of 143β161 cm (56β63 in).
3783:) of the sub-Antarctic oceans, which has the largest wingspan of any living bird. The maximum dimensions of this species are a length of 1.44 m (4.7 ft) and a wingspan of 3.65 m (12.0 ft). Unverified specimens have been reported to measure 5.3 m (17 ft). Immature wandering albatrosses have weighed as much as 15.9 kg (35 lb) at the time of their first flights, with the maximum reported weight of adults being 12.7 kg (28 lb).
3049:) are the heaviest birds capable of flight, averaging up to 16 kg (35 lb) and weighing 2 to 3 times as much as their female counterparts. It is not resolved if one of these species is larger than the other, but both can reach a weight of at least 21 kg (46 lb) and measure up to 1.53 m (5.0 ft) long. Some kori bustards have been reported from 23 kg (51 lb) to even 40 kg (88 lb), but all such reports are unverified or dubious.
3839:
3008:
3106:
1943:
4055:
1931:
2634:), all of which weigh up to 8 to 9 kg (18 to 20 lb). The greater adjutant and marabou nearly equal the Andean condor in maximum wingspan, with all three birds believed to reach or exceed a wingspan of 3.16 m (10.4 ft). Standing up to 1.53 m (5.0 ft), with a wingspan of up to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) and a weight up to 5 kg (11 lb), the African
4017:) of coastal Russia and Japan. Record-sized specimens of both species have weighed approximately 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) and measured over 0.75 m (2.5 ft) long. In either species, the wingspan can range up to 2 m (6.6 ft). Longer still, but not as massive as the previous species (never more than 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) in weight), a large female
31:
3980:
4092:. A large male ostrich can reach a height of 2.8 m (9.2 ft) and weigh over 156 kg (344 lb). A mass of 200 kg (440 lb) has been cited for the ostrich but no wild ostriches of this weight have been verified. Eggs laid by the ostrich are the largest in the world, weighing 1.4 kg (3.1 lb). The
4210:, though a few other quetzals approach similar sizes. It can weigh more than 226 g (8.0 oz) and, in females and non-breeding or immature males, they can measure up to 0.4 m (1.3 ft) from the head to the tail. Upon developing tail streamers, adult males can reach lengths of up to 0.6 m (2.0 ft).
2781:). Both flightless species may have exceeded 1 m (3.3 ft) in height. The dodo is frequently cited as the largest-ever pigeon, potentially weighing as much as 28 kg (62 lb), although recent estimates have indicated that an average wild dodo weighed much less at approximately 10.2 kg (22 lb).
3613:), this species typically weighs 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) and stands up to 1.53 m (5.0 ft) tall. At maximum, a male can weigh up to 4.55 kg (10.0 lb) and stand as high as 1.87 m (6.1 ft). Wingspan is relatively small in flamingos, ranging up to 1.65 m (5.4 ft).
4488:
Grealy, Alicia; Miller, Gifford H.; Phillips, Matthew J.; Clarke, Simon J.; Fogel, Marilyn; Patalwala, Diana; Rigby, Paul; Hubbard, Alysia; Demarchi, Beatrice; Collins, Matthew; Mackie, Meaghan; Sakalauskaite, Jorune; Stiller, Josefin; Clarke, Julia A.; Legendre, Lucas J. (2023-02-28).
3678:) of the Southeast United States and Cuba approached similar sizes at up to 0.5 m (1.6 ft) in length, with a wingspan of 0.78 m (2.6 ft) and a mass of at least 530 g (1.17 lb). Despite possibilities that it has survived in some deep swamp forests in
2131:
people in New
Zealand, was by far the largest eagle known and perhaps the largest raptor ever. Adult female Haast's are estimated to have averaged up to 1.4 m (4.6 ft) in length, weighing up to 15 kg (33 lb), with a relatively short 3 m (9.8 ft)
2101:) is the largest eagle in Africa, and the fifth-heaviest (on average) eagle in the world, with a length of 78β96 cm (31β38 in), a weight of 3β6.2 kg (6.6β13.7 lb) and a wingspan of 188β260 cm (6 ft 2 in β 8 ft 6 in).
3080:), both from Northeast Asia and both at up to 15 kg (33 lb), as opposed to a top weight of 12.8 kg (28 lb) in the sarus. Wingspan in both the largest cranes and the largest bustards can range up to 2.5β3 m (8.2β9.8 ft).
4100:) of Australia reaches 1 to 1.3 m (3.3β4.3 ft) at the shoulder with a full height of 150 to 190 cm (59β75 in). In length measured from the bill to the tail, emus range from 139 to 164 cm (55 to 65 in). The
2949:) of Southeast Asia at a length of up to 3 m (9.8 ft), with two-thirds of the length being made up by the tail coverts. It has a relatively large wingspan for a gamebird, spanning as much as 1.6 m (5.2 ft) across the wings.
3565:-like, each of these pseudotooth species may have attained lengths of 2.1-metre-long (6.9 ft) and wingspans of at least 6 m (20 ft). Body mass in these slender birds was probably only up to around 29 kg (64 lb).
2373:) of the Andes Mountains. "Giant" is a relative term among the hummingbirds, the smallest-bodied variety of birds, with the giant hummingbird species weighing up to 24 g (0.85 oz) with a length of 23 cm (9.1 in).
67:). A male ostrich can reach a height of 2.8 metres (9.2 feet) and weigh over 156.8 kg (346 lb), A mass of 200 kg (440 lb) has been cited for the ostrich but no wild ostriches of this weight have been verified.
2065:) has the greatest length of any eagle. The harpy and Philippine eagles, due to having to navigate in deep forest, are relatively short-winged and do not exceed 2 or 2.2 m (6.6 or 7.2 ft), respectively, in wingspan.
5685:
2002:). The Eurasian black vulture can attain a maximum weight of 14 kg (31 lb), a height of up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft), and a wingspan of 3.1 m (10 ft). Other vultures can be almost as large, with the
3868:) of the neotropic lowlands, reaching a length of nearly 1.2 m (3.9 ft) with a wingspan of 1.4 m (4.6 ft) and weighing as little as 2 kg (4.4 lb). The heaviest parrot is the nearly extinct
2674:). Adults can grow to 102β106 cm (40β42 in) long, with a standing height of up to 100 cm (39 in) and are estimated to weigh approximately 4.2 kg (9.3 lb). Among standard measurements, the
2025:. It measures 0.9β1.3 m (3.0β4.3 ft) in height and 1.2β1.5 m (3.9β4.9 ft) in length. Its wingspan can reach 1.2β1.35 m (3.9β4.4 ft) and have a weight of 2.3β4.27 kg (5.1β9.4 lb).
4127:) of Madagascar, which were related to the ostrich. They exceeded 3 m (9.8 ft) in height and 500 kg (1,100 lb) in weight. The last of the elephant birds became extinct approximately 1000 years ago.
2266:) of Northern North America, which can reach a length of 1.82 m (6.0 ft), a wingspan of 3.1 m (10 ft) and a weight of 17.3 kg (38 lb). The heaviest single waterfowl ever recorded was a
2043:) of neotropical forests is often cited as the most massive eagle, with wild females up to 10 kg (22 lb) in weight and captive females occasionally growing to weights of over 12 kg (26 lb).
3651:) of the neotropic forest. Large specimens of this toucan can weigh to 870 g (1.92 lb) and 0.65 m (2.1 ft), at which size the beak alone can measure approximately 20 cm (7.9 in).
6899:
2087:) measures 66β94 cm (26β37 in) in length with a 1.78β2.45 m (5.8β8.0 ft) wingspan. Its wingspan, with a midpoint of 2.18 m (7.2 ft), is on average the largest of any eagle.
4116:) from South America weighs up to 20β27 kg (44β60 lb) and often measures 127 to 140 cm (50 to 55 in) long from beak to tail with a height of approximately 1.5 m (4.9 ft).
2167:. They range in size variably, but on average measure 53β64 cm (21β25 in) in length, have a wingspan of 103β117 cm (3.38β3.84 ft) and weigh 0.63β1.4 kg (1.4β3.1 lb). The
6537:
6568:
7366:
Marie-Anne Thil and RenΓ© Groscolas (2002). "Field
Immobilization of King Penguins with Tiletamine-Zolazepam (Uso de tiletamine-zolazepam para inmobilizar Aptenodytes patagonicus en el campo)".
1304:
The following table is a list of the heaviest extant bird species based on maximum reported or reliable mass, with the average weight is also given for comparison. These species are almost all
82:) of the Sub-Antarctic oceans. The largest dimensions found in this species are an approximate head-to-tail length of 1.44 m (4.7 ft) and a wingspan of 3.65 m (12.0 ft).
3461:) is slightly smaller but has the largest bill of any bird, at as much as 49 cm (19 in) long. A large pelican can attain a wingspan of 3.6 m (12 ft), second only to the
1983:
are generally considered belonging to this order, although their inclusion is not accepted by all. If included, the largest species of this order, based on body weight and wingspan, is the
2556:), which can weigh up to 1.48 kg (3.3 lb), with a length of 0.48 m (1.6 ft) and a wingspan of 0.76 m (2.5 ft). However, until its extinction, the flightless
2541:), is relatively large and heavily built. Caspians can range up to 782 g (1.724 lb) in weight, with a 1.4 m (4.6 ft) wingspan and a length of 0.6 m (2.0 ft).
6249:
Smith, N. 2015. Evolution of body mass in the Pan-Alcidae (Aves, Charadriiformes): the effects of combining neontological and paleontological data. Paleobiology. doi: 10.1017/pab.2015.24
2426:), which can grow to a weight of 680 g (1.50 lb) and a height of 60 cm (2.0 ft). Heavier Caprimulgiformes have been recorded in juvenile specimens of the Australian
2384:), which can measure up to 25.5 cm (10.0 in). The majority of this length is due to the hummingbird's extreme tail streamers. Another size champion among hummingbirds is the
7113:
2564:) of the North Atlantic was both the largest alcid and the second-largest member of the order. Great auks could range up to 6.8 kg (15 lb) and 0.9 m (3.0 ft) tall.
2054:) of Asia's North Pacific, with unconfirmed weights of up to 12.7 kg (28 lb), and an average weight of 6.7 kg (15 lb), is sometimes regarded as the heaviest eagle.
3531:. Their true linkage to extant birds remains in question, though pelecaniformes are the group most regularly considered related. Some of the largest pseudotooth birds have included,
2754:) of Northern New Guinea. Some exceptionally large Victoria crowned pigeons have reached 3.7 kg (8.2 lb) and 85 cm (33 in). The largest arboreal pigeon is the
2388:, a fairly large species of which approximately half of its 21 cm (8.3 in) length derives from its bill. This is by far the largest bill-to-body-size ratio of any bird.
5265:
Early
Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of Patagonia" , geredigeerd door Sergio F. VizcaΓno, Sergio F. Vizcno, Richard F. Kay en M. Susana Bargo
2833:), which can reach weights of up to 6.2 kg (14 lb) and grow as long as 1.3 m (4.3 ft). Several arboreal, Asian hornbills can also grow very large, with the
2358:), of the Philippine islands. Both reach weights of up to 225 g (7.9 oz), lengths of up to 25 cm (9.8 in) and wingspans as long as 0.6 m (2.0 ft).
2487:) of the North Atlantic, attaining a height as large as 0.79 m (2.6 ft), a wingspan of 1.7 m (5.6 ft) and a weight of up to 2.3 kg (5.1 lb). The
5973:
3127:
The passerine or songbird order comprises more than half of all bird species, and are known for their generally small size, their strong voices and their frequent perching.
2572:
was the largest charadriiform of all time, weighing approximately 1.5 ft (0.46 m)(?) more than the Great Auk with a height of approximately 1 m (3.3 ft).
5072:
2450:), both growing as large as 48 cm (19 in). The wingspan of the great potoo and the oilbird can be more than 1 m (3.3 ft), the largest of the order.
2900:). Large females of this species can range up to 2.1 kg (4.6 lb), span 1.6 m (5.2 ft) across the wings and measure 0.66 m (2.2 ft) long.
2606:), which often exceeds 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall and has a wingspan of up to 2.7 m (8.9 ft). Reaching a similar height but more heavily built among the
3095:) of New Zealand, an endangered species that can weigh up to 4.2 kg (9.3 lb) and measure 0.65 m (2.1 ft) long. The aforementioned "terror bird",
2308:) of the Americas. Males can weigh from 4.5β6.3 kg (9.9β13.9 lb) and can measure up to 86 cm (34 in). However, its genus is now considered to be
4793:
2138:
5488:
4854:
Brassey, Charlotte A.; Holdaway, Richard N.; Packham, Abigail G.; AnnΓ©, Jennifer; Manning, Philip L.; Sellers, William I. (2013-12-18). Kupczik, Kornelius (ed.).
2811:), may be heavier still, as individuals exceeding 450 g (0.99 lb) are not uncommon. A kookaburra's wingspan can range up to 0.9 m (3.0 ft).
6615:
4856:"More than One Way of Being a Moa: Differences in Leg Bone Robustness Map Divergent Evolutionary Trajectories in Dinornithidae and Emeidae (Dinornithiformes)"
2973:) of New Caledonia were the most massive galliformes ever, with lengths of up to 1.7 m (5.6 ft) weights up to approximately 40 kg (88 lb).
2328:). They can measure 50β65 cm (20β26 in) in length, have a wingspan of 82β95 cm (32β37 in) and a weight of 1β1.3 kg (2.2β2.9 lb).
6703:
4282:
however this may be a vast overestimation based on robustness of the femur, A. hildebrandti was more likely to have weighted around 65 kg (143 lb).
7466:
pp. 169β187 in "Smithsonian
Contributions to Paleobiology number 27; Collected Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring the 90th Birthday of Alexander Wetmore"
2533:) which grows up to 0.4 m (1.3 ft) long with a 0.85 m (2.8 ft) wingspan and a weight of 400 g (14 oz). The widely distributed
6664:
6633:
5851:
3935:
3587:). The adult is a slender, mainly white bird, 48 cm long, excluding the central tail feathers which double the total length, and a one-meter wingspan.
3503:
is of note for having an extremely large wingspan, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft), for its relatively light body, at up to only 1.9 kg (4.2 lb).
3003:) was weighed at 8 kg (18 lb), heavier than any recorded yellow-billed loon. Wingspans of the largest loons can reach 1.52 m (5.0 ft).
4239:
however this may be a vast overestimation based on robustness of the femur, A. maximus was more likely to have weighted around 275 kg (606 lb).
3965:) of the Antarctic, with a maximum height of 1.35 m (4.4 ft) and a weight of 46 kg (101 lb). The next largest living species is the
2240:). With a wingspan of 174β179 cm (69β70 in), it measures 60β70 cm (24β28 in) in length and weighs 0.8β1.3 kg (1.8β2.9 lb).
3515:
in size among all flying birds. Characterized by the tooth-like protrusions along their bills, this unique family has been variously allied with the
2465:) of East Asia, is of smaller proportions. Great eared nightjars can reach 150 g (0.33 lb) in weight and 41 cm (16 in) in height.
2225:, measuring 50β60 cm (20β24 in) long, having a wingspan of 120β145 cm (47β57 in) and weighing 0.58β1.1 kg (1.3β2.4 lb).
6489:
6056:
3396:), in which males can range up to 52 cm (1.71 ft) and 550 g (1.21 lb). The latter species competes with the similarly sized
3158:), which can reach a length of 1 m (3.3 ft), much of it comprised by their spectacular tail, and a weight of 1 kg (2.2 lb).
5026:
Stratigraphic distribution of large flightless birds in the
Palaeogene of Europe and its palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications.
7487:
7334:
7203:
7159:
6988:
6965:
6932:
6876:
6779:
6747:
6727:
6599:
6526:
6475:
6436:
6333:
6279:
6237:
6134:
6093:
6042:
6009:
5794:
5654:
5539:
5453:
5404:
5300:
4835:
4808:
4465:
4393:
3749:). It can reach a length of 0.8 m (2.6 ft), with a wingspan of 1 m (3.3 ft) and a weight of over 2 kg (4.4 lb).
2874:), which can range up to a weight of 0.93 kg (2.1 lb), a 1 m (3.3 ft) wingspan and a length of 0.66 m (2.2 ft).
5837:
4595:"Sexual dimorphism in the late Miocene mihirung Dromornis stirtoni (Aves: Dromornithidae) from the Alcoota Local Fauna of central Australia"
3698:
is the largest woodpecker certain to exist, with a weight of up to 500 g (1.1 lb) and a length of up to 0.58 m (1.9 ft).
5585:
4146:
about 500 years ago. The moa stood up to 3.7 m (12 ft) tall, and weighed approximately half as much as a large elephant bird or
7061:
6794:
4992:
4050:
owl. The giant bird was estimated to stand over 1.1 m (3.6 ft) on the ground and to weigh at least 9.05 kg (20.0 lb).
2849:) measuring as much as 1.7 m (5.6 ft) in total length. The larger hornbills have a wingspan of up to 1.83 m (6.0 ft).
7131:
6451:
3147:). Large ravens can weigh 2 kg (4.4 lb), attain a 1.5 m (4.9 ft) wingspan and measure 0.8 m (2.6 ft) long.
3064:) of Southern Asia and Australia, which can reach a height of 2 m (6.6 ft). Heavier cranes are reported in other species, the
4040:), which weighs up to 1.4 kg (3.1 lb) and measures up to 0.6 m (2.0 ft). The largest owl known to have existed was
2576:
7109:
2892:, despite similar adaptations, due to the genetic evidence showing they are not closely related. The largest species of falcon is the
1991:) of western South America. The Andean condor can reach a wingspan of 3.2 m (10 ft) and a weight of 15 kg (33 lb).
6649:
7504:
7354:
7239:
6688:
6113:
5933:
5609:
5563:
5477:
5049:
6212:
3617:
3222:. As previously classified these warblers could get fairly large, up to 57 g (2.0 oz) and 28 cm (11 in) in the
7062:"Osteology of a new giant bony-toothed bird from the Miocene of Chile, with a revision of the taxonomy of Neogene Pelagornithidae"
3809:). It can reach a body length of 1 m (39 in), with a wingspan of 2.1 m (83 in) and a weight of 8 kg (17.6 lb).
5766:
3724:). It measures 29.5 to 30 cm (11.61 to 11.81 in) in length and weighs between 63 and 70 g (2.22 and 2.47 oz).
3273:
2653:
Many of the largest flying birds in the fossil record may have been members of the
Ciconiiformes. The heaviest flying bird ever,
6552:
6173:
3496:), which became extinct around 1850, was larger still, averaging around 6.4 kg (14 lb) and 1.15 m (3.8 ft).
7012:
3880:
family. The flightless kΔkΔpΕ does not exceed 0.68 m (2.2 ft) in length, but weighs up to 4.1 kg (9.0 lb).
7439:
7254:
6353:
4701:"A Giant Ostrich from the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Formation of North China, with a Review of the Fossil Ostriches of China"
6911:
4649:
3196:), if it is indeed a proper member of the family, at up to 122 g (4.3 oz) and a length of 29 cm (11 in).
2090:
The white-tailed eagle is sometimes considered the fourth-largest eagle in the world, and is on average the fourth-heaviest.
3834:-sized South American bird, with a total length of 65 cm (26 in) and a maximum weight of 1 kg (2.2 lb).
4180:) of western South America. It can reach a weight over 2 kg (4.4 lb) and length of over 55 cm (22 in).
3609:) of Eurasia and Africa. One of the tallest flying birds in existence when standing upright (exceeded only by the tallest
5417:
Attacks to humans and domestic animals by the southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) in
Queensland, Australia
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
3561:, from Eocene era Europe. A new, unnamed species has been discovered which may outsize even these giants. Superficially
91:, which was estimated to have weighed 275β1,000 kilograms (610β2,200 lb) and stood at 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall.
6365:
Angst, D.; Buffetaut, E.; Abourachid, A. (2011). "The end of the fat dodo? A new mass estimate for Raphus cucullatus".
4410:
3971:
6834:
Escobar
Riomalo, Maria Paula; Gongora, Esteban; Arsitizabal Leost, Sophie (2020-03-04). Schulenberg, Thomas S (ed.).
3666:, with a length of up to 0.6 m (2.0 ft). This species is generally believed to have gone extinct following
3369:) of the Amazonian rainforest, can weigh up to 162 g (5.7 oz) and 35 cm (14 in). The specialized
2803:), at up to 48 cm (19 in) long and 425 g (15.0 oz) in weight. The common Australian species, the
7404:
5666:
4427:
3969:, which grows to a maximum of 1 m (3.3 ft) in height and 18 kg (40 lb) in weight. Now extinct,
3412:
2995:) of the Arctic, at up to 1 m (3.3 ft) and 7 kg (15 lb). One exceptionally large North American
6611:
3975:, is believed to have reached a height of 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and a weight of up to 108 kg (238 lb).
3101:, has traditionally been classified as a member of this order, although this may not be an accurate classification.
2392:
1440:
6699:
5039:
5038:
RubΓ©n Molina-PΓ©rez, Asier
Larramendi, David Connolly, Gonzalo Γngel RamΓrez Cruz, Andrey Atuchin (June 25, 2019).
4685:
Degrange, F. J., Noriega, J. I., & Areta, J. I. (2012). Diversity and paleobiology of the
Santacrucian birds.
2510:) at up to 0.60 m (2.0 ft) in length and 1.1 m (3.6 ft) across the wings. The more widespread
2755:
208:
6661:
6630:
5866:
3753:
2941:
The longest gamebirds species, if measured from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail coverts, is the male
2762:), which can grow approximately 0.8 m (2.6 ft) across the wings and can weigh 1 kg (2.2 lb).
6145:
3924:
3787:
3362:
2934:). The largest specimen ever recorded was shot in 2015, and weighed 17.05 kg (37.6 lb). The heaviest
2826:
2385:
2377:
1469:
1125:
1095:
739:
2724:
1308:, having denser bones and heavier bodies. Flightless birds comprise less than 1% of all extant bird species.
7509:
7251:
Exotic Birds β Scarlet Macaw, Hyacinth Macaw, Gold Blue Macaw and Green Wing Macaw Wholesaler & Retailer
5558:
del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sargatal, J (1996). Handbook of the Birds of the World 3. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
4010:
3671:
3500:
3445:), which can attain a length of 1.83 m (6.0 ft) and a body weight of 15 kg (33 lb). The
3338:) of Southwest United States and north Mexico at up to 23 cm (9.1 in) and 80 g (2.8 oz).
2747:
2729:
2480:
1958:
1875:
1614:
856:
7287:
5501:
3931:) is the largest sandgrouse, with a maximum size of 634 g (1.398 lb) and 45 cm (18 in).
4299:
4293:
4131:
3687:
3511:
3397:
3174:
2698:) of Japan is as large as 78.5 cm (30.9 in) in height and 30.9 cm (12.2 in) in length.
2655:
2113:
2047:
1995:
1947:
1382:
946:
916:
886:
564:
444:
7023:
6999:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5176:
4787:
3802:
3580:
3189:
2867:
2076:) is of marginally larger wingspan, with the Himalayan subspecies recorded at 2.77 m (9.1 ft).
1209:
682:
2650:) have been reported to weigh up to 8.5 kg (19 lb) with heights of 1.58 m (5.2 ft).
2495:) is smaller on average than the black-back but has been weighed as heavy as 2.7 kg (6.0 lb).
2434:), which can weigh up to 1.4 kg (3.1 lb). Other species nearly as large as the potoo are the
18:
7047:
6887:
6486:
7076:
6374:
6053:
5823:
5331:
5215:
5099:
4977:
Tambussi, C. P., & Degrange, F. J. (2013). The dominance of zoophagous birds: just a clichΓ©?. In
4867:
4606:
4594:
4502:
4042:
4033:
3888:
3489:
3473:
3346:
3246:
3185:
2996:
2957:
2675:
2458:
1498:
1065:
975:
826:
3253:), which can exceptionally measure up to 22 cm (8.7 in) and weigh 53 g (1.9 oz).
2904:
6835:
5805:
4687:
Early Miocene paleobiology in Patagonia: high-latitude paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation
4195:
3776:
3758:
3667:
3655:
3593:
3446:
3261:
3166:
2935:
2804:
2774:
2643:
2599:
2581:
1695:
1411:
1282:
1180:
768:
623:
504:
474:
356:
75:
3838:
7375:
7309:
7291:
7092:
6851:
6398:
5818:
5162:
5066:
4630:
4108:) from Australia and Papua New Guinea has a height of 127 to 190 cm (50 to 75 in). The
4101:
4002:
3984:
3454:
3223:
3140:
3110:
2988:
2713:
2549:
2503:
2290:
2105:
2080:
2022:
1556:
1434:
1405:
1035:
178:
7392:
5579:
2176:
2168:
7170:
6869:
Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 11: Old World Flycatcher's to the Old World Warblers
6810:
7483:
7435:
7350:
7330:
7235:
7199:
7155:
6984:
6961:
6928:
6872:
6790:
6775:
6743:
6723:
6684:
6595:
6522:
6471:
6432:
6390:
6349:
6329:
6275:
6233:
6130:
6109:
6089:
6038:
6005:
5959:
5929:
5852:"Notes on the weight, flying ability, habitat, and prey of Haast's Eagle (Harpagornis moorei)"
5790:
5650:
5605:
5559:
5535:
5473:
5449:
5400:
5359:
5296:
5243:
5154:
5045:
4960:
4942:
4903:
4885:
4831:
4722:
4622:
4538:
4520:
4461:
4389:
3815:
3767:
3520:
3438:
3417:
3331:
3316:
3269:
3242:
3219:
3065:
2842:
2683:
2366:
2351:
2343:
2003:
1980:
1869:
1759:
1753:
1672:
1239:
841:
594:
459:
163:
148:
87:
35:
7128:
6447:
6258:
5686:"Causes of Admission to a Rehabilitation Center for Andean Condors (Vultur gryphus) in Chile"
3238:), up to 36 g (1.3 oz) and 17 cm (6.7 in), as the largest "true warbler".
7283:
7084:
6843:
6382:
5700:
5506:
5349:
5339:
5233:
5223:
5146:
5117:
5107:
5007:
4950:
4934:
4923:"The evolution of sexual dimorphism in New Zealand giant moa ( Dinornis ) and other ratites"
4893:
4875:
4712:
4614:
4528:
4510:
4068:
3730:
3602:
3571:
3389:
2796:
2619:
2435:
2410:
2401:
2191:
2156:
2120:
2058:
1701:
1353:
1224:
1110:
1080:
1074:
1050:
1020:
990:
871:
549:
370:
296:
281:
222:
5752:
3480:), at up to 5 kg (11 lb) and 1 m (3.3 ft), although large races in the
3230:). The Old World warblers have been split into several families, however, which leaves the
2316:(shelducks and shelgeese). If so, the largest species of the true ducks or dabbling ducks (
7450:
7258:
7135:
7117:
6945:
Sparrows and Buntings: A Guide to the sparrows and Buntings of North America and the World
6798:
6707:
6668:
6637:
6619:
6556:
6493:
6455:
6415:
6303:. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 5: 305β317.
6216:
6177:
6060:
5945:
5897:
5883:
5770:
5589:
4414:
3958:
3949:
3940:
3506:
3481:
3462:
3374:
3323:) of central and south Asia at up to 23 cm (9.1 in) and 80 g (2.8 oz).
3304:
3151:
2889:
2511:
2471:
2427:
1972:
1637:
1550:
1492:
1305:
1277:
1134:
895:
753:
720:
653:
246:
6505:
3869:
2128:
7080:
6580:
6378:
6209:
6157:
5521:
5335:
5219:
5103:
4871:
4610:
4556:
4506:
4491:"Molecular exploration of fossil eggshell uncovers hidden lineage of giant extinct bird"
3268:), to 94 g (3.3 oz) and 29 cm (11 in). The diverse, large family of
7475:
5354:
5317:
5238:
5203:
4955:
4922:
4898:
4855:
4593:
Handley, Warren D.; Chinsamy, Anusuya; Yates, Adam M.; Worthy, Trevor H. (2016-09-02).
4533:
4490:
4203:
4018:
3916:
3861:
3852:
3843:
3798:
3533:
3516:
3426:
3373:
family can range up to 156 g (5.5 oz) and 35.5 cm (14.0 in) in the
3231:
3073:
3007:
2909:
2834:
2817:
2526:
2259:
2222:
2199:
2143:
1846:
1666:
1527:
1376:
1347:
1248:
955:
925:
901:
806:
777:
691:
662:
632:
603:
573:
513:
483:
424:
394:
335:
305:
187:
60:
52:
23:
6758:
5763:
5088:"New giant penguin bones from Antarctica: Systematic and paleobiological significance"
3437:
rank amongst the largest flying birds. The largest species of pelican is the Eurasian
2112:) at 2.83 m (9.3 ft). However, less substantiated records indicate that the
7498:
7295:
6855:
6549:
6189:
4763:
4271:
4220:
4186:
4120:
3910:), at up to 0.6 m (2.0 ft) long with a weight of 1.2 kg (2.6 lb).
3903:
3884:
3739:
3717:
3524:
3405:
3200:
3119:
3034:
3012:
2942:
2880:
2787:
2738:
2687:
2635:
2627:
2590:
2488:
2454:
2210:
2094:
2014:
1984:
1963:
1935:
1898:
1840:
1817:
1788:
1254:
1194:
1005:
961:
812:
783:
668:
609:
543:
430:
415:
365:
276:
267:
217:
7096:
6402:
6169:
4634:
3311:), at up to 290 g (10 oz) and 30 cm (12 in). The largest of the
2967:
A prehistoric, flightless family, sometimes called (incorrectly) "giant megapodes" (
2376:
The longest hummingbird species, indeed the longest in the order, is the adult male
7035:
7024:
Magnificent Frigatebird, Life History, All About Birds β Cornell Lab of Ornithology
5911:
4267:
4257:
Estimated to be the tallest bird ever, though this is based on fragmentary remains
4173:
4156:
4109:
4059:
3993:
3966:
3706:
3702:
3610:
3528:
3312:
3284:
3204:
3132:
3105:
3042:
3016:
2964:), weighing up to 6.7 kg (15 lb) with a length of 1 m (3.3 ft).
2855:
2691:
2534:
2309:
2301:
2282:
2246:
2152:
2069:
1951:
1811:
1782:
1608:
1585:
1521:
1164:
931:
796:
748:
711:
696:
638:
579:
518:
489:
400:
341:
311:
252:
193:
44:
7271:
7250:
5604:
by Ferguson-Lees, Christie, Franklin, Mead & Burton. Houghton Mifflin (2001),
4618:
3272:
can reach 35 cm (14 in) and 170 g (6.0 oz) in the south Asian
2278:
which weighed 23 kg (51 lb), and was allegedly too heavy to take flight.
7088:
7048:
10 Giant Prehistoric Creatures β A List of History's Strangest Prehistoric Giants
6072:
5987:
4880:
6888:
Yellow-breasted Chat, Life History, All About Birds β Cornell Lab of Ornithology
4169:
4139:
3877:
3742:
3644:
3622:
3543:
3358:
3354:
3327:
3300:
3295:, at up to 28.3 g (1.00 oz) and 17 cm (6.7 in). The largest
3292:
3057:
2979:
2927:
2918:
2864:
2704:
2568:
2419:
2397:
2362:
2334:
2229:
2218:
2036:
1942:
1730:
1643:
1579:
1337:
1140:
835:
68:
30:
5704:
5208:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5112:
5087:
4650:"Giant Birds Roamed Europe Two Million Years Ago | Paleontology | Sci-News.com"
4515:
4054:
3345:, which can range up to 140 g (4.9 oz) in the Andean-forest-dwelling
2013:
The largest living member of this order, in terms of length and height, is the
1930:
6386:
5898:"Ferruginous Hawk Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
5884:"Northern Goshawk Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
3635:
3626:
3296:
3162:
3097:
3053:
3025:
2969:
2667:
2313:
2187:
1904:
1268:
1189:
1155:
236:
96:
7416:
6594:
Mound-Builders (Australian Natural History Series). CSIRO Publishing (2009),
5158:
4946:
4889:
4726:
4626:
4524:
3211:), at up to 175 g (6.2 oz) and 28 to 33 cm (11 to 13 in).
5502:"The turkeys we eat today weigh twice as much as they did a few decades ago"
5344:
5228:
5011:
4047:
4029:
4025:) from the northern boreal forest can range up to 0.83 m (2.7 ft).
3705:
can range up to 273 g (9.6 oz) and 33 cm (13 in) in the
3562:
3469:
2893:
2720:), weighs 2 ounces (57 g) with a height of over 14 inches (36 cm).
2557:
2499:
2267:
2255:
1724:
453:
385:
326:
157:
6847:
6394:
5363:
5247:
4964:
4938:
4907:
4542:
4407:
3241:
Not to be confused with the previous family, the largest of the well-known
3173:), at 99.2 g (3.50 oz) and 31 cm (12 in), although the
3088:
6312:
3686:, the ivory-billed is also generally considered to have gone extinct. The
2010:) reaching lengths of up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) due to its long neck.
7171:
Imperial Woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis) β BirdLife species factsheet
4147:
3899:
3831:
3679:
3557:
3084:
2660:
2317:
2233:
1320:
533:
123:
5166:
5150:
2418:
The largest species of this order of nocturnal birds is the neotropical
7379:
5522:"Turkey Facts - Turkey for Holidays - University of Illinois Extension"
5122:
4165:
4143:
4077:
3823:
3683:
3552:
3538:
3434:
3382:
3370:
3342:
3215:
2443:
2321:
2164:
1218:
1104:
1044:
1014:
984:
865:
725:
7182:
6740:
Rails: A Guide to the Rails, Crakes, Gallinules and Coots of the World
5192:
Meat Weights and Nutritional Yield Values for New Zealand Archaeofauna
4717:
4700:
2297:). Individuals can reach more than 9.1 kg (20 lb) in weight.
5988:"Mallard Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
4207:
4089:
4085:
3663:
3548:
3257:
3128:
2953:
2611:
2522:
2275:
7214:
7196:
Woodpeckers: An Identification Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World
6086:
Nightjars: A Guide to the Nightjars, Nighthawks, and Their Relatives
3895:), reaching lengths of up to 60 centimetres and a mass of 250 grams.
3509:
or pseudotooth birds included several species that were behind only
3181:), to 41 cm (16 in), is longer thanks to its extreme tail.
5041:
Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Theropods and Other Dinosauriformes
3979:
3943:
is one of the heaviest living birds as well as the largest penguin.
3150:
The closest non-corvid contender to largest size is the Australian
3131:
are the largest of passerines, particularly the large races of the
5534:
Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats.
4053:
3978:
3837:
3752:
3104:
3006:
2903:
2723:
2607:
2575:
2545:
2391:
2137:
2029:
1957:
1941:
1929:
71:
are the largest of any bird, averaging 1.4 kg (3.1 lb).
29:
17:
5753:
Largest flying animals/birds in The World/Universe AllTopTens.com
5137:
Ksepka, Daniel T. (2014). "Flights of fancy in avian evolution".
2104:
The longest wingspan of an eagle ever recorded was an Australian
5322:
3695:
3113:
shares the title of the largest songbird with its common cousin.
2766:
2679:
1994:
Excluding New World vultures, the largest extant species is the
48:
7347:
Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos
6024:. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. p. 876.
3161:
The largest species in the most species-rich passerine family,
5838:
Japan's Winter Wildlife Zoom In @ National Geographic Magazine
5397:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks
4093:
1463:
7434:
by Konig, Weick & Becking. Yale University Press (1999),
7152:
Toucans, Barbets and Honeyguides (Bird Families of the World)
4809:"Bones from ancestor of 'giant duck' discovered in Australia"
2765:
The largest pigeons and doves known to have existed were the
6487:
Helmeted hornbill videos, photos and facts - Rhinoplax vigil
6290:
The Bhutan Observer The Independent Voice (August 29th 2008)
6170:
Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) β Birds in Backyards Fact sheet
3860:
The largest parrot by length and wingspan is the endangered
2598:
The longest-bodied and tallest species in this order is the
3381:). Among the most variably sized passerine families is the
2888:
Many authorities now support the split of falcons from the
3052:
The tallest flying bird on earth, also represented in the
1966:
is the largest bird of prey in terms of height and length.
85:
The largest bird of all time was likely the elephant bird
7232:
Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 1 Ostrich to Ducks
6002:
Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World
4119:
The largest bird in the fossil record may be the extinct
2361:
Traditionally included in this order, by far the largest
2312:
with the species currently being placed in the subfamily
2926:
The heaviest member of this order is the North American
2786:
Rollers, Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, motmots, and todies (
6313:
Speckled β Welcome to the wonderful world of Mousebirds
5764:
Andean condor videos, photos and facts β Vultur gryphus
4979:
South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds
4927:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3654:
Until the 20th century, the largest woodpecker was the
2663:, that is considered an ally of the New World vultures.
2498:
Among the most prominent family of "small waders", the
74:
The largest wingspan of any extant bird is that of the
7288:
10.1676/1559-4491(2006)118[581:OL]2.0.CO;2
5840:. Ngm.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved on 2016-12-14.
5489:
Leopard Seals Group Penguin Slideshow Ppt Presentation
5286:
5284:
4673:
name="Giant Birds Roamed Europe Two Million Years Ago"
2746:
The largest species of the pigeon/dove complex is the
2028:
The largest predatory bird, specifically the largest
7464:
The Great Predatory Birds of the Pleistocene of Cuba
7462:
Arredondo, Oscar (1976) translated Olson, Storrs L.
6190:"How Big Is A Caspian Tern Actually? Find Out Here!"
5667:"Birds of Prey at the Oklahoma City Zoological Park"
3794:) is slightly lesser in length, wingspan and weight.
2642:) is the largest of the herons and egrets. Juvenile
94:
The largest wingspan of all time likely belonged to
7405:
Take A Peek At Boo, The Eagle Owl β QUILLCARDS BLOG
5448:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
4921:Olson, ValΓ©rie A.; Turvey, Samuel T. (2013-06-07).
7482:. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press (2000),
6900:Tennessee Watchable Wildlife. Yellow-breasted Chat
3701:Less well-known than the woodpeckers and toucans,
3199:Closely related to the Old World flycatchers, the
2841:) weighing up to 4 kg (8.8 lb), and the
2183:) do rival it in terms of wing size and body mass.
6301:Teratornis, a new avian genus from Rancho La Brea
5578:BirdLife International (2007) Species factsheet:
5000:Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History
2479:The largest species in this diverse order is the
2442:) of New Guinea and the neotropic, cave-dwelling
2289:), more specifically the subspecies known as the
6106:Peterson Reference Guides: Gulls of the Americas
5946:"Canada Goose | Types of Ducks & Geese"
5684:Pavez, Eduardo F.; Estades, CristiΓ‘n F. (2016).
4403:
4401:
3775:The largest species of Procellariiformes is the
3488:) can weigh up to 5.3 kg (12 lb). The
3083:The most species-rich family in this order, the
6614:. Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu (2004-10-06)
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5318:"Flight performance of the largest volant bird"
5028:Earth-Science Reviews 32 (2), 2014, S. 394β408.
4826:Molina-PΓ©rez, RubΓ©n; Larramendi, Asier (2019).
4451:
4449:
4447:
4168:, a group of chunky, elusive ground-birds from
3453:) of Europe and Africa is almost as large. The
5785:Christie, David A. & Ferguson-Lee, James,
4768:EVOLUΓΓO - Revista de GeistΓ³ria e PrΓ©-HistΓ³ria
3957:The largest species of Sphenisciformes is the
3341:Closely related to the previous family is the
2521:Less variable in size, the largest species of
104:was also likely the largest bird to ever fly.
5295:. London: A & C Black. pp. 137β138.
5261:
5259:
5257:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4001:The most massive owl is certainly either the
2518:) can weigh up to 1.36 kg (3.0 lb).
2400:is, overall, the largest member of the order
2116:may reach at least 2.74 m (9.0 ft).
8:
6975:
6973:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5071:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4557:"Fossil of 'largest flying bird' identified"
4428:"Largest egg from a bird (living, specimen)"
2825:The largest species of Coraciiformes is the
2690:is 20.8β23.4 cm (8.2β9.2 in). The
2678:is 52.3β57 cm (20.6β22.4 in), the
6683:, The Reader's Digest Association, (1991).
6631:The Great bustard returns: Tetrapod Zoology
6550:Separate Accipitriformes from Falconiformes
5819:"Sagittarius serpentarius (Secretary bird)"
5647:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
5574:
5572:
5044:. Princeton University Press. p. 282.
4830:. Princeton University Press. p. 179.
4792:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4764:"How Large was the Giant Ostrich of China?"
4752:Murray, P. F. & Vickers-Rich, P. (2004)
4460:. London: A & C Black. pp. 19β21.
2816:Hornbills, hoopoe, and wood-hoopoes (Order
6947:. Houghton Mifflin (1997), ASIN B000ZFNLXS
6272:Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World
5781:
5779:
5464:
5462:
4828:Dinosaurs Facts and Figures: The Theropods
4762:Buffetaut1, Eric; Angst, Delphine (2017).
4408:Avian Medicine: Principles and Application
3260:, the largest of which is the south Asian
3087:, reaches their largest size in the bulky
2938:on record weighed 37 kg (82 lb).
2342:The largest species of Apodiformes is the
1310:
116:
7146:
7144:
6774:. University of California Press (2009),
6448:Southern Ground-Hornbill β Bucorvus cafer
6035:The Birds of Ecuador, Vol. 2: Field Guide
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5353:
5343:
5237:
5227:
5121:
5111:
4954:
4897:
4879:
4716:
4699:Buffetaut, Eric; Angst, Delphine (2021).
4532:
4514:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
3643:The largest species of this order is the
3184:The namesake of the previous family, the
2221:is believed to be the largest species of
7000:Galapagos Wildlife, Flightless Cormorant
5641:
5639:
5637:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4291:Sexually dimorphic with larger females.
4062:ranks as the largest species of tinamou.
4009:) or the endangered and similarly sized
3934:
3616:
3411:
7427:
7425:
6129:. Christopher Helm Ornithology (2009),
5912:"Swamp Harriers | Beauty of Birds"
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
4342:
4232:
4150:due to its comparatively slender frame.
3283:The familiar domesticated species, the
3203:family's largest representative is the
2912:is one of the largest living gamebirds.
2350:), endemic to southern Mexico, and the
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5064:
4993:"Titanis walleri: Bones of Contention"
4991:Gould, G. C.; Quitmyer, I. R. (2005).
4785:
3830:), the only member of its order, is a
2987:The largest species on average is the
7270:Walley, H. D.; Ruback, P. A. (2006).
7150:Short, Lester & Horne, Jennifer,
7060:Mayr, G.; Rubilar-Rogers, D. (2010).
6960:. Princeton University Press (2003),
6927:. Princeton University Press (1999),
6581:San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Peafowl
6274:. Princeton University Press (1992),
6172:. Birdsinbackyards.net (2005-08-21)
6104:Howell, Steven N.G. & Dunn, Jon,
5789:. Princeton University Press (2006),
5717:American Ornithologists' Union (2010)
5419:. Journal of Zoology, 249, pp 375β381
4849:
4847:
4681:
4679:
4321:Sexually dimorphic with larger males.
4248:Sexually dimorphic with larger males.
3326:Among the largest bird families, the
2584:is perhaps the tallest of the storks.
1655:100β124.9 cm (3.28β4.10 ft)
1300:Table of heaviest extant bird species
7:
7310:A simulation of the future of kakapo
6983:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (1991),
6540:. Naturalhistory.org.au (2011-02-10)
6108:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (2007),
6020:Fjeldsa, Jon; Krabbe, Niels (1990).
5202:Alexander, David E. (24 July 2007).
4807:Brennan, Imogen (19 February 2016).
4588:
4586:
3738:The largest species of grebe is the
3629:as well as one of the most colorful.
3625:is the largest species in the order
2686:is 11 cm (4.3 in) and the
2281:The largest species of goose is the
2057:The up to 1.12 m (3.7 ft)
7253:. Sarapetstudios.com (2011-10-05)
6650:Entity Display : Ardeotis kori
6037:. Cornell University Press (2001),
5024:Eric Buffetaut und Delphine Angst:
3420:is one of the largest flying birds.
3019:is the heaviest extant flying bird.
2712:The largest mousebird species, the
2190:hawks, the largest species are the
1938:is the largest living bird of prey.
1887:109β140 cm (3.58β4.59 ft)
1829:140β165 cm (4.59β5.41 ft)
1713:107β135 cm (3.51β4.43 ft)
1684:138β165 cm (4.53β5.41 ft)
7345:del Hoyo, Elliott & Sargatal.
7230:del Hoyo, Elliott & Sargatal.
7154:. Oxford University Press (2002),
7069:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
7050:. Dinosaurs.about.com (2011-06-16)
6521:. Oxford University Press (2005),
5472:. Sterling Publishing Co. (1999),
5086:Hospitaleche, Carolina A. (2014).
4981:(pp. 87-102). Springer, Dordrecht.
4648:Lazaro, Enrico de (28 June 2019).
4599:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
4388:. Oxford University Press (2002),
4297:noted to be somewhat smaller than
4206:of Central America is the largest
3330:, reaches its largest size in the
3188:, reaches its maximum size in the
2863:The largest of the cuckoos is the
2854:Cuckoos, coucals and roadrunners (
2300:The largest 'duck' species is the
14:
7480:Trogons and Quetzals of the World
7276:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
7183:Welcome β Ivory-billed Woodpecker
6981:Seabirds: An Identification Guide
6772:The Illustrated Atlas of Wildlife
6470:. Oxford University Press (1995),
6054:Great Potoo- Truths & Legends
5446:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
5316:Ksepka, Daniel T. (7 July 2014).
5291:Hume, J. P.; Walters, M. (2012).
4456:Hume, J. P.; Walters, M. (2012).
3670:and hunting. The closely related
2127:), which existed alongside early
1858:100β130 cm (3.3β4.3 ft)
1742:100β130 cm (3.3β4.3 ft)
7432:A Guide to the Owls of the World
6836:"Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater)"
6742:. Yale University Press (1998),
6722:. Yale University Press (2006),
6088:. Yale University Press (1998),
6063:. En.caiman.com.br (2010-12-06).
5204:"Ancient Argentavis soars again"
3291:), is (in the wild) the largest
3274:greater necklaced laughingthrush
2682:is 30 cm (12 in), the
2502:reach their maximum size in the
6640:. Scienceblogs.com (April 2010)
6592:Jones, Darryl & GΓΆth, Ann,
6569:National Wild Turkey Federation
5491:. Authorstream.com (2009-03-31)
4654:Sci.News: Breaking Science News
3579:The largest tropicbirds is the
2258:species by average size is the
39:, one of the largest birds ever
7038:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
6348:. Princeton University Press,
5415:Christopher P. Kofron (1999).
4130:The tallest bird ever was the
4038:Tyto novaehollandiae castanops
3404:) as the largest passerine in
3165:or tyrant-flycatchers, is the
2795:The largest kingfisher is the
113:Table of heaviest bird species
1:
7407:. Quillcards.com (2009-09-23)
7393:Body Mass of Extinct Penguins
7014:. The Canadian Encyclopedia
6468:The Hornbills: Bucerotiformes
5926:Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
4619:10.1080/02724634.2016.1180298
4138:), part of the moa family of
2732:is the largest living pigeon.
2604:Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
2032:, is a source of contention.
937:Late Oligocene-Early Miocene
406:Late Oligocene-Early Miocene
7368:Journal of Field Ornithology
7308:Elliott, Greaeme P (2006).
7089:10.1080/02724634.2010.501465
6700:Red-Crowned Crane Fact Sheet
6450:. Oiseaux.net (2009-10-25)
5865:(4): 239β247. Archived from
4881:10.1371/journal.pone.0082668
4330:Largest wingspan of any bird
3601:The largest flamingo is the
3361:, the largest of which, the
3256:Another large family is the
3139:) and the Northeast African
1736:11.87 kg (26.2 lb)
1263:
1234:
1204:
1175:
1150:
1120:
1090:
1060:
1030:
1000:
970:
941:
911:
881:
851:
821:
792:
763:
734:
706:
677:
648:
618:
589:
559:
528:
499:
469:
439:
410:
380:
351:
321:
291:
262:
232:
203:
184:800 kg (1,800 lb)
173:
154:850 kg (1,870 lb)
143:
7272:"Ornithological Literature"
7198:. Houghton Mifflin (1995),
6791:FieldGuides: Species Detail
6346:Nature: An Economic History
6344:Vermeij, Geerat J. (2004).
5974:"The biggest dabbling duck"
5592:. Retrieved August 17, 2007
5470:Penguins: A Worldwide Guide
3987:is one of the biggest owls.
3972:Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi
3902:family is the Australasian
3898:The largest species in the
3716:The largest jacamar is the
3388:The largest icterid is the
3299:, perhaps the most diverse
3214:The largest bird family in
2453:The largest species of the
1362:156.8 kg (346 lb)
1041:47.5 kg (105 lb)
673:Pliocene-Early Pleistocene
59:), closely followed by the
7526:
7329:. TFH Publications (1978),
6797:November 10, 2013, at the
6720:Vietnam: A Natural History
6652:. Ecoport.org (2005-01-17)
6618:November 10, 2013, at the
6454:November 10, 2013, at the
6232:. Harry N. Abrams (1999),
6176:November 26, 2011, at the
5850:Brathwaite, D. H. (1992).
5705:10.3356/rapt-50-01-23-32.1
5693:Journal of Raptor Research
5113:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.03.008
4516:10.1038/s41467-023-36405-3
4312:Heaviest known flying bird
4266:Disputed, was probably an
4076:The largest ratite is the
3866:Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
3692:Mulleripicus pulverulentus
3476:of the Galapagos Islands (
3033:The males of the Eurasian
2952:The largest member of the
2659:, is part of a group, the
2348:Streptoprocne semicollaris
2146:are the largest waterfowl.
1916:115 cm (3.77 ft)
1771:183 cm (6.00 ft)
1568:105 cm (3.44 ft)
1539:134 cm (4.40 ft)
1510:114 cm (3.74 ft)
1481:153 cm (5.02 ft)
1452:149 cm (4.89 ft)
1441:Casuarius unappendiculatus
1423:155 cm (5.09 ft)
1274:21.7 kg (48 lb)
1230:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
1146:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
1131:30.5 kg (67 lb)
1116:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
1086:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
1056:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
1026:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
996:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
877:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
847:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
774:100 kg (220 lb)
745:116 kg (256 lb)
717:120 kg (260 lb)
688:135 kg (298 lb)
659:150 kg (330 lb)
629:150 kg (330 lb)
600:161 kg (355 lb)
570:175 kg (386 lb)
555:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
540:192 kg (423 lb)
510:200 kg (440 lb)
480:220 kg (490 lb)
465:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
450:235 kg (518 lb)
421:240 kg (530 lb)
391:250 kg (550 lb)
362:270 kg (600 lb)
332:275 kg (606 lb)
302:300 kg (660 lb)
273:300 kg (660 lb)
243:319 kg (703 lb)
214:450 kg (990 lb)
169:Late Pleistocene-Holocene
100:at roughly 5.2 m (17 ft).
26:is the largest living bird
7451:Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa)
6902:. Tnwatchablewildlife.org
6706:October 11, 2012, at the
6387:10.1007/s00114-010-0759-7
5806:Himalayan Griffon Vulture
5588:October 13, 2016, at the
5274:Amadon (1947), Rasmussen
3351:Sericossypha albocristata
3192:of India Southeast Asia (
2872:Scythrops novaehollandiae
2756:Marquesan imperial pigeon
2508:Numenius madagascariensis
1950:is the largest member of
1910:10.6 kg (23 lb)
1884:14.1 kg (31 lb)
1881:10.8 kg (24 lb)
1855:14.9 kg (33 lb)
1852:11.3 kg (25 lb)
1826:15.5 kg (34 lb)
1823:11.4 kg (25 lb)
1800:150 cm (4.9 ft)
1794:11.4 kg (25 lb)
1765:11.5 kg (25 lb)
1710:16.1 kg (35 lb)
1707:11.9 kg (26 lb)
1681:17.2 kg (38 lb)
1678:12.7 kg (28 lb)
1649:13.5 kg (30 lb)
1626:92 cm (3.02 ft)
1620:13.6 kg (30 lb)
1597:96 cm (3.15 ft)
1594:28.6 kg (63 lb)
1591:19.6 kg (43 lb)
1562:19.7 kg (43 lb)
1504:31.5 kg (69 lb)
1394:200 cm (6.6 ft)
1391:130 kg (290 lb)
1365:210 cm (6.9 ft)
1359:104 kg (229 lb)
1011:58 kg (128 lb)
981:67 kg (148 lb)
952:70 kg (150 lb)
922:70 kg (150 lb)
892:71 kg (157 lb)
862:80 kg (180 lb)
832:80 kg (180 lb)
803:94 kg (207 lb)
456:(greater elephant birds)
416:Paraphysornis brasilienis
209:Pachystruthio dmanisensis
160:(greater elephant birds)
7505:Lists of largest animals
6871:. Lynx Edicions (2006),
6612:Gavia immer: Information
6429:Kingfishers of the World
6328:. A&C Black (2001),
6299:Miller, Loye H. (1909):
6259:Saddle-billed Stork card
5928:. Firefly Books (2003),
5924:Price, Christopher ed.,
4098:Dromaius novaehollandiae
3925:Black-bellied sandgrouse
3876:), which is part of the
3788:Southern royal albatross
3634:Woodpeckers and allies (
3541:from the North Pacific,
3363:great rufous woodcreeper
3353:). Another species-rich
2827:southern ground hornbill
2666:The largest ibis is the
2386:sword-billed hummingbird
2378:black-tailed trainbearer
2295:Branta canadensis maxima
2019:Sagittarius serpentarius
1507:46 kg (101 lb)
1478:70 kg (150 lb)
1470:Dromaius novaehollandiae
1449:75 kg (165 lb)
1420:85 kg (187 lb)
1388:90 kg (200 lb)
1245:23 kg (51 lb)
1215:27 kg (60 lb)
1186:28 kg (62 lb)
1161:30 kg (66 lb)
1126:Sylviornis neocaledoniae
1101:40 kg (88 lb)
1096:Anomalopteryx didiformis
1071:40 kg (88 lb)
838:(lesser elephant birds)
740:Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
51:measured by mass is the
6811:"Blue Whistling-Thrush"
6770:Bambaradeniya, et al.,
6022:Birds of the High Andes
5582:Gymnogyps californianus
5399:. Lynx Edicons (1992),
5345:10.1073/pnas.1320297111
5229:10.1073/pnas.0705515104
5012:10.58782/flmnh.xumx1681
4164:The largest species of
3761:is the largest seabird.
3676:Campephilus principalis
3672:ivory-billed woodpecker
3501:magnificent frigatebird
3499:The widely distributed
3465:among all living birds.
3425:Cormorants and allies (
3394:Psarocolius bifasciatus
2956:family is the Eurasian
2748:Victoria crowned pigeon
2730:Victoria crowned pigeon
2481:great black-backed gull
2228:The largest species of
1913:21 kg (46 lb)
1876:Gymnogyps californianus
1797:20 kg (44 lb)
1768:15 kg (33 lb)
1739:23 kg (51 lb)
1652:39 kg (86 lb)
1623:20 kg (44 lb)
1615:Aptenodytes patagonicus
1565:34 kg (75 lb)
1536:40 kg (88 lb)
1533:23 kg (51 lb)
1475:33 kg (73 lb)
1446:44 kg (97 lb)
1417:45 kg (99 lb)
857:Pachyornis elephantopus
798:Phorusrhacos longissmus
7116:July 28, 2013, at the
6925:Finches & Sparrows
6848:10.2173/bow.grethr1.01
6702:. Nationalzoo.si.edu
6270:Hancock & Kushan,
5092:Comptes Rendus Palevol
4939:10.1098/rspb.2013.0401
4432:Guinness World Records
4270:but could still be an
4132:South Island giant moa
4084:), from the plains of
4063:
3988:
3944:
3847:
3846:is the largest parrot.
3762:
3688:great slaty woodpecker
3660:Campephilus imperialis
3630:
3544:Gigantornis eaglesomei
3512:Argentavis magnificens
3492:of the North Pacific (
3421:
3398:Amazonian umbrellabird
3175:fork-tailed flycatcher
3156:Menura novaehollandiae
3114:
3098:Brontornis burmeisteri
3093:Porphyrio hochstetteri
3020:
2913:
2733:
2656:Argentavis magnificens
2585:
2409:Nightjars and allies (
2405:
2147:
1996:Eurasian black vulture
1967:
1955:
1948:Eurasian black vulture
1939:
1383:Struthio molybdophanes
947:Mesembriornis incertus
917:Barawertornis tedfordi
887:Argentavis magnificens
712:Gargantuavis philoinos
565:Ilbandornis woodburnei
445:Aepyornis hildebrandti
238:Brontornis burmeisteri
65:Struthio molybdophanes
40:
27:
7011:Philip H.R. Stepney.
6815:www.oiseaux-birds.com
6538:Channel-billed Cuckoo
6004:. Pica Press (1993),
4495:Nature Communications
4057:
3982:
3938:
3908:Probosciger aterrimus
3841:
3807:Macronectes giganteus
3803:southern giant petrel
3756:
3620:
3607:Phoenicopterus roseus
3581:red-billed tropicbird
3415:
3402:Cephalopterus ornatus
3266:Pycnonotus zeylanicus
3190:blue whistling thrush
3186:Old World flycatchers
3108:
3010:
2907:
2868:channel-billed cuckoo
2727:
2579:
2463:Eurostopodus macrotis
2448:Steatornis caripensis
2395:
2356:Hirundapus celebensis
2141:
2099:Polemaetus bellicosus
2063:Pithecophaga jefferyi
1961:
1945:
1933:
1210:Pachyornis geranoides
904:(New World vultures)
683:Gastornis parisiensis
108:Largest extinct birds
33:
21:
7327:Parrots of the World
7112:. tourduvalat.org
6912:ZootierlisteHomepage
6431:. Times Edn (1995),
6261:. Oiseaux-birds.com.
6160:. Oiseaux-birds.com.
6075:. Oiseaux-birds.com.
6033:Ridgely, Robert S.,
5824:Animal Diversity Web
5787:Raptors of the World
5602:Raptors of the World
4386:Ratites and Tinamous
4200:Pharomachrus mocinno
4046:of Cuba, a uniquely
4043:Ornimegalonyx oteroi
4034:Tasmanian masked owl
4011:Blakiston's fish owl
3963:Aptenodytes forsteri
3929:Pterocles orientalis
3893:Palaeornis eupatoria
3889:Alexandrine parakeet
3874:Strigops habroptilus
3494:Urile perspicillatus
3490:spectacled cormorant
3474:flightless cormorant
3347:white-capped tanager
3303:bird family, is the
3247:yellow-breasted chat
3234:of central Eurasia (
3169:of the South Andes (
2997:Great northern diver
2958:western capercaillie
2831:Bucorvus leadbeateri
2672:Thaumatibis gigantea
2610:are the neotropical
2525:is the Australasian
2459:great eared nightjar
2181:Accipiter meyerianus
2085:Haliaeetus albicilla
2052:Haliaeetus pelagicus
1499:Aptenodytes forsteri
1333:Average total length
1295:Largest extant birds
1285:(pseudotooth birds)
1197:(doves and pigeons)
1066:Megalapteryx didinus
976:Pachyornis australis
827:Mullerornis modestus
7419:. Pauldfrost.co.uk.
7185:. Birds.cornell.edu
7110:All About Flamingos
7081:2010JVPal..30.1313M
7026:. Allaboutbirds.org
6890:. Allaboutbirds.org
6761:. Oiseaux-birds.com
6418:. Oiseaux-birds.com
6379:2011NW.....98..233A
6367:Naturwissenschaften
6158:Masked Lapwing Card
5808:. Oiseaux-birds.com
5336:2014PNAS..11110624K
5330:(29): 10624β10629.
5220:2007PNAS..10412233A
5214:(30): 12233β12234.
5151:10.1511/2014.106.36
5104:2014CRPal..13..555A
4872:2013PLoSO...882668B
4611:2016JVPal..36E0298H
4507:2023NatCo..14..914G
4417:. avianmedicine.net
4196:resplendent quetzal
4106:Casuarius casuarius
4028:The largest of the
3828:Opisthocomus hoazin
3792:Diomedea epomophora
3777:wandering albatross
3759:wandering albatross
3668:habitat destruction
3656:imperial woodpecker
3594:Phoenicopteriformes
3551:era in what is now
3486:Phalacrocorax carbo
3478:Nannopterum harrisi
3468:The largest of the
3447:great white pelican
3367:Xiphocolaptes major
3278:Garrulax pectoralis
3262:straw-headed bulbul
3228:Megalurus palustris
3226:of Southeast Asia (
3194:Myophonus caeruleus
3167:great shrike-tyrant
3024:Cranes and allies (
2936:domesticated turkey
2932:Meleagris gallopavo
2809:Dacelo novaeguineae
2805:laughing kookaburra
2779:Pezophaps solitaria
2775:Rodrigues solitaire
2644:white-bellied heron
2600:saddle-billed stork
2589:Herons and allies (
2582:Saddle-billed stork
2569:Miomancalla howardi
2544:The largest extant
2432:Podargus strigoides
2333:Swifts and allies (
2151:The largest of the
2114:Steller's sea eagle
2048:Steller's sea eagle
1696:Wandering albatross
1644:Meleagris gallopavo
1412:Casuarius casuarius
1283:Odontopterygiformes
1269:Pelagornis sandersi
1181:Pezophaps solitaria
1156:Eremopezus eocaenus
769:Kelenken guillermoi
624:Ilbandornis lawsoni
475:Dromornis australis
357:Struthio anderssoni
268:Pachystruthio indet
97:Pelagornis sandersi
76:wandering albatross
7476:Johnsgard, Paul A.
7257:2012-06-26 at the
7134:2013-11-11 at the
6958:Birds of Venezuela
6956:Hilty, Steven L.,
6840:Birds of the World
6718:Sterling, et al.,
6667:2016-03-03 at the
6636:2011-11-23 at the
6555:2010-06-28 at the
6508:. Sandiegozoo.org.
6492:2012-04-16 at the
6215:2013-11-10 at the
6210:Thick-billed Murre
6146:Far Eastern Curlew
6127:Birds of East Asia
6059:2013-11-10 at the
5769:2013-11-10 at the
5580:California Condor
5139:American Scientist
4933:(1760): 20130401.
4413:2009-04-19 at the
4102:southern cassowary
4064:
4030:barn or masked owl
4003:Eurasian eagle-owl
3989:
3985:Eurasian eagle-owl
3945:
3878:New Zealand parrot
3848:
3763:
3631:
3585:Phaethon aethereus
3455:Australian pelican
3422:
3309:Gymnomyza aubryana
3243:New World warblers
3224:striated grassbird
3220:Old World warblers
3207:of South America (
3141:thick-billed raven
3115:
3111:thick-billed raven
3041:) and the African
3021:
2989:yellow-billed loon
2914:
2734:
2714:speckled mousebird
2626:) and the African
2624:Leptoptilos dubius
2586:
2562:Pinguinus impennis
2550:thick-billed murre
2548:is the sub-Arctic
2539:Hydroprogne caspia
2504:Far Eastern curlew
2440:Podargus papuensis
2406:
2326:Anas platyrhynchos
2291:giant Canada goose
2215:Circus approximans
2161:Accipiter gentilis
2148:
2106:wedge-tailed eagle
2081:white-tailed eagle
2023:sub-Saharan Africa
1981:New World vultures
1968:
1956:
1940:
1557:Casuarius bennetti
1435:Northern cassowary
1406:Southern cassowary
1137:(giant megapodes)
1036:Euryapteryx curtus
505:Gastornis gigantea
287:Early Pleistocene
228:Early Pleistocene
179:Dromornis stirtoni
41:
28:
7488:978-1-56098-388-0
7335:978-0-87666-959-4
7325:Forshaw, Joseph,
7204:978-0-395-72043-1
7194:Winkler, et al.,
7160:978-0-19-854666-5
6989:978-0-395-60291-1
6979:Harrison, Peter,
6966:978-0-691-09250-8
6933:978-0-691-04878-9
6914:. Zootierliste.de
6877:978-84-96553-06-4
6780:978-0-520-25785-6
6748:978-0-300-07758-2
6728:978-0-300-10608-4
6681:The Wildlife Year
6600:978-0-643-09345-4
6583:. Sandiegozoo.org
6527:978-0-19-850213-5
6517:Payne, Robert B.,
6476:978-0-19-857729-4
6437:978-981-204-470-9
6427:Knowles, Leslie,
6334:978-1-873403-60-0
6326:Pigeons and Doves
6280:978-0-12-322730-0
6238:978-0-8109-6391-7
6135:978-0-7136-7040-0
6094:978-0-300-07457-4
6043:978-0-8014-8721-7
6010:978-0-300-07936-4
5795:978-0-691-12684-5
5655:978-0-85112-235-9
5540:978-0-85112-235-9
5454:978-0-8493-4258-5
5405:978-84-87334-10-8
5395:del Hoyo, et al.,
5302:978-1-4081-5725-1
4837:978-0-691-18031-1
4815:. www.abc.net.au.
4718:10.3390/d13020047
4467:978-1-4081-5725-1
4394:978-0-19-854996-3
4384:Davies, Stephen,
4136:Dinornis robustus
4125:Vorombe/Aepyornis
3816:Opisthocomiformes
3768:Procellariiformes
3722:Jacamerops aureus
3463:great albatrosses
3459:P. conspicillatus
3443:Pelecanus crispus
3439:Dalmatian pelican
3418:Dalmatian pelican
3321:Mycerobas affinis
3317:collared grosbeak
3171:Agriornis lividus
3066:red-crowned crane
2843:helmeted hornbill
2801:Megaceryle maxima
2771:Raphus cucullatus
2424:Nycitbius grandis
2367:giant hummingbird
2352:purple needletail
2344:white-naped swift
2287:Branta canadensis
2264:Cygnus buccinator
2173:Accipiter henstii
2125:Hieraaetus moorei
2074:Aquila chrysaetos
2008:Gyps himalayensis
2004:Himalayan vulture
2000:Aegypius monachus
1923:
1922:
1870:California condor
1760:Pelecanus crispus
1754:Dalmatian pelican
1673:Cygnus buccinator
1292:
1291:
1240:Patagornis marshi
844:(elephant birds)
842:Aepyornithiformes
595:Devincenzia pozzi
462:(elephant birds)
460:Aepyornithiformes
386:Dromornis murrayi
376:Late Pleistocene
347:Late Pleistocene
327:Genyornis newtoni
166:(elephant birds)
164:Aepyornithiformes
149:Aepyornis maximus
88:Aepyornis maximus
36:Aepyornis maximus
7517:
7490:
7473:
7467:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7442:
7429:
7420:
7414:
7408:
7402:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7363:
7357:
7343:
7337:
7323:
7317:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7267:
7261:
7248:
7242:
7228:
7222:
7212:
7206:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7148:
7139:
7126:
7120:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7066:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7039:
7033:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7003:
7002:. Ecostravel.com
6997:
6991:
6977:
6968:
6954:
6948:
6941:
6935:
6923:Clement, Peter,
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6897:
6891:
6885:
6879:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6807:
6801:
6788:
6782:
6768:
6762:
6756:
6750:
6736:
6730:
6716:
6710:
6697:
6691:
6678:
6672:
6659:
6653:
6647:
6641:
6628:
6622:
6609:
6603:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6559:. Museum.lsu.edu
6547:
6541:
6535:
6529:
6515:
6509:
6506:Hornbill Profile
6503:
6497:
6484:
6478:
6464:
6458:
6445:
6439:
6425:
6419:
6416:Giant Kingfisher
6413:
6407:
6406:
6362:
6356:
6342:
6336:
6322:
6316:
6315:. Mousebirds.com
6310:
6304:
6297:
6291:
6288:
6282:
6268:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6247:
6241:
6226:
6220:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6186:
6180:
6167:
6161:
6155:
6149:
6148:. birdfellow.com
6143:
6137:
6123:
6117:
6102:
6096:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6051:
6045:
6031:
6025:
6018:
6012:
6000:Chantler, Phil,
5998:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5976:. 21 April 2015.
5970:
5964:
5963:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5936:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5856:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5783:
5774:
5761:
5755:
5750:
5731:
5724:
5718:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5690:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5663:
5657:
5643:
5612:
5599:
5593:
5576:
5567:
5556:
5543:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5507:Business Insider
5498:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5466:
5457:
5443:
5420:
5413:
5407:
5393:
5368:
5367:
5357:
5347:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5288:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5252:
5251:
5241:
5231:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5171:
5170:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5115:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5070:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5035:
5029:
5022:
5016:
5015:
4997:
4988:
4982:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4958:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4901:
4883:
4851:
4842:
4841:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4791:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4696:
4690:
4683:
4674:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4590:
4581:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4518:
4485:
4472:
4471:
4453:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4424:
4418:
4405:
4396:
4382:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4304:
4294:D. novozealandae
4289:
4283:
4280:
4274:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4172:forests, is the
4082:Struthio camelus
4069:Struthioniformes
3781:Diomedea exulans
3731:Podicipediformes
3711:Megalaima virens
3603:greater flamingo
3572:Phaethontiformes
3390:olive oropendola
3245:is the aberrant
3145:C. crassirostris
2962:Tetrao urogallus
2898:Falco rusticolus
2839:Buceros bicornis
2797:giant kingfisher
2620:greater adjutant
2436:Papuan frogmouth
2411:Caprimulgiformes
2402:Caprimulgiformes
2382:Lesbia victoriae
2306:Cairina moschata
2204:Buteo hemilasius
2192:ferruginous hawk
2157:Eurasian goshawk
2119:The now extinct
2059:Philippine eagle
1702:Diomedea exulans
1354:Struthio camelus
1311:
1225:Dinornithiformes
1111:Dinornithiformes
1081:Dinornithiformes
1075:Megalapterygidae
1051:Dinornithiformes
1021:Dinornithiformes
991:Dinornithiformes
872:Dinornithiformes
836:Mullerornithidae
730:Late Cretaceous
550:Dinornithiformes
371:Struthioniformes
297:Dromornis planei
282:Struthioniformes
223:Struthioniformes
117:
80:Diomedea exulans
57:Struthio camelus
7525:
7524:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7495:
7494:
7493:
7474:
7470:
7461:
7457:
7449:
7445:
7430:
7423:
7415:
7411:
7403:
7399:
7391:
7387:
7365:
7364:
7360:
7344:
7340:
7324:
7320:
7307:
7303:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7259:Wayback Machine
7249:
7245:
7229:
7225:
7213:
7209:
7193:
7189:
7181:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7149:
7142:
7136:Wayback Machine
7127:
7123:
7118:Wayback Machine
7108:
7104:
7064:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7046:
7042:
7034:
7030:
7022:
7018:
7010:
7006:
6998:
6994:
6978:
6971:
6955:
6951:
6942:
6938:
6922:
6918:
6910:
6906:
6898:
6894:
6886:
6882:
6867:
6863:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6819:
6817:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6799:Wayback Machine
6789:
6785:
6769:
6765:
6757:
6753:
6738:Taylor, Barry,
6737:
6733:
6717:
6713:
6708:Wayback Machine
6698:
6694:
6679:
6675:
6669:Wayback Machine
6660:
6656:
6648:
6644:
6638:Wayback Machine
6629:
6625:
6620:Wayback Machine
6610:
6606:
6591:
6587:
6579:
6575:
6567:
6563:
6557:Wayback Machine
6548:
6544:
6536:
6532:
6516:
6512:
6504:
6500:
6494:Wayback Machine
6485:
6481:
6465:
6461:
6456:Wayback Machine
6446:
6442:
6426:
6422:
6414:
6410:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6343:
6339:
6323:
6319:
6311:
6307:
6298:
6294:
6289:
6285:
6269:
6265:
6257:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6228:Fuller, Errol,
6227:
6223:
6217:Wayback Machine
6208:
6204:
6195:
6193:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6178:Wayback Machine
6168:
6164:
6156:
6152:
6144:
6140:
6124:
6120:
6103:
6099:
6084:Cleere, Nigel,
6083:
6079:
6071:
6067:
6061:Wayback Machine
6052:
6048:
6032:
6028:
6019:
6015:
5999:
5995:
5986:
5985:
5981:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5923:
5919:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5869:
5854:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5804:
5800:
5784:
5777:
5771:Wayback Machine
5762:
5758:
5751:
5734:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5644:
5615:
5600:
5596:
5590:Wayback Machine
5577:
5570:
5557:
5546:
5533:
5529:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5487:
5483:
5467:
5460:
5444:
5423:
5414:
5410:
5394:
5371:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5303:
5290:
5289:
5282:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5255:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5191:
5174:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5063:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5023:
5019:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4976:
4972:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4853:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4784:
4777:
4775:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4734:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4684:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4605:(5): e1180298.
4592:
4591:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4566:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4487:
4486:
4475:
4468:
4455:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4434:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4415:Wayback Machine
4406:
4399:
4383:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4217:
4191:
4161:
4073:
4015:Bubo blakistoni
3998:
3959:emperor penguin
3954:
3950:Sphenisciformes
3941:emperor penguin
3921:
3857:
3820:
3772:
3735:
3694:) of southeast
3649:Ramphastos toco
3640:
3598:
3576:
3507:Pelagornithidae
3482:great cormorant
3431:
3375:giant antshrike
3305:crow honeyeater
3289:Padda oryzivora
3209:Turdus fuscater
3179:Tyrannus savana
3152:superb lyrebird
3124:
3078:G. leucogeranus
3070:Grus japonensis
3030:
2984:
2923:
2890:Accipitriformes
2885:
2860:
2847:Rhinoplax vigil
2822:
2792:
2743:
2718:Colius striatus
2709:
2696:Nipponia nippon
2632:L. crumeniferus
2616:Jabiru mycteria
2595:
2512:Eurasian curlew
2476:
2472:Charadriiformes
2428:tawny frogmouth
2415:
2365:species is the
2339:
2251:
2177:Meyer's goshawk
2169:Henst's goshawk
2163:) of temperate
2144:trumpeter swans
1977:
1973:Accipitriformes
1971:Birds of prey (
1928:
1551:Dwarf cassowary
1493:Emperor penguin
1334:
1330:
1326:
1302:
1297:
1278:Pelagornithidae
1251:(terror birds)
1135:Sylviornithidae
958:(terror birds)
896:Teratornithidae
809:(terror birds)
788:Middle Miocene
780:(terror birds)
754:Sphenisciformes
721:Gargantuaviidae
665:(terror birds)
654:Titanis walleri
606:(terror birds)
427:(terror birds)
317:Middle Miocene
249:(thunderbirds)
247:Brontornithidae
139:Geological age
115:
110:
12:
11:
5:
7523:
7521:
7513:
7512:
7510:Lists of birds
7507:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7491:
7468:
7455:
7443:
7421:
7409:
7397:
7385:
7374:(3): 308β317.
7358:
7338:
7318:
7316:53(1): 164-172
7301:
7262:
7243:
7223:
7207:
7187:
7175:
7173:. Birdlife.org
7163:
7140:
7138:. Seaworld.org
7121:
7102:
7052:
7040:
7036:Procelariiform
7028:
7016:
7004:
6992:
6969:
6949:
6943:Byers, Clive,
6936:
6916:
6904:
6892:
6880:
6861:
6826:
6802:
6783:
6763:
6751:
6731:
6711:
6692:
6673:
6654:
6642:
6623:
6604:
6585:
6573:
6561:
6542:
6530:
6510:
6498:
6479:
6459:
6440:
6420:
6408:
6373:(3): 233β236.
6357:
6337:
6324:Gibbs, David,
6317:
6305:
6292:
6283:
6263:
6251:
6242:
6221:
6202:
6181:
6162:
6150:
6138:
6125:Brazil, Mark,
6118:
6097:
6077:
6065:
6046:
6026:
6013:
5993:
5979:
5965:
5962:. 12 May 2021.
5960:"Muscovy Duck"
5951:
5937:
5917:
5903:
5889:
5875:
5872:on 2006-11-08.
5842:
5830:
5810:
5798:
5775:
5756:
5732:
5719:
5710:
5676:
5658:
5613:
5594:
5568:
5544:
5527:
5513:
5493:
5481:
5468:Marion, Remi,
5458:
5421:
5408:
5369:
5308:
5301:
5280:
5267:
5253:
5194:
5172:
5129:
5098:(7): 555β560.
5078:
5050:
5030:
5017:
5006:(4): 201β229.
4983:
4970:
4913:
4866:(12): e82668.
4843:
4836:
4818:
4799:
4754:
4732:
4691:
4675:
4666:
4640:
4582:
4573:
4548:
4473:
4466:
4443:
4419:
4397:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4284:
4275:
4259:
4250:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4204:montane forest
4190:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4160:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4128:
4121:elephant birds
4117:
4114:Rhea americana
4072:
4065:
4052:
4051:
4032:family is the
4026:
4023:Strix nebulosa
4019:great gray owl
3997:
3990:
3977:
3976:
3953:
3946:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3917:Pterocliformes
3913:
3912:
3911:
3896:
3881:
3862:hyacinth macaw
3856:
3853:Psittaciformes
3849:
3844:hyacinth macaw
3836:
3835:
3819:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3795:
3784:
3771:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3747:Podiceps major
3740:South American
3734:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3714:
3699:
3652:
3639:
3632:
3615:
3614:
3597:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3534:Osteodontornis
3517:Pelecaniformes
3504:
3497:
3466:
3451:P. onocrotalus
3430:
3427:Pelecaniformes
3423:
3410:
3409:
3386:
3379:Batara cinerea
3357:family is the
3339:
3332:Abert's towhee
3324:
3313:"true finches"
3281:
3254:
3251:Icteria virens
3239:
3236:Sylvia nisoria
3232:barred warbler
3212:
3197:
3182:
3159:
3148:
3123:
3116:
3103:
3102:
3081:
3074:Siberian crane
3050:
3029:
3022:
3011:Alongside the
3005:
3004:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2965:
2950:
2939:
2922:
2915:
2910:Indian peafowl
2902:
2901:
2884:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2859:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2835:great hornbill
2821:
2818:Bucerotiformes
2814:
2813:
2812:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2763:
2760:Ducula galeata
2752:Goura victoria
2742:
2735:
2722:
2721:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2664:
2651:
2594:
2587:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2542:
2531:Vanellus miles
2527:masked lapwing
2519:
2496:
2493:L. hyperboreus
2475:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2414:
2407:
2390:
2389:
2374:
2371:Patagona gigas
2359:
2338:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2298:
2279:
2260:trumpeter swan
2250:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2226:
2207:
2200:upland buzzard
2184:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2117:
2102:
2091:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2044:
2041:Harpia harpyja
2026:
2011:
1992:
1989:Vultur gryphus
1976:
1969:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:Vultur gryphus
1843:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1667:Trumpeter swan
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:Rhea americana
1524:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1379:
1377:Somali ostrich
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1348:Common ostrich
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1249:Phorusrhacidae
1246:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
988:
982:
979:
972:
968:
967:
964:
959:
956:Phorusrhacidae
953:
950:
943:
939:
938:
935:
929:
926:Dromornithidae
923:
920:
913:
909:
908:
905:
902:Cathartiformes
899:
893:
890:
883:
879:
878:
875:
869:
863:
860:
853:
849:
848:
845:
839:
833:
830:
823:
819:
818:
815:
810:
807:Phorusrhacidae
804:
801:
794:
790:
789:
786:
781:
778:Phorusrhacidae
775:
772:
765:
761:
760:
757:
751:
746:
743:
736:
732:
731:
728:
723:
718:
715:
708:
704:
703:
700:
694:
692:Gastornithidae
689:
686:
679:
675:
674:
671:
666:
663:Phorusrhacidae
660:
657:
650:
646:
645:
642:
636:
633:Dromornithidae
630:
627:
620:
616:
615:
612:
607:
604:Phorusrhacidae
601:
598:
591:
587:
586:
583:
577:
574:Dromornithidae
571:
568:
561:
557:
556:
553:
547:
541:
538:
530:
526:
525:
522:
516:
514:Gastornithidae
511:
508:
501:
497:
496:
493:
487:
484:Dromornithidae
481:
478:
471:
467:
466:
463:
457:
454:Aepyornithidae
451:
448:
441:
437:
436:
435:Early Miocene
433:
428:
425:Phorusrhacidae
422:
419:
412:
408:
407:
404:
398:
395:Dromornithidae
392:
389:
382:
378:
377:
374:
368:
363:
360:
353:
349:
348:
345:
339:
336:Dromornithidae
333:
330:
323:
319:
318:
315:
309:
306:Dromornithidae
303:
300:
293:
289:
288:
285:
279:
274:
271:
264:
260:
259:
258:Early Miocene
256:
250:
244:
241:
234:
230:
229:
226:
220:
215:
212:
205:
201:
200:
197:
191:
188:Dromornithidae
185:
182:
175:
171:
170:
167:
161:
158:Aepyornithidae
155:
152:
145:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:Mass estimate
126:
121:
114:
111:
109:
106:
61:Somali ostrich
53:common ostrich
24:common ostrich
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7522:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7472:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7456:
7452:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7410:
7406:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7389:
7386:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7359:
7356:
7355:84-87334-22-9
7352:
7348:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7305:
7302:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7240:84-87334-10-5
7237:
7233:
7227:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7191:
7188:
7184:
7179:
7176:
7172:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7106:
7103:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7044:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7029:
7025:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6908:
6905:
6901:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6865:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6830:
6827:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6752:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6689:0-276-42012-8
6686:
6682:
6677:
6674:
6671:. gruitag.org
6670:
6666:
6663:
6658:
6655:
6651:
6646:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6632:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6514:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6424:
6421:
6417:
6412:
6409:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6255:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6206:
6203:
6191:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6114:0-618-72641-1
6111:
6107:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5966:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5934:1-55297-777-3
5931:
5927:
5921:
5918:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5890:
5885:
5879:
5876:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5720:
5714:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5677:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5645:Wood, Gerald
5642:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:0-618-12762-3
5607:
5603:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5564:84-87334-20-2
5561:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5478:0-8069-4232-0
5475:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5294:
5293:Extinct Birds
5287:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5198:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5133:
5130:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5053:
5051:9780691190594
5047:
5043:
5042:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4458:Extinct Birds
4452:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4272:Cariamiformes
4269:
4263:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4226:
4222:
4221:Dinosaur size
4219:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4187:Trogoniformes
4184:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3904:palm cockatoo
3901:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3718:great jacamar
3715:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3570:Tropicbirds (
3569:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3406:South America
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3336:Pipilo aberti
3333:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3120:Passeriformes
3117:
3112:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:Grus antigone
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:Ardeotis kori
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:great bustard
3032:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3013:great bustard
3009:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:Gavia adamsii
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:green peafowl
2940:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:Falconiformes
2878:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:Coraciiformes
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:Columbiformes
2736:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:Ardea goliath
2637:
2636:goliath heron
2633:
2629:
2628:marabou stork
2625:
2621:
2618:), the Asian
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:Ciconiiformes
2588:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2489:glaucous gull
2486:
2485:Larus marinus
2482:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
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2412:
2408:
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2399:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2379:
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2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2238:Milvus milvus
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:swamp harrier
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:Buteo regalis
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:hawks is the
2154:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:Haast's eagle
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:martial eagle
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:secretarybird
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:Andean condor
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1964:secretarybird
1960:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1936:Andean condor
1932:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:Great bustard
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:Andean condor
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1818:Cygnus cygnus
1815:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:Ardeotis kori
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
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1728:
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1610:
1607:
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1603:
1599:
1596:
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1587:
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1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
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1509:
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1503:
1501:
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1496:
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1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
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1459:
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1454:
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1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:Binomial Name
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:Cariamiformes
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:(lesser moa)
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:Columbiformes
1193:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1107:(lesser moa)
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:(upland moa)
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:(lesser moa)
1046:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:(lesser moa)
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:Emeus crassus
1003:
999:
995:
992:
989:
987:(lesser moa)
986:
983:
980:
978:
977:
973:
969:
965:
963:
962:Cariamiformes
960:
957:
954:
951:
949:
948:
944:
940:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
919:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
889:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:
870:
868:(lesser moa)
867:
864:
861:
859:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
829:
828:
824:
820:
816:
814:
813:Cariamiformes
811:
808:
805:
802:
800:
799:
795:
791:
787:
785:
784:Cariamiformes
782:
779:
776:
773:
771:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:
752:
750:
747:
744:
742:
741:
737:
733:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
716:
714:
713:
709:
705:
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
687:
685:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
669:Cariamiformes
667:
664:
661:
658:
656:
655:
651:
647:
644:Late Miocene
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
626:
625:
621:
617:
613:
611:
610:Cariamiformes
608:
605:
602:
599:
597:
596:
592:
588:
585:Late Miocene
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
567:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:Dinornithidae
542:
539:
536:
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:
517:
515:
512:
509:
507:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
477:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
447:
446:
442:
438:
434:
432:
431:Cariamiformes
429:
426:
423:
420:
418:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
388:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
369:
367:
366:Struthionidae
364:
361:
359:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
329:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
299:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
280:
278:
277:Struthionidae
275:
272:
270:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
240:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
221:
219:
218:Struthionidae
216:
213:
211:
210:
206:
202:
199:Late Miocene
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
181:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
151:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
124:Binomial name
122:
119:
118:
112:
107:
105:
103:
99:
98:
92:
90:
89:
83:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
37:
32:
25:
20:
16:
7479:
7471:
7463:
7458:
7446:
7431:
7412:
7400:
7395:. app.pan.pl
7388:
7371:
7367:
7361:
7346:
7341:
7326:
7321:
7313:
7304:
7279:
7275:
7265:
7246:
7231:
7226:
7218:
7210:
7195:
7190:
7178:
7166:
7151:
7124:
7105:
7072:
7068:
7055:
7043:
7031:
7019:
7007:
6995:
6980:
6957:
6952:
6944:
6939:
6924:
6919:
6907:
6895:
6883:
6868:
6864:
6839:
6829:
6818:. Retrieved
6814:
6805:
6786:
6771:
6766:
6759:Common Raven
6754:
6739:
6734:
6719:
6714:
6695:
6680:
6676:
6657:
6645:
6626:
6607:
6593:
6588:
6576:
6564:
6545:
6533:
6518:
6513:
6501:
6482:
6467:
6462:
6443:
6428:
6423:
6411:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6345:
6340:
6325:
6320:
6308:
6300:
6295:
6286:
6271:
6266:
6254:
6245:
6229:
6224:
6219:. Nhptv.org.
6205:
6194:. Retrieved
6192:. 2024-02-06
6184:
6165:
6153:
6141:
6126:
6121:
6105:
6100:
6085:
6080:
6073:Oilbird Card
6068:
6049:
6034:
6029:
6021:
6016:
6001:
5996:
5982:
5968:
5954:
5940:
5925:
5920:
5906:
5892:
5878:
5867:the original
5862:
5858:
5845:
5833:
5822:
5813:
5801:
5786:
5759:
5727:
5722:
5713:
5696:
5692:
5679:
5670:
5661:
5646:
5601:
5597:
5581:
5530:
5516:
5505:
5496:
5484:
5469:
5445:
5416:
5411:
5396:
5327:
5321:
5311:
5292:
5278:(1987, 2001)
5275:
5270:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5055:. Retrieved
5040:
5033:
5025:
5020:
5003:
4999:
4986:
4978:
4973:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4863:
4859:
4827:
4821:
4812:
4802:
4788:cite journal
4776:. Retrieved
4771:
4767:
4757:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4686:
4669:
4657:. Retrieved
4653:
4643:
4602:
4598:
4576:
4565:. Retrieved
4563:. 2014-07-07
4560:
4551:
4498:
4494:
4457:
4435:. Retrieved
4431:
4422:
4385:
4326:
4317:
4308:
4298:
4292:
4287:
4278:
4268:Anseriformes
4262:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4199:
4177:
4174:grey tinamou
4157:Tinamiformes
4135:
4124:
4113:
4110:greater rhea
4105:
4097:
4081:
4060:grey tinamou
4041:
4037:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3994:Strigiformes
3970:
3967:king penguin
3962:
3928:
3915:Sandgrouse (
3907:
3892:
3883:The largest
3873:
3865:
3827:
3806:
3799:procellarids
3797:The largest
3791:
3780:
3746:
3721:
3710:
3707:great barbet
3691:
3675:
3659:
3648:
3606:
3584:
3556:
3542:
3537:of the late
3532:
3525:large waders
3510:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3401:
3393:
3378:
3366:
3350:
3335:
3320:
3308:
3301:Australasian
3288:
3285:Java sparrow
3277:
3265:
3250:
3235:
3227:
3208:
3205:Great thrush
3193:
3178:
3170:
3155:
3144:
3137:Corvus corax
3136:
3133:common raven
3096:
3092:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3046:
3043:kori bustard
3038:
3017:kori bustard
3000:
2992:
2968:
2961:
2947:Pavo muticus
2946:
2931:
2897:
2871:
2865:Australasian
2856:Cuculiformes
2846:
2838:
2830:
2808:
2800:
2778:
2770:
2759:
2751:
2717:
2703:Mousebirds (
2695:
2692:crested ibis
2671:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2603:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2538:
2535:Caspian tern
2530:
2515:
2507:
2492:
2484:
2470:Shorebirds (
2462:
2457:family, the
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2381:
2370:
2355:
2347:
2325:
2310:paraphyletic
2305:
2302:Muscovy duck
2294:
2286:
2283:Canada goose
2271:
2263:
2254:The largest
2247:Anseriformes
2237:
2214:
2203:
2195:
2180:
2172:
2160:
2124:
2110:Aquila audax
2109:
2098:
2084:
2073:
2070:golden eagle
2062:
2051:
2040:
2018:
2007:
1999:
1988:
1952:Accipitridae
1903:
1874:
1845:
1816:
1812:Whooper swan
1787:
1783:Kori bustard
1758:
1729:
1700:
1671:
1642:
1613:
1609:King penguin
1586:Rhea pennata
1584:
1555:
1526:
1522:Greater rhea
1497:
1468:
1439:
1410:
1381:
1352:
1329:Maximum mass
1325:Average mass
1317:Common name
1303:
1267:
1238:
1208:
1179:
1165:Eremopezidae
1154:
1124:
1094:
1064:
1034:
1004:
974:
945:
934:(waterfowl)
932:Anseriformes
928:(mihirungs)
915:
885:
855:
825:
797:
767:
749:Spheniscidae
738:
710:
699:(waterfowl)
697:Anseriformes
681:
652:
641:(waterfowl)
639:Anseriformes
635:(mihirungs)
622:
593:
582:(waterfowl)
580:Anseriformes
576:(mihirungs)
563:
546:(giant moa)
532:
521:(waterfowl)
519:Anseriformes
503:
492:(waterfowl)
490:Anseriformes
486:(mihirungs)
473:
443:
414:
403:(waterfowl)
401:Anseriformes
397:(mihirungs)
384:
373:(ostriches)
355:
344:(waterfowl)
342:Anseriformes
338:(mihirungs)
325:
314:(waterfowl)
312:Anseriformes
308:(mihirungs)
295:
284:(ostriches)
266:
255:(waterfowl)
253:Anseriformes
237:
225:(ostriches)
207:
196:(waterfowl)
194:Anseriformes
190:(mihirungs)
177:
147:
129:
101:
95:
93:
86:
84:
79:
73:
69:Ostrich eggs
64:
56:
43:The largest
42:
34:
15:
7453:. OwlPages.
7075:(5): 1313.
6793:. eNature
6662:Sarus Crane
6519:The Cuckoos
6466:Alan Kemp,
5123:11336/32571
4300:D. robustus
4178:Tinamus tao
4170:neotropical
4140:New Zealand
3766:Tubenoses (
3743:great grebe
3645:toco toucan
3623:toco toucan
3592:Flamingos (
3547:, from the
3355:neotropical
3118:Songbirds (
3058:sarus crane
3001:Gavia immer
2980:Gaviiformes
2928:wild turkey
2919:Galliformes
2917:Gamebirds (
2705:Coliiformes
2648:A. insignis
2602:of Africa (
2554:Uria lomvia
2420:great potoo
2398:great potoo
2363:hummingbird
2335:Apodiformes
2272:Cygnus olor
2245:Waterfowl (
2219:Australasia
2153:accipitrine
2037:harpy eagle
1926:By families
1731:Cygnus olor
1580:Lesser rhea
1143:(landfowl)
1141:Galliformes
898:(teratorn)
102:P. sandersi
47:species of
7499:Categories
7440:0300142277
7282:(4): 581.
7215:Jacamaraçu
6820:2021-01-09
6571:. Nwtf.org
6354:0691115273
6196:2024-02-06
4689:, 138-155.
4567:2024-05-29
4501:(1): 914.
4437:2020-11-05
4338:References
4155:Tinamous (
4142:that went
3948:Penguins (
3636:Piciformes
3627:Piciformes
3470:cormorants
3328:emberizids
3297:honeyeater
3163:Tyrannidae
3072:) and the
3054:Gruiformes
3039:Otis tarda
3026:Gruiformes
2970:Sylviornis
2773:) and the
2676:wing chord
2668:giant ibis
2516:N. arquata
2500:sandpipers
2314:Tadorninae
2198:) and the
2186:Among the
2142:Migrating
2129:aboriginal
1905:Otis tarda
1306:flightless
1288:Oligocene
1190:Columbidae
756:(penguin)
7417:Eagle Owl
7296:198156686
7129:Flamingos
6856:216306066
6230:Great Auk
5699:: 23β32.
5671:Watchbird
5159:0003-0996
5145:(1): 39.
5067:cite book
5057:30 August
4947:0962-8452
4890:1932-6203
4778:9 January
4727:1424-2818
4711:(2): 47.
4705:Diversity
4627:0272-4634
4525:2041-1723
4202:) of the
4185:Trogons (
4067:Ratites (
4048:cursorial
4007:Bubo bubo
3851:Parrots (
3814:Hoatzin (
3563:albatross
3529:waterfowl
3527:and even
3521:tubenoses
3359:ovenbirds
3293:estrildid
3056:, is the
2894:gyrfalcon
2879:Falcons (
2737:Pigeons (
2661:teratorns
2558:great auk
2320:) is the
2256:waterfowl
2188:buteonine
2132:wingspan.
1725:Mute swan
1200:Holocene
966:Pliocene
534:Dinornis
495:Pliocene
7255:Archived
7219:WikiAves
7132:Archived
7114:Archived
7097:84476605
6795:Archived
6704:Archived
6665:Archived
6634:Archived
6616:Archived
6553:Archived
6496:. ARKive
6490:Archived
6452:Archived
6403:29215473
6395:21240603
6213:Archived
6174:Archived
6057:Archived
5859:Notornis
5773:. ARKive
5767:Archived
5586:Archived
5364:25002475
5248:17640902
5167:43707746
4965:23576789
4908:24367537
4860:PLOS ONE
4774:(1): 6β8
4635:88784039
4561:BBC News
4543:36854679
4411:Archived
4215:See also
4148:mihirung
3900:cockatoo
3885:parakeet
3832:pheasant
3729:Grebes (
3680:Arkansas
3558:Dasornis
3435:Pelicans
3383:icterids
3343:tanagers
3270:babblers
2455:nightjar
2318:Anatinae
2234:red kite
1338:Flighted
1259:Miocene
907:Miocene
817:Miocene
614:Neogene
7380:4131109
7314:Society
7077:Bibcode
6375:Bibcode
5726:Remsen
5649:(1983)
5355:4115518
5332:Bibcode
5239:1941455
5216:Bibcode
5100:Bibcode
4956:3652460
4899:3867382
4868:Bibcode
4659:3 March
4607:Bibcode
4534:9974994
4503:Bibcode
4166:tinamou
4144:extinct
4078:ostrich
3887:is the
3824:Hoatzin
3801:is the
3703:barbets
3684:Florida
3553:Nigeria
3539:Miocene
3472:is the
3371:antbird
3315:is the
3258:bulbuls
3218:is the
3216:Eurasia
3129:Corvids
2978:Loons (
2523:plovers
2444:oilbird
2322:mallard
2274:) from
2232:is the
2223:harrier
2165:Eurasia
1219:Emeidae
1171:Eocene
1105:Emeidae
1045:Emeidae
1015:Emeidae
985:Emeidae
866:Emeidae
759:Eocene
726:Avialae
702:Eocene
524:Eocene
133:Family
7486:
7438:
7378:
7353:
7333:
7294:
7238:
7202:
7158:
7095:
6987:
6964:
6931:
6875:
6854:
6778:
6746:
6726:
6687:
6598:
6525:
6474:
6435:
6401:
6393:
6352:
6332:
6278:
6236:
6133:
6112:
6092:
6041:
6008:
5932:
5793:
5730:(2008)
5728:et al.
5653:
5608:
5562:
5538:
5476:
5452:
5403:
5362:
5352:
5299:
5276:et al.
5246:
5236:
5165:
5157:
5048:
4963:
4953:
4945:
4906:
4896:
4888:
4834:
4725:
4633:
4625:
4541:
4531:
4523:
4464:
4392:
4208:trogon
4090:Arabia
4086:Africa
3992:Owls (
3870:kΔkΔpΕ
3664:Mexico
3611:cranes
3549:Eocene
3201:thrush
3089:takahΔ
3015:, the
2954:grouse
2688:culmen
2684:tarsus
2612:jabiru
2608:storks
2276:Poland
2175:) and
1638:Turkey
1227:(moa)
1113:(moa)
1083:(moa)
1053:(moa)
1023:(moa)
993:(moa)
874:(moa)
552:(moa)
136:Order
45:extant
7376:JSTOR
7292:S2CID
7093:S2CID
7065:(PDF)
6852:S2CID
6399:S2CID
5870:(PDF)
5855:(PDF)
5689:(PDF)
5163:JSTOR
4996:(PDF)
4631:S2CID
4580:ibid.
4227:Notes
3662:) of
3085:rails
2546:alcid
2217:) of
2030:eagle
2021:) of
1314:Rank
120:Rank
7484:ISBN
7436:ISBN
7351:ISBN
7331:ISBN
7236:ISBN
7200:ISBN
7156:ISBN
6985:ISBN
6962:ISBN
6929:ISBN
6873:ISBN
6776:ISBN
6744:ISBN
6724:ISBN
6685:ISBN
6596:ISBN
6523:ISBN
6472:ISBN
6433:ISBN
6391:PMID
6350:ISBN
6330:ISBN
6276:ISBN
6234:ISBN
6131:ISBN
6110:ISBN
6090:ISBN
6039:ISBN
6006:ISBN
5930:ISBN
5791:ISBN
5651:ISBN
5606:ISBN
5560:ISBN
5536:ISBN
5474:ISBN
5450:ISBN
5401:ISBN
5360:PMID
5323:PNAS
5297:ISBN
5244:PMID
5155:ISSN
5073:link
5059:2022
5046:ISBN
4961:PMID
4943:ISSN
4904:PMID
4886:ISSN
4832:ISBN
4794:link
4780:2023
4723:ISSN
4661:2023
4623:ISSN
4539:PMID
4521:ISSN
4462:ISBN
4390:ISBN
4194:The
4088:and
4058:The
3983:The
3939:The
3842:The
3786:The
3757:The
3696:Asia
3621:The
3555:and
3416:The
3109:The
2908:The
2767:dodo
2728:The
2680:tail
2580:The
2396:The
2230:kite
2209:The
2093:The
2079:The
2068:The
2046:The
2035:The
1962:The
1946:The
1934:The
1919:Yes
1890:Yes
1861:Yes
1832:Yes
1803:Yes
1774:Yes
1745:Yes
1716:Yes
1687:Yes
1658:Yes
537:sp.
49:bird
22:The
7284:doi
7280:118
7085:doi
6844:doi
6383:doi
5701:doi
5350:PMC
5340:doi
5328:111
5234:PMC
5224:doi
5212:104
5147:doi
5143:102
5118:hdl
5108:doi
5008:doi
4951:PMC
4935:doi
4931:280
4894:PMC
4876:doi
4713:doi
4615:doi
4529:PMC
4511:doi
4094:emu
3682:or
2268:cob
1629:No
1600:No
1571:No
1542:No
1513:No
1484:No
1464:Emu
1455:No
1426:No
1397:No
1368:No
1264:40
1235:39
1205:38
1176:37
1151:36
1121:35
1091:34
1061:33
1031:32
1001:31
971:30
942:29
912:28
882:27
852:26
822:25
793:24
764:23
735:21
707:20
678:19
649:18
619:17
590:16
560:15
529:14
500:13
470:12
440:11
411:10
7501::
7478:,
7424:^
7372:73
7370:.
7349:.
7312:.
7290:.
7278:.
7274:.
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7217:;
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7091:.
7083:.
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