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water refreezes, sealing the plate. The rate of sublimation of the ice is directly proportional to the amount of heat needing to be removed, so the system is self-regulating and needs no moving parts. During EVA on the Moon, this system had an outlet gas temperature of 44 °F (7 °C), As an example, during the Apollo 12 commander's first EVA (of 3 hrs, 44 minutes), 4.75 lb (2.15 kg) of feedwater were sublimated, and this dissipated 894.4 BTU/h (262.1 W). The pores eventually get clogged through contamination and the plates need to be replaced.
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Skin coverage and tubing density can vary depending on the application. The garment may simply be a short-sleeved shirt, or it may be a full-body suit covering the arms and legs. Where the heat removal requirement is low, the tubing may be spaced several centimeters apart across the garment surface.
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The garment is typically a close-fitting non-stretching fabric or a tight-fitting elastic fabric, with flexible tubing sewn onto the fabric. A single layer of fabric may be used, with the tubing either on the inside directly contacting the wearer's skin, or on the outside separated by the fabric. If
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nickel plates with microscopic pores which are sized to permit the water to freeze in the plate without damaging it. When heat needs to be removed, the ice in the pores melts and the water passes through them to form a thin sheet which sublimates. When there is no need for heat to be removed, this
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for cooling the liquid can be very low-tech, consisting simply of a container for holding ice, and an electric pump to circulate water from the container through the tubing. The return water is cooled by the melting ice and again pumped through the tubes. Regulation of flow is done by varying pump
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When a large area needs to be cooled or the external environment also heats the tubing, a single long tube may not be enough because the liquid becomes saturated with heat and cannot cool any further. Making the liquid much colder is not an option since it leads to uncomfortable coldness where the
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LCVGs, while initially developed for space exploration, have been adapted for an array of applications on Earth. These garments, vital for temperature regulation in environments where traditional cooling is ineffective, have been utilized in the military, sports, and various medical fields.
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LCVGs have found use in sports therapy. Devices applying pressure and cold to injured areas have been beneficial for both human athletes and animals like dogs and horses. Cooling systems are also used to enhance performance and reduce the risk of concussions in athletes.
193:(EVA). The LCVG accomplishes this task by circulating cool water through a network of flexible tubes in direct contact with the astronaut's skin. The water draws heat away from the body, resulting in a lower core temperature. The water then returns to the
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Originally designed for astronauts and pilots, LCVGs were later adapted for military applications, including for helicopter pilots and mine rescue workers. In the 1980s, their use expanded to include recreational and industrial settings.
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speed or using an adjustable flow valve. Ice storage can be achieved using a belt-pack, a backpack, or a duffel bag, depending on the length of time needed for the cooling system to operate between refilling the ice storage.
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two layers of fabric are used, stitched channels can be formed which enclose the tubing between the two fabric layers. Where flame resistance is needed, the garment may be constructed out of materials such as
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franchise, where characters wear suits known as "stillsuits" that closely resemble the function of LCVGs, designed for survival in the harsh desert climate of the fictional planet
Arrakis. Similarly, in
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In an independent space suit, the heat is ultimately transferred to a thin sheet of ice (formed by a separate feed water source). Due to the extremely low pressure in space, the heated ice
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LCVGs have often been depicted in science fiction and adventure films. These portrayals range from realistic depictions to imaginative adaptations in extreme environmental conditions.
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In situations where the wearer must stay in place inside a vehicle, heavy but long-term-operation heat exchangers can be used, such as a refrigeration system to cool the liquid.
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LCVGs have been employed in industrial settings to aid workers who wear heavy protective clothing or work in hot environments. This includes applications in
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When the user's movement is partially hindered through the use of a life-support umbilical, cooling liquid can also be supplied via the umbilical.
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Such representations have not only brought attention to the technology but have also inspired innovations and designs in real-world applications.
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Carson, Maurice A. "Apollo
Portable Life Support System Performance Report." Second Conference On Portable Life Systems. 1971, Page 60
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Carson, Maurice A. "Apollo
Portable Life Support System Performance Report." Second Conference On Portable Life Systems. 1971, Page 54
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Where there is a very large amount of heat to remove, the tubing can be arranged in a dense grid with no gaps between the tubes.
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does not work or is insufficient, or when the wearer has a biological problem that hinders self-regulation of body temperature.
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liquid enters the tubes. Instead, multiple parallel tubes are used to increase the volume of liquid available to absorb heat.
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Results of Apollo – Section VI – Chapter 6 – Extravehicular Mobility Unit
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Carson, Maurice A.; Rouen, Michael N.; Lutz, Charles C.; McBarron, James W. II.
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directly to water vapor, which is then vented away from the suit.
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A man wearing a liquid cooling and ventilation garment for the
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a heat exchanger for removal of heat from the circulated fluid
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Other films that have featured similar technologies include
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There are typically two parts to a liquid cooling garment:
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from the wearer. It is commonly used in environments where
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Garment worn inside a spacesuit for cooling and ventilation
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While this technology is most commonly associated with
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494:. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Archived from
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18:Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment
476:US spacesuits, page 120 and following
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617:List of EMU components – NASA Quest
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61:that is used to remove
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932:Space suit components
518:"How Spacesuits Work"
310:epidermolysis bullosa
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187:core body temperature
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333:power plant
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97:space suits
921:Categories
865:Snoopy cap
838:Components
689:Krechet-94
527:2007-01-18
502:2007-01-07
444:References
369:Prometheus
206:sublimates
183:Astronauts
111:Technology
269:, with a
229:umbilical
143:(PVC) or
63:body heat
825:Z series
805:Mark III
432:See also
213:sintered
145:silicone
71:sweating
906:SuitSat
879:Related
784:Feitian
779:Haiying
684:Yastreb
385:Gallery
267:spandex
189:during
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810:I-Suit
725:Gemini
694:Strizh
679:Berkut
660:Models
337:mining
316:, and
274:tricot
240:vacuum
769:China
704:Orlan
699:Sokol
412:Orlan
271:nylon
134:nomex
69:from
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414:LCVG
410:Old
372:and
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259:NASA
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