37:
under that system. This category includes all instruments consisting of a simple string bearer and strings. An additional resonator may be present, but it is not integral, so removing it should not destroy the instrument - the resonator must not be supporting the strings.
1488:
460:
400:
308:
266:
572:
550:
528:
506:
484:
82:
1462:
66:
1005:
1423:
1116:
46:
1266:
832:
759:
von
Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann".
809:
226:
190:
158:
428:
368:
130:
340:
106:
1467:
70:: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument
866:
802:
17:
818:
795:
1374:
433:
1439:
1305:
611:
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
597:
925:
776:
1400:
1362:
746:
736:
55:
1388:
843:
768:
669:
1394:
974:
961:
86:: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (
1433:
1380:
1482:
1184:
998:
897:
555:
1418:
1285:
1190:
1031:
882:
731:
577:
533:
345:
532:: Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground (
1368:
1167:
1153:
1140:
1111:
1025:
946:
936:
724:
697:
692:
646:
605:
589:
511:
489:
373:
51:
134:: Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer
1221:
1037:
687:
87:
1261:
1246:
951:
827:
510:: Instrument has a string bearer made from canes tied together like a raft (
50:: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (
787:
1447:
1215:
1145:
741:
719:
631:
1058:
702:
780:
1354:
1129:
714:
593:
772:
1345:
908:
709:
601:
554:: Instrument with strings stretched across the mouth of a trough (
372:: Instrument has a string carrier with one curved, flexible end (
1232:
1209:
791:
488:: Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface (
18:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel-Sachs number: 311
576:: Instrument uses strings stretched across an open frame (
344:: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier (
1489:
Lists of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
33:, covering those instruments that are classified under
1463:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
110:: Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer
1415:
1335:
1275:
1259:
1199:
1125:
1108:
1087:
1067:
1051:
1014:
996:
972:
923:
880:
841:
825:
162:: Instruments with only one heterochord string
31:list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number
803:
230:: Instrument has a resonator that is attached
8:
432:: Instrument has no curved or flexible end (
1272:
1122:
1011:
838:
810:
796:
788:
270:: Instrument does not have a tuning noose
312:: Instrument does have a tuning noose
7:
464:: Instrument has one resonator gourd
404:: Instrument has one resonator gourd
25:
1468:Musical instrument classification
1:
194:: Instrument has a resonator
1505:
761:The Galpin Society Journal
677:: Using a mechanical drive
1458:
767:. Galpin Society: 3–29.
624:: Bare hands and fingers
1295:412.1. Idiophonic/reed
819:Hornbostel–Sachs system
588:This category includes
1315:412.2. Non-idiophonic
618:: Hammers or beaters
598:keyboard instruments
1310:412.14. Band/Ribbon
871:112.2. Scraped/rasp
1444:53. Radioelectric
1301:412.12. Percussive
1298:412.11. Concussive
1292:412. Interruptive
1282:411. Displacement
56:string instruments
1476:
1475:
1411:
1410:
1350:421.1. Non-fipple
1255:
1254:
1104:
1103:
992:
991:
857:111.2. Percussion
854:111.1. Concussion
747:Hammered dulcimer
434:true stick zither
16:(Redirected from
1496:
1321:412.21. Whirling
1318:412.21. Rotating
1273:
1123:
1097:242. Tube/vessel
1012:
862:112. Indirectly
839:
812:
805:
798:
789:
784:
660:: Using a ribbon
21:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1454:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1337:
1331:
1264:
1251:
1201:
1195:
1137:311. Bar/stick
1127:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1083:
1063:
1047:
1003:
1000:
988:
968:
962:Glass harmonica
919:
876:
830:
821:
816:
758:
755:
725:Overtone zither
684:
654:: Using a wheel
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1021:211. Directly
1018:
1016:
1009:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
983:
979:
977:
970:
969:
967:
966:
965:
964:
956:
955:
954:
949:
941:
940:
939:
930:
928:
921:
920:
918:
917:
916:
915:
914:122.2. Cut out
912:
902:
901:
900:
894:
887:
885:
878:
877:
875:
874:
873:
872:
869:
865:112.1. Shaken/
860:
859:
858:
855:
851:111. Directly
848:
846:
836:
823:
822:
817:
815:
814:
807:
800:
792:
786:
785:
773:10.2307/842168
754:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
728:
727:
722:
712:
707:
706:
705:
695:
690:
683:
680:
679:
678:
672:
663:
662:
661:
655:
649:
634:
625:
619:
586:
585:
584:
583:
582:
581:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
556:trough zithers
542:
541:
540:
539:
538:
537:
520:
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
498:
497:
496:
495:
494:
493:
476:
475:
474:
473:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:
467:
466:
465:
446:
445:
444:
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
416:
415:
414:
413:
412:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
406:
405:
386:
385:
384:
383:
382:
381:
380:
379:
378:
377:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
351:
350:
349:
330:
329:
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
313:
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
197:
196:
195:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
74:
73:
72:
71:
60:
59:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1501:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1440:Amplification
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1002:
995:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
971:
963:
960:
959:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
938:
935:
934:
932:
931:
929:
927:
922:
913:
910:
907:122.1. Lace (
906:
905:
903:
899:
895:
892:
891:
889:
888:
886:
884:
879:
870:
868:
864:
863:
861:
856:
853:
852:
850:
849:
847:
845:
840:
837:
834:
829:
824:
820:
813:
808:
806:
801:
799:
794:
793:
790:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
756:
752:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
713:
711:
708:
704:
701:
700:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
676:
673:
671:
667:
664:
659:
656:
653:
650:
648:
644:
641:
640:
638:
635:
633:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
612:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
579:
575:
574:
570:
569:
568:
567:
566:
565:
557:
553:
552:
548:
547:
546:
545:
544:
543:
535:
534:board zithers
531:
530:
526:
525:
524:
523:
522:
521:
513:
509:
508:
504:
503:
502:
501:
500:
499:
491:
487:
486:
482:
481:
480:
479:
478:
477:
463:
462:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
453:
452:
451:
450:
449:
448:
447:
435:
431:
430:
426:
425:
424:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
418:
417:
403:
402:
398:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
392:
391:
390:
389:
388:
387:
375:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
363:
362:
361:
360:
359:
358:
357:
347:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
335:
334:
333:
332:
331:
311:
310:
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
294:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
269:
268:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
247:
229:
228:
224:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
193:
192:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
161:
160:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
133:
132:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
109:
108:
104:
103:
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
42:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
1419:Electrophone
1328:413. Plosive
1240:322.2. Frame
1226:321.3.Handle
1146:Stick zither
1068:23. Friction
958:133. Vessel
943:132. Plaque
893:121.1. Clack
764:
760:
732:Aeolian harp
674:
665:
657:
651:
642:
636:
627:
621:
615:
610:
590:musical bows
587:
578:frame zither
571:
549:
527:
512:raft zithers
505:
490:tube zithers
483:
459:
427:
399:
367:
346:stick zither
339:
307:
265:
225:
189:
157:
129:
105:
81:
65:
52:chordophones
45:
40:
34:
30:
28:
26:
1375:Single reed
1369:Double reed
1237:322.1. Open
1175:Heterochord
1141:Musical bow
1112:Chordophone
1088:24. Singing
1052:22. Plucked
1044:212. Shaken
985:142. Plaque
947:Musical saw
937:Nail violin
933:131. Stick
890:121. Frame
698:Musical bow
693:Harpsichord
606:harpsichord
374:musical bow
309:311.121.222
267:311.121.221
88:bar zithers
1180:314. Board
1126:31. Simple
1074:231. Stick
1015:21. Struck
982:141. Stick
904:122. Comb
753:References
688:Clavichord
645:: Using a
227:311.121.22
29:This is a
1401:Chromatic
1306:Free reed
1262:Aerophone
1247:Harp lute
1202:Composite
1172:Idiochord
1094:241. Free
1080:233. Hand
1077:232. Cord
952:Daxophone
898:Guimbarde
828:Idiophone
639:: Bowing
600:like the
596:and some
191:311.121.2
1483:Category
1448:Theremin
1381:Reedpipe
1338:Non-free
1304:412.13.
1276:41. Free
999:Membran-
926:Friction
742:Cymbalum
720:Gayageum
670:Keyboard
632:Plectrum
1395:Natural
1379:422.3.
1373:422.2.
1367:422.1.
1353:421.2.
1220:321.2.
1214:321.1.
1059:Nyatiti
1036:211.3.
1032:Tubular
1030:211.2.
1024:211.1.
896:121.2.
883:Plucked
703:Carimba
594:zithers
461:311.221
401:311.211
159:311.121
1434:Action
1399:423.2
1393:423.1
1355:Fipple
1185:Trough
1130:zither
1001:ophone
867:rattle
844:Struck
781:842168
779:
715:Zither
429:311.22
369:311.21
131:311.12
1389:Brass
1387:423.
1361:422.
1346:Flute
1344:421.
1245:323.
1231:322.
1208:321.
1191:Frame
1189:316.
1183:315.
1166:313.
1158:Whole
1152:312.
1038:Frame
975:Blown
909:Mbira
777:JSTOR
710:Piano
602:piano
341:311.2
107:311.1
1438:52.
1432:51.
1424:list
1363:Reed
1286:Whip
1267:list
1233:Harp
1222:Yoke
1210:Lute
1168:Raft
1161:Half
1154:Tube
1117:list
1026:Bowl
1006:list
973:14.
924:13.
881:12.
842:11.
833:list
737:Koto
682:List
604:and
1336:42.
1260:4.
1216:Bow
1200:32.
997:2.
826:1.
769:doi
647:bow
573:316
551:315
529:314
507:313
485:312
83:311
1485::
1416:5.
1128:/
1109:3.
775:.
765:14
763:.
668::
658:73
652:72
643:71
630::
608:.
592:,
67:31
58:).
54:,
35:31
1426:)
1422:(
1269:)
1265:(
1119:)
1115:(
1008:)
1004:(
911:)
835:)
831:(
811:e
804:t
797:v
783:.
771::
675:9
666:8
637:7
628:6
622:5
616:4
580:)
558:)
536:)
514:)
492:)
436:)
376:)
348:)
90:)
47:3
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.