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stones which composed the wall did all of them joyn close together so as to touch each other, and the dore was on the west side thereof, next the road." Stukeley produced several illustrations of the site, which were published posthumously. One, produced in
October 1722 and used as the basis for a public plate, includes Little Kit's Coty House as a cove in the foreground, while Kit's Coty House — including its barrow — can be seen in the background. However, his depiction of the monument differs in these two illustrations, rendering their accuracy unreliable. Also causing issues is that in Stukeley's illustrations, the chamber entrance is not at the western end, as Ayleway claimed it was.
363:". These long barrows often served as tombs, housing the physical remains of the dead within their chamber. Individuals were rarely buried alone in the Early Neolithic, instead being interred in collective burials with other members of their community. These chambered tombs were built all along the Western European seaboard during the Early Neolithic, from southeastern Spain up to southern Sweden, taking in most of the British Isles; the architectural tradition was introduced to Britain from continental Europe in the first half of the fourth millennium BCE. Although there are stone buildings—like
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593:, written over the course of 1663 to 1693. In this manuscript, he quoted from a letter sent to him by Dr Thomas Gale, the Master of St Paul's School in London. In the letter, Gale reported that "In the field next to this nearer to Ailsford, are 13 or 14 great stones; seven standing, all covered with one large stone, the rest are fallen down. The people call this also Kit's Coty-house." Aubrey's book was not published until several centuries later, and it is possible that the site was further damaged in the years following Gale's letter.
344:
56:
639:, describing it as a "fallen cromlech" and noting that there were various other megaliths scattered in the vicinity, suggesting that these were part of the monument or another like it, since destroyed. In 1907, F. J. Bennett published a "Sketch Plan of the Countless Stones", and in 1908 George Clinch published a photograph of it. Clinch's photograph features the substantial trees located near the site which were still extant in the 1930s but were later removed. In his 1924 publication dealing with Kent, the archaeologist
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49:
616:. His publication included an engraving of the site; Ashbee later noted that this illustration was "romanticised". Hasted's suggestion was that the site had been damaged by treasure hunters. Later that century, mention of Little Kit's Coty House was also made in the published work of W. H. Ireland, and John Thorpe. Thorpe added the suggestion that the monument had been destroyed so that its stones could be used for dockyard paving. In an 1824 issue of the
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House. He disputed both Hasted and Thorpe's ideas about how the monument had been destroyed, suggesting that instead a sepulchral cavity had given way, after which the impact of the weather brought the chamber crashing down. In 1871, Edwin Dunkin published a plan of the site; his differed from that of Rudge, perhaps reflecting the changes that had occurred at the site in the intervening period.
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when the monument was viewed from the east, it became clear that the stones had fallen to the north from their original positions. He believed that if the site were fully excavated, the holes in which the sarsen stones originally stood could might be identified, allowing for the chamber to be reconstructed in a manner similar to that at
Chestnuts Long Barrow.
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reminiscent of the megalithic tomb-shrine traditions of continental
Northern Europe, and emphasised that the Medway Megaliths were a regional manifestation of a tradition widespread across Early Neolithic Europe. He nevertheless stressed that a precise place of origin was "impossible to indicate" with the available evidence.
375:, they constitute the most southeasterly group of megalithic monuments in the British Isles, and the only megalithic group in eastern England. The archaeologists Brian Philp and Mike Dutto deemed the Medway Megaliths to be "some of the most interesting and well known" archaeological sites in Kent, while the archaeologist
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in south-western
Britain—there are also various idiosyncrasies in the different monuments, such as Coldrum's rectilinear shape, the Chestnut Long Barrow's facade, and the long, thin mounds at Addington and Kit's Coty. These variations might have been caused by the tombs being altered and adapted over
623:
It is in the 1840s that several brief references to the site appeared which first called it the
Countless Stones. In the early 1840s, the Reverend Beale Post conducted investigations into the Medway Megaliths, writing them up in a manuscript that was left unpublished; this included Little Kit's Coty
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believed that the countless stones motif would only have been applied to the site after the chamber had been toppled, something he suggested had occurred around 1690. Grinsell noted that as of the mid-twentieth century, that folklore was still extant, citing the discovery of numbers written in chalk
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noted that the tombs would have served as one of various landscape markers that conveyed information on "territory, political allegiance, ownership, and ancestors". Many archaeologists have subscribed to the idea that these tomb-shrines were territorial markers between different tribes; others have
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that venerated the spirits of the dead, believing that they could intercede with the forces of nature for the benefit of their living descendants. The archaeologist Robin
Holgate stressed that rather than simply being tombs, the Medway Megaliths were "communal monuments fulfilling a social function
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All the surviving megalithic tombs from the Early
Neolithic period have suffered from neglect and the ravages of agriculture. Little Kit's Coty House has been damaged on more than one occasion. In 1773, Douglas was told that a farmer had dismantled the monument to use its stones for road metal but
520:
suggested that the construction of these monuments reflects an attempt to mark control and ownership over the land, thus reflecting a change in mindset brought about by the transition from the hunter-gatherer
Mesolithic to the pastoralist Early Neolithic. Others have suggested that these monuments
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The sarsens found at Little Kit's Coty House are among the largest known from the Medway
Megaliths. Using their measurements as a basis, Ashbee proposed that the chamber would have been 5.2 metres (17 ft) long, 2.4 metres (8 ft) wide, and 2.7 metres (9 ft) high. He suggested that,
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In 2005, Philp and Dutto noted that there were about 21 stones at the site. Jessup called it a "confused group", while the archaeologist
Timothy Champion termed it "a jumble". Many of these would have once formed part of a chamber at the eastern end of a long, rectangular earthen mound. Philp and
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instead believed that the same evidence showed an influence from Scandinavia. John H. Evans instead suggested an origin in Germany, and Ronald F. Jessup thought that their origins could be seen in the Cotswold-Severn megalithic group. Ashbee noted that their close clustering in the same area was
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societies, although it is unclear to what extent this can be attributed to an influx of migrants or to indigenous Mesolithic Britons adopting agricultural technologies from the continent. The region of modern Kent would have been key for the arrival of continental European settlers and visitors,
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visited the area in 1722. At this point the stones had already been pulled down; from a letter sent to him that year by Hercules Ayleway it appears that the chamber was dismantled around thirty years prior. Ayleway had written that "I have been informed by some who remember it standing that the
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Jessup believed that it was "impossible to trace the form of the original structure". Ashbee thought it might have once been "one of the more massive" of the Medway Megaliths, with Champion concurring, suggesting that the long barrow would have been at least 20 metres (66 ft) in width and
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The Medway long barrows all conformed to the same general design plan, and are all aligned on an east to west axis. Each had a stone chamber at the eastern end of the mound, and they each probably had a stone facade flanking the entrance. They had internal heights of up to 3.0 metres (10 feet),
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Although now all in a ruinous state and not retaining their original appearance, at the time of construction the Medway Megaliths would have been some of the largest and most visually imposing Early Neolithic funerary monuments in Britain. Grouped along the River Medway as it cuts through the
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The people who built these monuments were probably influenced by pre-existing tomb-shrines that they were already aware of. Whether those people had grown up locally, or moved into the Medway area from elsewhere is not known. Based on a stylistic analysis of their architectural designs, the
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and White Horse Stone, may also have been parts of such structures. It is not known if they were all built at the same time, or whether they were constructed in succession, while similarly it is not known if they each served the same function or whether there was a hierarchy in their usage.
620:, a note on the site was published by Edward Rudge. He included an illustration of the site. Describing the site as "a Druidical monument consisting of five or six cromlechs", he added that digging beneath one of the stones had revealed human bone and armour.
434:
These common architectural features among the Medway Megaliths indicate a strong regional cohesion with no direct parallels elsewhere in the British Isles. Nevertheless, as with other regional groupings of Early Neolithic long barrows—such as the
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Little Kit's Coty House is also known as Lower Kits Coty, and as the Countless Stones. The site is enclosed in iron railings and permanently open to visitors. It is approximately 460 metres (500 yd) south of another of the Medway Megaliths,
569:. Research conducted among these Druids in 2014 revealed that some Druidic activity had taken place at Little Kit's Coty House but that at least one Druid disliked performing rituals there because of the noise produced by nearby power cables.
235:. The name is derived from the belief that the chaotic pile of stones from the collapsed tomb were uncountable and various stories are told about the fate of those who tried. Another nearby site that may have been Neolithic is at
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Britain's Early Neolithic communities placed greater emphasis on the ritual burial of the dead than their Mesolithic forebears. Archaeologists have suggested that this is because Early Neolithic Britons adhered to an
331:. Throughout most of Britain, there is little evidence of cereal or permanent dwellings from this period, leading archaeologists to believe that the island's Early Neolithic economy was largely
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argued that such markers would be of little use to a nomadic herding society. Instead it has been suggested that they represent markers along herding pathways. The archaeologist
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In Britain, these tombs were typically located on prominent hills and slopes overlooking the landscape, perhaps at the junction between different territories. The archaeologist
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Archaeological evaluation trenching in 1989 found no clear evidence of any surrounding quarry ditch which would normally have been excavated to provide material for a covering
1790:
635:. In 1897, the site was declared a protected monument, two years after Kit's Coty House had. Meanwhile, in 1893, the antiquarian George Payne mentioned the monument in his
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Dutto believed that some of the stones were from the long barrow's chamber and others from its façade, adding that it was "just possible" to suggest which is which.
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to the east, with the distance between the two clusters measuring at between 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). The western group includes
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A plan of Little Kit's Coty produced by the antiquarian William Stukeley; it reflects his own proposed reconstruction of what the monument originally looked like
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The construction of long barrows and related funerary monuments took place in various parts of Europe during the Early Neolithic (known distribution pictured)
359:
which had a chamber built into one end. Some of these chambers were constructed out of timber, although others were built using large stones, now known as "
85:
577:
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Across Western Europe, the Early Neolithic marked the first period in which humans built monumental structures in the landscape. These structures included
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building that was widespread across Neolithic Europe, Kit's Coty House belongs to a localised regional variant of barrows produced in the vicinity of the
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epoch. Early Neolithic builders would have selected blocks from the local area, and then transported them to the site of the monument to be erected.
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550:—a local belief that the Lower Kit's Coty House and Kit's Coty House were erected in memory of two contending kings of Kent who died in battle.
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for the communities who built and used them". Thus, it has been suggested that Early Neolithic people entered into the tombs—which doubled as
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in modern Turkey—which predate them, the chambered long barrows constitute humanity's first widespread tradition of construction using stone.
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239:. There are between 19 and 21 stones depending on the authority. They were pushed over in the seventeenth century seemingly before any
327:, supports the idea that the area was still largely forested in the Early Neolithic, covered by a woodland of oak, ash, hazel/alder and
1833:
1779:
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Wysocki, Michael; Griffiths, Seren; Hedges, Robert; Bayliss, Alex; Higham, Tom; Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda; Whittle, Alasdair (2013).
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In 1994, a pipe trench was cut alongside the site, during which evidence of a ditch below ploughsoil and hillwash was found.
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647:, listed Lower Kit's Coty House alongside the other Medway Megaliths, like Bennett referring to it as the Countless Stones.
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possibly over 90 metres (300 ft) in length. The mound may have been encircled by a ditch, since filled in by hillwash.
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The Medway Megaliths can be divided into two separate clusters: one to the west of the River Medway and the other on
631:. He communicated with the landowner, H. A. Brassey, who believed that both sites should be protected under the new
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In 1782, Edward Hasted published details of the site, perhaps drawn from information supplied by William Boys of
2232:
Collectanea Cantiana: Or, Archæological Researches in the Neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, and Otherparts of Kent
1899:
Doyle White, Ethan (2016). "Old Stones, New Rites: Contemporary Pagan Interactions with the Medway Megaliths".
1751:
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427:, a dense, hard, and durable stone that occurs naturally throughout Kent, having formed out of sand from the
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In 1722, the antiquarian Hercules Ayleway noted—in a letter written to his friend, the fellow antiquarian
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making them taller than most other chambered long barrows in Britain. The chambers were constructed from
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504:—to perform rituals honouring the dead and requesting their assistance. For this reason, the historian
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described them as "the most grandiose and impressive structures of their kind in southern England".
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403:
387:
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221:
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1941:
Evans, John H. (1946). "Notes on the Folklore and Legends Associated with the Kentish Megaliths".
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1958:
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to Britain from continental Europe. Although representing part of an architectural tradition of
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Britain was then largely forested; widespread forest clearance did not occur in Kent until the
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One of the two illustrations of Little Kit's Coty produced by the antiquarian William Stukeley
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1950:
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1793:(Report). Oxford: Oxford Wessex Archaeology Joint Venture (London and Continental Railways).
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2248:
Piggott, Stuart (1935). "A Note on the Relative Chronology of the English Long Barrows".
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The Early Neolithic was a revolutionary period of British history. Between 4500 and 3800
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thought that the plan behind the Medway Megaliths had originated in the area around the
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the course of their use; in this scenario, the monuments would be composite structures.
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religions are practised at the Medway Megaliths, the most publicly visible of which is
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232:
1789:
Barclay, Alistair; Fitzpatrick, Andrew P.; Hayden, Chris; Stafford, Elizabeth (2006).
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Ashbee, Paul (1993b). "William Stukeley, the Kit's Coty House and his Coves: A Note".
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2296:"Dates, Diet and Dismemberment: Evidence from the Coldrum Megalithic Monument, Kent"
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In 1883, both this site and Kit's Coty House were visited by the archaeologist
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attempted to reconstruct the damaged tomb in plan in the eighteenth century.
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283:, it saw a widespread change in lifestyle as the communities living in the
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referenced a range of prehistoric sites across Britain in his manuscript,
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were built on sites already deemed sacred by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers.
2152:
The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
2069:
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
1843:
Champion, Timothy (2007). "Prehistoric Kent". In John H. Williams (ed.).
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320:
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2010:
Garwood, P. (2012). "The Medway Valley Prehistoric Landscapes Project".
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on the eastern side of the river. Three further surviving long barrows,
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1962:
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1847:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press and Kent County Council. pp. 67–133.
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termed these monuments "tomb-shrines" to reflect their dual purpose.
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428:
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2147:
2201:
Menefee, S.P. (1975). "The 'Countless Stones': A Final Reckoning".
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Dunkin, E. H. W. (1871). "On the Megalithic Remains in Mid-Kent".
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315:(c.1000 to 700 BCE). Environmental data from the vicinity of the
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stones it is thought to have been a tomb similar to that of the
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2141:. Vol. 130. Kent Archaeological Society. pp. 339–349.
1791:
The Prehistoric Landscape at White Horse Stone, Aylesford, Kent
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1472:
1176:
1164:
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1800:
Ightham: The Story of a Kentish Village and its Surroundings
2132:"Neolithic Landscape and Experience: The Medway Megaliths"
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The stones of Little Kit's Coty House as they now appear
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267:. It is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of
643:, then working as the archaeological officer for the
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as their primary form of subsistence, abandoning the
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period of British prehistory, today it survives in a
1862:
Clinch, G. (1908). "Kentish Megalithic Structures".
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530:that the stones proved too large for this purpose.
418:
Map of the Medway Megaliths around the River Medway
131:
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116:
79:
71:
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2243:(third ed.). Kent: Kent Archaeological Trust.
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1873:The Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of England and Wales
184:have established that the monument was built by
2092:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
2073:. Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, U.S.: Blackwell.
2012:PAST: The Newsletter of the Prehistoric Society
295:lifestyle that had characterised the preceding
1972:"A Disciple of the Druids; the Beale Post Mss"
304:because of its position on the estuary of the
188:communities shortly after the introduction of
2337:
534:Folklore, folk tradition, and modern Paganism
299:period. This came about through contact with
271:, and is signposted from the Rochester Road.
8:
1732:"The Medway Megaliths in a European Context"
573:Antiquarian and archaeological investigation
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1812:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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720:
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27:
20:
2311:
2044:"The Medway Megaliths and Neolithic Kent"
2025:Folklore of Prehistoric Sites in Britain
1875:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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2352:Early Neolithic long barrows in Britain
2057:. Kent Archaeological Society: 221–234.
1985:. Kent Archaeological Society: 130–139.
1765:. Kent Archaeological Society: 319–345.
1745:. Kent Archaeological Society: 269–284.
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2300:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
2250:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
2209:(3–4). The Folklore Society: 146–166.
1864:Victoria County History: Kent Volume I
1805:
1752:"The Medway's Megalithic Long Barrows"
1712:. Kent Archaeological Society: 57–112.
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162:in the southeastern English county of
2005:. Kent Archaeological Society: 63–81.
1828:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1725:. Kent Archaeological Society: 17–24.
1699:"The Medway Megaliths in Perspective"
1624:
1580:
1239:
633:Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882
7:
2256:. The Prehistoric Society: 115–126.
1432:
1348:
1332:
308:and its proximity to the continent.
2186:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus.
2239:Philp, Brian; Dutto, Mike (2005).
2148:"On a Rude Stone Monument in Kent"
1949:(1). The Folklore Society: 36–43.
224:, are located west of the Medway.
14:
1845:The Archaeology of Kent to AD 800
553:The archaeologist and folklorist
204:. Of these, it lies near to both
1880:Doel, Fran; Doel, Geoff (2003).
398:. The eastern group consists of
54:
47:
2027:. London: David & Charles.
2018:. The Prehistoric Society: 1–3.
469:The stones of Little Kit's Coty
158:located near to the village of
2597:English Heritage sites in Kent
2279:"Proceedings of the Committee"
2234:. London: Mitchell and Hughes.
355:, rectangular or oval earthen
1:
2306:. Prehistoric Society: 1–30.
2215:10.1080/0015587x.1975.9716017
2184:Neolithic Britain and Ireland
2115:. London: Thames and Hudson.
1955:10.1080/0015587x.1946.9717805
1913:10.1080/17432200.2016.1192152
452:, while fellow archaeologist
2582:Archaeological sites in Kent
2561:Preston Candover Long Barrow
2457:Thickthorn Down Long Barrows
2401:Stoney Littleton Long Barrow
2023:Grinsell, Leslie V. (1976).
243:interest was taken in them.
227:Now a jumble of half-buried
2447:The Grey Mare and her Colts
319:, a putatively prehistoric
2618:
2527:Jacket's Field Long Barrow
2283:The Archaeological Journal
2107:Jessup, Ronald F. (1970).
2262:10.1017/s0079497x00022246
1871:Daniel, Glynn E. (1950).
1772:Kent in Prehistoric Times
558:on the different stones.
42:
38:
26:
2537:Shrub's Wood Long Barrow
1992:"Kentish Megalith Types"
101:51.3159675°N 0.5013867°E
2587:Stone Age sites in Kent
2545:Badshot Lea Long Barrow
2509:Little Kit's Coty House
2426:West Kennet Long Barrow
2088:Hutton, Ronald (2013).
2042:Holgate, Robin (1981).
1990:Evans, John H. (1950).
1970:Evans, John H. (1949).
1798:Bennett, F. J. (1907).
525:Damage and dilapidation
461:Design and construction
144:Little Kit's Coty House
22:Little Kit's Coty House
2553:Long Burgh Long Barrow
2396:Nympsfield Long Barrow
2230:Payne, George (1893).
2130:Killick, Sian (2010).
995:Philp & Dutto 2005
721:Philp & Dutto 2005
702:Philp & Dutto 2005
609:
582:
543:
470:
419:
353:chambered long barrows
348:
148:Lower Kit's Coty House
75:Lower Kit's Coty House
2592:Tonbridge and Malling
2489:Chestnuts Long Barrow
2484:Addington Long Barrow
2366:Cotswold-Severn Group
2139:Archaeologia Cantiana
2051:Archaeologia Cantiana
1999:Archaeologia Cantiana
1979:Archaeologia Cantiana
1770:Ashbee, Paul (2005).
1759:Archaeologia Cantiana
1750:Ashbee, Paul (2000).
1739:Archaeologia Cantiana
1730:Ashbee, Paul (1999).
1719:Archaeologia Cantiana
1706:Archaeologia Cantiana
1697:Ashbee, Paul (1993).
607:
580:
542:Closeup of the stones
541:
468:
437:Cotswold-Severn group
417:
396:Chestnuts Long Barrow
392:Addington Long Barrow
346:
218:Chestnuts Long Barrow
214:Addington Long Barrow
170:4000 BCE, during the
156:chambered long barrow
106:51.3159675; 0.5013867
72:Alternative name
2391:Notgrove Long Barrow
2241:The Medway Megaliths
2146:Lewis, A.L. (1878).
1449:Doel & Doel 2003
1147:, pp. 325–326;
1091:, pp. 223, 225.
902:, pp. 103–104;
637:Collectanea Cantiana
629:Augustus Pitt Rivers
618:Gentleman's Magazine
591:Monumenta Britannica
301:continental European
2532:Julliberrie's Grave
2499:Coldrum Long Barrow
2386:Lugbury Long Barrow
2381:Parc Cwm long cairn
2313:10.1017/ppr.2013.10
1866:. pp. 318–320.
1627:, pp. 126–127.
1363:, pp. 106–107.
1307:, pp. 110–111.
1177:Wysocki et al. 2013
1165:Wysocki et al. 2013
1030:Wysocki et al. 2013
959:Wysocki et al. 2013
801:Barclay et al. 2006
789:Barclay et al. 2006
767:, pp. 230–231.
486:Meaning and purpose
388:Coldrum Long Barrow
222:Coldrum Long Barrow
200:, now known as the
97: /
23:
2602:Barrows in England
2558:Hampshire Barrows:
2431:Whispering Knights
2111:South-East England
1884:. Stroud: Tempus.
1774:. Stroud: Tempus.
1024:, pp. 60–61;
815:, pp. 73–74;
610:
583:
544:
471:
420:
349:
2569:
2568:
2519:White Horse Stone
2514:Smythe's Megalith
2436:Dartmoor Barrows:
2193:978-0-7524-1442-3
2080:978-0-631-17288-8
2034:978-0-7153-7241-8
1901:Material Religion
1891:978-0-7524-2628-0
1826:Rites of the Gods
1643:, pp. 81–82.
1513:, pp. 79–80.
1423:, pp. 39–40.
1387:, pp. 42–43.
1242:, pp. 77−80.
1048:, pp. 76–77.
803:, pp. 25–26.
755:, pp. 34–35.
735:, pp. 16–17.
641:O. G. S. Crawford
400:Smythe's Megalith
317:White Horse Stone
258:Name and location
141:
140:
63:Shown within Kent
16:Dolmen in England
2609:
2504:Kit's Coty House
2479:Medway Megaliths
2421:Wayland's Smithy
2416:Uley Long Barrow
2346:
2339:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2290:
2273:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2197:
2180:Malone, Caroline
2175:
2142:
2136:
2126:
2114:
2103:
2099:978-0-300-197716
2084:
2072:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2019:
2006:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1937:
1924:
1895:
1882:Folklore of Kent
1876:
1867:
1858:
1839:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1713:
1703:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1650:
1644:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1606:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1514:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1482:
1479:Doyle White 2016
1476:
1467:
1461:
1452:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1158:
1152:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1055:
1049:
1039:
1033:
1019:
1013:
1007:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
928:
922:
916:
907:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
864:
858:
852:
842:
836:
826:
820:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
705:
691:
685:
679:
598:William Stukeley
596:The antiquarian
585:The antiquarian
548:William Stukeley
404:Kit's Coty House
339:Medway Megaliths
265:Kit's Coty House
245:William Stukeley
206:Kit's Coty House
202:Medway Megaliths
152:Countless Stones
146:, also known as
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
58:
57:
51:
31:
24:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2550:Sussex Barrows:
2542:Surrey Barrows:
2466:
2444:Dorset Barrows:
2439:Spinsters' Rock
2353:
2350:
2320:
2293:
2277:Wright (1844).
2276:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2200:
2194:
2178:
2164:10.2307/2841379
2145:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2106:
2100:
2087:
2081:
2061:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2009:
1994:
1989:
1974:
1969:
1940:
1927:
1898:
1892:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1842:
1836:
1820:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1754:
1749:
1734:
1729:
1716:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:, p. 319;
1651:
1647:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1607:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1455:
1447:, p. 124;
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1331:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:, p. 225;
1159:
1155:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1068:
1060:, p. 101;
1056:
1052:
1044:, p. 101;
1040:
1036:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
969:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:, p. 225;
929:
925:
917:
910:
898:
894:
886:
882:
874:
867:
859:
855:
843:
839:
827:
823:
811:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
763:
759:
751:, p. 272;
743:
739:
731:
727:
719:
708:
700:, p. 328;
696:, p. 100;
692:
688:
680:
665:
661:
656:
645:Ordnance Survey
575:
555:Leslie Grinsell
536:
527:
518:Richard Bradley
513:Caroline Malone
488:
463:
341:
313:Late Bronze Age
293:hunter-gatherer
277:
260:
172:Early Neolithic
136:Early Neolithic
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
59:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2615:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:Stour Barrows:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2371:Arthur's Stone
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2291:
2274:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2198:
2192:
2176:
2143:
2127:
2121:
2104:
2098:
2085:
2079:
2063:Hutton, Ronald
2059:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1987:
1967:
1938:
1925:
1907:(3): 346–372.
1896:
1890:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1835:978-0460043137
1834:
1818:
1795:
1786:
1781:978-0752431369
1780:
1767:
1747:
1727:
1714:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1683:, p. 107.
1673:
1661:
1645:
1639:, p. 48;
1629:
1617:
1615:, p. 193.
1611:, p. 81;
1601:
1595:, p. 74;
1585:
1583:, p. 134.
1573:
1550:
1538:
1515:
1500:
1483:
1481:, p. 351.
1468:
1466:, p. 123.
1453:
1451:, p. 104.
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1375:, p. 107.
1365:
1353:
1341:
1339:, p. 103.
1335:, p. 61;
1325:
1323:, p. 328.
1319:, p. 82;
1309:
1297:
1295:, p. 328.
1280:
1268:
1266:, p. 271.
1256:
1254:, p. 111.
1244:
1232:
1230:, p. 161.
1220:
1218:, p. 122.
1208:
1206:, p. 227.
1193:
1181:
1169:
1153:
1143:, p. 58;
1130:
1128:, p. 339.
1118:
1093:
1081:
1079:, p. 223.
1066:
1050:
1034:
1028:, p. 78;
1014:
1012:, p. 269.
999:
987:
985:, p. 221.
975:
963:
951:
939:
923:
908:
892:
880:
878:, p. 103.
865:
853:
847:, p. 19;
837:
831:, p. 19;
821:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
747:, p. 16;
737:
725:
706:
686:
684:, p. 100.
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
574:
571:
535:
532:
526:
523:
487:
484:
462:
459:
446:Stuart Piggott
444:archaeologist
384:Blue Bell Hill
340:
337:
276:
273:
259:
256:
233:Coldrum Stones
182:Archaeologists
166:. Constructed
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
62:
53:
52:
46:
45:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2614:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2122:9780500020685
2118:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2090:Pagan Britain
2086:
2082:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:The Reliquary
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1854:9780851155807
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:, p. 82.
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:, p. 81.
1658:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1599:, p. 81.
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1571:, p. 81.
1570:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1548:, p. 21.
1547:
1542:
1539:
1536:, p. 80.
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:, p. 79.
1497:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:Grinsell 1976
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:Grinsell 1976
1441:
1438:
1435:, p. 63.
1434:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1411:, p. 39.
1410:
1405:
1402:
1399:, p. 43.
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1351:, p. 61.
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:, p. 57.
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:, p. 60.
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1151:, p. 78.
1150:
1149:Champion 2007
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:, p. 78.
1115:
1114:Champion 2007
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:, p. 78.
1063:
1062:Champion 2007
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:Champion 2007
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:Champion 2007
1023:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
967:
964:
960:
955:
952:
949:, p. 76.
948:
947:Champion 2007
943:
940:
937:, p. 78.
936:
935:Champion 2007
932:
927:
924:
921:, p. 41.
920:
915:
913:
909:
906:, p. 41.
905:
901:
896:
893:
890:, p. 40.
889:
884:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
863:, p. 19.
862:
857:
854:
851:, p. 40.
850:
846:
841:
838:
835:, p. 37.
834:
830:
825:
822:
819:, p. 33.
818:
814:
813:Champion 2007
809:
806:
802:
797:
794:
791:, p. 20.
790:
785:
782:
779:, p. 37.
778:
773:
770:
766:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
722:
717:
715:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
687:
683:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
664:
658:
653:
651:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
606:
602:
599:
594:
592:
588:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
559:
556:
551:
549:
540:
533:
531:
524:
522:
519:
514:
509:
507:
506:Ronald Hutton
503:
499:
494:
493:ancestor cult
485:
483:
479:
475:
467:
460:
458:
455:
451:
450:Low Countries
447:
441:
438:
432:
430:
426:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
345:
338:
336:
334:
330:
329:amygdaloideae
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:British Isles
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
257:
255:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
134:
130:
125:
122:
119:
115:
110:
82:
78:
74:
70:
50:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2523:
2508:
2494:Coffin Stone
2477:
2443:
2435:
2364:
2303:
2299:
2286:
2282:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2206:
2202:
2183:
2155:
2151:
2138:
2110:
2089:
2068:
2054:
2050:
2024:
2015:
2011:
2002:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1904:
1900:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1844:
1825:
1822:Burl, Aubrey
1799:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1690:Bibliography
1676:
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1648:
1637:Bennett 1907
1632:
1620:
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1428:
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1344:
1328:
1312:
1300:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1216:Piggott 1935
1211:
1204:Holgate 1981
1184:
1179:, p. 3.
1172:
1167:, p. 3.
1161:Holgate 1981
1156:
1126:Killick 2010
1121:
1089:Holgate 1981
1084:
1077:Holgate 1981
1053:
1037:
1032:, p. 1.
1017:
997:, p. 1.
990:
983:Holgate 1981
978:
973:, p. 1.
971:Garwood 2012
966:
961:, p. 1.
954:
942:
931:Holgate 1981
926:
895:
883:
856:
840:
824:
808:
796:
784:
772:
765:Holgate 1981
760:
740:
728:
723:, p. 6.
704:, p. 6.
689:
649:
636:
626:
622:
617:
611:
595:
590:
584:
563:modern Pagan
560:
552:
545:
528:
510:
489:
480:
476:
472:
442:
433:
421:
408:Coffin Stone
381:
369:
365:Göbekli Tepe
350:
325:River Medway
310:
306:River Thames
278:
261:
249:
226:
210:Coffin Stone
198:River Medway
180:
176:ruined state
167:
151:
147:
143:
142:
18:
2411:Tinkinswood
2158:: 140–142.
1681:Ashbee 2005
1669:Ashbee 1993
1657:Ashbee 1993
1653:Clinch 1908
1641:Ashbee 1993
1613:Ashbee 2005
1609:Ashbee 1993
1597:Ashbee 1993
1593:Dunkin 1871
1569:Ashbee 1993
1546:Ashbee 2005
1534:Ashbee 1993
1511:Ashbee 1993
1496:Ashbee 1993
1421:Hutton 2013
1409:Hutton 2013
1397:Hutton 2013
1385:Hutton 2013
1373:Malone 2001
1361:Malone 2001
1337:Malone 2001
1321:Ashbee 2000
1317:Ashbee 1993
1305:Ashbee 2005
1293:Ashbee 2000
1276:Ashbee 1993
1264:Ashbee 1999
1252:Jessup 1970
1228:Daniel 1950
1189:Ashbee 1993
1145:Ashbee 2000
1141:Ashbee 1993
1058:Ashbee 2005
1042:Ashbee 2005
1022:Ashbee 1993
1010:Ashbee 1999
919:Hutton 2013
904:Hutton 2013
900:Malone 2001
888:Hutton 2013
876:Malone 2001
861:Hutton 1991
849:Hutton 2013
845:Hutton 1991
833:Hutton 2013
829:Hutton 1991
817:Hutton 2013
777:Hutton 2013
753:Hutton 2013
749:Ashbee 1999
745:Hutton 1991
733:Hutton 1991
698:Ashbee 2000
694:Jessup 1970
682:Jessup 1970
587:John Aubrey
454:Glyn Daniel
377:Paul Ashbee
373:North Downs
289:agriculture
241:antiquarian
194:long barrow
190:agriculture
186:pastoralist
121:Long barrow
104: /
80:Coordinates
2576:Categories
2462:Wor Barrow
2452:Hell Stone
2406:St Lythans
2376:Belas Knap
2289:: 262–264.
1625:Payne 1893
1581:Evans 1949
1240:Evans 1950
654:References
394:, and the
297:Mesolithic
237:Cossington
89:51°18′57″N
2471:Southeast
2358:Southwest
2270:130433541
1921:218836456
1808:cite book
1802:. London.
1433:Burl 1981
1349:Burl 1981
1333:Burl 1981
659:Footnotes
361:megaliths
323:near the
269:Aylesford
160:Aylesford
92:0°30′05″E
2203:Folklore
2182:(2001).
2065:(1991).
1943:Folklore
1936:: 67–80.
1824:(1981).
614:Sandwich
561:Several
333:pastoral
321:monolith
287:adopted
208:and the
150:and the
2223:1260230
2172:2841379
1963:1257001
567:Druidry
502:shrines
498:temples
275:Context
154:, is a
132:Periods
127:History
2268:
2221:
2190:
2170:
2119:
2096:
2077:
2031:
1961:
1919:
1888:
1851:
1832:
1778:
429:Eocene
425:sarsen
357:tumuli
252:barrow
229:sarsen
220:, and
2266:S2CID
2219:JSTOR
2168:JSTOR
2135:(PDF)
2047:(PDF)
1995:(PDF)
1975:(PDF)
1959:JSTOR
1917:S2CID
1755:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1702:(PDF)
168:circa
2188:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2029:ISBN
1886:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1814:link
1776:ISBN
164:Kent
117:Type
2308:doi
2258:doi
2211:doi
2160:doi
1951:doi
1909:doi
1763:120
1743:119
1723:112
1710:111
500:or
281:BCE
2578::
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2016:72
2014:.
2003:63
2001:.
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1934:12
1932:.
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