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began the search for a new CMC. Excitedly, Butler assumed that Waller would win this time. He generated a flurry of correspondence knowing full well that every letter would be read by his congressman father ... Much to Butler's dismay -- and despite whatever political leverage his father applied -- stronger forces determined the selection of a new CMC in 1913-14. Biddle had hoped to slide in the veteran campaigner, Colonel
Lincoln Karmany, before sufficient political forces could be organized to oppose this handpicked successor. But Secretary Daniels eliminated Karmany from the running when he learned of his messy divorce in order to marry another woman. Waller had the endorsement of all 21 Democrats in the Senate, but carried the unacceptable baggage of Samar with him. Secretary Daniels reasoned that it made no sense to appoint an officer with a reputation for callous and inhumane treatment of the Filipino people, just when the Wilson Administration promised a more enlightened and humane government of the Philippines.
1342:
number of
Democratic senators or by the fact that his grandfather L.W. Tazewell was the former Democratic governor of Virginia. Col. Bartlett speaks of "the unacceptable baggage of Samar", but as we have seen this did not seem to hamper Waller's rise from captain to colonel. Waller's "reputation for callous and inhumane treatment of the Filipino people" was based almost entirely on the editorials in the anti-imperialist press, but these views had been rejected by the public long before. The elections of Roosevelt in 1904 and Taft in 1908 came long after the courts-martial not only of Waller and Day, but also of the Army officers Smith and Glenn.
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1150:"I can have them here tomorrow morning", the prosecutor responded, and next day he submitted in evidence a series of telegrams between Admiral Rogers and General Chaffee in which the offer of three hundred Marines for service with the Sixth Brigade is made and accepted. "The Marines were serving in Samar by order of the President. The Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy knew they were there." Besides, Major R. N. Getty had been assigned to investigate the shootings at Basey, and had so advised Waller before the Marine battalion was detached from Sixth Brigade on 19 February."
1745:
for "specially meritorious service, otherwise than in battle, during the
Spanish–American War". It was not awarded before the war with Spain, nor since. Because it recognizes heroism not in direct contact with the enemy, it may be considered a forerunner to the present-day Navy and Marine Corps Medal. The decoration is a bronze cross pattee, with an anchor in its center encircled by a wreath of oak and laurel and the inscription "U.S. Naval Campaign West Indies". The arms of the cross are inscribed "Specially Meritorious Service 1898", and it is suspended from a bright red ribbon.
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businesses. Advancing cautiously through the burning and rubble strewn streets, the
Americans reached the Grand Square of Mehmet Ali, at the heart of the city. The American Consulate was there, and it became the headquarters of the force. Although the French troops had abandoned the city and cautiously returned to their ships, the Marines secured the Grand Square and began to patrol the streets of the European Quarter, as the international business and consular area was named. Cochrane, Waller and their Marines were assigned to
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on board ship; there were on board my ship, two hundred and forty-three in all. We issued clothes to the naked men, and the officers gave up their clothes and beds to the
Spanish officers. Only a few months ago I received a letter from the widow of one of the officers of Admiral Cervera's staff, telling me of her husband's death, and saying that it was his wish that she should thank me for all that I had done for him; and I have received many tokens and letters besides this in grateful acknowledgement of the mercy shown.
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837:. The bombardment disabled many of the Spanish cruiser's guns and triggered the detonation of some of its shells. Wreathed in flame, Oquendo ran aground. By now the rest of the Spanish ships had also fallen to American fire. The fighting was over, and it was one of the most lopsided victories in naval history. Every Spanish ship was destroyed and no American vessel had suffered more than token damage. Waller's gun crews reportedly fired 500 rounds from their 6-inch guns during the 61-minute melee.
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men, names unknown, natives of the
Philippine Islands, by ordering and causing his subordinate officer under his command, John Horace Arthur Day, 1st Lieutenant, U.S. Marine Corps, and a firing detail of enlisted men under his said command, to take out said eleven men and shoot them to death, which said order was then and there carried into execution and said eleven natives, and each of them, were shot with rifles, from the effects of which they then and there died.
1063:, two Philippine scouts and 33 Philippine porters. In terrible physical conditions, most of the men were soon sick and running out of food. To stave off disaster, Major Waller divided his force on 3 January 1902. Leaving Marine Captain David D. Porter in charge of a group remaining in the jungle, Waller and 14 others went for help at Basey, arriving there on 6 January. On 7 January, Waller led a relief operation back to Porter, but for nine days could not find them.
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ship on which the individual served. Bronze bars are pinned to the front of the ribbon for each engagement with the enemy. No attachments were worn on the ribbon bar. Waller's medal had a ship's pin inscribed "USS Indiana", and four engagement bars - "San Juan Porto Rico", for the occupation of that city, and three bars inscribed "Santiago", for the siege, for the great battle of July 3, 1898, and for the occupation of the city. It was awarded in 1901.
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1138:"The specification does not allege that Major Walleris now detached for service with the United States Army, nor does it allege that due process against him for the offence was instituted before he was detached from the Army. The charge does not, therefore, represent a case within the jurisdiction of the Army court martial." In other words, Marix said, the Army did not charge Waller when he was assigned to them, and he is not assigned to them any longer.
930:, a large enemy held city along the route to Peking, arrayed against a Chinese contingent of some 1,500 to 2,000 men. Outnumbered from the start, the column came under heavy enemy fire and was forced to retreat, with the Russians in the lead. In a desperate rearguard action, Waller and his marines—leaving their dead behind and dragging their wounded with them—fought off the numerically superior (but less aggressive) Chinese forces and reached safety.
674:, Egypt during a serious local uprising in the summer of 1882. He participated in the landing of a mixed bluejacket and Marine force during the operation. The Naval landing force of sixty-nine sailors and sixty-three Marines was formed, with Lieutenant Commander Charles Goodrich in command and Captain Cochrane as executive officer. The force comprised two companies, the sailors under Navy Lieutenant Frank L. Denny and the Marines under Waller.
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They jury is out to the extent that order was carried out, because
Littleton Waller actually countermanded it to his own men and said " Porter, I've had instructions to kill everyone over ten years old. But we are not making war on women and children, only on men capable of bearing arms. Keep that in mind no matter what other orders you receive." Undoubtedly, some men did atrocities regardless of Waller's commands.
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was the occasion of some of the most daring and gallant conduct of the day. The ships were burning fore and aft, their guns and reserve ammunition were exploding, and it was not known at what moment the fire would reach the main magazines. In addition to this a heavy surf was running just inside of the
Spanish ships. But no risk deterred our officers and men until their work of humanity was completed.
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631:. He uses the Biblical phrase "the peace of God which passeth all understanding" in his letter to the Marines in France in 1918. In reporting the death in action of one of his officers in China, Waller expressed confidence that "all the trumpets will sound for him upon the other side", a phrase taken from Bunyan's description of the death of Faithful. In their ghostwritten memoirs
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823:, the fifth and sixth ships bringing up the rear of Spanish line, as they left the bay. Still too close to his squadron to risk using his big guns, Taylor called on Waller and his Marines to take the destroyers under fire with the six-inch batteries. Captain Waller ran from gun to gun, shouting orders and encouragement, as his Leathernecks pulverized the Spanish ships.
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1082:, without trial, of the eleven Filipino porters for treason, theft, disobedience and general mutiny. Ten were shot in groups of three (one had been gunned down in the water attempting to escape) The bodies were left in the square as an example, until one evening under cover of darkness, some townspeople carried them off for a Christian burial.
1279:"promoted MAJOR August 28, 1899, to take rank from July 25, 1899". He is "promoted LIEUTENANT COLONEL, U.S.M.C., by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, March 23, 1903, to rank as such from March 3, 1903", and then "promoted COLONEL, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, March 21, 1905, to rank from March 11, 1905".
1166:) had ordered a preliminary examination of the case, with a view to legal action, before Waller was relieved of duty with the Army. Waller assisted in Major Getty's investigation, and was questioned by him, so he had to know that he was a party to the proceedings. Besides, a "brief lapse of jurisdiction" cannot mitigate a murder charge.
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1906:
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Majors, in the Marine Corps, for eminent and conspicuous conduct in battle on June 21, & 23, and July 3, and 9, 1900, at
Tientsin, China, from March 8, 1901. Under suspension for ten days (10) from September 18, 1901, for being under the influence of liquor, and thereby unfit for the proper performance of duty.
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for action in the Aisne-Marne
Offensive; and was cited in General Orders, No. 88, Headquarters, Second Division, dated December 31, 1918. He also received letters of commendation from the Commanding Officer, Second Battalion, Sixth Regiment, Commanding General, Fourth Brigade and Commanding General,
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Several key points are evident here. Waller had the endorsement of "all 21 Democrats in the Senate", but in 1913 the U.S. had forty-eight states, for a total of ninety-six senators. The Democrats were not only a minority, they were all Southerners. Waller's chances were hardly helped by the small
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In 1910, following a spate of in-house acrimony between the CMC, Major General George F. Elliott, and the Adjutant and Inspector, the colorful Colonel Charles H. Lauchheimer, Elliott opted for retirement. Most observers -- including Butler -- assumed that the venerable Waller would gain the Corps'
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SPECIFICATION: In that Major Littleton W.T. Waller, United States Marine Corps, being then and there detached for service with the United States Army by authority of the President of the United States, did, in time of war, willfully and feloniously and with malice aforethought, murder and kill eleven
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Growing more desperate for food, Captain Porter left the sick and dying behind, under the command of Marine Lieutenant A.S. Williams, and set out with 7 Marines and 6 porters to Lanang. Having arrived at Lanang on 11 January, Cpt. Porter then sent out a relief column to pick up his own stragglers and
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After the destruction of the three largest ships and two torpedo-boat destroyers, I was sent to pick up the wounded and bring off prisoners from the beaches where they were huddled and in constant danger from the exploding magazines. ... After working for hours with the wounded, we took the prisoners
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Properly speaking, the "Commemorative Medal for Naval Engagements in the West Indies", it took its popular name from the fact that its obverse shows a portrait of Rear Admiral William T. Sampson. The ribbon, red with a wide central blue stripe, is suspended from a bronze pin bearing the name of the
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The letter of August 3, 1904, awarding this medal to Waller "in recognition of your gallant conduct in assisting in rescuing crews from the burning Spanish ships after the battle of Santiago de Cuba on July 3, 1898" is reproduced above. This is one of only 93 known awards of the decoration, given
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On March 22, 1920, Waller appeared before the Retirement Board at Marine Corps Headquarters. The board found that he was "incapacitated for active service by reason of arterial sclerosis, general, and that his incapacity is the result of an incident of the service." On March 27 the finding was made
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The passage of legislation in 1913 that limited the tenure of each CMC to four years -- unless reappointed -- ended the traditional system of appointment until retirement, which had been in effect since 1798. Instead Josephus Daniels, the new Secretary of the Navy . . . Biddle into retirement and
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As there was no wireless radio in those days, and the telegraphic cable office in Alexandria was not functioning, the Squadron Commander had approval to land the naval force, but once ashore Goodrich had been on his own. It was he who made the decision to stay with the British rather than leave with
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county were churchmen and scholars of the law. William Tazewell, attorney, born in 1691, emigrated to Virginia in 1715. His descendants include members of the House of Burgesses, the U.S. House of Representatives, the Senates of both Virginia and the United States, and the Virginia Supreme Court.
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Suspended from duty for being drunk, with an official entry made of the event, Waller was still promoted from captain to full colonel in less than six years. This is hardly indicative of a stalled career, especially in the early twentieth century. It becomes hard to believe that the court-martial
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Conventional wisdom holds that the Manila court-martial cost Waller the post of Commandant of the Marine Corps. Most sources claim that his career was stunted, but an extract from his Officer's Qualification Record tells a different story. Waller's acquittal is dated April 28, 1902. He had been
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The Bureau has much pleasure in transmitting herewith a specially meritorious medal awarded to you in recognition of your gallant conduct in assisting in rescuing crews from the burning Spanish ships after the battle of Santiago de Cuba on July 3, 1898. This medal is issued in accordance with the
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In their moment of triumph, the Americans now performed an act of mercy. Captain Taylor directed Waller to launch the Indiana's whaleboats and pick up as many of the shipwrecked Spanish sailors as possible. With sailors at the oars and Marines in bow and stern to haul the swimmers aboard, Waller's
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where Balangiga is located. The exchange is known because of two courts-martial: one was of Waller who was later court-martialed for ordering or allowing the execution of a dozen Filipino bearers, and the court-martial of Gen. Jacob H. Smith who was actually court-martialed for giving that order.
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The prosecution then decided to call General Smith as a rebuttal witness. On April 7, 1902, in sworn testimony, Smith denied that he had given any special verbal orders to Waller. Waller then produced three officers, who corroborated Waller's version of the Smith–Waller conversation, and copies of
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The Iowa and the Indiana, having done good work, and not having the speed of the other ships, were directed by me ... to drop out of the chase and resume blockading stations. These vessels rescued many prisoners. ... This rescue of prisoners, including the wounded from the burning Spanish vessels,
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The Wallers and Tazewells seem to have had no military members prior to Tony's commissioning. His decision to become an officer must have surprised his family, but they were supportive of his ambition. In his teens, Tony was a corporal in the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues, a local militia unit.
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Waller was one of only twenty living Marine officers whose gallantry in action during the Civil War, Spanish–American War, Philippine Campaign and the Boxer Rebellion had been recognized by a brevet commission. Waller's medal recognized his promotion to the brevet rank of lieutenant colonel, "for
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On March 28, 1901, appointed Lieutenant-Colonel by brevet, in the Marine Corps of the United States, for distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy near Tientsin, China, from the 13th day of July, 1900. On March 28, 1901, advanced two (2) numbers in rank on the list of
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Originally authorized in 1919 as a ribbon-only award. The medal was authorized in 1929, three years after Waller's death. It is not known if his survivors received the medal posthumously. At the time, numerals were worn on the ribbon to show total awards. Waller was authorized the ribbon with
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General Waller was one of the very few recipients, possibly the only, of both the Brevet Medal and Specially Meritorious Service Medal. With only 23 and 93 total awards respectively, they are two of the rarest decorations in American military history. (By way of comparison, there have been over
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Vol. 43, No. 4 (December, 1979), p. 187; "Most of the material for this article is derived from The Adjutant General's Office (AGO) 1890–1917, National Archives (NA), record group (RG) 94, File 309120 "Considerable older material is filed under the same numerical file number, but has the
1071:. Williams later testified that their mutinous behavior left the Marines in daily fear of their lives; the porters were hiding food and supplies from the Marines and keeping themselves nourished from the jungle while the Marines starved; then three porters attacked and wounded Williams with a
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The timely arrival of the ships of the European Squadron and their landing force gave protection to the American consulate and to American citizens and interests caught up in the fighting, and also afforded a refuge for the citizens of other nations, who had been displaced from their homes or
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Tony Waller was bright, but indifferent to education. He was an outdoorsman, fond of hunting, fishing and riding, and uncomfortable in the classroom. Historian David McCulloch noted that, in the nineteenth century, every literate person in the English-speaking world was familiar with three
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The general's mother, Mary Waller Tazewell, was born at Wishing Oak in 1822. In 1848, she married Matthew Page Waller, her third cousin four times removed. Their children included a daughter and two sons older than Tony, and three sons younger. Littleton Waller Tazewell Waller was born on
1296:, U.S. Army, military aide to Presidents Roosevelt and Taft, recalls a White House meeting in March 1910. The subject was the next Marine Commandant. Secretary of the Navy George Meyer had the necessary papers to appoint Waller, and President Taft agreed. Then, according to Butt:
1401:, the Eighth Machine Gun Battalion, Third Division; and served as the Division Machine Gun Officer of the Second Division. During his service he participated in the following operations: the Toulon-Troyon Sector; in action with 47th French Infantry at Julgonne; in action on the
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early in 1900, Waller, now a major, was ordered to command a detachment of Marines, assigned to take part in the expedition mounted to relieve the siege of Peking, the Imperial Capital of China. This city, with its enclave of foreign Legations, was besieged by a mixed force of
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provisions of an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1901, which authorized the Secretary of the Navy to issue such medals to the officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who rendered specially meritorious service, otherwise than in battle, during the Spanish–American War.
1300:(Waller's) name was practically written, when Senator Penrose of Pennsylvania called on the President, and in five minutes Waller was sidetracked and Biddle elevated to the place in command. (Biddle) happened to be a cousin of the junior Senator from Pennsylvania,
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were some of the more common ones. As military decorations and medals were uncommon prior the First World War, military regulations permitted the wearing of the insignia of societies and organizations composed of service members and/or their descendants.
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Not sufficient, Marix responded. "Legal proceedings are defined clearly ... the accused has a right to be present, the witnesses sworn, and be represented by counsel. Nothing of the kind happened in this case. An inspector is not a judicial officer."
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Waller was tried for murder and manslaughter in ordering the execution of the eleven Filipino porters. A court martial began on March 17, 1902. The court-martial board consisted of 7 Army officers and 6 Marine Corps officers, led by U.S. Army General
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the French. Waller, as one of only four officers in the landing force, would have been present when the decisions were made. He learned, as a 24-year-old lieutenant, the habits of independence in command that he would exercise throughout his career.
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September 26, 1856. His father, who was a doctor, died of typhoid during an epidemic on December 11, 1861. Mary remained a widow until her death on December 20, 1889. She is buried with her husband in Elmwood Cemetery in Norfolk, Virginia.
1141:"The charges brought against Major Waller were handed to him on March 4th, and constitute the first process against him. This was several days after he was detached from the Army ... the jurisdiction was therefore voluntarily surrendered."
1010:
I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn, the more you kill and burn the better it will please me. I want all persons killed who are capable of bearing arms in actual hostilities against the United States," General Smith said.
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For his service, Major Waller received a brevet promotion, along with several of his fellow officers, who had also distinguished themselves, to lieutenant colonel. He would later become one of only 20 Marines to be awarded the USMC
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British force for the protection of the European Quarter. The anticipated rebel counterattack never came, and a ten-day standoff ended with the arrival of the four thousand-man British relief force. According to the Times of London:
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from 8 January 1917 until his retirement in June 1920. According to the entry in Webster's American Military Biographies, L.W.T. Waller was "reputed to have taken part in more actions than any other Marine officer of the period."
1092:, as he had reported every other event. "It became necessary to expend eleven prisoners. Ten who were implicated in the attack on Lieutenant Williams and one who plotted against me." Smith passed Waller's report to General
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827:"The only trouble experienced at that time was the difficulty in keeping the men not actually engaged under cover", Waller later wrote. "They would creep up to the guns, waiting for the chance to take part in the action."
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Lord Charles Beresford states that without the assistance of the American Marines he would have been unable to discharge the numerous duties of suppressing fires, preventing looting, burying the dead, and clearing the
1147:"We want to know whether there is any possible written or other evidence from the President of the United States placing him on detached duty with the Army, and thereby placing him within the province of this court."
940:
After participating in the final fighting for the city of Peking on July 13–14, Waller and his men took possession of the American sector and brought order out of the havoc caused by the Chinese retreat. Promoted by
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1036:"Porter, I've had instructions to kill everyone over ten years old. But we are not making war on women and children, only on men capable of bearing arms. Keep that in mind no matter what other orders you receive."
596:, his application was based on his ancestor's participation in the Committee of Independence. The Waller family website says little about the Civil War years, and the associated Tazewell website says even less.
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General Bisbee decided that the court was without jurisdiction in the case, but left open the possibility of reversing himself if instructions were received from the office of the Adjutant General of the Army.
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Since it was a popular belief among the Americans serving in the Philippines that native males were born with bolos in their hands, Major Waller asked, "I would like to know the limit of age to respect, sir?"
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Photos of Waller, and other Marine officers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, also show the wearing of numerous unofficial medals awarded by fraternal and patriotic societies. The
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Waller was also frustrated at being sidelined, as he saw it, from the fighting in France. Relatively few senior Marine officers saw active duty in France, all of them a generation younger than Waller.
964:"... participated willingly and energetically ..." with the Allies "... in all movements against the enemy ..." and that "... he and his officers and men ... reflected credit upon American valor. ..."
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distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy near Tientsin, China", on 13 July 1900. He had retired prior to the creation of the medal, but went to Washington to receive it.
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General Smith ordered Waller to scout a possible telegraph route across the island from Lanang on the east coast to Basey on the west coast – straight across trackless, uninhabited jungle.
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1315:. Like Waller, Butler was the choice for Commandant among the rank-and-file of the Corps. Butler, too, was denied the position, because of the influence of politics. Col. Bartlett writes:
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As a result of evidence introduced at the Waller trial, General Smith was then court martialed, convicted, and admonished; President Roosevelt personally ordered his dismissal from the army.
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To the specification – Guilty, except to the words "willfully and feloniously and with malice aforethought, murder and" – to those words, not guilty. To the charge – Not Guilty
1134:, USN, and Major Edwin Glenn, USA, first argued, unsuccessfully, that the Army had no jurisdiction over him, as he was still under Marine Corps command. From the court martial transcript:
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Waller's was one of only ninety-three known awards of this medal, and is believed to be the only one awarded to a U.S. Marine. Because it recognizes heroism not in direct combat, the
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1048:, on 24 October. In the southern half of Samar, Waller ran patrols, amphibious operations, and led a detachment of marines which defeated Philippine insurgents in a battle at
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highest post. However, in a private meeting with Secretary of the Navy George von Meyer, President William H. Taft bowed to pressure from the powerful Pennsylvania Senator
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In the Proceedings of the U. S. Naval Institute, November 1986, Lieutenant Colonel Merrill L. Bartlett, U.S. Marine Corps (Retired), discusses the career of Waller's protege
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detail worked all day. Men who were already weary from passing ammunition, now sunburned and with hands swollen and cracked from salt water, saved their enemies from death.
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Waller's Marine Battalion on Samar was relieved by U.S. Army units on 26 February 1902. He and his Battalion left Samar on 28 February, returning to Cavite on 2 March 1902.
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rang a signal. Filipinos brandishing machetes emerged from their hiding places. Forty-eight Americans, two-thirds of the garrison, were butchered, in what is called the
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Bureau of Navigation Department of the Navy Washington, D.C., August 3, 1904
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and Frederick C. Wise remember him as an eloquent speaker and fascinating storyteller. Yet he apparently never considered the study of law or a career in politics.
627:. Waller's writing shows the influence of all three. His report from Peking compares the condition of the Marines to Falstaff's army, in reference to Shakespeare's
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every written order he had received from Smith, Waller informed the court he had been directed to take no prisoners and to kill every male Filipino over age 10.
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Within minutes both destroyers were ablaze and sinking. Still moving west, the Indiana finally got to use her thirteen-inch rifled guns, as she opened up on the
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With no love for the Marines and no reason to care who their Commandant was, Butt had no reason to lie. Nor is he alone in giving this version of events.
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by the Secretary of the Navy and would go on to serve a full career in the Corps, eventually rising to the rank of major general just as his Father had.
937:. At 04:00 on June 24, an international army—consisting of Italian, German, Japanese, Russian, British, and American forces—set out again for Tientsin.
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Waller did not use Smith's orders "I want all persons killed" to justify his deed, instead relying on the rules of war and provisions of a Civil War
1006:. Major Waller and his Marine Battalion were given this assignment. Prior to proceeding, Major Waller had had this conversation with General Smith:
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On 21 March, the instructions arrived. The assistant adjutant general noted that the commanding general of the Philippine Department (General
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and a veteran of the Civil War, in 1881. The Commanding Officer of the Detachment, also a veteran of the Civil War, was the legendary Captain
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1477:, the street and all of the properties along it were originally part of the estate surrounding the house he had built in 1916, in suburban
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on 29 August 1918, Littleton W. T. Waller Sr. closed out his active duty in the Marine Corps as Commander of the Advanced Base Force at
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Both of Waller's ancestral families enjoyed wealth and political distinction in England and America. The Wallers were high sheriffs of
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rescue Lt. William's command. By 18 January, when Williams was rescued, 10 marines had died, one had gone insane and the porters had
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General Bisbee "now decides that (the court) has jurisdiction and directs that the case proceed to trial." Waller enters his plea:
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During the trial, American newspapers, including his hometown newspaper in Philadelphia, nicknamed Waller the "Butcher of Samar".
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and advanced two numbers in grade for his performance of duty at Tientsin and Peking, Littleton Waller was commended in 1903 by
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Philippine NewsLink interview with Bob Couttie author of "Hang the Dogs, The True and Tragic History of the Balangiga Massacre"
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Continued on active duty at Headquarters, Advanced Base Force until June 16, 1920, on which date relieved from all active duty.
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1238:, being promoted to the commander of the Provisional Brigade by 1911. Waller then commanded the USMC Barracks located at the
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Miller, p. 230–232; Before the "Howling Wilderness": The Military Career of Jacob Hurd Smith, 1862–1902 David L. Fritz
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could not participate in the initial chase after the enemy cruisers made their sortie without cutting across the bow of the
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1254:. Under his command, USMC troops brutally suppressed resistance to the occupation by bands of Haitian insurgents known as
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1032:, one of the officers tasked with carrying it out. Waller partly revoked Smith's order and told Porter to show restraint.
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980:. Waller served as Best Man at Butlers' wedding in June 1905 and the two remained close for the rest of Wallers' life.
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of Marines on 24 June 1880 at the age of 23 and served initial tours of successive shore duty at the Marine Barracks in
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1882:, an association of officers with service in the Philippines which was founded in 1900 as well as the insignia of the
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1413:. Waller Jr. later participated in the march to the Rhine and served with the Army of Occupation. He was awarded the
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501:, when he led an ill-fated expedition across the island of Samar. Waller retired from the Marines holding the rank of
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Waller subsequently returned to the United States, where he was appointed in charge of USMC recruiting efforts in
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on 5 November 1901. He was having some success in registering the inhabitants and pacifying the Philippine towns.
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Political influence was even more pronounced in the selection of the next Commandant. Col. Bartlett continues:
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and the Marines manning her secondary batteries were, however, able to engage and aid in the destruction of the
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prevented Waller's appointment to the commandancy, especially since he is promoted less than a year afterward.
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having carried out similar executions on a much larger scale months before with no subsequent investigations.
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545:. Littleton Waller's ancestor Col. John Waller came to Virginia about 1635. He trained as an attorney at the
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Turned down for a commission in the cavalry (at 5' 4" he was too short), he was accepted into the Marines.
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1144:"The plea is that the defendant is not subject to the jurisdiction of this court", General Bisbee noted.
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The family's extensive public service is exclusively civilian. In 1920, when Tony Waller Jr. joined the
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1021:"Persons of ten years and older are those designated as being capable of bearing arms?", asked Waller.
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was, in turn, a U.S. Congressman, a U.S. Senator, and Governor of Virginia. He built the family home,
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1791:
Awarded to all members of the Navy and Marine Corps who served between 20 April and 10 December 1898.
759:'s fleet was chased down and totally destroyed by the American fleet waiting just outside the harbor.
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described the service of Waller and his men in his after-action report to the Secretary of the Navy:
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Waller first went to sea as the Executive Officer of the Marine Detachment aboard the sloop-of-war
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dismissed the entire case, agreeing that a Marine Corps officer was not subject to an Army court.
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Three of Waller's sons would go on to serve their country as Officers in the Marines and Navy.
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Waller's detachment immediately returned to duty, attached to a British column led by Commander
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conformity with the provisions of Sections 1622 and 1251 of the Revised Statutes, and those of
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Very respectfully, G.A. Converse, Chief of Bureau
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General (T) Littleton W.T. Waller, U.S. Marine Corps, will be retired from active service and
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This at Basey, Island of Samar, Philippine Islands, on or about the 20th day of January, 1902.
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placed on the retired list with the rank he now temporarily holds, that of Major General, in
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asked for Marine Corps assistance to help subdue the Philippine population on the island of
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LIEUTENANT COLONEL Littleton W.T. Waller, U.S.M.C. Marine Barracks, Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va.
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There are photographs of Waller wearing the distinct triangular medal which represents the
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919:" and Chinese Imperial troops supporting them. Accordingly, Waller and his men arrived at
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497:, the Caribbean and Asia. He was court-martialed and acquitted for his actions during the
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served as a major in the Marine Corps during World War I and saw extensive action on the
1953:
1393:. Waller Jr. alternately commanded the 81st Company, First Machine Gun Battalion; the
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The proceedings and findings of the Retiring Board in this case are approved, and Major
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1075:. The other 11 porters were placed under arrest when Williams' command reached Lanang.
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During his service in China, Waller also began a long-running friendship with then Lt.
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1851:
For service during the period 6 April 1917 to 11 November 1918, both dates inclusive.
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For service ashore in the Philippine Islands between 4 February 1899 and 4 July 1902.
1409:; in action in the Aisne-Marne Offensive; Marbache Sector; St. Mihiel Sector; and the
923:, on 19 June 1900, soon moved inland, and linked up with a Russian column of 400 men.
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Formal recognition of that action at Santiago would come to Waller sometime later.
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Major Henry P. Kingsbury, USA, the prosecutor, read the charge and specification.
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The court martial board voted 11–2 for acquittal of Waller. Later, the U.S. Army
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until 1903. In 1904, Waller was made commander of USMC forces stationed in the
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2093:"Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903
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had successfully done months before. Waller's counsel had rested his defense.
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2442:"Littleton Waller Tazewell Waller, Major General, United States Marine Corps"
807:, which Captain Taylor, the ship's commander, wisely decided not to do. The
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Photo of Alexandria, Egypt after the bombardment and fire of July 11–13, 1882
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Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903
2291:, attacked the local U.S. garrison. While U.S. soldiers ate breakfast, the
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Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903
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1234:. Two years later in 1906, he was appointed to command U.S. forces in the
557:, and a member of Virginia's delegation to the committee that adopted the
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can be considered a predecessor of today's Navy and Marine Corps Medal.
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and was in that vessel as Commander of its Marine detachment during the
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For service ashore in Cuba between 12 September 1906 and 1 April 1909.
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Following tours of shore duty at Norfolk and Washington; and at sea in
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began from Lanang on 28 December 1901 with 60 Marines, including Sgt.
489:(September 26, 1856 – July 13, 1926) was a career officer in the
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585:, on Granby Street in Norfolk in 1802 and died there on May 6, 1860.
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But if it was not the reason, it may have been the excuse. Captain
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and how to handle him", in reference to Haiti's population being of
1096:, who then decided to investigate these executions, despite General
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Due to her position at the extreme eastern end of the blockade, the
214:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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until his death on 13 July 1926 at the age of 69. He is buried in
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Prior to the ensuing massacre, Waller pulled aside Marine Captain
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2385:. Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. Archived from
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For service ashore in China between 24 May 1900 and 27 May 1901.
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in 1914 before being appointed to command USMC forces during the
1890:, a military society of officers who served in China during the
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For service ashore in Haiti between 9 July and 6 December 1915.
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670:. The following year, Waller was present at the British Naval
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on 3 July 1898. During this naval engagement, Spanish Admiral
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United States Marine Corps personnel who were court-martialed
2487:. Documents of the United States Marine Corps. July 30, 1900
2243:"Tazewell, Littleton Waller – Biographical Information"
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for action in the Champagne Sector; made a Chevalier of the
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The last entry in his Officer's Qualification Record reads:
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At 02:00 on June 21, this small combined force set out for
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American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
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and founded a family that included several members of the
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For service at Vera Cruz from 21 April to 23 April 1914.
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CHARGE: Murder, in violation of the 58th Article of War.
2460:
Atrocity on Trial: The Court-martial of Littleton Waller
1262:. During the occupation, Waller stated that "I know the
2560:
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
203:
2149:"Remembering the US invasion of Haiti—105 years later"
1024:"Yes," Smith confirmed his instructions a second time.
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numeral "4" in recognition of the following service:
2247:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
2303:, U.S. troops retaliated against the entire island
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108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2550:American military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion
709:(BB-1) around the time of the Spanish–American War
2485:"Tientsin: Report of Major Littleton W.T. Waller"
1422:Second Division. Waller Jr. was also awarded the
1040:Waller and his battalion of 315 Marines departed
984:Philippine–American War and war crimes acquittal
2590:United States Marine Corps World War I generals
1958:. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p.
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1324:and appointed his constituent, Philadelphia's
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2625:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution
2545:American military personnel of the Banana Wars
2270:, (Yale University Press, 1982). p. 220;
517:, on 26 September 1856. He was appointed as a
1044:on 22 October 1901 and landed at Catbalogan,
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1505:The decorations and medals of General Waller
1445:Major General Waller lived in retirement in
2383:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
2368:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1181:that authorized "exceeding force", much as
1078:After an investigation, Waller ordered the
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2401:Lelle, John E. SgtMaj. USMC (Ret) (1988).
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1246:, Waller subsequently participated in the
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973:when the decoration was created in 1921.
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
2600:People acquitted of international crimes
2420:Miller, Stuart Creighton Miller (1982).
2362:This article incorporates text from the
2287:, a tiny village 400 miles southeast of
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459:Navy Specially Meritorious Service Medal
2090:Miller, Stuart Creighton (1984-09-10).
1941:
1473:, PA is named after him. A residential
2585:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
2345:additional designation of S293CB1867."
2028:A History of Caroline County, Virginia
958:America in the China Relief Expedition
513:Littleton ("Tony") Waller was born in
2503:"U.S. Marines in the Boxer Rebellion"
1258:, successfully defeating them in the
729: — Captain Waller served in the
7:
2272:PBS documentary "Crucible of Empire"
856:Waller himself later remembered it:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
2630:United States Marine Corps generals
1739:Specially Meritorious Service Medal
1658:Specially Meritorious Service Medal
1489:General Waller was a member of the
1214:Waller at Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1914
894:Specially Meritorious Service Medal
577:Tony Waller's maternal grandfather
1955:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography
1088:Waller reported the executions to
960:. He recalled that the marine had
25:
2620:People from York County, Virginia
2501:Plante, Trevor K. (Winter 1999).
2458:Dean, Christopher Thomas (2009).
1466:(DD-466) was named in his honor.
1252:United States occupation of Haiti
867:
565:was a noted colonial attorney of
52:This article has multiple issues.
2610:People acquitted of manslaughter
2595:Military personnel from Virginia
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1904:
1750:Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal
1675:West Indies Naval Campaign Medal
1663:Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal
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956:, U.S. Army, Ret., in his book,
487:Littleton Tazewell "Tony" Waller
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18:Littleton Waller Tazewell Waller
2031:. Regional Publishing Company.
1860:Sons of the American Revolution
1242:from 1911 to 1914. Leading the
594:Sons of the American Revolution
561:. Littleton Waller's ancestor
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2615:People indicted for war crimes
2570:American murderers of children
2147:Engler, Yves (July 28, 2020).
1884:Military Order of Foreign Wars
1491:Military Order of Foreign Wars
1130:Waller's attorneys, Commander
998:, U.S. Army Brigadier General
1:
2444:. Arlington National Cemetery
1880:Military Order of the Carabao
1806:China Relief Expedition Medal
1707:Haitian Campaign Medal (1917)
1690:China Relief Expedition Medal
1499:Military Order of the Carabao
414:Philippine–American War
34:US Marine Corps major-general
1992:Horace Edwin Hayden (1891).
1888:Military Order of the Dragon
1495:Military Order of the Dragon
2580:American white supremacists
2330:Philadelphia North American
2299:. On the orders of General
2283:'s death, the residents of
2025:Marshall Wingfield (1997).
1872:United Spanish War Veterans
1451:Arlington National Cemetery
1395:Sixth Machine Gun Battalion
1057:Waller's March across Samar
990:Waller's March across Samar
559:Declaration of Independence
551:Virginia House of Burgesses
547:College of William and Mary
333:Arlington National Cemetery
210:the claims made and adding
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2605:People acquitted of murder
2134:. (c) 2001, Random House:
1868:Grand Army of the Republic
1715:with "Atlantic Fleet" and
1387:Littleton W. T. Waller Jr.
1240:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
987:
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491:United States Marine Corps
468:Littleton W. T. Waller Jr.
404:Spanish–American War
362:United States Marine Corps
26:
2424:. Yale University Press.
2279:Ten days after President
2096:. Yale University Press.
1864:Society of the Cincinnati
1846:World War I Victory Medal
1796:Philippine Campaign Medal
1728:Marine Corps Brevet Medal
1712:World War I Victory Medal
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1685:Philippine Campaign Medal
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1653:Marine Corps Brevet Medal
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1433:on 29 August 1916 and to
1018:"Ten years," Smith said.
672:bombardment of Alexandria
579:Littleton Waller Tazewell
537:, where the family owned
456:Marine Corps Brevet Medal
269:
264:Littleton Tazewell Waller
29:Littleton Waller Tazewell
2200:Lelle, 1988, pp. 169-171
1816:Cuban Pacification Medal
1697:Cuban Pacification Medal
1429:Having been promoted to
1369:the act of May 22, 1917.
1179:General Order Number 100
697:The Spanish–American War
680:Lord Charles Beresford's
344:United States of America
27:Not to be confused with
2565:American mass murderers
2405:. Quest Publishing Co.
2333:, March 16 and 17, 1902
2268:Stuart Creighton Miller
1411:Meuse-Argonne Offensive
912:naval station at Cavite
910:While stationed at the
740:, lead ship of the new
609:books – the
525:, and Washington, D.C.
499:Philippine–American War
2575:American war criminals
2320:Miller, pp. 226–8
1836:Haitian Campaign Medal
1786:Spanish Campaign Medal
1680:Spanish Campaign Medal
1439:Philadelphia Navy Yard
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1268:mostly African descent
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1197:Judge Advocate General
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567:Williamsburg, Virginia
555:Virginia Supreme Court
431:Occupation of Veracruz
2327:Miller, p. 228;
1980:john waller virginia.
1826:Mexican Service Medal
1702:Mexican Service Medal
1516:Gold Lifesaving Medal
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541:, and judiciaries in
515:York County, Virginia
509:Early life and career
368:Years of service
300:York County, Virginia
1995:Virginia Genealogies
1514:and over 600 of the
1510:3,000 awards of the
935:Christopher Craddock
749:Spanish–American War
495:Spanish–American War
493:, who served in the
102:improve this article
2191:Lelle, 1988, p. 171
1950:Lyon Gardiner Tyler
668:Henry Clay Cochrane
639:Early Marine career
553:, a justice of the
2305:(600 square miles)
2297:Balangiga massacre
2211:"Littleton Waller"
2153:Canadian Dimension
1248:Battle of Veracruz
1244:1st Marine Brigade
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996:Balangiga massacre
947:lieutenant colonel
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753:Battle of Santiago
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624:Pilgrim's Progress
436:Haiti intervention
398:Anglo-Egyptian War
297:September 26, 1856
195:possibly contains
117:"Littleton Waller"
2507:Prologue Magazine
2103:978-0-300-16193-9
2058:Karnow, Stanley.
2038:978-0-8063-7975-3
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1471:Huntingdon Valley
1431:brigadier general
1326:William A. Biddle
1313:Smedley D. Butler
1232:Panama Canal Zone
1110:William H. Bisbee
1080:summary execution
951:Brigadier General
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834:Almirante Oquendo
790:Almirante Oquendo
664:European Squadron
572:The Tazewells of
539:Groombridge Place
523:Norfolk, Virginia
519:second lieutenant
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473:John B. W. Waller
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1353:THE WHITE HOUSE
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1164:Arthur MacArthur
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954:Aaron S. Daggett
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1405:; in action at
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1373:WOODROW WILSON
1294:Archibald Butt
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1260:First Caco War
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1050:Sohoton cliffs
1000:Jacob H. Smith
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2060:"Two Nations"
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119: –
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113:Find sources:
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91:This article
89:
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79:
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65:
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59:
58:
53:
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39:
38:
30:
19:
2515:. Retrieved
2510:
2506:
2489:. Retrieved
2459:
2446:. Retrieved
2421:
2402:
2391:. Retrieved
2387:the original
2382:
2370:
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2341:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2304:
2293:church bells
2263:
2260:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2238:
2222:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2196:
2158:December 26,
2156:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:Theodore Rex
2131:
2126:
2092:
2085:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:the original
2063:
2053:
2042:. Retrieved
2027:
2020:
2009:. Retrieved
1994:
1987:
1979:
1973:. Retrieved
1954:
1944:
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1727:
1508:
1488:
1479:Philadelphia
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1447:Philadelphia
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1407:Belleau Wood
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1132:Adolph Marix
1129:
1125:
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1114:
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1100:and Colonel
1094:Adna Chaffee
1087:
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1054:
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993:
975:
971:Brevet Medal
967:
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738: (BB-1)
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391:Battles/wars
321:Pennsylvania
317:Philadelphia
312:(1926-07-13)
244:
226:
217:
194:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
2540:1926 deaths
2535:1856 births
1760:Egypt, 1882
1485:Memberships
1403:Marne River
1274:Later years
1206:Banana Wars
921:Taku, China
747:during the
619:John Bunyan
615:Shakespeare
604:Early years
583:Wishing Oak
443:World War I
426:Banana Wars
279:Nickname(s)
2529:Categories
2517:2006-11-30
2491:2006-11-30
2448:2006-11-30
2393:2005-03-05
2350:References
2252:2006-11-30
2224:January 1,
2121:Dean, 2009
2076:2008-03-31
2044:2010-08-09
2011:2010-08-09
1975:2010-08-09
1856:Freemasons
1475:cul-de-sac
1424:Navy Cross
1349:official:
1228:New Jersey
1073:bolo knife
994:After the
809:battleship
769:chased by
731:battleship
722:Tallapoosa
400:(observer)
340:Allegiance
293:1856-09-26
204:improve it
128:newspapers
57:improve it
2285:Balangiga
1461:USS
1458:destroyer
802:USS
734:USS
727:Lancaster
655:Lancaster
653:USS
529:Ancestors
464:Relations
371:1880–1920
208:verifying
63:talk page
2379:"Waller"
2281:McKinley
1952:(1915).
1898:See also
1497:and the
1224:Delaware
1069:mutinied
928:Tientsin
817:and the
792:in 1898.
779:New York
716:Iroquois
688:streets.
660:flagship
629:Henry IV
350:Service/
158:May 2011
1666:with 3
798:Indiana
775:Indiana
743:Indiana
736:Indiana
707:Indiana
662:of the
202:Please
142:scholar
2466:
2428:
2409:
2360:
2289:Manila
2136:p. 127
2100:
2035:
2002:
1966:
1719:clasps
1535:
1529:
1463:Waller
1264:nigger
1226:, and
1042:Cavite
943:brevet
917:Boxers
820:Pluton
804:Oregon
725:, and
658:, the
617:, and
574:Dorset
452:Awards
360:
352:branch
323:, U.S.
302:, U.S.
282:"Tony"
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
2309:Samar
1936:Notes
1256:Cacos
1090:Smith
1046:Samar
1004:Samar
878:Sir:
814:Furor
767:Furor
745:class
480:(son)
475:(son)
470:(son)
149:JSTOR
135:books
2464:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2407:ISBN
2226:2011
2160:2022
2098:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1870:and
777:and
771:Iowa
705:USS
535:Kent
376:Rank
307:Died
287:Born
121:news
2513:(4)
2307:of
2065:PBS
1960:510
1518:.)
945:to
621:'s
206:by
104:by
2531::
2511:31
2509:.
2505:.
2462:.
2381:.
2274:;
2266:,
2245:.
2217:.
2213:.
2168:^
2151:.
2112:^
2062:.
1998:.
1978:.
1962:.
1894:.
1866:,
1862:,
1858:,
1501:.
1493:,
1481:.
1453:.
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1304:.
1270:.
1222:,
1112:.
773:,
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66:.
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2371:.
2255:.
2228:.
2162:.
2106:.
2079:.
2047:.
2014:.
915:"
295:)
291:(
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245:(
233:)
227:(
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218:(
200:.
171:)
165:(
160:)
156:(
146:·
139:·
132:·
125:·
98:.
73:)
69:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
