623:. Liu Zhang and Liu Chan were taken in by the Wu forces, and Sun Quan, seeking to establish a claim to the rest of Liu Bei's territory, appointed Liu Zhang as the Governor of Yi Province, which was his previous appointment before Liu Bei seized it from him. However, Sun Quan made no further attempts to invade Liu Bei's territory, and Liu Zhang died shortly after becoming a vassal under Sun Quan. Liu Chan continued to serve in Eastern Wu while Liu Xun served in
488:
54:
690:, contemporary accounts evaluate Liu Zhang as being benevolent and unambitious but weak-willed and ineffectual ruler, who lacked the authority and decisiveness to sufficiently control and administer the state. His modesty safeguarded Yi Province from the outside, his leniency lead to many internal troubles and disloyalty in his state.
514:
During his rule over Yi
Province, Liu Zhang's soft and timid nature and lack of decisiveness led to widespread resentment from the people of Yi Province. Due to Liu Zhang's laxity, his laws and authority was too feeble to control the clans and officials of Yi, while Liu Yan's former army composed of
537:
In late 208, Liu Zhang received news that Cao Cao was attacking
Jingzhou and had already occupied Hanzhong. He dispatched Yin Pu (阴溥) as an emissary to pay homage to Cao. Cao then recommended that Liu Zhang and his brother Liu Mao (husband of
530:. Dongzhou military, fearing for their potential loss if Liu Zhang were defeated, came to Liu Zhang's aid. The combined forces beat back Zhao Wei, forcing him to retreat to Jiangzhou, where he would die soon after. In the same year,
519:(東州兵), subjugated and bullied the local people. Zhao Wei used the opportunity to earn people's trust behind Liu Zhang's back. Due to the resentment of the people of Yi, Zhao Wei then established relations with the eminent families of
571:
and others tried to persuade Liu Zhang not to accept Liu Bei into his territory, but their pleas were ignored and Liu Bei was welcomed as a guest of Liu Zhang where he would go to the front to fight against Zhang Lu.
841:((先是，南陽、三輔人流入益州數万家，收以為兵，名曰東州兵。璋性寬柔，無威略，東州人侵暴舊民，璋不能禁，政令多闕，益州頗怨。趙韙素得人心，璋委任之。韪因民怨谋叛，乃厚赂荆州请和，阴结州中大姓，与俱起兵，还击璋。蜀郡、广汉、犍为皆应韪。璋驰入成都城守，东州人畏威，咸同心并力助璋，皆殊死战，遂破反者，进攻韪於江州。韪将庞乐、李异反杀韪军，斩韪。汉献帝春秋曰：汉朝闻益州乱，遣五官中郎将牛亶为益州刺史；徵璋为卿，不至。)
534:, who had previously recognised Liu Yan as his master, also rebelled against Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang had Zhang Lu's mother, and younger brother(s) executed; the pair became enemies from this point on.
369:
471:, Liu Zhang spent his early career at the Han imperial court as an assistant to his two eldest brothers, Liu Fan and Liu Dan. They served at the court when it was controlled by the warlords
595:
and Hu Jing pleaded to their master to resist at all costs, but Liu Zhang rejected their pleas, saying "I don't want my subjects to suffer any more." He then surrendered to Liu Bei.
575:
When Zhang Song's true intentions were revealed to Liu Zhang by Zhang Song's elder brother Zhang Su, he executed Zhang Song and began his battle against Liu Bei, who then began his
495:
In 194, following the deaths of his elder brothers, though Liu Zhang's brother Liu Mao was still alive at this time, Liu Zhang was nominated to take over the governorship of
770:
annotation in the same volume claimed that Liu Yan feigned illness, which gave Liu Zhang the excuse to leave the imperial court. (《典略》曰：时璋为奉车都尉，在京师。焉托疾召璋，璋自表省焉，焉遂留璋不还。)
479:. Liu Zhang was sent by the imperial court to admonish his father for brutal actions, but upon arriving his father refused to let him go back to the imperial court.
1055:
1019:
1060:
620:
503:, due to Liu Zhang's timid and kindly nature. Following Liu Zhang's succession, former subordinates Shen Mi (沈彌) and Lou Fa (婁發) rebelled, aided by
699:
576:
378:
416:, and died shortly afterwards. Liu Zhang is often considered an incapable leader but is noted to have been the original lord of some of
1045:
549:, he asked Liu Bei to come to his assistance in the battle against Zhang Lu. The welcoming of Liu Bei was a plan by Zhang Song,
583:
fought hard to defend their master, Liu Bei's forces had the upper hand, and by 214 they had surrounded Yi
Province's capital,
557:
to ultimately make him their leader, since they considered him more ambitious and worthy of serving than Liu Zhang. Wang Lei (
1050:
1003:
686:
673:
468:
405:
295:
182:
718:
Guan Yu was killed in
January or February 220. Since Liu Zhang died shortly after this incident, he likely died in 220.
1040:
779:
Liu Zhang's brother Liu Mao was still alive at this time, but it is unclear if he was older or younger than Liu Zhang.
461:
31:
603:
Soon after surrendering his territory, Liu Bei sent Liu Zhang and his second son Liu Chan to the western part of
592:
449:
588:
568:
445:
531:
441:
860:(蜀郡、广汉、犍为皆应韪。璋驰入成都城守，东州人畏威，咸同心并力助璋，皆殊死战，遂破反者，进攻韪於江州。韪将庞乐、李异反杀韪军，斩韪。汉献帝春秋曰：汉朝闻益州乱，遣五官中郎将牛亶为益州刺史；徵璋为卿，不至。)
564:
539:
472:
437:
309:
389:
223:
170:
119:
388:, was a Chinese politician and warlord who served as provincial governor who lived in the late
986:
957:
865:
846:
810:
487:
278:
17:
244:
499:
by former Liu Yan's ministers Zhao Wei(赵韪) and Wang Shang(王商) along with other gentries of
350:
935:(刘璋暗弱，自焉已来有累世之恩，文法羁縻，互相承奉，德政不举，威刑不肃。蜀土人士，专权自恣，君臣之道，渐以陵替；宠之以位，位极则贱，顺之以恩，恩竭则慢。所以致弊，实由於此。)
824:(刘璋暗弱，自焉已来有累世之恩，文法羁縻，互相承奉，德政不举，威刑不肃。蜀土人士，专权自恣，君臣之道，渐以陵替；宠之以位，位极则贱，顺之以恩，恩竭则慢。所以致弊，实由於此。)
53:
1034:
652:
604:
520:
508:
382:
330:
526:
In 200, Zhao Wei began his rebellion against Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang fortified within
346:
59:
491:
Map showing the major warlords of the Han dynasty in the 190s, including Liu Zhang
742:
1014:
500:
496:
393:
127:
660:
612:
546:
413:
671:
In popular accounts of the period, such as the 14th-century historical novel
998:
681:
580:
401:
507:
and receiving support from Liu He (劉闔), an official from the neighbouring
727:
Pang Xi's daughter married Liu Xun, Liu Zhang's elder son. (璋长子循妻，庞羲女也。)
608:
550:
504:
429:
421:
656:
642:
624:
616:
584:
554:
527:
425:
417:
409:
397:
314:
194:
542:) be granted positions as generals. Liu Mao later died from illness.
476:
433:
645:
state during the Three
Kingdoms period. His second son, Liu Chan (
248:
788:(兴平元年，痈疽发背而卒。州大吏赵韪等贪璋温仁，共上璋为益州刺史，诏书因以为监军使者，领益州牧，以韪为征东中郎将，率众击刘表。)
743:"An Outline of the Local Administrations of the Later Han Empire"
511:. However, they failed and were forced to flee to Jing Province.
902:(璋闻曹公征荆州，已定汉中，遣河内阴溥致敬于曹公。加璋振威将军，兄瑁平寇将军。瑁狂疾物故。) Sanguozhi, vol.31
805:(英雄記曰：焉死，子璋代為刺史。會長安拜潁川扈瑁為刺史，入漢中。荊州別駕劉闔，璋將沈彌、婁發、甘寧反，擊璋不勝，走入荊州。)
611:'s territory. In the winter of 219-220, however, forces led by
355:
677:, Liu Zhang is portrayed as a foolish and incapable ruler.
641:), served as a General of the Household of Equipage in the
515:
refugees of
Nanyang and regions around Chang'an, named the
635:
Liu Zhang had at least two sons. His eldest son, Liu Xun (
659:
and served as Palace
Assistant Imperial Clerk (御史中丞) in
615:, a subordinate of Sun Quan, captured Liu Bei's general
408:
and ruled the region until 214, when he surrendered to
329:
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305:
288:
265:
254:
238:
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219:
200:
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176:
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125:
115:
71:
39:
984:(“璋能闭隘养力，守案先图，尚可与时推移，而遽输利器，静受流斥，所谓羊质虎皮，见豹则恐，吁哉！”)
412:. Six years later, Liu Zhang again surrendered to
464:, who was Prince of Lu in the early Han dynasty.
523:, intending to raise arms against Liu Zhang.
420:'s most famous generals and officials such as
27:Late 2nd/early 3rd century Eastern Han warlord
646:
636:
558:
8:
1020:Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms
36:
545:In 211, at the suggestion of his adviser
486:
711:
30:For other people named Liu Zhang, see
700:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
7:
392:of China. He became the Governor of
1056:Political office-holders in Sichuan
952:(璋性寬柔，無威略，東州人侵暴舊民，璋不能禁，政令多闕，益州頗怨。)
971:(璋才非人雄，而据土乱世，负乘致寇，自然之理，其见夺取，非不幸也。)
663:during the Three Kingdoms period.
25:
1061:Political office-holders in Hubei
72:General Who Inspires Might (振威將軍)
52:
201:Inspector of Yi Province (益州刺史)
647:
637:
460:Liu Zhang was a descendant of
18:Liu Xun (Liu Zhang's son)
1:
1004:Records of the Three Kingdoms
687:Records of the Three Kingdoms
674:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
651:), accompanied his father to
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148:
141:
105:
98:
90:
83:
579:. Although generals such as
889:(而张鲁稍骄恣，不承顺璋，璋杀鲁母及弟，遂为仇敌。)
483:Governorship of Yi Province
1077:
741:Rafe de Crespigny (1967).
344:
32:Liu Zhang (disambiguation)
29:
559:
404:), succeeding his father
339:
229:
205:
134:
76:
67:
62:illustration of Liu Zhang
51:
46:
1046:Generals under Sun Quan
587:. Liu Zhang's advisers
577:conquest of Yi Province
864:vol.31, annotation of
655:after their defeat by
492:
396:(covering present-day
667:Historical evaluation
621:seizing Jing Province
607:, on the border with
490:
1051:Han dynasty warlords
467:The youngest son of
390:Eastern Han dynasty
325:Politician, warlord
224:Emperor Xian of Han
171:Emperor Xian of Han
120:Emperor Xian of Han
1041:2nd-century births
619:and executed him,
493:
987:Book of Later Han
866:Records of Heroes
762:(献帝使璋晓谕焉，焉留璋不遣。)
750:Chung-chi Journal
517:Dongzhou military
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16:(Redirected from
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1025:Sanguozhi zhu
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1015:Pei, Songzhi
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959:Yingxiong Ji
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452:and others.
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362:
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354:
347:Chinese name
207:
190:Succeeded by
136:
126:Governor of
97: –
78:
60:Qing dynasty
962:annotation.
943:annotation.
851:annotation.
832:annotation.
815:annotation.
796:annotation.
794:Pei Songzhi
501:Yi Province
497:Yi Province
394:Yi Province
351:family name
178:Preceded by
128:Yi Province
1035:Categories
999:Chen, Shou
706:References
661:Eastern Wu
599:Later life
565:Huang Quan
547:Zhang Song
456:Early life
438:Huang Quan
414:Eastern Wu
381:190–219),
322:Occupation
1009:Sanguozhi
989:' 'vol.75
973:Sanguozhi
954:Sanguozhi
939:vol. 35,
937:Sanguozhi
891:Sanguozhi
862:Sanguozhi
843:Sanguozhi
828:vol. 35,
826:Sanguozhi
809:vol. 31,
807:Sanguozhi
790:Sanguozhi
764:Sanguozhi
729:Sanguozhi
682:Chen Shou
581:Zhang Ren
402:Chongqing
363:Liu Zhang
335:Jiyu (季玉)
317:(in-laws)
306:Relatives
245:Qianjiang
208:In office
137:In office
79:In office
41:Liu Zhang
956:vol.31,
926:, vol.67
914:, vol.66
880:, vol.63
845:vol.31,
792:vol.31,
752:: 57–71.
731:, vol.31
694:See also
609:Sun Quan
551:Fa Zheng
532:Zhang Lu
505:Gan Ning
430:Zhang Ni
422:Fa Zheng
345:In this
298:(father)
279:Fei Guan
275:Liu Chan
266:Children
975:vol. 35
768:Dianlüe
657:Liu Bei
643:Shu Han
625:Shu Han
617:Guan Yu
613:Lü Meng
593:Dong He
585:Chengdu
555:Meng Da
540:Lady Wu
528:Chengdu
469:Liu Yan
450:Dong He
426:Meng Da
418:Shu Han
410:Liu Bei
406:Liu Yan
398:Sichuan
315:Pang Xi
310:Lady Wu
296:Liu Yan
281:'s wife
272:Liu Xun
242:Unknown
220:Monarch
195:Liu Bei
183:Liu Yan
167:Monarch
157: (
146: (
116:Monarch
103: (
88: (
941:Shu ji
893:vol.31
830:Shu ji
631:Family
589:Liu Ba
569:Li Hui
477:Guo Si
473:Li Jue
462:Liu Yu
446:Li Yan
434:Liu Ba
349:, the
289:Parent
746:(PDF)
442:Wu Yi
249:Hubei
130:(益州牧)
553:and
475:and
400:and
386:Jiyu
255:Died
239:Born
155:–214
684:'s
680:In
563:),
379:fl.
377:) (
356:Liu
353:is
261:220
215:194
159:214
151:194
144:194
108:220
101:220
93:214
86:214
1037::
1027:).
1011:).
748:.
648:劉闡
638:劉循
627:.
591:,
567:,
560:王累
448:,
444:,
440:,
436:,
432:,
428:,
424:,
259:c.
247:,
213:c.
149:c.
142:c.
106:c.
99:c.
91:c.
84:c.
58:A
47:劉璋
1023:(
1007:(
868:.
365:(
359:.
161:)
153:)
110:)
95:)
34:.
20:)
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