1661:
1310:
24:
140:. Most did not compete in elections, instead being splinters of previously existing parties. Ethnic and Islamist parties were officially banned after 1909, though Armenian political parties remained legal until 1915. While the Second Constitutional Era basically ended after 1912, new parties were founded during the
1014:
that year. Legalized after the revolution. Compared to its
Hunchak cousins, the party was more willing to work within the Ottoman system to achieve Armenian liberation. Participated in an electoral alliance with the CUP in the 1912 election. Negotiated with the CUP for a
529:, in addition to its decentralist current, most opposition parties merged with it to oppose the CUP. Following the CUP's rigging of the election, there was eventually an Accordist government with the return of Grand Vizier Kâmil Pasha, who was overthrown in a CUP coup in
565:'s assassination meant the CUP took full control over Ottoman politics, effectively suspending the constitution and suppressing all opposition parties. No political parties were founded between 1912 and 1918.
45:
1329:
1080:
1000:
Also known as the
Dashnak Party, it was established in 1890 as a revolutionary socialist Armenian interests party with marginally different ideology from the Hunchaks. Committed itself to terrorism,
1077:. Founded in 1913 as an underground Arab interests party advocating decentralization for Arab lands. It was based in Cairo, though most of its members were in Syria. It was targeted by Cemal Pasha.
1405:
1208:
878:. The political wing of the TKP, led by Salih Hacıoğlu. Founded in 1920, it mostly was active in Anatolia, and was Turkey's first legal communist party. It dissolved itself after
862:
after being founded in 1920. Suphi and its leaders were massacred in a train car the next year. It continued its existence illegally or other wise during the
Republic until 1988.
1007:
1597:
1660:
786:. This was the unified organization of the many regional anti-partition organizations founded in the wake of the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the Great War. Founded in the
1795:
1070:
1827:
1398:
1294:
935:
238:
1670:
1201:
943:
474:
1717:
276:. Though the party was not successful in the election, it managed to form a large parliamentary group by courting dissatisfied CUP MPs as well as Grand Vizier
1135:. However the question of autonomy or independence served to break up the organization, and it was disbanded in 1920. Most of its members participated in the
898:. A faux communist party set up by Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) in 1920 to undermine the influence of TKP. Banned after the uprising of Ethem the Circassian.
96:
1582:
1106:
689:
272:. A successor to the Private Enterprise and Decentralization Association, it served as an organized political party for the decentralists to compete in the
68:
1391:
780:
75:
1707:
1587:
1194:
386:
1414:
870:
82:
1613:
844:
661:
1832:
64:
1712:
1633:
1592:
1577:
1552:
1521:
1372:
1164:
901:
604:
233:
1181:
411:
1354:
766:, though it was opposed to the Kemalists. Hüseyin Hilmi would be arrested in 1922, and the party would be dissolved shortly thereafter.
1702:
908:
892:
1486:
1267:
1116:
993:
963:
540:
466:
115:
1349:
621:
580:
357:
251:, it was the primary opposition to the CUP before and immediately after the revolution. It was succeeded by a political party: the
171:). Originally a secret revolutionary (though imperialist) organization founded in 1889 and later a party by 1909, it organized the
1309:
553:. It was formed in 1912 as a pan-Turkist party that both the CUP and Freedom and Accord opposed, and was closed a few years later.
1602:
1567:
1282:
1255:
969:
603:. This was a continuation of the CUP after it dissolved itself. It briefly held a parliamentary majority but lost power when the
470:
455:
1240:
164:
1722:
1299:
1250:
1171:. Founded after the revolution, it was a cultural association for Circassian Ottomans. It was banned by the Republic in 1923.
921:
597:
266:
252:
89:
49:
558:
530:
212:
1019:
in
Ottoman Armenia. Refused to foment rebellions inside Russia in the lead up to World War I. Banned in the lead up to the
319:
1506:
1024:
865:
824:
799:
795:
728:
676:
641:
526:
273:
208:
188:
703:. Most of its leaders were previously students in Germany during the Great War. It was founded in 1919 and supported the
324:
1628:
1042:
1023:, its leaders were arrested and executed. Surviving members were integrated into the Russian army and administration of
803:
545:
292:
1690:
708:
637:
574:
340:
141:
445:
34:
1800:
1729:
1344:
956:. Founded in 1885, the oldest Armenian political party. Though it did not commit itself to terrorism, it sponsored
335:
1339:
381:
53:
38:
1028:
1010:. Signed a pact with the CUP to overthrow the sultan by all means necessary in 1907. It was also admitted to the
791:
704:
625:
216:
176:
158:
982:
bands. Founded in 1887. Legalized after 1908, though resumed agitation after 1913. Banned in the lead up to the
488:
1245:
610:
519:
513:
502:
449:
421:
400:
313:
1334:
809:
287:
1682:
1324:
1016:
752:
719:
607:
was dissolved and was eventually banned by the government by 5 May 1919 for being a continuation of the CUP.
427:
420:. Formed in 1909, many liberals joined the party following the ban on the Liberty Party. It merged with the
406:
352:
224:
1456:
1034:
763:
714:
1536:
1154:
1150:
1124:
1064:
1056:
987:
633:
172:
137:
696:
640:
served to divide the party until it was again effectively defunct by the end of 1919. It boycotted the
465:
that was founded in 1909. The
Federation claimed that it was not a "nationalist" socialist party, like
616:. With the CUP's liquidation, Freedom and Accord's leaders were rehabilitated. Under its Grand Vizier
1531:
1136:
1096:
1011:
855:
759:
672:
562:
478:
183:
faction before and after the revolution, it espoused centralism and secularism as the way to achieve
859:
758:. Hilmi the Socialist's successor to the Ottoman Socialist Party. This time it was admitted to the
700:
629:
591:
534:
501:. A right-wing splinter of the CUP that was briefly the main opposition party, it merged with the
1048:
1059:. Underground Arab nationalist organization. Played an important role in the development of the
802:
elections. Following the war of independence, it changed its name to "People's Party" and then "
204:
1572:
1444:
617:
375:
371:
281:
248:
814:
787:
482:
434:
256:
1383:
773:. Islamist wing which split off from Freedom and Accord after its collapse in 1919, led by
1695:
1439:
1367:
1272:
1186:
1132:
1002:
978:
958:
949:
841:. Impotent continuation of Freedom and Accord which excluded Mehmed Sadık. Formed in 1920.
587:
309:
129:
879:
732:
200:
976:. Revolutionary Marxist Armenian interests party that committed terrorism and sponsored
1418:
1221:
1128:
1113:. Kurdish interests organization founded in the wake of the revolution. Banned in 1909.
1006:
training, and militancy during the second half of Abdul Hamid II's reign. Attempted to
396:
277:
133:
1821:
1781:
1490:
1466:
1092:
851:
774:
1526:
711:. It would be suppressed upon the declaration of the Republic and dissolved in 1924.
1734:
462:
305:
192:
742:. It was founded by former Unionists as a counterweight to the socialist parties.
632:, and advocated a pro-British alignment to get more lenient peace terms from the
493:
1060:
220:
196:
180:
23:
946:, rival of the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs. Founded in 1909, banned in 1910.
1461:
1088:
1020:
983:
727:. A continuation of the National Constitutional Party, it participated in the
260:
184:
1774:
1757:
823:. This was the parliamentary group formed by nationalist MPs elected in the
1158:
481:
and continued its existence in Greece following
Salonica's capture in the
230:. It was dissolved by its own members in the aftermath of the war in 1918.
1541:
1516:
1451:
1276:
1142:
1100:
1099:
in 1915. The branch was founded in 1906. It was closely aligned with the
367:
907:. Founded in 1922, it was a splinter of TSF, and was represented in the
437:
in 1910. It was banned when the CUP repressed all other parties in 1913.
1790:
1764:
1123:. Founded in 1917 as a secret Kurdish nationalist organization. Led by
668:
1769:
1752:
1511:
1149:. Also known as the Azadî, it was founded in 1921. It fomented the
1127:, it demanded autonomy or independence from the Ottoman Empire per
594:, it was banned on 6 May 1919 for being a continuation of the CUP.
211:, the committee was forced out of government after a coup d'état
1786:
929:
378:, following which the party was banned and Vahdeti was executed.
219:
in 1913. It's pro-German leaders pulled the
Ottoman Empire into
1387:
1190:
1081:
Jewish Social
Democratic Labour Party in Palestine (Poale Zion)
461:. Both a political party and labour organization with roots in
17:
806:". Most members of the organization were previous Unionists.
781:
Anatolia and Rumeli
Defence of National Rights Association
512:. A left-wing splinter of the CUP, it merged with the
349:. A short lived party that was founded in 1909 or 1910.
223:, during which it masterminded genocides targeting the
215:, but it took back control of the government after the
569:
932:. Banned with the law against ethnic parties in 1909.
784:– Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (A–RMHC)
533:, following which the party was suppressed until the
399:'s party. It was founded in 1909 and merged with the
191:, and came under the control of the Activist wing of
575:
Turkish War of Independence § The Armistice Era
433:. An Ottomanist socialist party that was founded by
1745:
1681:
1668:
1611:
1550:
1484:
1477:
1432:
1425:
1317:
1228:
234:
Private Enterprise and Decentralization Association
693:– Türkiye İşçi ve Çiftçi Sosyalist Fırkası (TİÇSF)
1355:League of private Initiative and Decentralization
1071:Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization
65:"List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire"
1067:. Disbanded in 1920 due to the mandate question.
187:. Following the revolution, it handedly won the
304:. It was founded in 1909 by two Old Unionists:
1039:Српска демократска лига у Отоманској царевини.
590:founded in late October 1918 and supported by
245:Teşebbüs-i Şahsi ve Adem-i Merkeziyet Cemiyeti
144:and up until the end of the Ottoman monarchy.
1399:
1202:
1041:Founded in 1908 as the political wing of the
940:Народна федеративна партия (българска секция)
936:People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section)
153:Second Constitutional Era parties (1908–1912)
8:
1107:Kurdish Society for Cooperation and Progress
690:Turkish Workers and Peasants Socialist Party
332:. It was founded in 1908 and closed in 1909.
169:– İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti/Fırkası (İTC/F
839:– Mûtedil Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası (MHİF)
794:and led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha. It won the
280:. It was accused of collaborating with the
52:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1678:
1481:
1429:
1406:
1392:
1384:
1209:
1195:
1187:
926:Съюз на българските конституционни клубове
876:– Türkiye Halk İştirakiyun Fırkası (THİF)
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1828:Political parties in the Ottoman Empire
974:Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն
762:, and led the many workers strikes in
537:, when its leaders were rehabilitated.
374:. It was charged with instigating the
854:. It received support from TİÇSF and
584:– Osmanlı Hürriyetperver Avam Fırkası
320:Committee of Altruists for the Nation
7:
1165:Circassian Union and Charity Society
747:– Osmanlı Çiftçiler Cemiyeti Fırkası
393:İslahat-ı Esasiye-ı Osmaniye Fırkası
50:adding citations to reliable sources
1182:List of political parties in Turkey
1169:Адыгэ Зэготын ыкӀи ЗэдэӀэпыӀэн Хасэ
1157:. and its members later joined the
909:Labour and Socialist International
837:Moderate Freedom and Accord Party
790:, it was the political arm of the
745:Ottoman Farmers Association Party
614:– Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası (HİF)
523:– Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası (HİF)
14:
1598:Ministry of Trade and Agriculture
1268:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1117:Society for the Rise of Kurdistan
1075:الحزب العثماني للامركزية الإدارية
994:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
964:Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
764:Istanbul during Allied occupation
756:– Türkiye Sosyalist Fırkası (TSF)
431:– Osmanlı Sosyalist Fırkası (OSF)
1659:
1308:
986:, its leaders were arrested and
970:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
896:– Türkiye Komünist Fırkası (TKF)
880:Ethem the Circassian's rebellion
866:Turkish People's Communist Party
850:. Marxist-Leninist party led by
848:– Türkiye Komünist Partisi (TKP)
418:Mutedil Hürriyetperveran Fırkası
22:
1522:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
1241:Committee of Union and Progress
1111:Cemiyeta Teawun û Tereqiya Kurd
1055:Formed in the aftermath of the
699:party that was a member of the
477:. It represented Turkey in the
473:, though it held close ties to
165:Committee of Union and Progress
1350:Ottoman Liberal People's Party
1300:Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs
1087:. Ottoman Palestine branch of
1025:occupied territory in Anatolia
1008:assassinate the Sultan in 1905
998:Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն.
942:. Left-wing political wing of
922:Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs
636:. The chaotic politics of the
581:Ottoman Liberal People's Party
1:
1345:Ottoman Committee of Alliance
1256:Socialist Workers' Federation
592:Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk)
541:National Constitutional Party
456:Socialist Workers' Federation
336:Ottoman Committee of Alliance
330:– Fedakâran-ı Millet Cemiyeti
1833:Ottoman Empire-related lists
1043:Serbian Chetnik Organization
1029:Armenian Democratic Republic
905:– Müstakil Sosyalist Fırkası
792:Turkish nationalist movement
769:National Conservative Party
709:Turkey's War of Independence
656:– Selamet-i Osmaniye Fırkası
626:Turkish nationalist movement
459:– Sosyalist İşçi Federasyonu
382:Ottoman Radical Reform Party
347:Heyet-i Müttefika-i Osmaniye
1796:Vassal and tributary states
1583:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1121:Cemîyeta Tealîya Kurdistanê
902:Independent Socialist Party
638:Turkish War of Independence
435:Hüseyin Hilmi the Socialist
364:İttihad-ı Muhammedî Fırkası
1849:
1143:Society of Kurdish Freedom
1095:movement which joined the
885:Turkish Agriculture Party
572:
551:– Millî Meşrutiyet Fırkası
298:– Osmanlı Demokrat Fırkası
156:
1657:
1373:List of political parties
1363:
1306:
1295:People's Federative Party
858:. It was admitted to the
845:Communist Party of Turkey
804:Republican People's Party
771:– Milli Muhafazakâr Fırka
675:. It participated in the
665:– Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası
624:on the Unionists and the
217:Raid on the Sublime Porte
177:Second Constitutional Era
159:Second Constitutional Era
1588:Ministry of the Interior
1335:Ottoman Democratic Party
1277:Democratic Liberal Party
1246:Freedom and Accord Party
1063:and the creation of the
1027:. Founding party of the
810:National Salvation Group
671:and affiliated with the
654:Ottoman Salvation Party
611:Freedom and Accord Party
586:. A CUP splinter led by
525:. Formed to contest the
520:Freedom and Accord Party
514:Freedom and Accord Party
503:Freedom and Accord Party
450:Freedom and Accord Party
422:Freedom and Accord Party
401:Freedom and Accord Party
314:Freedom and Accord Party
288:Ottoman Democratic Party
1619:(constitutional period)
1325:Ottoman Socialist Party
1053:جمعية العربية الفتاة ه.
954:Արմենական Կուսակցութիւն
893:Turkish Communist Party
887:– Türkiye Zürra Fırkası
753:Turkish Socialist Party
740:– Osmanlı Mesai Fırkası
733:Adnan Abdulhak (Adıvar)
682:National Liberty Party
649:– Ahali İktisat Fırkası
647:People's Economy Party
630:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
428:Ottoman Socialist Party
270:– Osmanlı Ahrar Fırkası
1155:Sheikh Said rebellions
1035:Serb Democratic League
407:Moderate Liberty Party
353:Muhammadan Unity Party
312:, and merged with the
284:and dissolved in 1910.
1537:Dragoman of the Porte
1229:Parliamentary parties
1125:Abdulkadir Ubeydullah
1057:Young Turk Revolution
962:. It merged with the
825:1919 general election
738:Ottoman Labour Party
729:1919 general election
684:– Millî Ahrar Fırkası
677:1919 general election
662:Social Democrat Party
642:1919 general election
561:and the aftermath of
527:1912 general election
448:, it merged with the
274:1908 general election
173:Young Turk Revolution
138:Young Turk Revolution
1097:Second International
1012:Second International
928:. Political wing of
856:Ethem the Circassian
760:Second International
725:– Milli Türk Fırkası
679:without any success.
673:Second International
563:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
479:Second International
444:. Formed in 1910 by
207:. After rigging the
179:. The most powerful
132:were founded in the
46:improve this article
1634:Chamber of Deputies
1593:Ministry of Justice
1578:Ministry of Finance
1553:Imperial Government
1147:Civata Azadiya Kurd
860:Third International
715:National Turk Party
701:Third International
605:Chamber of Deputies
535:Armistice of Mudros
1713:Armenian Apostolic
1497:(classical period)
1415:State organisation
1049:Young Arab Society
889:. Founded in 1920.
834:. Founded in 1920.
601:– Teceddüt Fırkası
446:Gümülcineli İsmail
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1641:political parties
1573:Ministry of Evkaf
1445:Ottoman Caliphate
1381:
1380:
1218:Political parties
1137:Koçgiri rebellion
618:Damat Ferid Pasha
588:Ali Fethi (Okyar)
376:31 March Incident
370:party founded by
282:31 March incident
249:Mehmed Sabahaddin
130:political parties
126:
125:
118:
100:
1840:
1708:Eastern Orthodox
1679:
1663:
1644:
1621:
1614:General Assembly
1560:
1499:
1487:Imperial Council
1482:
1448:
1430:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1312:
1289:Ethnic Bulgarian
1283:Hunchakian Party
1211:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1065:Kingdom of Syria
1045:. Banned in 1909
874:
818:
788:Erzurum Congress
749:. Formed in 1919
723:
697:Marxist–Leninist
686:. Formed in 1919
667:. The party was
658:. Formed in 1918
651:. Formed in 1918
559:1913 coup d'état
549:
510:– Hizb-i Terakki
497:
483:First Balkan War
415:
390:
361:
344:
328:
296:
257:decentralization
242:
189:election of 1908
175:which began the
121:
114:
110:
107:
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99:
58:
26:
18:
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1847:
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1723:Coptic Orthodox
1718:Syriac Orthodox
1696:Sheikh ul-Islam
1675:
1672:
1664:
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1638:
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1616:
1607:
1603:Ministry of War
1568:Cadastre Bureau
1561:
1558:(reform period)
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1555:
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1500:
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1494:
1473:
1442:
1440:Ottoman dynasty
1421:
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1377:
1368:Portal:Politics
1359:
1313:
1304:
1273:Armenakan Party
1262:Ethnic Armenian
1224:
1215:
1178:
1133:Fourteen Points
950:Armenakan Party
918:
868:
832:– Amele Fırkası
812:
735:was elected MP.
717:
577:
571:
543:
508:Progress Party
491:
442:– Ahali Fırkası
440:People's Party
409:
384:
372:Dervish Vahdeti
355:
338:
322:
310:Abdullah Cevdet
290:
236:
205:Bahaeddin Şakir
161:
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111:
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57:
43:
27:
12:
11:
5:
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1784:
1782:Mutasarrifates
1779:
1778:
1777:
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1671:Administrative
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1532:Reis ül-Küttab
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1501:
1485:
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1467:Palace Schools
1459:
1457:Imperial Harem
1454:
1449:
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1434:
1433:House of Osman
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1426:Central system
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1419:Ottoman Empire
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1410:
1403:
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1222:Ottoman Empire
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1206:
1199:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1140:
1129:Woodrow Wilson
1114:
1104:
1093:Labour Zionist
1078:
1068:
1051:or Al-Fatat –
1046:
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1340:Peoples Party
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1251:Renewal Party
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830:Labour Party
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267:Liberty Party
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209:1912 election
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106:February 2016
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67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
47:
41:
40:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1735:Hakham Bashi
1703:Christianity
1640:
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1507:Grand Vizier
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622:cracked down
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306:Ibrahim Temo
302:Fırka-i İbad
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297:
269:
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201:Mehmed Nazım
197:İsmail Enver
193:Mehmed Talat
168:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
44:Please help
32:
15:
1151:Beytüşşebab
1061:Arab Revolt
869: [
813: [
718: [
544: [
492: [
410: [
397:Şerif Pasha
385: [
356: [
339: [
323: [
291: [
278:Kâmil Pasha
259:to achieve
237: [
221:World War I
213:that summer
1822:Categories
1775:Sanjakbeys
1758:Beylerbeys
1746:Provincial
1478:Government
1330:Poale Zion
1089:Poale Zion
1085:פועלי ציון
1021:Tehcir law
984:Tehcir law
573:See also:
261:Ottomanism
225:Christian
185:Ottomanism
181:Young Turk
157:See also:
136:after the
76:newspapers
1673:divisions
1517:Kazaskers
705:Kemalists
489:New Party
247:. Led by
33:does not
1791:Kadiluks
1765:Vilayets
1452:Seraglio
1176:See also
1101:Hashomer
988:executed
966:in 1921.
516:in 1911.
505:in 1911.
471:Hunchaks
467:Dashnaks
463:Salonica
452:in 1911.
424:in 1911.
403:in 1913.
368:Islamist
316:in 1911.
1770:Sanjaks
1753:Eyalets
1730:Judaism
1683:Millets
1527:Nişancı
1512:Viziers
1462:Enderûn
1417:of the
1235:Ottoman
1220:in the
669:Marxist
628:led by
227:Millets
148:Parties
90:scholar
54:removed
39:sources
1629:Senate
1159:Xoybûn
1003:fedayi
979:fedayi
959:fedayi
634:Allies
308:, and
203:, and
167:(CUP)
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1801:Rayas
1787:Kazas
1691:Islam
1542:Birûn
1491:Porte
873:]
817:]
722:]
548:]
496:]
414:]
389:]
360:]
343:]
327:]
295:]
241:]
128:Many
97:JSTOR
83:books
1153:and
1091:, a
944:IMRO
930:IMRO
800:1920
798:and
796:1919
731:and
557:The
531:1913
475:IMRO
469:and
69:news
37:any
35:cite
1131:'s
707:in
300:or
48:by
1824::
1167:–
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871:tr
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239:tr
199:,
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1789:/
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113:(
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104:(
94:·
87:·
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56:.
42:.
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