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192:(Vulpes lagopus). The red fox was initially farmed in 1895 in Prince Edward Island in an attempt to boost the number of silver fox (melanistic fox) pelts which were the most coveted at the time. As well as silver and red foxes, farms were also able to breed other natural morphs such as cross (partially melanistic) and albino fox pelts. As time progressed farmers started to produce foxes of various colors such as marble (white with a different colored stripe down the back), platinum (light silver with white face and neck marking), and amber (a light brown). Farmed red foxes express a wide variety of colors, longer fur, thicker neck ruffs, and are significantly larger than wild foxes.
169:, while cross foxes are mostly used for scarves and very rarely trimming. The number of sold fox scarves exceeds the total number of scarves made from other furbearers. However, this amount is overshadowed by the total number of fox pelts used for trimming purposes. The silver morphs are the most valued by furriers, followed by the cross and red morphs respectively. In the early 20th century, over 1,000 American fox skins were imported to Britain annually, while 500,000 were exported annually from Germany and Russia. The total worldwide trade of wild red foxes in 1985–86 was 1,543,995 pelts. Foxes amounted to 45% of US wild-caught pelts worth $ 50 million.
177:
312:
479:
592:
633:. The quality of wolf peltries rests on the density and strength of the fur fiber, which keeps the fur upright and gives the pelt an appealing bushy aspect. These characteristics are mostly found in northern wolf populations, but gradually lessen further south in warmer climates. North American wolf pelts are among the most valuable, as they are silkier and fluffier than Eurasian peltries. The pelts of wolves killed by poison are mostly worthless.
238:
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201:
212:) is currently the most popular of all the farmed fox species, particularly the blue fox (white with grey tips) and the shadow blue fox (all white). The overwhelming popularity of this fox has to do with the size of the production of arctic fox pelts and the dyeable nature of the color lead it to being a very accessible fur for designers and furriers to work with.
173:
exception, as they have extremely coarse pelts that rarely exceed a third of the price of their northern
Alaskan cousins. Most European peltries have very coarse textured fur compared to North American varieties. The only exceptions are the Nordic and Far Eastern Russian peltries, but they are still inferior to North American peltries in terms of silkiness.
126:
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867:
539:, a species of marten, is primarily found in Russia through the Ural Mountains of Siberia. Their fur is soft and silkier than American martens and is mostly used for jackets, scarfs, and hats and gloves. Crown sable (also known as Russian or Imperial sable) was the finest and most expensive quality of sable.
570:
can be as expensive as exotic furs for their unique patterning and short hair. Persian lamb is also popular, as well as lamb with tight curls. Most lambs made into fur were slaughtered for their meat or due to illness, not to make fur garments. This makes lamb a more ethical choice for people who are
542:
Sables have been a status symbol throughout history, with the
Russian nobility coveting their skins. Russia still controls the world's sable supply with auctions for their furs in the region still demanding high prices. Although sables are farmed for their furs, breeding them is incredibly difficult,
302:
The most expensive type of lynx fur is produced with only the white underbellies of the animals creating a pure white coat with dramatic black spots. The underbellies are very small, leading to the coats being difficult to make. The backs of most lynx have little to no spots, instead characterized by
111:
fur varies from grayish brown to nearly black. The fur measures about two and one-half inches in length. It is used mainly for muffs and neck, shoulder pieces. The trapping of fishers is restricted in many States leading to it becoming a more uncommon type of fur in comparison to the mink. Fisher fur
85:
Sheared beaver is slightly less durable, with an Austin score of 85/100, but has a velvet-like texture and is very plush. The process of shearing involves shearing the pelt to make it shorter and then plucking all the guard hairs to reveal only the soft underfur beneath, this underwool is what beaver
48:
fur is one of the most expensive and luxurious of all fur types. Each follicle on a chinchilla's body produces 60 hairs, making the fur the densest of any land-dwelling mammal. The most common coloration for chinchillas is a medium grey body, black dorsal stripe, and white underbelly but other colors
729:
eat their way through an estimated 20,000 tonnes of greenery each night. They are legally considered a pest. Since the mid-1990s, New
Zealand manufacturers have been developing techniques to spin the hollow possum fur fibres with other yarns, such as merino wool and silk, creating a unique fabric of
454:
are the most sought after rabbit pelts. Rex rabbits have a rare gene that causes them to have no guard hairs, only soft underfur. This makes all the fur on the pelt of equal length and incredibly soft to the touch. While the pelts of regular rabbits are often used in utilitarian garments for warmth,
397:
fur is about an inch long, erect, and thick. It is durable, ranking with mink fur, and is used chiefly for trimming garments. Otter fur is typically used in men's fashion as it has a dark brown, rugged look. River otters are currently the most common species currently used in the fur trade after the
385:
fur is traditionally sheared, dyed and plucked. Its light weight makes it suitable for linings as well as coats, accessories and trims. Sometimes is now used without shearing or plucking, with the most valuable furs being in the richer browns. It is sometimes promoted as a 'guilt-free' fur, as it is
514:
Finnraccoon is characterized by its caramel-brown fur, grey underfur, and black tipped guard hairs often with the tip of the shaft featuring a speck of white. Although this orangish brown color is the most common, finnraccoon also naturally comes in dark brown, natural white, cream with light brown
366:
Up until the invention of the fur sewing machine, mink fur was unpopular. Wild mink are small mammals, males weighing 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz), making them difficult to work into a full garment. Once the fur sewing machine and fur farming became popular it was possible to breed farmed minks to be
219:
Some unethical fur farmers breed their blue foxes to be too large, overfeeding or inbreeding them into unhealthy sizes to make the pelts larger. Although WelFur program is implementing procedures to stop this practice in the
European Union, this practice has yet to be regulated in the United States
724:
in Maori) was introduced to New
Zealand in 1837, where unlike Australia, there are no natural predators. This has resulted in an enormous wild population, approximately 70 million, that has a catastrophic effect on natural vegetation. Not to be confused with the North American opossum, a different
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fur is of medium length, erect, and possesses a sheen. However, protracted use causes it to fade from a glistening black to a dull reddish brown. Before the mid-20th century, skunk fur was also described and marketed as "Alaska sable". Skunk fur farming was documented in the United States and the
257:
are considered furbearers, albeit ones of low quality due to their sparse, coarse and monotonously colored fur. Asiatic and Near
Eastern jackals produce the coarsest pelts, though this can be remedied during the dressing process. As jackal hairs have very little fur fiber, their skins have a flat
81:
fur has long been used in making muffs, stoles, collars, trimmings, and felt for hats. The
American beaver scores a 90/100 on the Austin Fur Durability chart making it practical for utilitarian items such as linings. In the 21st century beaver is considered a premium fur and is often seen as very
262:
in northern Iran. Jackals are known to have been hunted for their fur in the 19th century: in the 1880s, 200 jackals were captured annually in Mervsk. In the
Zakatal area of the Trans-Caucasus, 300 jackals were captured in 1896. During that period, a total of 10,000 jackals had been taken within
228:
Hybrid foxes, made by artificially inseminating a female arctic fox with the zygotes of a male red fox, are larger than either of their parent species and are born infertile. It's unknown if these foxes suffer from any negative health side-affects as they're not kept longer than pelting season.
172:
North
American red foxes, particularly those of northern Alaska, are the most valued for their fur, as they have guard hairs of a very silky texture that, after dressing, provide less restricted mobility to the wearer. Red foxes in southern Alaska's coastal areas and the Aleutian Islands are an
442:
In temperate climates, the highest-quality furs are obtained in winter from rabbits over five months old, when the thickness of the fur is even; at other times of year, varying degrees of hair shedding causes uneven patches in the fur. The coat is also at its thickest at this time of year. The
362:
fur is the most popular fur traded worldwide. Its fur is durable, and the hairs are rather short, but very thick and soft. The guard hairs do not break readily, and the underfur does not tend to become matted. Sunlight gradually fades its original dark brown color a warmer tone, making it less
215:
Fur farming of blue foxes started as early as the 18th century with
Russian fur traders transplanting blue foxes onto islands which previously had no foxes. These transplanted foxes would be caught during pelting season, with the best foxes released back onto the island to breed and the others
65:
is dense and durable, available in a wide range of colors and qualities depending on the subspecies of coyote the fur was harvested from. Primarily seen as a pest animal, coyotes are not often utilized for their fur, although they are perfect for practical garments. The long guard hairs, often
52:
Indigenous to South America, chinchilla fur became first became popular in the 19th century in Western countries where the unregulated hunting of wild chinchillas quickly led to their becoming an endangered species in their native range. In 1923 chinchillas were brought to the United States of
696:
being the largest importers. Overall, the harvesting of wolves for their fur has little impact on their population, as only the northern varieties (whose numbers are stable) are of commercial value. Wolf trapping for fur remains a lucrative source of income for many Native Americans.
263:
Russia, and were sent exclusively to the Nizhegorod fair. In the early 1930s, 20–25 thousand jackal skins were tanned annually in the Soviet Union, though the stocks were significantly underused, as over triple that amount could have been produced. Before 1949 and the onset of the
267:, the majority of jackal skins were exported to the US. Despite their geographical variations, jackal skins are not graded according to a fur standard, and are typically used in the manufacture of cheap collars, women's coats and fur coats. Jackal fur is still valued by the
37:
518:
Due to the finnraccoons' omivourous diet and adaptable nature, they're illegal to import live into the United States so can only be farmed in Asia and Europe. Escaped finnraccoon are a highly invasive species in Europe and have been spotted in urban areas.
563:, is a by-product of the meat and wool industry and is considered the most common type of fur and one of the most affordable. Not only is shearling incredibly durable, but is also affordable due to the production of sheep for other products.
229:
Golden Island Foxes are the offspring of a female white artic fox and a common male red fox, they are the most popular type of hybrid fox. Other popular types of hybrid fox, often called 'frost fox' are blue frost and arctic marble frosts.
458:
Rabbit is the least durable of all furs, scoring 5/100 on the Austin chart of durability. Rabbit is also the cheapest of all fur. If a rabbit fur garment is shedding fur this means that it is dry rotted and can no longer be repaired.
333:
The stone martens that are the most valuable have a bluish cast to the fur with the underfur being lighter, and were popular in the 50's with stone marten stoles, typically made of three to five pelts, being features in shows such as
511:. While often called "raccoon fur", the raccoon dog, or tanuki, is actually a type of canine and is far more common in the fur trade as compared with North American raccoons. Finnraccoon fur is used for whole garments or hood trims.
515:
tips, and even a 'marble' variety. Brightly dyed Finnraccoon is increasingly popular to make parka trims. The furs of a finnraccoon are longer than that of red foxes, making them the longest furred animals of the farmed furbearers.
494:
fur is mottled gray in color and about two and one-half inches long on animals from northern United States. In the southern United States the fur is shorter. Raccoon fur reached a heyday in the United States during the 1920s, when
303:
their cream and light grey coloration. Often mistaken for fox, lynx fur can be very long and silky, but is less durable then fox. The pelts of bobcats feature shorter fur but often have darker markings.
2107:"Wolf and coyote trapping; an up-to-date wolf hunter's guide, giving the most successful methods of experienced "wolfers" for hunting and trapping these animals, also gives their habits in detail"
340:
Martens are desirable due to their mid-length fur and the durability of the hair follicles. The pelt of a marten possesses an oily texture similar to mink, but a longer silky hair such as a fox.
439:
a year in France alone. However, the quality of fur from these rabbits tends to be low, as the rabbits are slaughtered before reaching twelve weeks old and still have the infant coat.
730:
incomparable quality, warmth and durability. Amongst the top three warmest furs in the world, along with the Polar bear and Arctic fox, possum fur has become a viable eco-fur.
416:
184:
The greatest source of fox pelts is from fur farms located in Scandinavia, Canada, the United States, Russia, and China. The two most commonly farmed species of fox are the
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United Kingdom as skunks are docile and resilient against predators but suffered from a lack of demand due to the unpopular associations between skunk and their spray.
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sports a reddish brown coat and an orange-tinted throat, but their numbers in the wild were depleted until after the turn of the century. Their European cousin the
322:, the American equivalent of the sable, have a fur length of about one and one-half inches long. The color varies from pale grey to orange-brown and dark brown.
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harvested for their pelts. This rudimentary fur farming became increasingly popular and eventually led to the incredibly large number blue fox pelts seen today.
53:
America to be bred for their fur as the hunting of wild chinchillas became illegal; these were the antecedents of all chinchillas used in the fur trade today.
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is a luxurious type of fur renowned for its silky, plush fur and the striking spots on its pelt. The three most common types of lynx in the fur trade are the
2262:
717:
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Finnraccoon (Asiaric raccoon dog) fur skins on display. Although often confused with the American raccoon, finnraccoons are a separate species.
1937:
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1357:
1118:
527:
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is preferred to be combed and knitted due to its length, caused by an unusually long growth phase in the hair cycle, the consequence of a
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assisted in transforming the wearers into werewolves. Several Native American tribes used wolf pelts for medicinal purposes, though some
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2221:
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Blue fox jacket. A color morph of the Arctic fox, blue fox can range from white with light grey tips all the way to a deep grey color.
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2158:
2123:
2083:
1961:
1822:
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fur is commonly considered a byproduct of the process of breeding rabbits for meat, and as such is produced in large quantities in
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Europe, pelts were considered the only practical aspect of wolves, though they were seldom used, due to the skin's foul odour. In
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2134:
100:
Faux fur or fake fur is a material made of synthetic fibers designed to resemble fur, normally as part of a piece of clothing.
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1384:
825:
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1207:
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Finnraccoon (also called tanuki, finncoon, fincoon, Finnish raccoon, racoon dog, or just raccoon) is the fur of the
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became fashionable among college students to stay warm while traveling in automobiles and attending football games.
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felt is made out of. The under fur of a beaver is incredibly dense to keep the animal warm in freezing waters.
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Colors of farmed foxes. Top (left to right) - platinum, cross, standard red. Bottom - marble, pale red, smoky.
706:
311:
28:. Each type of fur serves its own purpose and has its own unique characteristics in garment manufacturing.
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2214:
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710:
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tribes favour dog skin over wolf skin, as the latter is thinner, and more prone to tearing when sewn. The
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significantly larger and to use a method called "letting out" to make the mink pelt almost twice as long.
2065:
Bachrach, Max (1953). "Fur: a practical treatise" (Document). New York : Prentice-Hall, 3rd edition.
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1734:
885:"Principles and Practice of Fur Dressing and Fur Dyeing, by William E. Austin—A Project Gutenberg eBook"
641:
1258:"[Crossing blue fox (Alopex lagopus) to red fox (Vulpes vulpes) using artificial insemination]"
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2257:
789:
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250:
176:
1861:
478:
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2782:
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coats and fur garments, including evening wraps. The pelts of silver-morph foxes are popular as
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Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears)
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3321:
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1957:
1933:
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299:. Due to CITES regulations, special permits are required to trap, sell, and own lynx furs.
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676:, between 1976 and 1988, 30,000 wolf pelts were produced annually. Recent statistics from
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Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs – 2004 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
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142:
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327:
25:
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indicate that 6,000–7,000 wolf skins are internationally traded each year, with
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665:
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Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution
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908:
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is more durable and water resistant than other types of fur such as fox.
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70:, are dark and long making them suited for parka ruffs similar to wolf.
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4000:
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Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; MacDonald, David W. (2004),
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78:
62:
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1862:"Fur Farming for Profit, with Especial Reference to Skunk Raising"
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447:, and typically constitute less than half of all pelts collected.
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35:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
870:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
778:"Effect of ancient Inuit fur parka ruffs on facial heat transfer"
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rex rabbits are made into higher grade garments and accessories.
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are among the most important furbearing animals harvested by the
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913:. David W. Macdonald. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 2001.
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such as mosaic (white and grey), and all white are also common.
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1617:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Lebas, F.; Coudert, P.; Rouvier, R.; de Rochambeau, H. (1986).
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wore wolf skins as capes when exploring enemy territories. The
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along the Caspian shoreline, as it is lighter and warmer than
21:
1687:
The Mode in Furs: A Historical Survey with 680 Illustrations
2199:
1135:"Fox farming: facts, figures, statistics | Truth About Fur"
713:
in south-eastern Australia prior to European colonization.
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of women's garments, though they are occasionally used for
571:
opposed to the killing of animals strictly for their fur.
1208:"Hugely overweight foxes revealed on Finnish fur farms"
1476:"The rise and fall of the real fur industry in the US"
470:. Angora rabbit pelts are typically hard to come by.
776:
Cotel, Aj; Golingo, R; Oakes, Je; Riewe, Rr (2004).
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1113:. Fairbanks: University of Alaska. pp. 16–19.
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2036:"Fur Explainer: Possum & Opossum • We Are Fur"
1984:
1540:"letting-out process | fur industry | Britannica"
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1441:
1352:. Science Publishers, Inc. USA. pp. 160–61.
1233:"Fur Farms | WelFur Farm Certification in Europe"
386:considered a pest in the southern United States.
161:. They are principally used as trimming for both
1056:"The Fur Trade: The Journey from Trap to Market"
44:Characterized by their dense, velvety texture,
826:"Why are Parka Ruffs Made with Wolverine Fur?"
2215:
1795:. Elliott, Thomes & Talbot: 492–493. 1866
1760:"Everything You Need to Know About Sable Fur"
1615:"The rabbit husbandry, health and production"
315:Historical Marten Fur Muff, England 1900-1910
40:Chinchilla fur garments on display in Ushuaia
8:
1498:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1474:Miller, Anneke Ball, Noah Lewis, Mark Adam.
1043:Sillero-Zubiri, Hoffman & MacDonald 2004
355:in a sapphire mink coat before a performance
330:is a paler beige color with a cream throat.
2151:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation
2008:
1515:American Fox and Fur Farmer (August 1921),
543:meaning many are still hunted in the wild.
420:Men's vest and hat made from rex rabbit fur
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2927:
2222:
2208:
2200:
2137:Mamallian Species No. 37, pp. 1–6, 5 figs.
1930:Blood sport: hunting in Britain since 1066
1184:"What fur is this? Our guide to fur types"
20:describes the characteristics of types of
2070:Coppinger, Ray; Coppinger, Lorna (2001).
1735:"Invasive Alien species - The Racoon Dog"
1511:
1509:
1341:
1339:
960:"Fur Types in Brief | Fur Commission USA"
801:
2109:. Columbus, Ohio, A. R. Harding pub. co.
1889:
1563:Grossman, Anna Jane (17 November 2010).
1372:
1093:
1081:
1006:
994:
982:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
684:, the former Soviet Union, Mongolia and
664:during the later stages of WWII and the
245:Although no longer popular globally, in
2149:Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi (2003).
2144:. The American Society of Mammologists.
1915:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1883:
1881:
744:
566:The furs of some types of lamb such as
443:highest quality pelts are suitable for
258:appearance. The softest furs come from
1837:"Skunk Fur, Why Have We Forsaken You?"
1565:"Is their pest your clean conscience?"
1491:
1346:Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1998).
978:
976:
934:
668:to protect the faces of soldiers from
1996:
1972:
1956:(1979) p. 121, Paddington Press Ltd.
1932:. Yale University Press. p. 65.
1104:
1102:
688:being the largest exporters, and the
7:
1904:
1030:
1018:
954:
952:
4223:Global trade of secondhand clothing
2177:, IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group,
1860:Laymon, Hermon Basil (1913-12-02).
283:The third most expensive fur, the
14:
1397:"What is the Most Expensive Fur?"
503:Finnraccoon (Asiatic raccoon dog)
4259:
1520:
865:
2153:. University of Chicago Press.
2118:. J. M. Dent and Sons Limited.
2105:Harding, Arthur Robert (1909).
1182:Kotipelto, Tytti (2021-12-13).
555:and lamb, often referred to as
1985:Coppinger & Coppinger 2001
1825:(2004 reprint of 1921 edition)
188:(Vulpes vulpes fulva) and the
1:
2133:Mech, L. David (2 May 1974).
1109:Crawford Itso, Sarah (2012).
605:pelts are primarily used for
1296:"Hybrid Fox Color Mutations"
1159:"Arctic Fox Color Mutations"
435:; more than seventy million
133:Because of their abundance,
1739:European Wilderness Society
1594:www.montereybayaquarium.org
910:The encyclopedia of mammals
858:American Fox and Fur Farmer
718:Australian brushtail possum
701:Australian brushtail possum
208:The fur of the arctic fox (
141:. Their pelts are used for
4308:
4233:List of individual dresses
2100:. Longmans, Green, and Co.
1835:Ward, Simon (2015-12-15).
1685:Wilcox, R. Turner (2010).
1385:Animals of the Caspian Sea
409:
374:
93:
4256:
3303:
2237:
1789:Ballou's Monthly Magazine
1262:Nordisk Veterinaermedicin
1256:Nyberg, K. (March 1980).
531:Bargusin sable-fur jacket
402:was declared endangered.
249:and other nations of the
82:attractive to designers.
2114:Lopez, Barry H. (1978).
1815:The Fur Trade of America
324:The American pine marten
2009:Mech & Boitani 2003
1689:. Courier Corporation.
1111:The Fur Farms of Alaska
752:Lawrence (2022-11-14).
709:were used as cloaks by
707:common brushtail possum
474:Raccoon and finnraccoon
4238:Reconstructed clothing
1928:Griffin, Emma (2007).
941:: CS1 maint: others (
599:
532:
483:
421:
363:attractive with time.
356:
316:
242:
205:
181:
130:
41:
4290:Fashion-related lists
1954:The Werewolf Delusion
1139:www.truthaboutfur.com
642:Scandinavian folklore
594:
530:
481:
419:
410:Further information:
351:
314:
240:
203:
196:Arctic fox (blue fox)
179:
128:
39:
4179:Environmental impact
2094:Dale, Thomas Francis
1637:"Rex fur production"
1449:"Fur types in brief"
754:"Chinchilla History"
18:list of types of fur
4266:Clothing portal
2022:"Possum skin cloak"
1422:"Lynx lynx | CITES"
794:2004ClRes..26...77C
660:used wolf skin for
509:Asiatic raccoon dog
251:former Soviet Union
1999:, pp. 111–112
1544:www.britannica.com
830:Thats Life Science
658:United States Army
600:
533:
484:
422:
357:
317:
243:
241:Golden jackal pelt
206:
182:
131:
129:Wild red fox skins
42:
4272:
4271:
4243:Right to clothing
4167:Halloween costume
4135:
4134:
4110:black lounge suit
3710:
3709:
3510:
3509:
3284:
3283:
3063:
3062:
2116:Of Wolves and Men
1939:978-0-300-11628-1
1892:, pp. 205–13
1866:Gutenburg Library
1764:MARC KAUFMAN FURS
1696:978-0-486-47872-2
1665:Highland Rabbitry
1453:furcommission.com
1359:978-1-886106-81-9
1320:"Frost Fox Pelts"
1300:Living with Foxes
1212:Fur Free Alliance
1163:Living with Foxes
1120:978-1-60223-171-9
1084:, pp. 231–32
985:, pp. 229–30
889:www.gutenberg.org
711:Aboriginal people
547:Sheep (Shearling)
4297:
4264:
4263:
4248:Vintage clothing
4076:
4021:Pocket protector
3305:
3301:
3261:Bodysuit, infant
3152:
2933:formal, informal
2928:
2768:Ceremonial dress
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:, archived from
2176:
2164:
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2143:
2129:
2110:
2101:
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2077:
2066:
2051:
2050:
2048:
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2032:
2026:
2025:
2024:. 13 April 2021.
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1480:Business Insider
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1455:. Fur Commission
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1403:. 16 August 2021
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1188:Choose Saga Furs
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803:10.3354/cr026077
782:Climate Research
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
749:
705:The skin of the
487:American raccoon
462:The hair of the
186:American red fox
4307:
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4299:
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4295:
4294:
4275:
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4252:
4194:made-to-measure
4147:Clothing fetish
4131:
4065:
3937:
3894:
3836:
3812:Square leg suit
3758:
3734:Blanket sleeper
3706:
3697:Sleeved blanket
3506:
3429:
3294:
3292:
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3256:Bodysuit, adult
3244:
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3144:
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2394:Clerical collar
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1843:
1841:Truth About Fur
1834:
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1813:Laut, Agnes C.
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1237:www.furmark.com
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353:Aretha Franklin
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4174:Cross-dressing
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3266:Long underwear
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3193:Training pants
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2159:
2146:
2135:"Canis lupus,
2130:
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2111:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2027:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1952:Woodward, Ian
1945:
1938:
1920:
1908:
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1877:
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1827:
1806:
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1726:
1702:
1695:
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1628:
1605:
1581:
1569:New York Times
1555:
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588:
585:
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521:
504:
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488:
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468:recessive gene
407:
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375:Main article:
372:
369:
345:
342:
308:
305:
280:
277:
255:golden jackals
234:
231:
225:
222:
210:Vulpes lagopus
197:
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122:
119:
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114:
105:
102:
94:Main article:
91:
88:
75:
72:
66:confused with
58:
55:
33:
30:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4199:ready-to-wear
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:haute couture
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:creature suit
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:Clothing swap
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
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4103:
4099:
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4094:
4093:morning dress
4091:
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3999:
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3717:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3698:
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3690:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3680:dressing gown
3678:
3676:
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3671:
3668:
3666:
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3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
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3306:
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3299:
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3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
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3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Plastic pants
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
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3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Princess line
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Bouffant gown
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:Formal, semi-
2929:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
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2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Pedal pushers
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
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2631:
2629:
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2624:
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2509:
2507:
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2317:
2315:
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2303:
2300:
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2256:
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2241:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2194:on 2011-05-19
2190:
2186:
2184:2-8317-0786-2
2180:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2160:0-226-51696-2
2156:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2125:0-7432-4936-4
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2085:0-684-85530-5
2081:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2011:, p. 329
2010:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1975:, p. 105
1974:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:0-448-23170-0
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1918:, p. 108
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:Bachrach 1953
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:9780766196162
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1711:"Finnraccoon"
1706:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1661:"Rex Rabbits"
1656:
1653:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:public domain
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1375:, p. 216
1374:
1373:Bachrach 1953
1369:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1325:
1324:FashionFinFur
1321:
1315:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
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1271:
1267:
1263:
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1234:
1228:
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1213:
1209:
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1200:
1189:
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1160:
1154:
1151:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:, p. 235
1095:
1094:Bachrach 1953
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:Bachrach 1953
1078:
1075:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1045:, p. 134
1044:
1039:
1036:
1033:, p. 204
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:, p. 207
1020:
1015:
1012:
1009:, p. 252
1008:
1007:Bachrach 1953
1003:
1000:
997:, p. 246
996:
995:Bachrach 1953
991:
988:
984:
983:Bachrach 1953
979:
977:
973:
961:
955:
953:
949:
944:
938:
930:
926:
922:
920:0-7607-1969-1
916:
912:
911:
904:
901:
890:
886:
880:
877:
873:
872:public domain
863:
859:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
842:
831:
827:
821:
818:
813:
809:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
769:
755:
748:
745:
738:
733:
731:
728:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
700:
698:
695:
694:Great Britain
691:
690:United States
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
593:
586:
584:
581:
574:
572:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
546:
544:
540:
538:
529:
522:
520:
516:
512:
510:
502:
500:
498:
497:raccoon coats
493:
486:
480:
473:
471:
469:
465:
464:Angora rabbit
460:
456:
453:
448:
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
413:
405:
403:
401:
396:
389:
387:
384:
378:
370:
368:
364:
361:
354:
350:
343:
341:
338:
337:
331:
329:
325:
321:
313:
306:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:Canadian lynx
286:
278:
276:
274:
270:
269:Kazakh people
266:
261:
256:
252:
248:
239:
233:Golden jackal
232:
230:
223:
221:
217:
213:
211:
202:
195:
193:
191:
187:
178:
174:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
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148:
144:
140:
136:
127:
120:
115:
113:
110:
103:
101:
97:
89:
87:
83:
80:
73:
71:
69:
64:
56:
54:
50:
47:
38:
31:
29:
27:
23:
19:
4210:
4206:Fur clothing
4026:Pocket watch
3347:British Warm
3322:Chesterfield
3233:boxer shorts
3228:boxer briefs
2960:little black
2613:Bell-bottoms
2583:sweater vest
2189:the original
2170:
2150:
2136:
2115:
2078:. Scribner.
2073:
2058:Bibliography
2044:. Retrieved
2042:. 2017-08-15
2039:
2030:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1987:, p. 55
1980:
1968:
1953:
1948:
1929:
1923:
1916:Harding 1909
1911:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:
1830:
1814:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1792:
1788:
1779:
1768:. Retrieved
1766:. 2021-04-14
1763:
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1741:. 2019-05-10
1738:
1729:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1686:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1667:. 2022-11-19
1664:
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1641:www.cabi.org
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1380:
1368:
1348:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:
1290:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1214:. 2017-08-19
1211:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1177:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1110:
1089:
1077:
1067:10 September
1065:. Retrieved
1061:Outdoor Life
1059:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
964:. Retrieved
962:. 2016-01-25
909:
903:
892:. Retrieved
888:
879:
857:
833:. Retrieved
829:
820:
785:
781:
771:
760:. Retrieved
747:
726:
725:animal, the
721:
715:
704:
674:Soviet Union
644:, wolf-skin
635:
601:
578:
568:Karakul lamb
565:
550:
541:
534:
517:
513:
506:
490:
461:
457:
449:
441:
423:
393:
380:
365:
358:
339:
336:I Love Lucy.
335:
332:
328:stone marten
318:
301:
297:Russian lynx
282:
244:
227:
218:
214:
209:
207:
183:
171:
132:
107:
99:
84:
77:
60:
51:
43:
26:fur clothing
17:
15:
4105:Semi-formal
4071:Dress codes
3961:Boutonnière
3943:Accessories
3822:Swim diaper
3817:Swim briefs
3782:Boardshorts
3702:Windbreaker
3463:Suit jacket
3458:Mess jacket
3352:Guards Coat
3271:See-through
3035:Romper suit
2409:Neck gaiter
2404:Neckerchief
2258:Terminology
1799:14 February
1590:"Sea Otter"
1401:Fur Caravan
551:The fur of
452:rex rabbits
450:The fur of
412:Rabbit hair
381:Nutria, or
220:and China.
68:finnraccoon
61:The fur of
4279:Categories
4046:Suspenders
4041:Sunglasses
3976:Cummerbund
3966:Coin purse
3870:Flip-flops
3865:Dress shoe
3860:Dress boot
3855:Court shoe
3802:Rash guard
3749:Nightshirt
3623:Harrington
3581:pellegrina
3441:Frock coat
3434:Suit coats
3423:Mackintosh
3364:Over-frock
3223:Underpants
3172:Undershirt
3045:Shirtdress
2886:boilersuit
2783:diplomatic
2745:Yoga pants
2735:Sweatpants
2648:High water
2643:Go-to-hell
2536:sleeveless
2489:halterneck
2479:cache-cœur
2399:Lavallière
2253:Technology
2046:2022-11-19
2040:We Are Fur
1997:Lopez 1978
1973:Lopez 1978
1871:2022-11-19
1846:2022-11-19
1817:, p. 43.
1770:2022-11-19
1745:2022-11-16
1720:2022-11-19
1671:2022-11-19
1646:2022-11-19
1599:2022-11-19
1574:26 October
1549:2022-11-19
1485:2022-11-19
1459:26 October
1431:2022-11-19
1407:2022-11-19
1329:2022-11-19
1305:2022-11-19
1242:2022-11-19
1218:2022-11-19
1193:2022-11-19
1168:2022-11-19
1144:2022-11-19
966:2022-07-31
894:2022-11-15
835:2022-11-18
762:2022-11-16
734:References
666:Korean War
377:Nutria fur
295:, and the
224:Hybrid Fox
190:arctic fox
46:chinchilla
32:Chinchilla
4115:black tie
4098:white tie
4006:Jewellery
3923:Pantyhose
3797:One-piece
3744:Nightgown
3716:Nightwear
3554:Inverness
3549:ferraiolo
3374:shadbelly
3342:Greatcoat
3309:Overcoats
3296:outerwear
3142:Underwear
3097:Miniskirt
3082:Ballerina
2999:Strapless
2977:debutante
2972:ball gown
2950:Coatdress
2891:cleanroom
2849:Religious
2844:Political
2740:Windpants
2678:Parachute
2595:Waistcoat
2573:polo neck
2098:"The fox"
1905:Mech 1974
1426:cites.org
1274:0029-1579
1031:Dale 1906
1019:Dale 1906
937:cite book
812:0936-577X
788:: 77–84.
672:. In the
670:frostbite
611:trimmings
587:Grey wolf
561:sheepskin
557:shearling
400:sea otter
273:sheepskin
143:trimmings
139:fur trade
135:red foxes
4122:Informal
4051:Umbrella
3996:Headband
3971:Cufflink
3928:Stocking
3913:Hold-ups
3842:Footwear
3792:Monokini
3787:Dry suit
3764:Swimwear
3739:Negligee
3729:Babygrow
3724:Babydoll
3692:Ski suit
3675:bathrobe
3655:Lab coat
3633:mackinaw
3576:mozzetta
3566:monastic
3527:pinafore
3490:Tailcoat
3418:Raincoat
3198:Leggings
3167:Camisole
3147:lingerie
3055:Sundress
2955:Cocktail
2940:Backless
2881:Workwear
2864:vestment
2859:clerical
2839:Pantsuit
2805:Military
2800:Jumpsuit
2795:Jodhpuri
2773:academic
2760:uniforms
2730:Slim-fit
2718:hotpants
2668:Overalls
2663:Jodhpurs
2605:Trousers
2558:guernsey
2553:cardigan
2494:tube top
2484:crop top
2376:Neckwear
2351:Kerchief
2292:baseball
2274:Headwear
2263:Timeline
2248:Industry
2231:Clothing
2096:(1906).
1715:Sagafurs
1494:cite web
929:48048972
860:(1921)
638:Medieval
617:, short
609:and the
597:fur coat
445:clothing
265:Cold War
96:Fake fur
24:used in
4218:Fursuit
4184:Fashion
4157:Costume
4140:Related
4080:Western
4001:Handbag
3986:Glasses
3981:Gaiters
3951:Armband
3900:Legwear
3890:Sneaker
3885:Slipper
3832:Wetsuit
3777:Burkini
3754:Pajamas
3638:Norfolk
3628:leather
3593:Cut-off
3539:Cagoule
3534:Blouson
3500:morning
3473:smoking
3446:bekishe
3403:Paletot
3203:Panties
3112:Rah-rah
3107:Prairie
3004:Wedding
2989:Prairie
2967:Evening
2918:Dresses
2854:cassock
2820:service
2723:running
2708:dolphin
2703:dycling
2698:Bermuda
2673:Palazzo
2653:Lowrise
2618:Bondage
2588:twinset
2548:Sweater
2501:Cycling
2414:Necktie
2329:homburg
2243:History
1282:7383839
790:Bibcode
727:paihamu
722:paihamu
646:girdles
627:mukluks
615:jackets
492:Raccoon
429:England
320:Martens
155:jackets
147:scarves
121:Red fox
63:coyotes
4127:Casual
4088:Formal
4056:Wallet
4011:Livery
3991:Gloves
3933:Tights
3918:Garter
3875:Sandal
3827:Trunks
3772:Bikini
3665:Poncho
3650:Jerkin
3643:safari
3618:goggle
3613:flight
3603:Jacket
3588:Coatee
3561:Mantle
3478:sports
3468:Blazer
3386:Ulster
3381:Trench
3369:Riding
3337:Duster
3332:Duffel
3327:Covert
3238:briefs
3188:Diaper
3181:Bottom
3117:Sarong
3102:Pencil
3077:A-line
3069:Skirts
3040:Sheath
3030:Jumper
3018:Casual
2906:scrubs
2896:hazmat
2876:Prison
2871:School
2832:combat
2825:sailor
2693:Shorts
2638:Formal
2568:jersey
2563:hoodie
2526:Henley
2511:Mantle
2474:Blouse
2456:Tippet
2439:school
2434:kipper
2389:Choker
2361:Turban
2341:Helmet
2324:fedora
2319:bowler
2314:boater
2181:
2157:
2122:
2082:
1960:
1936:
1821:
1785:"Furs"
1693:
1356:
1280:
1272:
1117:
927:
917:
810:
682:Canada
662:parkas
654:Pawnee
607:scarfs
433:France
425:Rabbit
406:Rabbit
371:Nutria
307:Marten
293:bobcat
291:, the
260:Elburz
247:Russia
109:Fisher
104:Fisher
79:Beaver
74:Beaver
57:Coyote
4211:types
4061:Watch
4036:Spats
3807:Sling
3687:Shawl
3660:Parka
3598:Gilet
3571:royal
3522:Apron
3515:Other
3495:dress
3451:rekel
3396:opera
3391:Cloak
3359:Greca
3290:Coats
3276:Teddy
3218:Thong
3122:Skort
3092:Men's
3087:Denim
3025:House
2984:Plain
2923:gowns
2901:space
2778:court
2755:Suits
2658:Jeans
2633:Chaps
2628:Cargo
2623:Capri
2578:shrug
2521:dress
2516:Shirt
2506:Kurta
2451:Scarf
2444:stock
2419:ascot
2384:Bands
2282:Beret
2192:(PDF)
2175:(PDF)
2142:(PDF)
1621:7 May
1517:p. 12
862:p. 13
757:(PDF)
739:Notes
686:China
678:CITES
650:Inuit
623:coats
619:capes
595:Wolf
580:Skunk
575:Skunk
553:sheep
537:sable
523:Sable
437:pelts
395:Otter
390:Otter
383:coypu
167:capes
163:cloth
159:coats
151:muffs
16:This
4228:Laws
4031:Sash
4016:Muff
3956:Belt
3908:Sock
3880:Shoe
3850:Boot
3670:Robe
3608:down
3544:Cape
3483:Teba
3413:Polo
3249:Full
3213:Slip
3145:and
3132:Wrap
3127:Tutu
3050:Slip
3009:Wrap
2921:and
2815:mess
2810:full
2790:Folk
2688:Phat
2531:polo
2466:Tops
2424:bolo
2366:Veil
2356:Mask
2346:Hood
2302:knit
2297:flat
2179:ISBN
2155:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2080:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1801:2013
1691:ISBN
1623:2014
1576:2014
1500:link
1461:2014
1354:ISBN
1278:PMID
1270:ISSN
1115:ISBN
1069:2016
943:link
925:OCLC
915:ISBN
808:ISSN
716:The
692:and
631:rugs
629:and
603:Wolf
535:The
431:and
360:Mink
344:Mink
285:lynx
279:Lynx
157:and
90:Faux
4285:Fur
3408:Pea
3317:Car
3293:and
3162:Bra
3155:Top
2757:and
2713:gym
2429:bow
2334:top
2309:Hat
2287:Cap
798:doi
636:In
559:or
116:Fox
22:fur
4281::
2038:.
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1880:^
1864:.
1839:.
1793:23
1791:.
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1492:{{
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951:^
939:}}
935:{{
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864:.
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625:,
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