26:
under that system. It includes instruments with a resonator that is not physically integral to the instrument, with more than one string stretched between the ends of a curved and inflexible stick. Anthropologist Thomas Alvad has concluded that instruments of this type are an intermediate stage in
1078:
163:
79:
1052:
63:
595:
1013:
706:
43:
856:
422:
311:
von
Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann".
399:
131:
103:
1057:
67:: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument
456:
392:
408:
385:
964:
136:
1029:
287:
895:
181:
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
515:
328:
990:
952:
52:
978:
433:
320:
239:
984:
564:
551:
275:
83:: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (
1023:
970:
1072:
774:
588:
487:
1008:
875:
780:
621:
472:
108:
958:
757:
743:
730:
701:
615:
536:
526:
295:
Curved stick with strings stretched from end to end and a boat-shaped resonator
216:
48:
32:
28:
811:
627:
84:
851:
836:
541:
417:
47:: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (
377:
1037:
805:
735:
283:
201:
648:
332:
944:
719:
324:
935:
498:
822:
799:
381:
107:: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier (
1079:
Lists of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
22:, covering those instruments that are classified under
1053:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
1005:
925:
865:
849:
789:
715:
698:
677:
657:
641:
604:
586:
562:
513:
470:
431:
415:
167:: Instrument has more than one resonator gourds
20:list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number
393:
8:
135:: Instrument has no curved or flexible end (
862:
712:
601:
428:
400:
386:
378:
255:
346:
7:
14:
1058:Musical instrument classification
265:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
27:the development of the simple
1:
1095:
313:The Galpin Society Journal
247:: Using a mechanical drive
1048:
194:: Bare hands and fingers
885:412.1. Idiophonic/reed
409:Hornbostel–Sachs system
267:
264:
261:
258:
905:412.2. Non-idiophonic
188:: Hammers or beaters
900:412.14. Band/Ribbon
461:112.2. Scraped/rasp
1034:53. Radioelectric
891:412.12. Percussive
888:412.11. Concussive
882:412. Interruptive
872:411. Displacement
53:string instruments
1066:
1065:
1001:
1000:
940:421.1. Non-fipple
845:
844:
694:
693:
582:
581:
447:111.2. Percussion
444:111.1. Concussion
302:
301:
137:true stick zither
1086:
911:412.21. Whirling
908:412.21. Rotating
863:
713:
687:242. Tube/vessel
602:
452:112. Indirectly
429:
402:
395:
388:
379:
372:
369:
363:
360:
354:
351:
336:
256:
230:: Using a ribbon
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1044:
1011:
1007:
997:
927:
921:
854:
841:
791:
785:
727:311. Bar/stick
717:
704:
700:
690:
673:
653:
637:
593:
590:
578:
558:
552:Glass harmonica
509:
466:
420:
411:
406:
376:
375:
370:
366:
361:
357:
352:
348:
343:
310:
307:
297:
280:
254:
224:: Using a wheel
38:
12:
11:
5:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
995:
994:
993:
987:
975:
974:
973:
967:
961:
949:
948:
947:
941:
931:
929:
923:
922:
920:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:
912:
909:
903:
902:
901:
898:
892:
889:
880:
879:
878:
869:
867:
860:
847:
846:
843:
842:
840:
839:
833:
832:
831:
828:
819:
818:
817:
814:
808:
795:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
777:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
754:
753:
752:
749:
740:
739:
738:
733:
724:
722:
710:
696:
695:
692:
691:
689:
688:
685:
681:
679:
675:
674:
672:
671:
668:
665:
661:
659:
655:
654:
652:
651:
645:
643:
639:
638:
636:
635:
632:
631:
630:
624:
618:
611:211. Directly
608:
606:
599:
584:
583:
580:
579:
577:
576:
573:
569:
567:
560:
559:
557:
556:
555:
554:
546:
545:
544:
539:
531:
530:
529:
520:
518:
511:
510:
508:
507:
506:
505:
504:122.2. Cut out
502:
492:
491:
490:
484:
477:
475:
468:
467:
465:
464:
463:
462:
459:
455:112.1. Shaken/
450:
449:
448:
445:
441:111. Directly
438:
436:
426:
413:
412:
407:
405:
404:
397:
390:
382:
374:
373:
371:Alvad, pg. 153
364:
362:Knight, pg. 12
355:
353:Alvad, pg. 154
345:
344:
342:
339:
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337:
325:10.2307/842168
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119:
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93:
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89:
88:
71:
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68:
57:
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13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1091:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:Amplification
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1004:
992:
988:
986:
982:
981:
980:
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946:
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917:
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904:
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877:
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873:
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868:
864:
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848:
838:
834:
829:
826:
825:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
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802:
801:
797:
796:
794:
788:
782:
778:
776:
772:
769:
764:
761:
760:
759:
755:
750:
747:
746:
745:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
726:
725:
723:
721:
714:
711:
708:
703:
697:
686:
683:
682:
680:
676:
669:
666:
663:
662:
660:
656:
650:
647:
646:
644:
640:
633:
629:
625:
623:
619:
617:
613:
612:
610:
609:
607:
603:
600:
597:
592:
585:
574:
571:
570:
568:
566:
561:
553:
550:
549:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
532:
528:
525:
524:
522:
521:
519:
517:
512:
503:
500:
497:122.1. Lace (
496:
495:
493:
489:
485:
482:
481:
479:
478:
476:
474:
469:
460:
458:
454:
453:
451:
446:
443:
442:
440:
439:
437:
435:
430:
427:
424:
419:
414:
410:
403:
398:
396:
391:
389:
384:
383:
380:
368:
365:
359:
356:
350:
347:
340:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
308:
304:
298:
294:
292:{{{Number}}}
291:
289:
285:
282:
279:
278:
277:
272:
271:
257:
251:
246:
243:
241:
237:
234:
229:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
211:
210:
208:
205:
203:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
182:
166:
165:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
110:
106:
105:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
86:
82:
81:
77:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
59:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:
41:
40:
39:
36:
34:
30:
25:
21:
16:
1009:Electrophone
918:413. Plosive
830:322.2. Frame
816:321.3.Handle
736:Stick zither
658:23. Friction
548:133. Vessel
533:132. Plaque
483:121.1. Clack
367:
358:
349:
316:
312:
296:
274:
273:
268:Description
244:
235:
227:
221:
212:
206:
197:
191:
185:
180:
162:
130:
109:stick zither
102:
78:
62:
49:chordophones
42:
37:
23:
19:
17:
15:
965:Single reed
959:Double reed
827:322.1. Open
765:Heterochord
731:Musical bow
702:Chordophone
678:24. Singing
642:22. Plucked
634:212. Shaken
575:142. Plaque
537:Musical saw
527:Nail violin
523:131. Stick
480:121. Frame
288:Afghanistan
259:Instrument
85:bar zithers
33:arched harp
29:musical bow
770:314. Board
716:31. Simple
664:231. Stick
605:21. Struck
572:141. Stick
494:122. Comb
305:References
262:Tradition
215:: Using a
18:This is a
991:Chromatic
896:Free reed
852:Aerophone
837:Harp lute
792:Composite
762:Idiochord
684:241. Free
670:233. Hand
667:232. Cord
542:Daxophone
488:Guimbarde
418:Idiophone
209:: Bowing
1073:Category
1038:Theremin
971:Reedpipe
928:Non-free
894:412.13.
866:41. Free
589:Membran-
516:Friction
319:: 3–29.
284:Nuristan
240:Keyboard
202:Plectrum
31:into an
985:Natural
969:422.3.
963:422.2.
957:422.1.
943:421.2.
810:321.2.
804:321.1.
649:Nyatiti
626:211.3.
622:Tubular
620:211.2.
614:211.1.
486:121.2.
473:Plucked
164:311.222
24:311.222
1024:Action
989:423.2
983:423.1
945:Fipple
775:Trough
720:zither
591:ophone
457:rattle
434:Struck
333:842168
331:
132:311.22
979:Brass
977:423.
951:422.
936:Flute
934:421.
835:323.
821:322.
798:321.
781:Frame
779:316.
773:315.
756:313.
748:Whole
742:312.
628:Frame
565:Blown
499:Mbira
341:Notes
329:JSTOR
104:311.2
1028:52.
1022:51.
1014:list
953:Reed
876:Whip
857:list
823:Harp
812:Yoke
800:Lute
758:Raft
751:Half
744:Tube
707:list
616:Bowl
596:list
563:14.
514:13.
471:12.
432:11.
423:list
252:List
926:42.
850:4.
806:Bow
790:32.
587:2.
416:1.
321:doi
276:waj
217:bow
80:311
1075::
1006:5.
718:/
699:3.
327:.
317:14
315:.
286:,
238::
228:73
222:72
213:71
200::
64:31
55:).
51:,
35:.
1016:)
1012:(
859:)
855:(
709:)
705:(
598:)
594:(
501:)
425:)
421:(
401:e
394:t
387:v
335:.
323::
245:9
236:8
207:7
198:6
192:5
186:4
139:)
111:)
87:)
44:3
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