2494:
3247:
6276:
43:
3171:
6290:
2845:
2760:, in which the Lithuanian academies were the heartland of opposition to Hasidism, "Lithuanian" came to have the connotation of Misnagdic (non-Hasidic) Judaism generally, and to be used for all Jews who follow the traditions of the great Lithuanian yeshivot, whether or not their ancestors actually came from Lithuania. In modern Israel,
2660:
Based on data by
Institute of Jewish Policy Research, as of 1 January 2016, the core Jewish population of Lithuania is estimated to be 2,700 (0.09% of the wider population), and the enlarged Jewish population was estimated at 6,500 (0.23% of the wider population). The Lithuanian Jewish population is
3227:
numbered around 160,000, or about 7% of the total population. At the beginning of the war, some 12,000 Jewish refugees fled into
Lithuania from Poland; by 1941 the Jewish population of Lithuania had increased to approximately 250,000, or 10% of the total population.
3117:, under which they formed a class of freemen subject in all criminal cases directly to the jurisdiction of the grand duke and his official representatives, and in petty suits to the jurisdiction of local officials on an equal footing with the lesser nobles (
3045:(outside the Hasidic camp) are successor bodies to the famous yeshivot of Lithuania, though their present-day members may or may not be descended from Lithuanian Jewry. In reality, both the ethnic make-up and the religious traditions of the
2872:" (opposers) of the Hasidi. The Lithuanian traditionalists believed Hassidim represented a threat to Halachic observance due to certain Kabbalistic beliefs held by the Hassidim, that, if misinterpreted, could lead one to heresy as per the
3947:
Durst, Ronen (May 2001), "Recent Origin and Spread of a Common
Lithuanian Mutation, G197del LDLR, Causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Positive Selection Is Not Always Necessary to Account for Disease Incidence among Ashkenazi Jews",
3750:
Glinert, Lewis, âAshkenazi
Pronunciation Tradition: Modernâ, in: Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Edited by: Geoffrey Khan. Consulted online on 24 January 2023. First published online: 2013 First print edition:
3281:, who thought of them as cold fish. They, in turn, disdained Galitzianers as irrational and uneducated. Ira Steingroot's "Yiddish Knowledge Cards" devote a card to this "Ashkenazi version of the
3293:
debate, Hasidism being considered the more emotional and spontaneous form of religious expression. The two groups differed not only in their attitudes and their pronunciation, but also in their
1152:
3149:
destroyed the existing
Lithuanian Jewish institutions. Still, the Jewish population of Lithuania grew from an estimated 120,000 in 1569 to approximately 250,000 in 1792. After the 1793
2657:
Vilna (Vilnius) was occupied by Nazi
Germany in June 1941. Within a matter of months, this famous Jewish community had been devastated with over two-thirds of its population killed.
3150:
1730:
1385:
1080:
1272:
3563:
2839:
2493:
2480:
3726:
244:
5780:
2934:
2849:
1267:
6170:
1515:
4392:
3390:
3663:"The Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 â 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories"
2631:"), Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (1720â1797), to give his rarely used full name, helped make Vilna (modern-day Vilnius) a world center for Talmudic learning.
4853:
4322:
4140:
The
Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 â 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories
1769:
3741:
Joseph
Telushkin. Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People and Its History. NY: William Morrow and Co., 1991.
3538:
3297:. The Galitzianers were known for rich, heavily sweetened dishes in contrast to the plainer, more savory Litvisher versions, with the boundary known as the
6130:
754:
717:
4648:
2926:
pressing for better integration into
European society, and today, many leading academics, scientists, and philosophers are of Lithuanian Jewish descent.
3996:; Bressman, Susan (1995). "Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent descent from a small founder population".
3822:
4529:
4342:
2962:
1693:
2638:
The inter-war
Republic of Lithuania was home to a large and influential Jewish community whose members either fled the country or were murdered when
4677:
4367:
3231:
During the German invasion of June 1941, 141,000 Jews were murdered by the Nazis and Lithuanian collaborators. Notable execution locations were the
2985:
1716:
6176:
1066:
6326:
5276:
4730:
4605:
4557:
4454:
4449:
4264:
2966:
2473:
1643:
1578:
1460:
5271:
4173:
4154:
4129:
4049:
764:
4562:
4414:
1202:
2730:, only to be revived around 1880 in the narrower meaning of "a Lithuanian Jew". The "Lithuania" meant here is the territory of the former
5291:
5286:
4710:
4567:
3843:
3573:
1470:
1287:
1277:
517:
2724:
term denoting "a man from Lithuania", which however went out of use before the 19th century, having been supplanted in this meaning by
6103:
4980:
4514:
4102:
3878:
1866:
1816:
1781:
1475:
1340:
1207:
3041:
Haredi individual or institution. Another reason for this broadening of the term is the fact that many of the leading Israeli Haredi
5131:
4985:
4484:
4444:
4424:
4404:
4307:
4085:
4071:
3210:
2820:("opponents") on the other hand is somewhat outdated, because the opposition between the two groups has lost much of its relevance.
2466:
1558:
1520:
1495:
1415:
1400:
1247:
1187:
1142:
3632:
5040:
4948:
4595:
4419:
3553:
3108:
1851:
1833:
1739:
1633:
1485:
1480:
1405:
1370:
1237:
20:
6205:
3607:
5399:
4600:
4547:
4499:
4494:
4469:
4327:
3723:
2893:
2654:
in Vilnius alone. Census figures from 2005 recorded 4,007 Jews in Lithuania â 0.12 percent of the country's total population.
2369:
2268:
1823:
1806:
1759:
1658:
1568:
1505:
1455:
1435:
1430:
1350:
1324:
1299:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1137:
1132:
4590:
3578:
6331:
5081:
4641:
4524:
4474:
4434:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4332:
4317:
4312:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4042:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Themes and Phenomena of the Jewish Diaspora, Volume 1
3328:
3192:
1842:
1828:
1796:
1776:
1744:
1688:
1663:
1638:
1618:
1608:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1563:
1553:
1548:
1525:
1440:
1425:
1345:
1304:
1257:
1252:
1172:
1117:
2646:, the Lithuanian Jewish population comprised some 160,000 people, or about 7% of the total population. There were over 110
6321:
6182:
5503:
4610:
4552:
4519:
4509:
4489:
4479:
4464:
4459:
4439:
4409:
4377:
4362:
4337:
4273:
3568:
3558:
2263:
1801:
1786:
1749:
1711:
1683:
1673:
1668:
1653:
1648:
1628:
1613:
1598:
1573:
1539:
1510:
1410:
1395:
1319:
1309:
1227:
1197:
1122:
1108:
6245:
3134:, but allowed to return in 1503. The Lithuanian statute of 1566 placed a number of restrictions on the Jews, and imposed
744:
6113:
6108:
5296:
5281:
5045:
5000:
4745:
4504:
4429:
4399:
3543:
2901:
2583:
style of life and learning, whatever their ethnic background. The area where Litvaks lived is referred to in Yiddish as
1871:
1791:
1754:
1678:
1623:
1490:
1465:
1390:
1365:
1355:
1294:
1217:
1212:
1192:
1182:
1162:
1147:
1040:
508:
503:
3266:
Litvaks have an identifiable mode of pronouncing Hebrew and Yiddish; this is often used to determine the boundaries of
6210:
6195:
5076:
4936:
4139:
3662:
3583:
3336:
2957:, which bear the names of their Lithuanian forebears. American "offspring" of the Lithuanian yeshiva movement include
1861:
1856:
1811:
1764:
1450:
1420:
1380:
1375:
1232:
538:
4615:
6164:
6058:
5709:
5603:
5311:
5244:
4805:
4695:
4257:
2958:
2639:
2335:
2180:
1888:
1282:
478:
468:
204:
4585:
3923:"Jewish Genetics, Part 3: Jewish Genetic Diseases (Mediterranean Fever, TayâSachs, pemphigus vulgaris, Mutations)"
3181:
825:
6280:
6220:
6118:
6098:
5968:
5893:
5753:
5620:
5306:
5266:
4634:
3319:. The utility of these variations has been the subject of debate. One variation, which is implicated in familial
2449:
2142:
1993:
1934:
3992:
Risch, Neil; Leon, Deborah de; Ozelius, Laurie; Kramer, Patricia; Almasy, Laura; Singer, Burton; Fahn, Stanley;
6316:
6200:
6031:
5330:
5205:
3636:
3246:
3188:
2889:
2873:
2731:
2540:
2152:
2132:
1242:
722:
263:
3442:
3282:
6153:
6142:
5736:
5657:
5362:
5261:
5200:
5180:
5086:
5059:
3310:
3277:
In the popular perception, Litvaks were considered to be more intellectual and stoic than their rivals, the
3003:
In the 19th century, the Orthodox Ashkenazi residents of the Holy Land, broadly speaking, were divided into
2905:
2293:
2283:
2248:
2127:
2117:
1900:
1071:
1013:
847:
526:
483:
198:
3512:
3429:
3379:
3323:, has been dated to the 14th century, corresponding to the establishment of settlements in response to the
6189:
6159:
5222:
3467:
2412:
2147:
2061:
1127:
679:
298:
268:
2753:
in Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia and northeastern Poland, including SuwaĹki, ĹomĹźa, and BiaĹystok.
674:
6215:
6136:
5918:
5625:
5508:
5249:
5239:
5232:
5217:
5103:
4250:
3517:
3384:
2303:
2298:
2243:
2031:
946:
661:
556:
273:
3808:
3499:
3486:
6250:
6240:
5743:
4715:
3686:
3448:
3360:
3324:
3320:
3146:
3113:
Jews began living in Lithuania as early as the 13th century. In 1388, they were granted a charter by
2946:
2913:
2374:
2326:
2066:
1924:
737:
602:
591:
549:
3401:
5898:
5866:
5792:
5701:
5647:
5254:
5054:
4788:
4753:
3434:
3270:(area of settlement of Litvaks). Its most characteristic feature is the pronunciation of the vowel
3131:
3119:
2970:
2881:
2427:
800:
667:
570:
563:
493:
381:
256:
86:
2973:("Lakewood"), as well as numerous other yeshivas founded by students of Lakewood's founder, Rabbi
6230:
6225:
6036:
5758:
5635:
5630:
5615:
5585:
5538:
5461:
5367:
5227:
4800:
4705:
4672:
4112:
4021:
3993:
3472:
3395:
3352:
2981:
2876:. Differences between the groups grew to the extent that in popular perception "Lithuanian" and "
2746:
2678:
2498:
2278:
2228:
2175:
2170:
2084:
1954:
1222:
1051:
810:
730:
584:
150:
5513:
5389:
2880:" became virtually interchangeable terms. However, a sizable minority of Litvaks belong(ed) to
6014:
5945:
5827:
5812:
5595:
5466:
5431:
4720:
4169:
4150:
4125:
4098:
4081:
4067:
4045:
4013:
3975:
3904:
3298:
2950:
2779:
2742:
2556:
2422:
2364:
2344:
2161:
1721:
1360:
820:
691:
621:
498:
411:
278:
4232:
3867:"A Population-Genetic Test of Founder Effects and Implications for Ashkenazi Jewish Diseases"
3794:
6080:
6048:
6009:
5980:
5963:
5913:
5714:
5523:
5456:
5409:
5357:
5325:
5316:
5301:
5175:
5150:
5126:
5010:
4941:
4858:
4725:
4005:
3965:
3957:
3894:
3886:
3764:
3480:
3417:
2993:
2938:
2930:
2738:
2516:
2392:
2273:
2233:
2197:
1895:
1445:
956:
712:
616:
531:
421:
213:
76:
3922:
5990:
5985:
5797:
5724:
5557:
5528:
5451:
5441:
5404:
5379:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5170:
5165:
5155:
5140:
4931:
4848:
4815:
4773:
4763:
3730:
3525:
3406:
3236:
3091:
3028:
3004:
2997:
2865:
2771:
2721:
2580:
2528:
2354:
2313:
2308:
2288:
2210:
2204:
2137:
2089:
1929:
1910:
1061:
790:
702:
685:
229:
118:
81:
71:
3777:
3767:" (updated June 20, 2014). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3504:
3491:
3339:
in the population has also been identified as possibly stemming from the founder effect.
5691:
3640:
176:
6294:
6269:
6090:
5997:
5955:
5935:
5923:
5903:
5817:
5807:
5775:
5768:
5748:
5719:
5686:
5652:
5562:
5486:
5476:
5414:
5212:
5160:
5071:
5066:
4828:
4823:
4758:
4687:
3970:
3899:
3866:
3461:
3453:
3423:
3365:
3316:
3294:
3154:
3135:
2954:
2942:
2923:
2897:
2767:
2576:
2454:
2253:
2122:
2108:
1988:
1967:
1944:
1939:
1917:
1905:
1500:
981:
915:
880:
858:
795:
633:
611:
473:
452:
428:
194:
130:
114:
3049:
communities are much more diverse. Customs of Lithuanian non-Hasidic Jews consist of:
6310:
6063:
5908:
5835:
5642:
5576:
5549:
5498:
5446:
5419:
5394:
5384:
5145:
5091:
5025:
5005:
4995:
4990:
4963:
4909:
4838:
4783:
4197:
3611:
3373:
3278:
3080:
2974:
2402:
2397:
1603:
1530:
1056:
905:
900:
895:
885:
863:
815:
577:
416:
321:
283:
234:
134:
6043:
5840:
5802:
5763:
5352:
5096:
5035:
5015:
4975:
4958:
4926:
4914:
4875:
4793:
4768:
4025:
3699:
3588:
3548:
3224:
3139:
2643:
2432:
2258:
2099:
2094:
2052:
2005:
1099:
966:
951:
910:
875:
488:
330:
126:
122:
4202:
2560:
4211:
2988:
school; rival approaches were those of the Mir and Telshe yeshivas. In practical
6053:
5568:
5493:
5471:
5374:
4968:
4897:
4892:
4880:
4870:
4242:
4097:. Vilnius: Baltos lankos and Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010,
3170:
3058:
2662:
2661:
concentrated in the capital, Vilnius, with smaller population centres including
2632:
2572:
2417:
2359:
2024:
930:
925:
920:
890:
138:
2619:
No other Jew is more closely linked to a specifically Lithuanian city than the
6147:
5854:
5436:
5030:
4778:
4700:
4236:
4217:
4207:
4107:
4090:
3254:
3240:
3012:
2620:
2075:
1089:
1018:
976:
805:
785:
344:
251:
171:
4221:
4066:; translated from the Hebrew by Adam Teller. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001,
6068:
5533:
5424:
5335:
4953:
4887:
4076:
Alvydas NikĹžentaitis, Stefan Schreiner, Darius StaliĹŤnas, Leonidas Donskis,
3046:
3038:
2877:
2869:
2811:
2793:
2785:
2757:
2647:
2544:
2238:
2223:
1313:
1261:
1023:
971:
961:
642:
638:
628:
543:
303:
48:
4904:
3979:
3908:
991:
4017:
2864:
study. Lithuania became the heartland of the traditionalist opposition to
2810:
are somewhat misleading, because there are also Hasidic Jews from greater
5787:
5729:
5674:
5669:
5340:
3290:
3232:
3114:
3054:
3042:
3008:
2909:
2682:
2407:
2017:
1949:
780:
288:
239:
3956:(5), Roberto Colombo, Shoshi Shpitzen, Liat Ben Avi, et al.: 1172â1188,
6002:
5886:
5881:
5871:
5859:
5679:
5664:
5608:
5543:
5518:
5481:
5345:
5020:
4919:
4735:
4661:
4009:
3809:"The Jerusalem of Lithuania The story of the Jewish community of Vilna"
3332:
3286:
3195: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3064:
Variations in pronunciation (not practiced by most modern-day Litvaks)
3035:
2989:
2918:
2857:
2844:
2827:
2688:
2651:
2624:
2568:
2548:
2383:
2349:
2218:
2012:
1001:
996:
759:
654:
650:
646:
395:
390:
367:
349:
224:
219:
209:
187:
162:
101:
66:
19:
For the general history of Jews in the territory of the Lithuania, see
6073:
5940:
5876:
3882:
3356:
3271:
3124:
3016:
2980:
In theoretical Talmud study, the leading Lithuanian authorities were
2885:
2861:
2775:
2666:
2598:
2564:
2552:
2043:
2038:
1998:
1983:
1094:
986:
406:
372:
358:
293:
3412:
2635:(1910â1982) was born in Vilna, the city about which he would write.
4626:
3961:
3890:
3084:
being pronounced as /s/, making it difficult to differentiate from
6024:
6019:
5973:
5928:
5849:
5844:
5108:
4863:
4833:
4227:
4203:
Collection of photos of Litvaks made in first half of 20th century
3245:
3068:
2843:
2628:
2492:
1006:
435:
339:
308:
3689:". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
3127:, and other free citizens. As a result, the community prospered.
3057:
during non-sabbath days of the intermediate days of the festival
2933:, which was the model for most later yeshivas. Twentieth century
6123:
4657:
3142:, including yellow caps for men and yellow kerchiefs for women.
2750:
2536:
158:
4630:
4246:
3000:, which is regarded as both more analytic and more accessible.
3164:
2929:
The most famous Lithuanian institution of Jewish learning was
3844:"This is no fish tale: Gefilte tastes tell story of ancestry"
2756:
However, following the dispute between the Hasidim and the
4189:
4214:
on contemporary and historic Litvak culture and Litvish
3315:
The Lithuanian Jewish population may exhibit a genetic
4116:; Vilnius: International Cultural Program Center, 2009
3483:, animator, illustrator, scriptwriter and caricaturist
3151:
Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
4064:
The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews of Lithuania
2996:, though today, the "Lithuanian" yeshivas prefer the
2860:
was marked by a concentration on highly intellectual
2702:
means "Lithuanian": the noun for a Lithuanian Jew is
2567:, as well as adjacent areas of modern-day Russia and
3274:
as (as against Sephardic , Germanic and Polish ).
2826:
is also problematic because Hasidim now make use of
2022:
2003:
426:
6089:
5954:
5826:
5700:
5594:
5125:
4814:
4744:
4686:
4576:
4538:
4280:
3564:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
3285:". This difference is of course connected with the
2840:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
107:
95:
57:
39:
34:
4190:Official website of Jewish Community of Lithuania
3376:, one of the few Rabbis to survive the Holocaust
3347:Among notable contemporary Lithuanian Jews are:
2856:The characteristically "Lithuanian" approach to
2814:and many Litvaks who are not Haredim. The term
2782:). Other expressions used for this purpose are
4233:The Story of the Jewish Community in Lithuania
4145:Schoenburg, Stuart; Schoenburg, Nancy (2008).
4642:
4258:
4168:. Jerusalem, Israel: Gefen Publishing House.
3089:
2992:, the Lithuanians traditionally followed the
2821:
2799:
2783:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2692:
2592:
2584:
2474:
8:
3539:Category:People of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
3034:, are often used loosely to include any non-
2815:
2805:
2791:
2761:
2725:
2715:
2608:
2602:
29:
6131:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
3782:YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
3331:to settle in the newly established city of
3138:, including the requirement that they wear
2571:). The term is sometimes used to cover all
718:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
4811:
4649:
4635:
4627:
4265:
4251:
4243:
2539:with roots in the territory of the former
2481:
2467:
2331:
1972:
1045:
852:
457:
326:
145:
28:
4228:MACEVA: Lithuania Jewish Cemetery Project
3969:
3898:
3211:Learn how and when to remove this message
3015:. For this reason, in modern-day Israeli
2963:Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary
2834:Ethnicity, religious customs and heritage
4678:Index of Jewish history-related articles
4224:for the proposed field of Litvak Studies
3335:. A relatively high rate of early-onset
3223:The Jewish Lithuanian population before
6177:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3759:
3757:
3599:
2382:
2334:
2160:
2107:
2074:
2051:
1975:
1841:
1729:
1703:
1538:
1332:
1107:
1079:
938:
772:
701:
601:
516:
460:
380:
357:
329:
157:
2967:Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yisrael Meir HaKohen
2916:, many Litvaks became devotees of the
2497:Map showing percentage of Jews in the
4166:The Massacre of the Jews of Lithuania
4078:The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews
3011:, who were Litvaks influenced by the
7:
4044:. Avrum M. Ehrlich, ABC-CLIO, 2009.
3193:adding citations to reliable sources
2766:(Lithuanians) is often used for all
35:Regions with significant populations
3633:"The Jewish Community of Lithuania"
3574:History of the Jews in South Africa
2922:(Jewish Enlightenment) movement in
2693:
2532:
2520:
6124:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
6104:American Jewish Historical Society
3950:American Journal of Human Genetics
3879:American Society of Human Genetics
3724:Lithuanian population by ethnicity
3700:"Vilnius â Jerusalem of Lithuania"
14:
3795:"Lithuania Historical Background"
3610:. Db1.stat.gov.lt. Archived from
3257:. Cartography by Giedre Beconyte.
3153:, Litvaks became subjects of the
509:Historical population comparisons
6288:
6275:
6274:
3554:History of the Jews in Lithuania
3325:invitation extended by Gediminas
3251:An Atlas of Northeastern Yiddish
3169:
3109:History of the Jews in Lithuania
1153:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1067:Historical population by country
41:
21:History of the Jews in Lithuania
3180:needs additional citations for
3161:Litvaks in the Second World War
3130:In 1495, they were expelled by
6196:Relations with other religions
4274:History of the Jews in Europe
2830:as much as the Litvishe Jews.
1:
6327:Jews and Judaism in Lithuania
6183:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
4198:Website about Jews in Vilnius
4147:Lithuanian Jewish Communities
4113:Seven Kingdoms of the Litvaks
3569:History of the Jews in Poland
3559:History of the Jews in Latvia
2502:
724:Christianity and Judaism
6114:Leo Baeck Institute New York
6109:American Sephardi Federation
3544:Jewish cemeteries of Vilnius
3411:, pop singer from the group
3389:, composer, Laureate of the
3355:(a member of the Lithuanian
4937:Constantinopolitan Karaites
4080:, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004,
3398:, composer and sound artist
3090:
2822:
2816:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2762:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2603:
2593:
2023:
2004:
1731:Latin America and Caribbean
427:
6348:
6165:National Library of Israel
4806:Zionism, race and genetics
3865:Slatkin, M (August 2004).
3579:IsraelâLithuania relations
3420:, philosopher and essayist
3327:in 1323, which encouraged
3308:
3106:
2959:Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin
2837:
2676:
2640:the Holocaust in Lithuania
2336:Jewish political movements
2033:Conversion to Judaism
18:
6263:
6119:Yeshiva University Museum
6099:Center for Jewish History
4668:
4095:Lithuanian Jewish Culture
3823:"Yiddish Knowledge Cards"
3391:Lithuanian National Award
3067:The pronunciation of the
2912:. With the spread of the
2868:. They named themselves "
2610:
2609:
2586:
2585:
739:Hinduism and Judaism
112:
100:
62:
4711:Ancient Israel and Judah
3637:European Jewish Congress
3088:, a phenomenon known as
2749:) dialect was spoken by
2732:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2642:began in 1941. Prior to
2541:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
565:Temple in Jerusalem
258:Bar and bat mitzvah
5087:North African Sephardim
5060:Jewish tribes of Arabia
4124:. Xlibris Corporation.
3784:. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3608:"RodikliĹł duomenĹł bazÄ"
3584:List of Lithuanian Jews
3464:, cellist and conductor
3311:Genetic studies on Jews
2969:("Chofetz Chaim"), and
2714:itself originates from
527:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6190:Holocaust Encyclopedia
6160:Jewish Virtual Library
4323:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4164:Sutton, Karen (2008).
4120:Ozer, Mark N. (2009).
3258:
2853:
2726:
2716:
2543:(covering present-day
2509:
2501:in the Russian Empire
16:Ethnic group of Europe
6332:Ashkenazi Jews topics
6137:Encyclopaedia Judaica
5919:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
5104:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
4854:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
4149:. Jason Aronson Inc.
3513:Aleksandra JacovskytÄ
3443:Grigorijus KanoviÄius
3430:Benjaminas Gorbulskis
3380:Anatolijus Ĺ enderovas
3309:Further information:
3249:
2935:"Lithuanian" yeshivas
2847:
2838:Further information:
2677:Further information:
2496:
1273:SĂŁo TomĂŠ and PrĂncipe
1268:Republic of the Congo
662:Second Temple Judaism
533:Kingdom of Judah
504:Modern historiography
108:Related ethnic groups
6322:Jewish ethnic groups
4716:Second Temple period
3776:Levin, Dov (2010). "
3477:, jazz percussionist
3468:Arkadijus Gotesmanas
3458:, tenor opera singer
3321:hypercholesterolemia
3283:Hatfields and McCoys
3189:improve this article
3147:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3140:distinctive clothing
2375:World Agudath Israel
1516:United Arab Emirates
603:Second Temple period
593:Babylonian captivity
6154:Jewish Encyclopedia
5899:Hekhalot literature
5710:Religious movements
5245:Judeo-Tripolitanian
4539:States with limited
3994:Breakefield, Xandra
3846:. 10 September 1999
3704:litvakai.mch.mii.lt
3132:Alexander Jagiellon
3027:(adjective), or in
3019:parlance the terms
2971:Beth Medrash Govoha
2555:, the northeastern
668:Hellenistic Judaism
246:Land of Israel
205:Principles of faith
31:
6295:Judaism portal
6231:Jews and Halloween
6226:Jews and Christmas
5616:Rabbinic authority
5368:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4801:Xueta Christianity
4706:Origins of Judaism
4673:Outline of Judaism
4010:10.1038/ng0295-152
3729:2009-06-02 at the
3396:Arturas Bumsteinas
3353:Emanuelis Zingeris
3259:
3096:('Sabbath Lingo').
2982:Chaim Soloveitchik
2854:
2850:Lithuanian yeshiva
2747:Lithuanian Yiddish
2679:Lithuanian Yiddish
2510:
2499:Pale of Settlement
2229:Jewish Koine Greek
1771:Dominican Republic
1052:Judaism by country
731:Jews and Christmas
586:Assyrian captivity
6304:
6303:
6270:extinct languages
6171:YIVO Encyclopedia
5946:Hebrew literature
5914:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
5754:Reconstructionist
5432:Judaeo-Portuguese
5121:
5120:
5077:Eastern Sephardim
4721:Synagogal Judaism
4624:
4623:
4175:978-965-229-400-5
4156:978-1-56821-993-6
4131:978-1-4363-6778-3
4122:The Litvak Legacy
4050:978-1-85109-873-6
3871:Am. J. Hum. Genet
3661:Shapiro, Nathan.
3299:Gefilte Fish Line
3221:
3220:
3213:
2798:. Both the words
2780:Sephardic Haredim
2770:Jews who are not
2627:, "the genius of
2491:
2490:
2440:
2439:
2188:
2187:
1935:Reconstructionist
1879:
1878:
1031:
1030:
838:
837:
675:JewishâRoman wars
623:Hasmonean dynasty
539:Kingdom of Israel
443:
442:
144:
143:
6339:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6278:
6277:
5410:Judeo-Golpaygani
5011:Palestinian Jews
4986:Alexandrian Jews
4942:Crimean Karaites
4859:Unterlander Jews
4812:
4726:Rabbinic Judaism
4651:
4644:
4637:
4628:
4577:Dependencies and
4281:Sovereign states
4267:
4260:
4253:
4244:
4194:
4179:
4160:
4138:Nathan Shapiro,
4135:
4030:
4029:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3927:www.khazaria.com
3919:
3913:
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3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3811:. Yadvashem.org.
3805:
3799:
3798:
3797:. Yadvashem.org.
3791:
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3774:
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3761:
3752:
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3683:
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3676:
3674:
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3667:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3639:. Archived from
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3604:
3521:
3508:
3500:Marius Jacovskis
3495:
3487:Adomas Jacovskis
3481:Ilja Bereznickas
3476:
3457:
3438:
3418:Leonidas Donskis
3410:
3388:
3369:
3216:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3196:
3173:
3165:
3095:
2994:Aruch HaShulchan
2931:Volozhin yeshiva
2825:
2819:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2765:
2743:Litvishe Yiddish
2739:Yiddish dialects
2729:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2696:
2695:
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2614:
2612:
2606:
2596:
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2534:
2522:
2507:
2504:
2483:
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2332:
2213:
2034:
2028:
2009:
1973:
1920:
1867:New Zealand
1819:
1782:El Salvador
1772:
1704:Northern America
1696:
1290:
1046:
957:Crimean Karaites
853:
831:
829:
750:
748:
740:
734:
725:
713:Rabbinic Judaism
694:
688:
682:
670:
658:
624:
617:Maccabean Revolt
594:
587:
581:
573:
566:
560:
552:
534:
458:
432:
327:
259:
247:
146:
47:
45:
44:
32:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6317:Lithuanian Jews
6307:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6289:
6287:
6259:
6085:
5950:
5822:
5696:
5590:
5405:Judeo-Borujerdi
5380:Judeo-Malayalam
5326:Judeo-Aragonese
5297:Lishanid Noshan
5129:
5117:
4849:Oberlander Jews
4810:
4740:
4682:
4664:
4655:
4625:
4620:
4578:
4572:
4558:Northern Cyprus
4540:
4534:
4455:North Macedonia
4276:
4271:
4192:
4186:
4176:
4163:
4157:
4144:
4132:
4119:
4059:
4057:Further reading
4038:
4033:
3998:Nature Genetics
3991:
3990:
3986:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3931:
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3921:
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3864:
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3793:
3792:
3788:
3775:
3771:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3731:Wayback Machine
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3698:
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3693:
3684:
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3670:
3668:
3665:
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3601:
3597:
3535:
3526:Laurence Harvey
3515:
3502:
3489:
3470:
3451:
3449:Rafailas Karpis
3432:
3404:
3382:
3363:
3361:Markas Zingeris
3345:
3313:
3307:
3264:
3237:Ponary massacre
3217:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3186:
3174:
3163:
3111:
3105:
3092:Sabesdiker losn
2998:Mishnah Berurah
2842:
2836:
2741:in Europe, the
2685:
2675:
2505:
2487:
2442:
2441:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2309:Judeo-Malayalam
2289:Judaeo-Georgian
2209:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2090:Yiddish theatre
2032:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1918:
1891:
1881:
1880:
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1072:Genetic studies
1043:
1033:
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850:
840:
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746:
745:
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728:
723:
705:and Middle Ages
703:Rabbinic period
690:
684:
677:
665:
636:
622:
592:
585:
576:
568:
564:
555:
550:in Judaism
547:
532:
455:
445:
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324:
314:
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257:
245:
190:
119:Belarusian Jews
117:
91:
42:
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5:
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6248:
6243:
6237:non-Christian
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5943:
5938:
5936:Shulchan Aruch
5933:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5924:Sefer Yetzirah
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5904:Pardes Rimonim
5901:
5894:Kabbalah texts
5891:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
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5863:
5862:
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5687:Land of Israel
5684:
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5565:
5563:Judeo-Alsatian
5555:
5554:
5553:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5516:
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5506:
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5496:
5491:
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5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
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5429:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5415:Judeo-Hamedani
5412:
5407:
5402:
5392:
5390:Judaeo-Occitan
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5331:Jewish English
5328:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
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5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5262:Judaeo-Aramaic
5259:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5250:Judeo-Tunisian
5247:
5242:
5240:Judeo-Moroccan
5237:
5236:
5235:
5233:Judeo-Baghdadi
5220:
5215:
5210:
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5116:
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5114:
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5111:
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5099:
5089:
5084:
5082:Livornese Jews
5079:
5069:
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5063:
5062:
5052:
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4856:
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4829:Afrikaner-Jode
4820:
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4579:other entities
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4530:United Kingdom
4527:
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4343:Czech Republic
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4184:External links
4182:
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4155:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4117:
4105:
4103:978-9639776517
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4004:(2): 152â159.
3984:
3962:10.1086/320123
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3891:10.1086/423146
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3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3510:
3509:, scenographer
3497:
3496:, scenographer
3484:
3478:
3465:
3462:David Geringas
3459:
3446:
3440:
3427:
3424:Icchokas Meras
3421:
3415:
3402:Gidonas Ĺ apiro
3399:
3393:
3377:
3371:
3344:
3343:Notable people
3341:
3317:founder effect
3306:
3303:
3263:
3260:
3219:
3218:
3177:
3175:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3155:Russian Empire
3136:sumptuary laws
3107:Main article:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3076:
3062:
2924:Eastern Europe
2898:Karlin (Pinsk)
2882:Hasidic groups
2835:
2832:
2674:
2671:
2575:who follow an
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2370:Territorialism
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2254:Judaeo-Spanish
2251:
2249:Judaeo-Iranian
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1837:
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1831:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
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1789:
1784:
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1774:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
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1742:
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1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:United Kingdom
1691:
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1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
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1636:
1631:
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1528:
1523:
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1508:
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1498:
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1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
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1433:
1428:
1423:
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1408:
1403:
1398:
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1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
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1358:
1353:
1348:
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1322:
1317:
1307:
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1285:
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1215:
1210:
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1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Bilad-el-Sudan
1125:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1081:Land of Israel
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
941:
940:
939:Related groups
936:
935:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
872:
871:
866:
851:
846:
845:
842:
841:
836:
835:
834:
833:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
796:Jewish atheism
793:
788:
783:
775:
774:
770:
769:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:IslamicâJewish
742:
735:
720:
715:
707:
706:
699:
698:
697:
696:
672:
659:
631:
626:
619:
614:
612:Yehud Medinata
606:
605:
599:
598:
597:
596:
589:
582:
574:
561:
553:
541:
536:
529:
521:
520:
518:Ancient Israel
514:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
474:Land of Israel
471:
463:
462:
456:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
440:
439:
438:
433:
429:Shulchan Aruch
424:
419:
414:
409:
401:
400:
399:
398:
393:
385:
384:
378:
377:
376:
375:
370:
362:
361:
355:
354:
353:
352:
347:
342:
334:
333:
325:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
254:
249:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
207:
202:
195:God in Judaism
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
174:
166:
165:
155:
154:
142:
141:
131:Ukrainian Jews
115:Ashkenazi Jews
110:
109:
105:
104:
98:
97:
93:
92:
90:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
60:
59:
55:
54:
51:
37:
36:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6344:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6297:
6296:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6221:Protestantism
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5909:Sefer HaBahir
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5836:Sifrei Kodesh
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5692:Who is a Jew?
5690:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5621:Chosen people
5619:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5578:
5577:Scots-Yiddish
5575:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5550:Klezmer-loshn
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:Judeo-Shirazi
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5395:Judeo-Persian
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Judeo-Marathi
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5363:Judeo-Italian
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Judeo-Amazigh
5216:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:Hadhrami Jews
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:Mountain Jews
5004:
5002:
5001:Egyptian Jews
4999:
4997:
4996:Bukharan Jews
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Lists of Jews
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4591:Faroe Islands
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4563:South Ossetia
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4415:Liechtenstein
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:90-420-0850-4
4083:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:965-308-084-9
4069:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3943:
3940:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3858:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3751:9789004176423
3747:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3664:
3657:
3654:
3643:on 2014-11-06
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3614:on 2013-10-14
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3374:Ephraim Oshry
3372:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3215:
3212:
3204:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3178:This section
3176:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2975:Aharon Kotler
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:Enlightenment
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2894:Karlin-Stolin
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2500:
2495:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Judeo-Aramaic
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Judeo-Italian
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:Denominations
1885:
1884:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:United States
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Guinea-Bissau
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Lists of Jews
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
937:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
856:
855:
854:
849:
844:
843:
832:
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:The Holocaust
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
743:
741:
736:
732:
726:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
704:
700:
693:
687:
681:
676:
673:
669:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
604:
600:
595:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
572:
567:
562:
558:
554:
551:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
522:
519:
515:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
448:
437:
434:
431:
430:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:Mishneh Torah
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
383:
379:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
360:
356:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
336:
335:
332:
328:
323:
318:
317:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
255:
253:
250:
248:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
206:
203:
200:
196:
193:
192:
189:
184:
183:
178:
177:Who is a Jew?
175:
173:
170:
169:
168:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:
140:
136:
135:Estonian Jews
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
106:
103:
99:
94:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
61:
56:
52:
50:
38:
33:
22:
6286:
6279:
6265:
6188:
6181:
6169:
6152:
6135:
5969:perspectives
5803:Samaritanism
5764:Neo-Hasidism
5744:Conservative
5658:Names of God
5567:
5548:
5358:Judaeo-Greek
5353:Judeo-Gascon
5292:LishĂĄn DidĂĄn
5287:Lishana Deni
5255:Judeo-Yemeni
5223:Judeo-Arabic
5097:Meshuchrarim
5016:Persian Jews
4949:Kurdish Jews
4927:Kaifeng Jews
4876:Beta Abraham
4843:
4839:Galitzianers
4794:Antisemitism
4769:Israeli Jews
4754:Assimilation
4568:Transnistria
4222:Reading list
4193:(in English)
4165:
4146:
4121:
4111:
4094:
4077:
4063:
4041:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3930:. Retrieved
3926:
3917:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3817:
3803:
3789:
3781:
3772:
3746:
3737:
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3703:
3694:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3656:
3645:. Retrieved
3641:the original
3627:
3616:. Retrieved
3612:the original
3602:
3589:Minhag Polin
3549:Vilna Ghetto
3346:
3314:
3279:Galitzianers
3276:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3230:
3225:World War II
3222:
3207:
3198:
3187:Please help
3182:verification
3179:
3144:
3129:
3118:
3112:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3002:
2979:
2928:
2917:
2884:, including
2855:
2848:Portrait of
2755:
2737:Of the main
2736:
2686:
2659:
2656:
2644:World War II
2637:
2618:
2597:, hence the
2524:
2512:
2511:
2433:Post-Zionism
2304:Judeo-Berber
2299:Judeo-Arabic
2259:Judeo-Gascon
2006:Pidyon haben
1925:Conservative
1471:Saudi Arabia
1289:South Africa
1278:Sierra Leone
1100:Israeli Jews
1014:Mosaic Arabs
967:Kaifeng Jews
868:
828:ArabâIsraeli
801:Emancipation
680:Great Revolt
489:Anti-Judaism
484:Antisemitism
479:Name "Judea"
274:Baal teshuva
127:Latvian Jews
123:Russian Jews
26:Ethnic group
6211:Catholicism
5793:Hellenistic
5631:Eschatology
5569:Lachoudisch
5494:Lotegorisch
5472:Lachoudisch
5462:KoinĂŠ Greek
5375:Judeo-Latin
5312:Palestinian
5206:Palestinian
5055:MustaĘżravim
4981:Afghan Jews
4969:Berber Jews
4893:Bene Israel
4881:Falash Mura
4871:Beta Israel
4789:Persecution
4731:Middle Ages
4606:Isle of Man
4541:recognition
4515:Switzerland
4450:Netherlands
4062:Dov Levin,
3516: [
3503: [
3490: [
3471: [
3452: [
3433: [
3405: [
3383: [
3364: [
3329:German Jews
3235:woods (see
3059:chol hamoed
3053:Wearing of
2708:. The term
2633:Chaim Grade
2573:Haredi Jews
2563:regions of
2506: 1905
2428:Revisionist
2418:Neo-Zionism
2025:Zeved habat
1818:Puerto Rico
1644:Netherlands
1476:South Korea
1461:Philippines
1341:Afghanistan
1208:Ivory Coast
982:Crypto-Jews
947:Bnei Anusim
926:Bene Israel
891:Beta Israel
848:Communities
755:Middle Ages
494:Persecution
269:Bereavement
139:Polish Jews
6311:Categories
6206:Anabaptism
6148:Jew (word)
6015:Leadership
5828:Literature
5813:Secularism
5759:Humanistic
5626:Conversion
5596:Philosophy
5437:Judeo-Urdu
5201:Babylonian
5046:Saada Jews
5031:Adeni Jews
4824:Ashkenazim
4779:Samaritans
4746:Population
4701:Israelites
4485:San Marino
4445:Montenegro
4425:Luxembourg
4405:Kazakhstan
4308:Azerbaijan
4237:Yad Vashem
4218:Dovid Katz
4208:Dovid Katz
4108:Dovid Katz
4091:Dovid Katz
4036:References
3932:18 October
3885:: 282â93.
3850:18 October
3828:18 October
3709:18 October
3671:7 December
3647:2014-11-06
3618:2013-04-16
3439:, composer
3255:Dovid Katz
3241:Ninth Fort
3239:) and the
3201:April 2014
3023:(noun) or
3013:Vilna Gaon
2902:Lechovitch
2823:Yeshivishe
2786:Yeshivishe
2691:adjective
2648:synagogues
2621:Vilna Gaon
2413:Maximalism
2365:Secularism
2345:Autonomism
2162:Literature
1955:Humanistic
1559:Azerbaijan
1521:Uzbekistan
1496:Tajikistan
1416:Kyrgyzstan
1401:Kazakhstan
1248:Mozambique
1223:Madagascar
1143:Cape Verde
1095:New Yishuv
1090:Old Yishuv
1041:Population
1019:Subbotniks
977:Samaritans
916:Romanyotim
859:Ashkenazim
806:Old Yishuv
786:Sabbateans
773:Modern era
765:Golden Age
692:Bar Kokhba
412:Beit Yosef
279:Philosophy
87:Lithuanian
6268:indicate
6216:Mormonism
6201:Christian
6081:Symbolism
6069:Synagogue
6049:Mythology
6010:Education
5981:Astronomy
5964:Astrology
5781:relations
5586:Zarphatic
5534:Galitzish
5336:Yeshivish
5213:Catalanic
5176:Samaritan
5151:Ashkenazi
5132:Diasporic
5127:Languages
5072:Sephardim
5067:Romaniote
4954:Krymchaks
4888:Desi Jews
4764:Buddhists
4596:Gibraltar
4420:Lithuania
4235:â on the
3778:Lithuania
3765:Lithuania
3687:Lithuania
3522:, painter
3351:Brothers
3071:as /ej/ (
3047:misnagged
3039:Ashkenazi
3025:Litvisher
2878:misnagged
2874:Frankists
2870:misnagdim
2817:Misnagdim
2812:Lithuania
2794:Misnagdim
2774:(and not
2758:Misnagdim
2673:Etymology
2611:×Ö´××Ö¸×Ö´××
2577:Ashkenazi
2561:BiaĹystok
2545:Lithuania
2533:×Ö´××Ö¸×Ö´××
2521:××××°×֡קעץ
2423:Religious
2279:Zarphatic
2269:Bukharian
2239:Judeo-Tat
2224:Yeshivish
2198:Languages
2153:Sephardic
2143:Israelite
2133:Ethiopian
2123:Ashkenazi
2062:Religious
1852:Australia
1834:Venezuela
1740:Argentina
1722:Greenland
1634:Lithuania
1486:Sri Lanka
1481:Singapore
1406:Kurdistan
1371:Indonesia
1361:Hong Kong
1314:Abayudaya
1238:Mauritius
972:Igbo Jews
962:Krymchaks
881:Sephardim
749:relations
643:Sadducees
639:Pharisees
629:Sanhedrin
544:Jerusalem
304:Synagogue
172:Etymology
58:Languages
49:Lithuania
6281:Category
6251:Hinduism
6241:Buddhism
6143:Genetics
6059:Politics
6032:Marriage
5991:Holidays
5986:Calendar
5867:Rabbinic
5843:/Hebrew
5788:Haymanot
5715:Orthodox
5702:Branches
5675:Kabbalah
5670:Haskalah
5648:Holiness
5524:dialects
5504:Shassagh
5467:Krymchak
5447:Kayliùùa
5341:Yinglish
5317:Galilean
5307:Talmudic
5302:Biblical
5277:Betanure
5196:Biblical
5191:Mishnaic
5186:Medieval
5171:Tiberian
5166:Yemenite
5156:Sephardi
5092:Paradesi
5036:Ḥabbanim
5026:Teimanim
4991:Baghdadi
4964:Maghrebi
4932:Karaites
4910:GruzĂnim
4898:Kochinim
4816:Diaspora
4774:Karaites
4759:Atheists
4696:Timeline
4616:Svalbard
4601:Guernsey
4548:Abkhazia
4500:Slovenia
4495:Slovakia
4470:Portugal
4328:Bulgaria
3980:11309683
3909:15208782
3727:Archived
3533:See also
3445:, writer
3426:, writer
3370:(writer)
3337:dystonia
3305:Genetics
3291:misnaged
3233:Paneriai
3120:szlachta
3115:Vytautas
3055:tefillin
3043:yeshivas
3009:Perushim
2984:and the
2955:Slabodka
2939:Ponevezh
2937:include
2910:Koidanov
2866:Hasidism
2852:students
2828:yeshivot
2801:Litvishe
2776:Hardalim
2683:Ostjuden
2663:KlaipÄda
2652:yeshivas
2450:Category
2408:Kahanism
2355:Feminism
2327:Politics
2211:Biblical
2181:American
2128:Bukharan
2118:American
2018:Shidduch
1994:Clothing
1950:Haymanot
1896:Orthodox
1824:Suriname
1807:Paraguay
1760:Colombia
1659:Portugal
1569:Bulgaria
1506:Thailand
1456:Pakistan
1436:Mongolia
1431:Malaysia
1351:Cambodia
1325:Zimbabwe
1300:Tanzania
1178:Eswatini
1168:Ethiopia
1158:Djibouti
1138:Cameroon
1133:Botswana
1062:Diaspora
1024:Noahides
997:Marranos
921:Cochinim
906:Bukharim
896:Gruzinim
886:Teimanim
876:Mizrahim
864:Galician
830:conflict
791:Hasidism
781:Haskalah
686:Diaspora
557:timeline
469:Timeline
382:Rabbinic
289:Kabbalah
264:Marriage
240:Tzedakah
230:Holidays
188:Religion
151:a series
149:Part of
96:Religion
6266:Italics
6091:Studies
6037:Divorce
6003:Kashrut
5998:Cuisine
5956:Culture
5887:Midrash
5882:Tosefta
5872:Mishnah
5860:Ketuvim
5855:Nevi'im
5818:Schisms
5808:Science
5798:Karaite
5769:Renewal
5730:Litvaks
5725:Hasidic
5680:Sefirot
5665:Halakha
5636:Messiah
5609:Mitzvah
5604:Beliefs
5558:Western
5544:Poylish
5539:Litvish
5529:Eastern
5519:Yiddish
5514:Shuadit
5499:QwareĂąa
5487:Tetuani
5482:Haketia
5457:Knaanic
5452:Kivruli
5400:Bukhori
5346:Heblish
5282:HulaulĂĄ
5272:Barzani
5228:Yahudic
5161:Mizrahi
5021:Urfalim
4976:Mizrahi
4920:Neofiti
4915:Italkim
4844:Lita'im
4736:Zionism
4688:History
4662:Judaism
4525:Ukraine
4475:Romania
4435:Moldova
4393:Ireland
4388:Iceland
4383:Hungary
4373:Germany
4368:Georgia
4358:Finland
4353:Estonia
4348:Denmark
4333:Croatia
4318:Belgium
4313:Belarus
4303:Austria
4298:Armenia
4293:Andorra
4288:Albania
4239:website
4212:studies
4026:5922128
4018:7719342
3971:1226098
3900:1216062
3528:, actor
3333:Vilnius
3295:cuisine
3287:Hasidic
3262:Culture
3103:History
3036:Hasidic
3005:Hasidim
2990:halakha
2986:Brisker
2919:Haskala
2858:Judaism
2807:Lita'im
2772:Hasidim
2763:Lita'im
2699:Litvish
2694:××××××׊
2689:Yiddish
2650:and 10
2625:Yiddish
2613:
2604:Lita'im
2589:
2581:Hasidic
2569:Ukraine
2557:SuwaĹki
2549:Belarus
2525:Lita'im
2517:Yiddish
2513:Litvaks
2393:General
2384:Zionism
2360:Leftism
2350:Bundism
2274:Knaanic
2234:Yevanic
2219:Yiddish
2176:Yiddish
2171:Israeli
2148:Mizrahi
2138:Israeli
2109:Cuisine
2085:Ancient
2067:Secular
2013:Kashrut
1989:Wedding
1976:Customs
1968:Culture
1945:Science
1940:Renewal
1930:Karaite
1911:Hasidic
1843:Oceania
1829:Uruguay
1797:Jamaica
1777:Ecuador
1745:Bolivia
1689:Ukraine
1664:Romania
1639:Moldova
1619:Hungary
1609:Germany
1604:Georgia
1594:Finland
1589:Estonia
1584:Denmark
1579:Czechia
1564:Belarus
1554:Austria
1549:Armenia
1526:Vietnam
1441:Myanmar
1426:Lebanon
1346:Bahrain
1305:Tunisia
1283:Somalia
1258:Nigeria
1253:Namibia
1243:Morocco
1173:Eritrea
1118:Algeria
1002:Neofiti
911:Italkim
901:Juhurim
811:Zionism
760:Khazars
655:Sicarii
651:Zealots
647:Essenes
634:Schisms
499:Leaders
461:General
453:History
396:Tosefta
391:Midrash
368:Mishnah
350:Ketuvim
345:Nevi'im
294:Customs
225:Shabbat
220:Halakha
212: (
210:Mitzvot
197: (
163:Judaism
102:Judaism
77:Russian
67:Yiddish
30:Litvaks
6074:Hazzan
6064:Prayer
5941:Siddur
5877:Talmud
5841:Tanakh
5776:Neolog
5749:Reform
5737:Modern
5720:Haredi
5643:Ethics
5509:Shassi
5477:Ladino
5442:Karaim
5425:Juhuri
5267:Targum
5181:Signed
5146:Modern
5141:Hebrew
5109:Xuetes
4905:DĂśnmeh
4864:Yekkes
4611:Jersey
4553:Kosovo
4520:Turkey
4510:Sweden
4490:Serbia
4480:Russia
4465:Poland
4460:Norway
4440:Monaco
4410:Latvia
4378:Greece
4363:France
4338:Cyprus
4172:
4153:
4128:
4101:
4084:
4070:
4048:
4024:
4016:
3978:
3968:
3907:
3897:
3883:PubMed
3359:) and
3357:Seimas
3125:boyars
3032:Litaim
3029:Hebrew
3021:Litvak
3017:Haredi
2953:, and
2943:Telshe
2890:Slonim
2886:Chabad
2862:Talmud
2768:Haredi
2727:Litwin
2722:Polish
2717:Litwak
2711:Litvak
2705:Litvak
2667:Kaunas
2599:Hebrew
2579:, non-
2565:Poland
2553:Latvia
2535:) are
2529:Hebrew
2455:Portal
2314:Domari
2244:Shassi
2205:Hebrew
2100:Humour
2044:Hiloni
2039:Aliyah
1999:Niddah
1984:Minyan
1919:Reform
1906:Haredi
1901:Modern
1802:Mexico
1787:Guyana
1750:Brazil
1712:Canada
1684:Sweden
1674:Serbia
1669:Russia
1654:Poland
1649:Norway
1629:Latvia
1614:Greece
1599:France
1574:Cyprus
1540:Europe
1511:Turkey
1501:Taiwan
1411:Kuwait
1396:Jordan
1386:Israel
1320:Zambia
1310:Uganda
1228:Malawi
1198:Guinea
1188:Gambia
1123:Angola
1109:Africa
992:DĂśnmeh
987:Anusim
931:Berber
869:Litvak
821:Israel
727:
664:
578:Second
546:
407:Targum
373:Gemara
359:Talmud
331:Tanakh
284:Ethics
235:Prayer
113:Other
82:Polish
72:Hebrew
46:
6246:Islam
6054:Names
6044:Music
6025:Rebbe
6020:Rabbi
5974:Monen
5929:Zohar
5850:Torah
5845:Bible
4959:Lemba
4834:Chuts
4586:Ă
land
4505:Spain
4430:Malta
4400:Italy
4022:S2CID
3877:(2).
3666:(PDF)
3595:Notes
3520:]
3507:]
3494:]
3475:]
3456:]
3437:]
3409:]
3387:]
3368:]
3272:holam
3253:, by
3069:holam
2906:Amdur
2629:Vilna
2601:term
2523:) or
2403:Labor
2398:Green
2095:Dance
2053:Music
1872:Palau
1792:Haiti
1755:Chile
1679:Spain
1624:Italy
1531:Yemen
1491:Syria
1466:Qatar
1446:Nepal
1391:Japan
1366:India
1356:China
1295:Sudan
1218:Libya
1213:Kenya
1193:Ghana
1183:Gabon
1163:Egypt
1148:Benin
1007:Xueta
952:Lemba
571:First
436:Zohar
340:Torah
322:Texts
309:Rabbi
299:Rites
199:names
53:2,800
4660:and
4658:Jews
4170:ISBN
4151:ISBN
4126:ISBN
4099:ISBN
4082:ISBN
4068:ISBN
4046:ISBN
4014:PMID
3976:PMID
3934:2018
3905:PMID
3881:via
3852:2018
3830:2018
3711:2018
3673:2013
3268:Lita
3145:The
3081:shin
3078:The
3007:and
2951:Kelm
2908:and
2804:and
2790:and
2751:Jews
2720:, a
2687:The
2681:and
2665:and
2623:(in
2594:Lite
2587:×××ע
2559:and
2537:Jews
1862:Guam
1857:Fiji
1812:Peru
1765:Cuba
1451:Oman
1421:Laos
1381:Iraq
1376:Iran
1333:Asia
1262:Igbo
1233:Mali
252:Brit
161:and
159:Jews
5653:God
4006:doi
3966:PMC
3958:doi
3895:PMC
3887:doi
3780:".
3413:ŽAS
3191:by
3123:),
3086:sin
2947:Mir
2778:or
2616:).
2076:Art
422:Tur
214:613
6313::
4220::
4210::
4110:,
4093:,
4020:.
4012:.
4000:.
3974:,
3964:,
3954:68
3952:,
3925:.
3903:.
3893:.
3875:75
3873:.
3869:.
3756:^
3702:.
3635:.
3518:lt
3505:lt
3492:lt
3473:lt
3454:lt
3435:lt
3407:lt
3385:lt
3366:lt
3301:.
3243:.
3157:.
3075:).
3073:ei
2977:.
2965:,
2961:,
2949:,
2945:,
2941:,
2904:,
2900:,
2896:,
2892:,
2888:,
2734:.
2669:.
2551:,
2547:,
2531::
2519::
2503:c.
689:,
683:,
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
153:on
137:,
133:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
5134:)
5130:(
4650:e
4643:t
4636:v
4266:e
4259:t
4252:v
4178:.
4159:.
4134:.
4052:.
4028:.
4008::
4002:9
3960::
3936:.
3911:.
3889::
3854:.
3832:.
3763:"
3713:.
3685:"
3675:.
3650:.
3621:.
3289:/
3214:)
3208:(
3203:)
3199:(
3185:.
3061:.
2745:(
2607:(
2527:(
2515:(
2508:.
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1312:(
1264:)
1260:(
733:)
729:(
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678:(
671:)
666:(
657:)
637:(
580:)
569:(
559:)
548:(
216:)
201:)
23:.
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