7549:
1096:
1385:
6316:
7587:
5118:
158:
751:
532:, a layer from the early Cretaceous, that had originated as a sandy seabed. Decomposing pterosaur cadavers, floating on the sea surface, had gradually lost individual bones that sank to the bottom of the sea. Water currents then moved the bones around, eroding and polishing them, until they were at last covered by more sand and fossilised. Even the largest of these remains were damaged and difficult to interpret. They had been assigned to the genus
7599:
955:
557:(meaning "bird hand"), as he in this period still considered pterosaurs to be the direct ancestors of birds, and assumed the hand of the genus to represent a transitional stage in the evolution towards the bird hand. To distinguish the best pieces in the collection, and partly because they had already been described as species by other scientists. Between the years 1869 and 1870, Seeley each gave them a separate species name:
5124:
4501:
129:
6332:
7556:
7611:
4506:
3960:
1325:
7562:
3968:
521:
3975:
6324:
1365:
was one of the largest pterosaurs to have existed, with a wingspan possibly measuring 40 feet (12.2 m) wide. However, this is a highly exaggerated number, as the animal's wingspan likely measured 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6.1 m) wide, which would make it a medium-sized pterosaur. A related species called
2065:
Megan L. Jacobs; David M. Martill; David M. Unwin; Nizar
Ibrahim; Samir Zouhri; Nicholas R. Longrich (2020). "New toothed pterosaurs (Pterosauria: Ornithocheiridae) from the middle Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of Morocco and implications for pterosaur palaeobiogeography and diversity".
966:
in deposits slightly older than the
Cambridge Greensand, 110 million years old. Unlike the English material, these new finds included some of the best preserved large pterosaur skeletons and several new genera names were given to them, such as
684:
to be inappropriate; he also thought it was possible to distinguish two main types within the material, based on differences in snout form and tooth position — the best fossils consisted of jaw fragments. In 1874, he created two new genera:
2663:
Martill, D.M. 2010. The early history of pterosaur discovery in Great
Britain. In: Moody, R., Bueefetaut, E., Naish, D. & Martill, D.M. (eds) Dinosaurs and other extinct saurians. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 343,
2143:"The largest flying reptile from Gondwana: A new specimen of Tropeognathus cf. T. Mesembrinus Wellnhofer, 1987 (Pterodactyloidea, Anhangueridae) and other large pterosaurs from the Romualdo Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil"
923:. Hooley's classification however, was rarely applied later in the century, and therefore paleontologists weren't aware of it, and kept subsuming all the poorly preserved and confusing material under the name
2703:
Averianov, A.; Ekrt, B. (2015). "Cretornis hlavaci Frič, 1881 from the Upper
Cretaceous of Czech Republic (Pterosauria, Azhdarchoidea)". Cretaceous Research. 55: 164. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.02.011.
410:
Several species have been referred to the genus, most of which are now considered as dubious species, or members of different genera, and the genus is now often considered to include only the
977:
material and the validity of the several names based on it, for it might be possible that it could by more detailed studies be established that the
Brazilian pterosaurs were actually
2227:
Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and
Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge
7700:
2141:
Kellner, A. W. A.; Campos, D. A.; Sayão, J. M.; Saraiva, A. N. A. F.; Rodrigues, T.; Oliveira, G.; Cruz, L. A.; Costa, F. R.; Silva, H. P.; Ferreira, J. S. (2013).
7759:
939:, which was then followed by Kuhn in 1967, and Wellnhofer in 1978, yet those authors weren't aware that back in 1881, Seeley made already made the species
2633:
2794:
Buffetaut, E.; Psi, A.; Prondvai, E. (2011). "The pterosaurian remains from the Grünbach
Formation (Campanian, Gosau Group) of Austria: a reappraisal of
2631:
Toothed pterosaurs from the
Santana Formation (Cretaceous; Aptian-Albian) of northeastern Brazil. A reappraisal on the basis of newly described material
2595:
Fastnacht, M (2001). "First record of
Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria) from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Chapada do Araripe of Brazil".
7687:
2926:
gen. nov. (Pterodactyloidea, Pteranodontoidea, Lanceodontia) and recognition of a new cosmopolitan lineage of
Cretaceous toothed pterodactyloids",
1372:
had a wingspan measuring about 27 feet (8.2 m) wide, making it the largest toothed pterosaur known. In 2022, Gregory S. Paul estimated that
7769:
2043:
1316:, Seeley 1881), cited in the past as evidence of Late Cretaceous ornithocheirids, has since been re-identified as a likely azhdarchid as well.
2961:
2858:
2713:
Witton, M.P.; Martill, D.M.; Green, M. (2009). "On pterodactyloid diversity in the British Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) and a reappraisal of "
2506:"On the systematic and stratigraphic significance of pterosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Jehol Group) of Liaoning, China"
2103:
Vullo, R.; Neraudeau, D. (2009). "Pterosaur Remains from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Paralic Deposits of Charentes, Western France".
7764:
7548:
2191:
2494:
Wellnhofer P. (1978) Pterosauria. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, Teil 19. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York, 82 pp.
2754:
Varricchio, 2002 from the Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Western USA (Montana) as a pterosaur rather than a bird"
1338:, is only known from fragmentary jaw tips. It bore a distinctive convex "keeled" crest on its snout similar to its relatives.
2024:
1358:
unique and unlike its relatives, was that its teeth of were mostly vertical, rather than set at an outward-pointing angle.
6315:
5123:
2209:
Unwin D.M., 2001, "An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England",
7577:
5117:
157:
1678:
2476:
Khozatskii LI, Yur'ev KB. (1964) . In: Orlov JA. (Ed.). Osnovy Paleontologii 12 .Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow: 589-603
1426:
to be in a basal member of the clade Ornithocheirae, reclassifying all other snout-crested pterosaurs in the family
4500:
2954:
1924:
1630:
1524:
1394:
7754:
3058:
2630:
2019:
1871:
1695:
553:. He soon concluded that it was best to create a new genus for the Cambridge Greensand material that he named
3959:
4536:
1308:
768:
472:
4505:
3967:
2675:
1350:, which had prominently-expanded rosettes of teeth, as well as a more developed "keeled" crest compared to
981:
of the European types. Several European researchers concluded that this was indeed the case. Unwin revived
524:
Lithograph of the holotype, showing a tooth which perhaps did not belong with the specimen, and is now lost
7627:
7456:
5614:
2749:
2554:
1500:
969:
852:
7555:
2361:"The Reptile Fauna of the Gosau Formation preserved in the Geological Museum of the University of Vienna"
7726:
7603:
7561:
1888:
1274:
1063:
by Michael Fastnacht in 2001. Even earlier, in 2001, Unwin had referred the "Tropeognathus" material to
802:
1095:
986:
6331:
1056:
7674:
5709:
4148:
4058:
3974:
2947:
2931:
2807:
2546:
1280:
6323:
2559:
2485:
Kuhn O. (1967) Die fossile Wirbeltierklasse Pterosauria. Verlag Oeben, Krailling bei München, 52 pp.
1384:
7665:
7591:
7213:
6902:
6589:
5888:
5815:
3583:
3303:
2068:
1811:
1565:
1548:
1476:
845:
773:
542:
529:
483:
367:
871:. To allow for a greater differentiation, Hooley created two new genera, again based on jaw form:
6742:
5216:
5059:
4202:
4005:
3992:
3906:
3748:
3379:
3354:
2902:
2864:
2823:
2776:
2612:
2572:
2380:
2120:
2085:
1036:
332:
152:
2440:, with a review of the specimens from the Cambridge Greensand in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge"
2397:
Newton, E. T., 1888, "On the Skull, Brain, and Auditory Organ of a new species of Pterosaurian (
7731:
494:
stage of the early Cretaceous period, about 110 million years ago. Additional fossils from the
7713:
7705:
7168:
5983:
5912:
5154:
5141:
5084:
4847:
4745:
4647:
4565:
4343:
4320:
4286:
4216:
3757:
3673:
3625:
3599:
3312:
3217:
2854:
2459:
2325:
2248:
2187:
2164:
1798:
1286:
1044:
992:, each author ascribing Brazilian species to these genera. However, in 2000 Unwin stated that
750:
495:
7718:
7397:
7280:
7272:
7064:
6993:
6918:
6460:
6363:
6350:
6282:
6162:
6151:
5401:
5258:
5195:
4970:
4952:
4790:
4614:
4430:
4416:
4374:
3880:
3866:
3798:
3477:
3027:
2894:
2846:
2815:
2768:
2730:
2604:
2564:
2517:
2451:
2372:
2315:
2305:
2240:
2154:
2112:
2077:
1940:
1615:
1328:
1207:
954:
241:
228:
215:
41:
7486:
7329:
7178:
6963:
6867:
6842:
6835:
6822:
6755:
6641:
6539:
6505:
6401:
6381:
6235:
6093:
6034:
6021:
5992:
5868:
5779:
5638:
5511:
5466:
5338:
5267:
5246:
5072:
4733:
4713:
4685:
4661:
4597:
4589:
4582:
4574:
4329:
4309:
4139:
4115:
4065:
3873:
3856:
3846:
3823:
3779:
3771:
3739:
3728:
3707:
3661:
3653:
3592:
3508:
3448:
3367:
3336:
3226:
3205:
3158:
3043:
3018:
2637:
1826:
546:
538:, as was common for any pterosaur species described in the early and middle 19th century.
528:
During the 19th century, in England many fragmentary pterosaur fossils were found in the
2811:
2550:
7615:
7463:
7436:
7414:
7238:
7152:
7089:
7028:
7013:
6979:
6804:
6788:
6776:
6762:
6715:
6672:
6632:
6546:
6492:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6178:
6085:
6006:
5933:
5844:
5600:
5492:
5427:
5368:
5308:
5274:
4994:
4921:
4893:
4812:
4762:
4701:
4670:
4270:
4246:
4224:
4170:
4128:
4072:
4040:
3721:
3638:
3615:
3494:
3420:
3388:
3241:
3190:
3138:
2320:
2293:
2029:
1763:
1449:
1415:
978:
855:
made a new attempt to structure the large number of species. Hooley synonymized Owen's
687:
445:
400:
141:
2376:
7748:
7500:
7471:
7447:
7428:
7386:
7371:
7320:
7309:
7202:
7194:
7144:
7081:
7052:
7036:
7020:
7006:
6947:
6925:
6876:
6769:
6530:
6473:
6392:
6227:
6199:
6171:
6042:
5925:
5716:
5646:
5518:
5501:
5357:
5294:
5238:
5003:
4959:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4804:
4754:
4678:
4635:
4628:
4554:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4236:
4178:
4163:
4156:
4104:
3887:
3556:
3516:
3466:
3435:
3396:
3291:
3283:
3261:
3165:
3149:
2868:
2827:
2616:
2384:
2360:
2124:
2089:
1955:
1910:
1461:
1427:
1368:
1212:
1169:
534:
508:
437:
429:
342:
79:
2906:
2780:
2576:
2159:
2142:
1376:
had a wingspan of 5 m (16 ft) and a body mass of 20 kg (44 lb).
128:
7493:
7421:
7292:
7187:
7121:
7073:
6883:
6811:
6689:
6657:
6425:
6192:
6120:
6061:
5956:
5593:
5578:
5562:
5553:
5542:
5382:
5345:
5231:
5181:
5024:
4937:
4930:
4910:
4882:
4875:
4861:
4854:
4769:
4726:
4693:
4409:
4351:
4294:
4279:
4259:
4084:
3815:
3807:
3787:
3714:
3693:
3686:
3541:
3329:
3275:
3234:
2356:
2116:
1857:
1245:
1198:
1181:
1113:
873:
677:
666:
411:
321:
294:
277:
268:
246:
2734:
2568:
2081:
2267:
2224:
676:, this provoked a reaction by the leading British paleontologist of his day, Sir
7659:
7379:
7339:
7258:
7222:
6956:
6731:
6664:
6607:
6553:
6410:
6078:
5949:
5941:
5901:
5860:
5852:
5727:
5694:
5662:
5654:
5625:
5586:
5570:
5529:
5458:
5450:
5443:
5389:
5330:
5322:
4983:
4945:
4868:
4523:
4456:
4423:
4359:
3700:
3569:
3524:
3501:
3176:
2680:
Nessov, 1984 (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan"
2537:
Unwin, D. M. (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs".
1847:
1324:
879:
54:
2650:
7347:
7302:
7230:
7105:
7097:
6932:
6911:
6856:
6724:
6699:
6649:
6614:
6560:
6448:
6440:
6433:
6185:
6108:
6100:
5999:
5963:
5801:
5702:
5681:
5670:
5607:
5224:
5017:
5010:
4445:
4336:
3343:
3000:
2898:
2887:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2819:
2455:
2244:
840:
425:
99:
64:
7650:
2463:
2310:
2252:
927:. In 1964, a Russian-language overview of Pterosauria designated the species
17:
7407:
6849:
6797:
6519:
6512:
6480:
6418:
6144:
6137:
6129:
6049:
5827:
5793:
5743:
5736:
5473:
5411:
5315:
4903:
4302:
4019:
3646:
3486:
3321:
3198:
3120:
3107:
3070:
3009:
2970:
1004:
CAMSM B.54428, to be the type species. This also made it possible to revive
996:
could not be valid. Referring to Seeley's designation of 1881 he considered
550:
520:
393:
202:
169:
104:
48:
2329:
2168:
2850:
2687:
Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2522:
2505:
467:
was originally named based on poorly preserved fossil material, the genus
7644:
7479:
7363:
7355:
7129:
7113:
7044:
6621:
5971:
5876:
5808:
5480:
5435:
5208:
4437:
4097:
2994:
1001:
189:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
1027:
is currently considered valid by all pterosaur researchers. The species
7692:
2772:
2608:
487:
457:
404:
109:
84:
2268:"The Ornithosauria: an Elementary Study of the Bones of Pterodactyles"
399:
known from fragmentary fossil remains uncovered from sediments in the
6070:
5837:
5419:
4027:
3894:
2988:
963:
499:
491:
433:
179:
7621:
2435:
1019:
As a result, though over forty species have been named in the genus
962:
From the seventies onwards many new pterosaur fossils were found in
680:. Owen was not an evolutionist and he therefore considered the name
140:, CAMSM B54428, and referred specimen CAMSM B54552 (holotype of the
1406:
within the family Ornithocheiridae in a more derived position than
545:
was commissioned to bring order to the pterosaur collection of the
5168:
3764:
1414:, and the family itself is placed within the more inclusive clade
1383:
1323:
1111:, and placed most other species in other genera, or declared them
1094:
1067:
in which was followed by Veldmeijer; however, Veldmeijer rejected
953:
749:
699:(meaning "maimed beak") which comprised a new type species called
519:
396:
7679:
867:
into that genus, meaning that the only generic name he kept was
7625:
6348:
5139:
4521:
3990:
3105:
2981:
2943:
1294:
in the past, but recent papers have found them to be distinct;
1031:, which was named by Peter Wellnhofer in 1987, was assigned to
903:, in addition, Hooley also named a new separate species called
2939:
2415:
Cope, E. D. (1872). "On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas".
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
506:, but have also been placed in their own genera, most notably
1312:(Bunzel 1871, often misspelled and incorrectly attributed as
758:
Seeley did not accept Owen's position. In 1881 he designated
1433:
2344:
Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations
1290:, originally misidentified as birds, were once referred to
27:
Genus of ornithocheirid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous
2885:
Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs".
2403:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
911:(meaning "blunt biter") also consisted of three species:
887:(meaning "lance biter") consisted of the former species
1342:
had relatively narrow jaw tips compared to the related
672:
When Seeley published his conclusions in his 1870 book
665:, thus 27 in total. As yet Seeley did not designate a
7575:
2880:
2878:
2298:
complex (Pterosauria) from the Cretaceous of England"
754:
Referred specimens MANCH L10832 and NHMUK PV OR 35412
2211:
Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin
310:
284:
7634:
7446:
7396:
7328:
7319:
7291:
7256:
7212:
7177:
7167:
7063:
6992:
6977:
6946:
6901:
6866:
6821:
6787:
6741:
6714:
6687:
6631:
6587:
6529:
6491:
6459:
6400:
6391:
6361:
6281:
6161:
6119:
6060:
6020:
5982:
5911:
5887:
5826:
5777:
5726:
5680:
5624:
5552:
5528:
5500:
5491:
5400:
5366:
5355:
5292:
5257:
5194:
5179:
5152:
5083:
5058:
4993:
4969:
4920:
4892:
4788:
4744:
4712:
4660:
4645:
4612:
4564:
4534:
4455:
4373:
4319:
4269:
4245:
4234:
4200:
4138:
4114:
4083:
4038:
4003:
3905:
3855:
3845:
3797:
3747:
3738:
3672:
3624:
3613:
3582:
3567:
3539:
3476:
3446:
3418:
3378:
3353:
3311:
3302:
3259:
3216:
3175:
3148:
3118:
3069:
3042:
1402:A topology made by Andres and Myers in 2013 placed
1099:
1919 reconstruction of the holotype by von Arthaber
973:. This situation caused a renewed interest in the
719:(meaning "ram beak") consisted entirely of former
2918:
2916:
2748:Federico L. Agnolin and David Varricchio (2012).
2417:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2136:
2134:
838:, which were formerly species given to the genus
2590:
2588:
2586:
2539:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
2401:), from the Upper Lias near Whitby, Yorkshire",
2922:Pêgas, R.V., Holgado, B., Leal, M.E.C., 2019. "
776:reassigned several existing species names into
703:, as well as two other species reassigned from
2640:." Tekst. – Proefschrift Universiteit Utrecht.
958:Referred specimens CAMSM 54429 and CAMSM 54677
2955:
8:
2845:. Princeton University Press. p. 168.
2365:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
2346:. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp
2205:
2203:
7622:
7325:
7264:
7174:
6998:
6989:
6985:
6943:
6939:
6827:
6747:
6711:
6707:
6599:
6595:
6497:
6465:
6397:
6373:
6369:
6358:
6345:
6278:
6116:
6057:
6026:
5917:
5893:
5785:
5686:
5630:
5549:
5534:
5497:
5374:
5363:
5300:
5200:
5191:
5187:
5160:
5149:
5136:
5064:
5055:
4975:
4796:
4718:
4657:
4653:
4620:
4546:
4542:
4531:
4518:
4379:
4251:
4242:
4208:
4120:
4089:
4050:
4046:
4011:
4000:
3987:
3852:
3744:
3678:
3630:
3621:
3579:
3575:
3548:
3458:
3454:
3427:
3359:
3308:
3267:
3182:
3130:
3126:
3115:
3102:
3048:
3039:
2978:
2962:
2948:
2940:
2504:Unwin D.M.; Lü J.; Bakhurina N.N. (2000).
947:, in which defined the new combination of
127:
31:
2558:
2521:
2319:
2309:
2158:
1430:. Their cladogram is shown on the right.
2147:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
1306:was shown to be a lonchodectid in 2009.
935:in the overview, as the type species of
766:and named a new separate species called
7582:
2843:The Princeton Field Guide to Pterosaurs
2213:, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4: 189–221
2057:
502:are sometimes classified as species of
2444:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
2233:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
2044:The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life
2041:Haines, T., and Chambers, P. (2006).
1103:In 2013, Rodrigues and Kellner found
384:(from Ancient Greek "ὄρνις", meaning
7:
7760:Late Cretaceous pterosaurs of Europe
1410:, but in a more basal position than
1302:is a valid genus of azhdarchid, and
482:have been recovered mainly from the
2292:Rodrigues, T.; Kellner, A. (2013).
2186:. New York: Pi Press. p. 246.
1916:
1863:
1853:
1804:
1794:
1770:
1758:
1670:
1646:
1622:
1540:
1516:
1492:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1043:a junior synonym. In 1989 however,
2105:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
780:, which created new combinations:
471:has suffered enduring problems of
25:
2932:doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1690482
2377:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1881.037.01-04.49
1361:It was believed in the past that
1107:to be monotypic, containing only
826:. He also reassigned the species
490:, dating to the beginning of the
7609:
7597:
7585:
7560:
7554:
7547:
6330:
6322:
6314:
5122:
5116:
4504:
4499:
3973:
3966:
3958:
2750:"Systematic reinterpretation of
2434:Hooley, Reginald Walter (1914).
1298:may be closer to azhdarchoidea,
1071:as the type species in favor of
448:, though a specimen referred to
420:. Species have been referred to
156:
2160:10.1590/S0001-37652013000100009
2184:The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time
2117:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010380
2025:Timeline of pterosaur research
1197:(Koken, 1883) = indeterminate
1137:Pterodactylus compressirostris
933:Pterodactylus compressirostris
889:Pterodactylus compressirostris
1:
7770:Fossil taxa described in 1869
2735:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.12.004
2569:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.11
2436:"On the Ornithosaurian genus
2223:Seeley, Harry Govier (1869).
2082:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104413
929:Lonchodectes compressirostris
897:Lonchodectes compressirostris
2597:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
2047:. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.
1354:. Another feature that made
1679:Coloborhynchus clavirostris
1441:Andres & Myers (2013).
1008:, using as type the former
895:, which were reassigned as
723:species: the type species,
701:Coloborhynchus clavirostris
7786:
7765:Taxa named by Harry Seeley
2924:Targaryendraco wiedenrothi
2629:Veldmeijer, A.J. (2006). "
1053:Coloborhynchus mesembrinus
931:, which was identified as
727:, and furthermore such as
363:Ornithocheirus platyrhinus
7544:
7267:
7001:
6988:
6942:
6830:
6750:
6710:
6602:
6598:
6500:
6468:
6376:
6372:
6357:
6344:
6311:
6277:
6029:
5920:
5896:
5788:
5689:
5633:
5537:
5377:
5303:
5203:
5190:
5163:
5148:
5135:
5113:
5067:
5054:
4978:
4799:
4721:
4656:
4623:
4549:
4545:
4530:
4517:
4497:
4382:
4254:
4211:
4123:
4092:
4053:
4049:
4014:
3999:
3986:
3955:
3681:
3633:
3578:
3551:
3461:
3457:
3430:
3362:
3270:
3185:
3133:
3129:
3114:
3101:
3051:
3038:
2977:
2899:10.1017/S1755691013000303
2841:Paul, Gregory S. (2022).
2820:10.1017/S0016756810000981
2456:10.1080/00222931408693521
2294:"Taxonomic review of the
2245:10.1080/00222937008696143
1953:
1938:
1925:Tropeognathus mesembrinus
1921:
1914:
1885:
1868:
1861:
1851:
1824:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1775:
1768:
1692:
1675:
1668:
1651:
1644:
1631:Tropeognathus mesembrinus
1627:
1620:
1562:
1545:
1538:
1525:Anhanguera blittersdorffi
1521:
1514:
1497:
1490:
1473:
1466:
1454:
1395:Tropeognathus mesembrinus
1091:Formerly assigned species
1079:), and he used the names
1029:Tropeognathus mesembrinus
338:
331:
307:
302:
283:
276:
153:Scientific classification
151:
135:
126:
34:
2674:Averianov, A.O. (2010).
2311:10.3897/zookeys.308.5559
2182:Unwin, David M. (2006).
2020:List of pterosaur genera
1872:Hamipterus tianshanensis
1696:Coloborhynchus wadleighi
1256:Pterodactylus sedgwickii
1085:Criorhynchus mesembrinus
1061:Criorhynchus mesembrinus
899:, the type species, and
863:, in which he also sunk
4537:Archaeopterodactyloidea
2796:Ornithocheirus buenzeli
1186:Pterodactylus giganteus
1117:. They also considered
943:as the type species of
893:Pterodactylus giganteus
473:zoological nomenclature
444:is known only from the
1501:Anhanguera araripensis
1399:
1331:
1100:
1049:Anhanguera mesembrinus
959:
901:Lonchodectes giganteus
853:Reginald Walter Hooley
755:
525:
388:, and "χεῖρ", meaning
7727:Paleobiology Database
2851:10.1515/9780691232218
2678:Azhdarcho lancicollis
2523:10.5194/fr-3-181-2000
2399:Scaphognathus purdoni
2266:Seeley, H.G. (1870).
1889:Iberodactylus andreui
1387:
1327:
1275:Cimoliornis diomedeus
1225:Pterodactylus nobilis
1157:Pterodactylus cuvieri
1128:Misassigned species:
1098:
1023:over the years, only
957:
753:
523:
4149:Archaeoistiodactylus
4059:Archaeoistiodactylus
2405:, v. 179, p. 503-537
1779:Ornithocheirus simus
1655:Ornithocheirus simus
1336:Ornithocheirus simus
1281:Cretornis hlavatschi
1121:a junior synonym of
1047:considered it as an
1012:, which then became
998:Ornithocheirus simus
762:the type species of
516:Discovery and naming
417:Ornithocheirus simus
289:Ornithocheirus simus
7214:Targaryendraconidae
6903:Ornithocheiriformes
6590:Ornithocheiromorpha
5889:Neopterodactyloidea
5816:Dsungaripteromorpha
3584:Campylognathoididae
3304:Eudimorphodontoidea
2812:2011GeoM..148..334B
2800:Geological Magazine
2723:Cretaceous Research
2551:2003GSLSP.217..139U
2069:Cretaceous Research
1812:Targaryendraconidae
1566:Anhanguera santanae
1549:Anhanguera piscator
1477:Liaoningopterus gui
1133:O. compressirostris
1073:O. compressirostris
1014:L. compressirostris
1010:O. compressirostris
846:Edward Drinker Cope
774:Edwin Tulley Newton
647:O. machaerorhynchus
543:Harry Govier Seeley
530:Cambridge Greensand
484:Cambridge Greensand
456:is also known from
6743:Istiodactyliformes
5217:Lonchognathosaurus
5060:Eupterodactyloidea
4203:Pterodactyliformes
4006:Pterodactylomorpha
3993:Pterodactylomorpha
3907:Pterodactylomorpha
3749:Angustinaripterini
3380:Eudimorphodontinae
3355:Eudimorphodontidae
2928:Historical Biology
2773:10.5252/g2012n4a10
2676:"The osteology of
2636:2012-03-17 at the
2609:10.1007/bf03022595
2076:: Article 104413.
1400:
1334:The type species,
1332:
1217:, Wellnfofer, 1987
1188:, Bowerbank, 1846
1159:, Bowerbank, 1851
1101:
1081:Criorhynchus simus
960:
756:
725:Criorhynchus simus
526:
478:Fossil remains of
354:Criorhynchus simus
7742:
7741:
7714:Open Tree of Life
7628:Taxon identifiers
7573:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7542:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7169:Targaryendraconia
7163:
7162:
6973:
6972:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6683:
6682:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6340:
6339:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6016:
6015:
5984:Chaoyangopterinae
5913:Chaoyangopteridae
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5155:Ornithocheiroidea
5142:Ornithocheiroidea
5131:
5130:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5085:Ornithocheiroidea
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
4848:Gladocephaloideus
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4746:Aurorazhdarchidae
4648:Ctenochasmatoidea
4608:
4607:
4566:Germanodactylidae
4513:
4512:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4369:
4368:
4344:Dendrorhynchoides
4321:Batrachognathinae
4287:Dendrorhynchoides
4217:Changchengopterus
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
3982:
3981:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3758:Angustinaripterus
3674:Rhamphorhynchinae
3626:Rhamphorhynchidae
3609:
3608:
3600:Campylognathoides
3535:
3534:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3313:Raeticodactylidae
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3218:Austriadraconidae
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
2860:978-0-691-23221-8
2010:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1900:
1899:
1837:
1836:
1799:Targaryendraconia
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1418:. In 2019, Pêgas
1287:Palaeornis clifti
1269:
1260:
1243:
1235:
1233:(Seeley, 1874) =
1231:O. sagittirostris
1190:
1167:(Hooley, 1914) =
1161:
1155:(Seeley, 1870) =
1149:
1147:(Seeley, 1870) =
1141:
1135:(Hooley, 1914) =
1059:in 1998 and as a
1045:Alexander Kellner
987:Michael Fastnacht
790:O. sagittirostris
674:The Ornithosauria
603:O. scaphorhynchus
541:Young researcher
496:Santana Formation
377:
376:
371:
359:
350:
325:
272:
250:
16:(Redirected from
7777:
7735:
7734:
7722:
7721:
7709:
7708:
7696:
7695:
7683:
7682:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7623:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7581:
7564:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7398:Coloborhynchinae
7326:
7281:Ornithocheiridae
7273:Brasileodactylus
7265:
7175:
7065:Ornithocheirinae
6999:
6994:Ornithocheiridae
6990:
6986:
6944:
6940:
6919:Brasileodactylus
6828:
6748:
6716:Lonchodraconidae
6712:
6708:
6600:
6596:
6498:
6466:
6461:Nyctosauromorpha
6398:
6374:
6370:
6364:Pteranodontoidea
6359:
6351:Pteranodontoidea
6346:
6335:
6334:
6327:
6326:
6319:
6318:
6283:Pteranodontoidea
6279:
6163:Quetzalcoatlinae
6152:Mistralazhdarcho
6117:
6058:
6027:
5918:
5894:
5786:
5687:
5631:
5550:
5535:
5498:
5402:Thalassodromidae
5375:
5364:
5301:
5259:Dsungaripterinae
5201:
5196:Dsungaripteridae
5192:
5188:
5161:
5150:
5137:
5126:
5121:
5120:
5065:
5056:
4976:
4971:Ctenochasmatinae
4953:Plataleorhynchus
4797:
4791:Ctenochasmatidae
4719:
4658:
4654:
4621:
4615:Euctenochasmatia
4547:
4543:
4532:
4519:
4508:
4503:
4431:Propterodactylus
4417:Ningchengopterus
4380:
4375:Pterodactyloidea
4252:
4243:
4209:
4121:
4090:
4051:
4047:
4012:
4001:
3988:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3962:
3881:Jianchangopterus
3867:Fenghuangopterus
3853:
3799:Rhamphorhynchini
3745:
3679:
3631:
3622:
3580:
3576:
3549:
3478:Dimorphodontidae
3459:
3455:
3428:
3360:
3309:
3268:
3183:
3131:
3127:
3116:
3103:
3049:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3028:Pterosauromorpha
2979:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2941:
2934:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2758:
2752:Piksi barbarulna
2745:
2739:
2738:
2721:Mantell, 1844".
2710:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2592:
2581:
2580:
2562:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2062:
1941:Coloborhynchinae
1917:
1864:
1854:
1805:
1795:
1771:
1759:
1671:
1647:
1623:
1616:Ornithocheiridae
1541:
1517:
1493:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1434:
1329:Life restoration
1268:
1259:
1242:
1234:
1189:
1160:
1148:
1140:
1057:André Veldmeijer
1039:in 2003, making
627:O. xyphorhynchus
623:O. enchorhynchus
366:
357:
348:
319:
312:
286:
267:
260:
245:
242:Ornithocheirinae
240:
229:Ornithocheiridae
227:
216:Pterodactyloidea
214:
201:
161:
160:
131:
121:
51:
42:Early Cretaceous
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7755:Pteranodontoids
7745:
7744:
7743:
7738:
7730:
7725:
7717:
7712:
7704:
7699:
7691:
7686:
7678:
7673:
7664:
7663:
7658:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7630:
7620:
7610:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7586:
7584:
7576:
7574:
7565:
7546:
7506:
7487:Liaoningopterus
7442:
7392:
7330:Tropeognathinae
7315:
7287:
7261:
7244:
7208:
7179:Cimoliopteridae
7159:
7059:
6982:
6969:
6964:Zhenyuanopterus
6938:
6889:
6868:Istiodactylinae
6862:
6843:Longchengpterus
6836:Lingyuanopterus
6823:Istiodactylidae
6817:
6783:
6756:Hongshanopterus
6737:
6706:
6692:
6679:
6642:Hongshanopterus
6627:
6592:
6567:
6540:Barbaridactylus
6525:
6487:
6455:
6402:Pteranodontidae
6387:
6382:Santanadactylus
6366:
6353:
6336:
6329:
6321:
6313:
6297:
6241:
6236:Zhejiangopterus
6157:
6115:
6094:Palaeocursornis
6056:
6035:Montanazhdarcho
6022:Azhdarchiformes
6012:
5993:Chaoyangopterus
5978:
5907:
5883:
5869:Montanazhdarcho
5822:
5782:
5780:Azhdarchomorpha
5749:
5722:
5676:
5639:Aymberedactylus
5620:
5548:
5524:
5512:Aymberedactylus
5487:
5467:Thalassodromeus
5396:
5371:
5360:
5351:
5339:Montanazhdarcho
5297:
5280:
5268:Domeykodactylus
5253:
5247:Tendaguripterus
5184:
5175:
5157:
5144:
5127:
5115:
5099:
5079:
5073:Altmuehlopterus
5030:
4989:
4965:
4916:
4888:
4793:
4776:
4740:
4734:Gallodactylidae
4714:Aurorazhdarchia
4708:
4686:Normannognathus
4662:Gallodactylidae
4650:
4641:
4617:
4604:
4598:Tendaguripterus
4590:Normannognathus
4583:Germanodactylus
4575:Altmuehlopterus
4560:
4539:
4526:
4509:
4471:
4451:
4365:
4330:Batrachognathus
4315:
4310:Vesperopterylus
4265:
4239:
4230:
4205:
4184:
4140:Wukongopterinae
4134:
4116:Wukongopteridae
4110:
4079:
4066:Normannognathus
4043:
4034:
4008:
3995:
3978:
3965:
3957:
3921:
3901:
3874:Jianchangnathus
3857:Scaphognathidae
3847:Digibrevisauria
3829:
3824:Rhamphorhynchus
3793:
3780:Qinglongopterus
3772:Harpactognathus
3740:Rhamphorhynchae
3734:
3729:Qinglongopterus
3708:Harpactognathus
3668:
3662:Scaphognathinae
3654:Parapsicephalus
3618:
3605:
3593:Bergamodactylus
3572:
3563:
3545:
3531:
3509:Parapsicephalus
3472:
3451:
3449:Macronychoptera
3442:
3424:
3402:
3374:
3368:Arcticodactylus
3349:
3337:Raeticodactylus
3298:
3264:
3247:
3227:Arcticodactylus
3212:
3206:Raeticodactylus
3171:
3159:Austriadactylus
3144:
3123:
3110:
3085:
3065:
3059:Avemetatarsalia
3044:Avemetatarsalia
3034:
3019:Avemetatarsalia
2984:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2938:
2937:
2921:
2914:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2861:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2638:Wayback Machine
2628:
2624:
2594:
2593:
2584:
2560:10.1.1.924.5957
2536:
2535:
2531:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2450:(78): 529–557.
2433:
2432:
2428:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2342:Owen, R. 1874,
2341:
2337:
2291:
2290:
2279:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2239:(27): 225–226.
2222:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2038:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1901:
1838:
1827:Cimoliopteridae
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1382:
1322:
1267:(Wild, 1990) =
1254:(Owen, 1859) =
1241:(Owen, 1861) =
1223:(Owen, 1869) =
1093:
979:junior synonyms
782:O. clavirostris
643:O. tenuirostris
619:O. denticulatus
607:O. brachyrhinus
547:Sedgwick Museum
518:
365:
356:
347:
318:
298:
292:
266:
258:
244:
238:
225:
212:
199:
155:
122:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
46:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7783:
7781:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7747:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7723:
7710:
7697:
7684:
7671:
7666:Ornithocheirus
7656:
7640:
7638:
7636:Ornithocheirus
7632:
7631:
7626:
7619:
7618:
7606:
7604:United Kingdom
7594:
7571:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7468:
7464:Caulkicephalus
7460:
7452:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7437:Uktenadactylus
7433:
7425:
7418:
7415:Coloborhynchus
7411:
7403:
7401:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7368:
7360:
7352:
7344:
7335:
7333:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7306:
7298:
7296:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7277:
7268:
7262:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7239:Targaryendraco
7235:
7227:
7218:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7199:
7191:
7183:
7181:
7172:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7153:Uktenadactylus
7149:
7141:
7138:Ornithocheirus
7134:
7126:
7118:
7110:
7102:
7094:
7090:Coloborhynchus
7086:
7078:
7069:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7049:
7041:
7033:
7029:Caulkicephalus
7025:
7017:
7014:Arthurdactylus
7010:
7002:
6996:
6983:
6980:Ornithocheirae
6978:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6960:
6952:
6950:
6937:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6907:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6880:
6872:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6853:
6846:
6839:
6831:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6808:
6805:Linlongopterus
6801:
6793:
6791:
6789:Mimodactylidae
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6777:Lonchodectidae
6773:
6766:
6763:Linlongopterus
6759:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6728:
6720:
6718:
6705:
6704:
6695:
6693:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:Targaryendraco
6669:
6661:
6654:
6646:
6637:
6635:
6633:Lonchodectidae
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6603:
6593:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6557:
6550:
6547:Muzquizopteryx
6543:
6535:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6501:
6495:
6493:Aponyctosauria
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6430:
6422:
6415:
6406:
6404:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6377:
6367:
6362:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6287:
6285:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6232:
6224:
6221:Thanatosdrakon
6217:
6214:Quetzalcoatlus
6210:
6207:Phosphatodraco
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6179:Arambourgiania
6175:
6167:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6125:
6123:
6114:
6113:
6105:
6097:
6090:
6086:Navajodactylus
6082:
6075:
6066:
6064:
6055:
6054:
6046:
6039:
6030:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6007:Shenzhoupterus
6003:
5996:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5968:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5938:
5934:Argentinadraco
5930:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5873:
5865:
5857:
5849:
5845:Argentinadraco
5841:
5833:
5831:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5789:
5783:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5732:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5643:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5601:Nemicolopterus
5597:
5590:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5558:
5556:
5547:
5546:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5507:
5505:
5495:
5493:Tapejariformes
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5440:
5432:
5428:Argentinadraco
5424:
5416:
5407:
5405:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5386:
5378:
5372:
5369:Tapejaromorpha
5367:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5327:
5319:
5312:
5309:Argentinadraco
5304:
5298:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5275:Dsungaripterus
5271:
5263:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5243:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5213:
5204:
5198:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5164:
5158:
5153:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5068:
5062:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
4999:
4997:
4995:Pterodaustrini
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4926:
4924:
4922:Gnathosaurinae
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4897:
4894:Moganopterinae
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4813:Balaenognathus
4809:
4800:
4794:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4766:
4763:Aurorazhdarcho
4759:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4702:Moganopterinae
4698:
4690:
4682:
4675:
4671:Aurorazhdarcho
4666:
4664:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4579:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4550:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4333:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4273:
4271:Anurognathinae
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4255:
4249:
4247:Anurognathidae
4240:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4225:Douzhanopterus
4221:
4212:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4171:Douzhanopterus
4167:
4160:
4153:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4129:Kunpengopterus
4124:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:Anurognathidae
4069:
4062:
4054:
4044:
4041:Monofenestrata
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4015:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3860:
3850:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3761:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3722:Orientognathus
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3639:Dolicorhamphus
3634:
3628:
3619:
3616:Breviquartossa
3614:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3586:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3498:
3495:Caelestiventus
3491:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3452:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3421:Zambellisauria
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3389:Carniadactylus
3384:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3242:Seazzadactylus
3238:
3231:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3195:
3191:Carniadactylus
3186:
3180:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3139:Daohugoupterus
3134:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2982:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2912:
2874:
2859:
2833:
2806:(2): 334–339.
2786:
2767:(4): 883–894.
2740:
2729:(3): 676–686.
2705:
2696:
2666:
2656:
2651:"Neotheropoda"
2642:
2622:
2582:
2545:(1): 139–190.
2529:
2516:(1): 181–206.
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2438:Ornithocheirus
2426:
2423:(88): 420–422.
2407:
2390:
2371:(1): 620–706.
2348:
2335:
2304:(308): 1–112.
2296:Ornithocheirus
2277:
2258:
2215:
2199:
2192:
2174:
2153:(1): 113–135.
2130:
2111:(1): 277–282.
2095:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:Pterosaur size
2027:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1764:Ornithocheirae
1757:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1450:Ornithocheirae
1443:
1432:
1424:Ornithocheirus
1416:Ornithocheirae
1412:Coloborhynchus
1404:Ornithocheirus
1392:(A and C) and
1381:
1380:Classification
1378:
1374:Ornithocheirus
1363:Ornithocheirus
1356:Ornithocheirus
1352:Ornithocheirus
1344:Coloborhynchus
1340:Ornithocheirus
1321:
1318:
1292:Ornithocheirus
1271:
1270:
1261:
1249:
1236:
1228:
1218:
1204:O. mesembrinus
1201:
1191:
1175:
1162:
1150:
1142:
1119:O. platyrhinus
1105:Ornithocheirus
1092:
1089:
1033:Ornithocheirus
1021:Ornithocheirus
983:Coloborhynchus
975:Ornithocheirus
945:Ornithocheirus
937:Ornithocheirus
925:Ornithocheirus
921:A. eurygnathus
913:A. platystomus
869:Ornithocheirus
865:Coloborhynchus
861:Ornithocheirus
848:back in 1872.
836:Ornithocheirus
820:O. macrorhinus
778:Ornithocheirus
764:Ornithocheirus
737:C. platystomus
729:C. eurygnathus
721:Ornithocheirus
705:Ornithocheirus
697:Coloborhynchus
688:Coloborhynchus
682:Ornithocheirus
651:O. platystomus
591:O. eurygnathus
575:O. platyrhinus
555:Ornithocheirus
517:
514:
504:Ornithocheirus
480:Ornithocheirus
469:Ornithocheirus
446:United Kingdom
422:Ornithocheirus
401:United Kingdom
381:Ornithocheirus
375:
374:
373:
372:
360:
351:
336:
335:
329:
328:
327:
326:
305:
304:
300:
299:
293:
281:
280:
274:
273:
263:Ornithocheirus
256:
252:
251:
236:
232:
231:
223:
219:
218:
210:
206:
205:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
149:
148:
145:O. platyrhinus
142:junior synonym
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
39:
36:Ornithocheirus
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7782:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7733:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7676:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7657:
7652:
7646:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7624:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7595:
7593:
7583:
7579:
7563:
7559:
7557:
7550:
7503:
7502:
7501:Maaradactylus
7498:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7472:Cearadactylus
7469:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7448:Anhanguerinae
7445:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:Siroccopteryx
7426:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7387:Tropeognathus
7384:
7382:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7372:Siroccopteryx
7369:
7366:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7321:Anhangueridae
7318:
7312:
7311:
7310:Iberodactylus
7307:
7305:
7304:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7283:
7282:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7255:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7203:Cimoliopterus
7200:
7197:
7196:
7195:Camposipterus
7192:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7166:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7145:Siroccopteryx
7142:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7082:Camposipterus
7079:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7055:
7054:
7053:Tropeognathus
7050:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7037:Cimoliopterus
7034:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7021:Camposipterus
7018:
7016:
7015:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7007:Araripesaurus
7004:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6976:
6966:
6965:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6948:Boreopteridae
6945:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6926:Cearadactylus
6923:
6921:
6920:
6916:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6886:
6885:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6877:Istiodactylus
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6770:Yixianopterus
6767:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6686:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6586:
6563:
6562:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6531:Nyctosauridae
6528:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6474:Alamodactylus
6471:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6393:Pteranodontia
6390:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6347:
6343:
6333:
6328:
6325:
6317:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6228:Wellnhopterus
6225:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6200:Hatzegopteryx
6197:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6172:Aralazhdarcho
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6043:Radiodactylus
6040:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6008:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:Apatorhamphus
5923:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5776:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5717:Tupandactylus
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:Caupedactylus
5644:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5519:Caupedactylus
5516:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:Caupedactylia
5499:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5358:Neoazhdarchia
5354:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5295:Azhdarchoidea
5291:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5239:Puntanipterus
5236:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5178:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5125:
5119:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5004:Beipiaopterus
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4960:Tacuadactylus
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4841:Forfexopterus
4838:
4836:
4835:
4834:Elanodactylus
4831:
4829:
4828:
4827:Cratonopterus
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:Cathayopterus
4817:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:Ardeadactylus
4802:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4787:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:Ardeadactylus
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4679:Cycnorhamphus
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4636:Pterodactylus
4633:
4631:
4630:
4629:Diopecephalus
4626:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4555:Prejanopterus
4552:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4507:
4502:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:Herbstosaurus
4399:
4397:
4396:
4395:Eurolimnornis
4392:
4390:
4389:
4388:Dermodactylus
4385:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4237:Caelidracones
4233:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4199:
4181:
4180:
4179:Wukongopterus
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4164:Darwinopterus
4161:
4159:
4158:
4157:Cuspicephalus
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4105:Pterorhynchus
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3961:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:Scaphognathus
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3557:Eudimorphodon
3554:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:Peteinosaurus
3514:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3467:Herbstosaurus
3464:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3438:
3437:
3436:Peteinosaurus
3433:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3399:
3398:
3397:Eudimorphodon
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3292:Preondactylia
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:Peteinosaurus
3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:Eopterosauria
3258:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3166:Preondactylus
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3150:Preondactylia
3147:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:Geodiversitas
2755:
2753:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2693:(3): 246–317.
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:Fossil Record
2507:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:Seeley, H. G.
2352:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:0-13-146308-X
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:Anhanguerinae
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1911:Anhangueridae
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1462:Anhangueridae
1459:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:Anhangueridae
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Tropeognathus
1405:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1388:Holotypes of
1386:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1369:Tropeognathus
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:Tropeognathus
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:Tropeognathus
1209:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Pterodactylus
1166:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1145:O. crassidens
1143:
1139:, Owen, 1851
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1075:(alternately
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Tropeognathus
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
965:
956:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:A. crassidens
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
876:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:
765:
761:
752:
748:
746:
742:
741:C. crassidens
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:C. sedgwickii
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:O. colorhinus
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:O. crassidens
580:
579:O. sedgwickii
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
536:
535:Pterodactylus
531:
522:
515:
513:
511:
510:
509:Tropeognathus
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:South America
435:
431:
430:North America
427:
424:from the mid-
423:
419:
418:
413:
408:
406:
403:and possibly
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
369:
364:
361:
355:
352:
346:
344:
343:Pterodactylus
340:
339:
337:
334:
330:
323:
317:
316:
309:
308:
306:
301:
296:
291:
290:
282:
279:
275:
270:
265:
264:
257:
254:
253:
248:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
221:
220:
217:
211:
208:
207:
204:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
150:
146:
143:
139:
134:
130:
125:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
47:105–100
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
18:Lithosteornis
7635:
7592:Paleontology
7553:
7499:
7494:Ludodactylus
7492:
7485:
7478:
7470:
7462:
7455:
7435:
7427:
7422:Nicorhynchus
7420:
7413:
7406:
7385:
7378:
7370:
7362:
7354:
7346:
7338:
7308:
7301:
7293:Hamipteridae
7279:
7271:
7237:
7229:
7221:
7201:
7193:
7188:Aetodactylus
7186:
7151:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7128:
7122:Ludodactylus
7120:
7112:
7104:
7096:
7088:
7080:
7074:Aetodactylus
7072:
7051:
7043:
7035:
7027:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6962:
6955:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6910:
6884:Liaoxipterus
6882:
6875:
6855:
6848:
6841:
6834:
6812:Mimodactylus
6810:
6803:
6796:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6730:
6723:
6698:
6690:Lanceodontia
6671:
6663:
6658:Lonchodectes
6656:
6648:
6640:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6518:
6511:
6504:
6479:
6472:
6447:
6439:
6432:
6426:Ornithostoma
6424:
6417:
6409:
6380:
6320:
6234:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6193:Eurazhdarcho
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6128:
6121:Azhdarchinae
6107:
6099:
6092:
6084:
6077:
6069:
6062:Azhdarchidae
6048:
6041:
6033:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5970:
5962:
5957:Meilifeilong
5955:
5948:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5900:
5875:
5867:
5859:
5851:
5843:
5836:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5742:
5735:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5693:
5669:
5661:
5653:
5645:
5637:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5594:Huaxiapterus
5592:
5585:
5579:Eopteranodon
5577:
5569:
5563:Afrotapejara
5561:
5554:Sinopterinae
5543:Afrotapejara
5541:
5517:
5510:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5426:
5418:
5410:
5388:
5383:Bennettazhia
5381:
5346:Ornithostoma
5344:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5273:
5266:
5245:
5237:
5232:Ordosipterus
5230:
5223:
5215:
5207:
5182:Tapejaroidea
5167:
5071:
5025:Pterodaustro
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4982:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4938:Huanhepterus
4936:
4931:Gnathosaurus
4929:
4911:Moganopterus
4909:
4902:
4883:Pterofiltrus
4881:
4876:Petrodactyle
4874:
4867:
4862:Liaodactylus
4860:
4855:Kepodactylus
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4803:
4770:Huanhepterus
4768:
4761:
4753:
4732:
4727:Aerodactylus
4725:
4700:
4694:Petrodactyle
4692:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4634:
4627:
4596:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4553:
4444:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4410:Kryptodrakon
4408:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4358:
4352:Jeholopterus
4350:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4308:
4301:
4295:Jeholopterus
4293:
4285:
4280:Anurognathus
4278:
4260:Mesadactylus
4258:
4223:
4215:
4177:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4127:
4103:
4096:
4085:Darwinoptera
4071:
4064:
4057:
4026:
4018:
3964:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3822:
3816:Nesodactylus
3814:
3808:Cacibupteryx
3806:
3788:Sericipterus
3786:
3778:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3727:
3720:
3715:Nesodactylus
3713:
3706:
3699:
3694:Cacibupteryx
3692:
3687:Bellubrunnus
3685:
3660:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3598:
3591:
3555:
3542:Lonchognatha
3523:
3515:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3465:
3434:
3395:
3387:
3366:
3342:
3335:
3330:Pachagnathus
3328:
3320:
3290:
3282:
3276:Austriadraco
3274:
3240:
3235:Austriadraco
3233:
3225:
3204:
3197:
3189:
3164:
3157:
3137:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2927:
2923:
2890:
2886:
2842:
2836:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2743:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2677:
2669:
2659:
2645:
2625:
2600:
2596:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2429:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2368:
2364:
2351:
2343:
2338:
2301:
2295:
2271:
2261:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2183:
2177:
2150:
2146:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2042:
2004:
1954:
1939:
1923:
1922:
1887:
1886:
1870:
1869:
1858:Hamipteridae
1825:
1810:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1694:
1693:
1677:
1676:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1629:
1628:
1564:
1563:
1547:
1546:
1523:
1522:
1499:
1498:
1475:
1474:
1438:
1437:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1258:, Owen 1859
1255:
1252:O. sedgwicki
1251:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1203:
1199:Neotheropoda
1194:
1185:
1178:O. giganteus
1177:
1174:, Owen, 1874
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:nomina dubia
1112:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1084:
1080:
1077:Lonchodectes
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1051:, then as a
1048:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1006:Lonchodectes
1005:
997:
994:Criorhynchus
993:
990:Criorhynchus
989:
982:
974:
968:
961:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:. The genus
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:Lonchodectes
884:
883:. The genus
878:
874:Lonchodectes
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:Criorhynchus
856:
850:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:O. diomedeus
807:
801:
798:O. giganteus
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
767:
763:
759:
757:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
717:Criorhynchus
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:Criorhynchus
692:
686:
681:
678:Richard Owen
673:
671:
667:type species
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:O. oxyrhinus
566:
563:O. woodwardi
562:
558:
554:
540:
533:
527:
507:
503:
479:
477:
468:
464:
462:
453:
449:
441:
421:
416:
415:
412:type species
409:
389:
385:
380:
379:
378:
362:
353:
341:
314:
313:
288:
287:
278:Type species
262:
261:
144:
137:
136:Holotype of
35:
29:
7660:Wikispecies
7380:Thapunngaka
7340:Amblydectes
7259:Anhangueria
7223:Aussiedraco
6957:Boreopterus
6732:Lonchodraco
6665:Lonchodraco
6608:Aussiedraco
6554:Nyctosaurus
6411:Bogolubovia
6079:Bogolubovia
5950:Lacusovagus
5942:Eoazhdarcho
5902:Eoazhdarcho
5861:Leptostomia
5853:Keresdrakon
5728:Caiuajarina
5695:Bakonydraco
5663:Lacusovagus
5655:Keresdrakon
5626:Tapejarinae
5587:Huaxiadraco
5571:Bakonydraco
5530:Tapejaridae
5459:Leptostomia
5451:Lacusovagus
5444:Kariridraco
5390:Keresdrakon
5331:Leptostomia
5323:Keresdrakon
4984:Ctenochasma
4946:Lusognathus
4869:Otogopterus
4524:Lophocratia
4457:Lophocratia
4424:Pangupterus
4360:Sinomacrops
3701:Dorygnathus
3570:Novialoidea
3525:Rhamphinion
3502:Dimorphodon
3177:Caviramidae
3121:Pterosauria
3108:Pterosauria
3071:Pterosauria
3010:Archosauria
2971:Pterosauria
1848:Anhangueria
1749:Topology 2:
1439:Topology 1:
1320:Description
1309:O. buenzeli
1296:Cimoliornis
1265:wiedenrothi
1227:, Owen 1869
1215:mesembrinus
1037:David Unwin
909:Amblydectes
905:L. daviesii
880:Amblydectes
828:O. umbrosus
786:O. daviesii
772:. In 1888,
655:O. microdon
639:O. polyodon
615:O. dentatus
235:Subfamily:
203:Pterosauria
7749:Categories
7457:Anhanguera
7348:Ferrodraco
7303:Hamipterus
7231:Barbosania
7106:Ferrodraco
7098:Draigwenia
6933:Hamipterus
6912:Barbosania
6857:Nurhachius
6725:Ikrandraco
6700:Draigwenia
6650:Ikrandraco
6615:Serradraco
6561:Volgadraco
6449:Volgadraco
6441:Tethydraco
6434:Pteranodon
6292:see below↓
6186:Cryodrakon
6109:Volgadraco
6101:Tethydraco
6000:Jidapterus
5964:Microtuban
5802:Microtuban
5703:Europejara
5682:Tapejarini
5671:Vectidraco
5608:Sinopterus
5225:Noripterus
5094:see below↓
5018:Gegepterus
5011:Eosipterus
4466:see below↓
4446:Wenupteryx
4337:Cascocauda
3916:see below↓
3344:Yelaphomte
3080:see below↓
3001:Sauropsida
2893:(3–4): 1.
2715:Palaeornis
2274:: 112–128.
2052:References
1314:O. bunzeli
1304:Palaeornis
1221:O. nobilis
1210:, 1987) =
1208:Wellnhofer
1184:, 1879) =
1153:O. cuvieri
970:Anhanguera
841:Pteranodon
832:O. harpyia
824:O. hlavaci
812:O. nobilis
794:O. validus
769:O. bunzeli
713:C. cuvieri
663:O. huxleyi
635:O. nasutus
631:O. fittoni
599:O. cuvieri
571:O. carteri
428:period of
426:Cretaceous
358:Owen, 1874
349:Owen, 1861
209:Suborder:
7408:Aerodraco
6850:Luchibang
6798:Haopterus
6520:Simurghia
6513:Epapatelo
6481:Cretornis
6419:Dawndraco
6145:Azhdarcho
6138:Albadraco
6130:Aerotitan
6050:Alanqidae
5828:Alanqidae
5794:Cretornis
5744:Torukjara
5737:Caiuajara
5474:Tupuxuara
5412:Aerotitan
5316:Inabtanin
4904:Feilongus
4303:Luopterus
4020:Allkaruen
3647:Klobiodon
3487:Allkaruen
3322:Caviramus
3199:Caviramus
2987:Kingdom:
2869:249332375
2828:131376979
2617:128410270
2603:: 23–36.
2555:CiteSeerX
2464:0374-5481
2385:219235284
2272:Cambridge
2253:0374-5481
2125:197536660
2090:214542129
1398:(B and D)
1300:Cretornis
1195:hilsensis
1165:O. curtus
1087:instead.
816:O. curtus
803:O. clifti
733:C. capito
587:O. capito
551:Cambridge
394:pterosaur
176:Kingdom:
170:Eukaryota
7680:52570582
7645:Wikidata
7480:Guidraco
7364:Mythunga
7356:Haliskia
7130:Mythunga
7114:Guidraco
7045:Haliskia
6622:Unwindia
5972:Xericeps
5877:Xericeps
5809:Xericeps
5710:Tapejara
5481:Xericeps
5436:Banguela
5209:Banguela
4438:Samrukia
4098:Ceoptera
2995:Chordata
2993:Phylum:
2989:Animalia
2930:, 1–15.
2907:84617119
2781:56002643
2634:Archived
2577:86710955
2359:(1881).
2330:23794925
2169:23538956
2014:See also
1755:(2019).
1390:O. simus
1239:O. simus
1123:O. simus
1109:O. simus
1069:O. simus
1065:O. simus
1025:O. simus
1002:holotype
949:O. simus
941:P. simus
851:In 1914
760:O. simus
745:C. reedi
659:O. oweni
595:O. reedi
559:O. simus
465:O. simus
463:Because
442:O. simus
333:Synonyms
315:O. simus
303:Species
222:Family:
190:Chordata
186:Phylum:
180:Animalia
166:Domain:
138:O. simus
7719:4947098
7706:1091656
7693:4818486
7651:Q131373
7616:Morocco
7578:Portals
6506:Alcione
5615:Wightia
2999:Class:
2808:Bibcode
2719:cliftii
2547:Bibcode
2321:3689139
2302:ZooKeys
1766:
1618:
1464:
1452:
488:England
458:Morocco
405:Morocco
392:) is a
324:, 1861)
255:Genus:
196:Order:
116:↓
6071:Alanqa
5838:Alanqa
5420:Alanqa
4028:Sordes
3895:Sordes
2905:
2867:
2857:
2826:
2779:
2664:20–45.
2615:
2575:
2557:
2462:
2383:
2328:
2318:
2251:
2190:
2167:
2123:
2088:
2005:
1762:
1753:et al.
1751:Pêgas
1614:
1460:
1448:
1422:found
1420:et al.
1284:, and
1172:curtus
964:Brazil
891:, and
500:Brazil
492:Albian
440:, but
434:Europe
370:, 1870
368:Seeley
297:, 1861
271:, 1869
269:Seeley
249:, 1870
247:Seeley
7732:38500
7701:IRMNG
5169:Piksi
3765:Dearc
3024:Clade
3015:Clade
3006:Clade
2903:S2CID
2865:S2CID
2824:S2CID
2777:S2CID
2757:(PDF)
2683:(PDF)
2613:S2CID
2573:S2CID
2381:S2CID
2121:S2CID
2086:S2CID
2036:Notes
1263:"O."
1193:"O."
834:into
454:simus
397:genus
345:simus
7688:GBIF
3057:see
2855:ISBN
2460:ISSN
2326:PMID
2249:ISSN
2188:ISBN
2165:PMID
1346:and
1246:type
1182:Owen
1083:and
985:and
919:and
877:and
830:and
822:and
743:and
711:and
691:and
661:and
452:cf.
436:and
390:hand
386:bird
322:Owen
295:Owen
55:PreꞒ
7675:EoL
2895:doi
2891:103
2847:doi
2816:doi
2804:148
2798:".
2769:doi
2731:doi
2691:314
2605:doi
2565:doi
2543:217
2518:doi
2452:doi
2373:doi
2316:PMC
2306:doi
2241:doi
2155:doi
2113:doi
2078:doi
2074:110
1055:by
1035:by
859:to
844:by
549:in
498:of
486:of
7751::
7729::
7716::
7703::
7690::
7677::
7662::
7647::
3026::
3017::
3008::
2915:^
2901:.
2889:.
2877:^
2863:.
2853:.
2822:.
2814:.
2802:.
2775:.
2765:34
2763:.
2759:.
2727:30
2725:.
2717:"
2689:.
2685:.
2611:.
2601:75
2599:.
2585:^
2571:.
2563:.
2553:.
2541:.
2512:.
2508:.
2458:.
2448:13
2446:.
2442:.
2421:12
2419:.
2379:.
2369:37
2367:.
2363:.
2324:.
2314:.
2300:.
2280:^
2270:.
2247:.
2235:.
2231:.
2202:^
2163:.
2151:85
2149:.
2145:.
2133:^
2119:.
2109:29
2107:.
2084:.
2072:.
1278:,
1125:.
1016:.
1000:,
951:.
915:,
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
800:,
796:,
792:,
788:,
784:,
747:.
739:,
735:,
731:,
715:.
707::
695:.
669:.
657:,
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
637:,
633:,
629:,
625:,
621:,
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
597:,
593:,
589:,
585:,
581:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
565:,
561:,
512:.
475:.
460:.
450:O.
432:,
414:,
407:.
147:)
105:Pg
49:Ma
44:,
7580::
7475:?
7467:?
7432:?
7400:?
7375:?
7367:?
7359:?
7351:?
7343:?
7332:?
7295:?
7284:?
7276:?
7234:?
7226:?
7198:?
7171:?
7156:?
7148:?
7133:?
7125:?
7117:?
7109:?
7101:?
7093:?
7085:?
7077:?
7056:?
7048:?
7040:?
7032:?
7024:?
6780:?
6703:?
6676:?
6668:?
6653:?
6645:?
6564:?
6484:?
6452:?
6444:?
6429:?
6414:?
6231:?
6133:?
6112:?
6104:?
6089:?
6074:?
6053:?
6038:?
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5967:?
5945:?
5937:?
5929:?
5880:?
5872:?
5864:?
5856:?
5848:?
5830:?
5819:?
5797:?
5698:?
5666:?
5658:?
5650:?
5642:?
5582:?
5574:?
5566:?
5504:?
5484:?
5462:?
5454:?
5439:?
5431:?
5423:?
5415:?
5404:?
5393:?
5334:?
5326:?
5250:?
5242:?
5220:?
5212:?
5172:?
5076:?
4941:?
4896:?
4808:?
4773:?
4758:?
4737:?
4705:?
4697:?
4689:?
4674:?
4601:?
4593:?
4578:?
4441:?
4405:?
4355:?
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4298:?
4290:?
4220:?
4174:?
4152:?
4076:?
4031:?
4023:?
3898:?
3859:?
3849:?
3819:?
3811:?
3783:?
3775:?
3665:?
3657:?
3642:?
3560:?
3544:?
3528:?
3520:?
3512:?
3490:?
3439:?
3423:?
3392:?
3371:?
3325:?
3295:?
3287:?
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3230:?
3209:?
3194:?
3179:?
2963:e
2956:t
2949:v
2909:.
2897::
2871:.
2849::
2830:.
2818::
2810::
2783:.
2771::
2737:.
2733::
2653:.
2619:.
2607::
2579:.
2567::
2549::
2526:.
2520::
2514:3
2466:.
2454::
2387:.
2375::
2332:.
2308::
2255:.
2243::
2237:5
2229:"
2225:"
2196:.
2171:.
2157::
2127:.
2115::
2092:.
2080::
1248:)
1244:(
1206:(
1180:(
320:(
311:†
285:†
259:†
239:†
226:†
213:†
200:†
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:Ꞓ
20:)
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