176:
27:
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similarities with modern East Asians, including a rounded shape, wide frontal lobes, and enlarged brain height. One major difference between the
Liujiang specimen and modern Chinese populations was the enlarged occipital lobes found on the Liujiang specimen. The common features between the Liujiang specimen and modern humans, along with the cranial capacity of the skull (1567 cc), places the specimen within the range of modern humans.
159:, to at least 68,000 years ago, but more likely, to approximately 111-139 bp. High rates of variability yielded by various dating techniques carried out by different researchers place the most widely accepted range of dates with 68,000 BP as a minimum, but did not rule out dates as old as 159,000 BP. Any date prior to 50,000 years ago would have bee surprising, as it would seem to predate the "recent dispersal" scenario of
167:"). The remains have been considered in the context of a possible early dispersal which left Africa before 100,000 years ago, but which was extinct (or "retracted back to Africa") before the arrival of the "recent dispersal" wave. A 2024 study provided new age estimates for these remains, recovering them as ~33,000 to 23,000 years old, in line with the age of other modern human fossils in Asia.
200:
The cranium of the
Liujiang specimen is one of the most complete to be found in China. The cranium was found filled with a stone matrix. The matrix filling the brain was scanned using computed tomography (CT) and turned into a reconstructed 3D image of the brain. The shape of the brain shares many
191:
Most scholars have interpreted the cranium of the specimen as male, but have encountered difficulties reaching a consensus in the sex of the pelvis. Scholar Karen
Rosenburg argues that this difficulty is indicative of regional variations in the degree of sexual dimorphism consistent with modern
152:(historically known as "Mongoloid" characteristics), which is quite surprising and suggesting that these features are thus quite old, dating back to early humans, while some argue that this may support an independent origin for East/Southeast Asians within East Asia (multiregional model).
144:
Very little is known about the specimen due to a lack of academic sources published within the United States. There seems to be a discrepancy in determining accurate dates of the specimen due to the unknown stratigraphic context in which the remains were found.
493:
Ge, Junyi; Xing, Song; Grün, Rainer; Deng, Chenglong; Jiang, Yuanjin; Jiang, Tingyun; Yang, Shixia; Zhao, Keliang; Gao, Xing; Yang, Huili; Guo, Zhengtang; Petraglia, Michael D.; Shao, Qingfeng (2024).
594:
258:
Rosenburg, Karen (2002). "A Late
Pleistocene Human Skeleton from Liujiang, China Suggests Regional Population Variation in Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Pelvis".
218:
Shen, G.; Wang, W.; Wang, Q.; Zhao, J.; Collerson, K.; Zhou, C.; Tobias, P. V. (2002). "U-Series dating of
Liujiang hominid site in Guangxi, Southern China".
192:
populations. The degree of morphology variation consistent with modern populations suggest that the fossils may not be as old as previously thought.
391:
A Late
Pleistocene Human Skeleton from Liujiang, China Suggests Regional Population Variation in Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Pelvis.
448:
180:
377:
313:"Human remains from the Pleistocene-Holocene transition of southwest China suggest a complex evolutionary history for East Asians"
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26:
589:
604:
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Wu, XiuJie (2008). "The Brain
Morphology of Homo Liujiang Cranium Fossil by Three-dimensional Computed Tomography".
93:
107:
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The
Liujiang sample was found to have craniometric and morphological similarities to modern day
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Palaeoenvironmental
Changes and Human Dispersals in North and East Asia During MIS3 and MIS2
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Curnoe D, Xueping J, Herries AI, Kanning B, Taçon PS, Zhende B, et al. (2012-03-14).
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The first modern East Asians? Another look at Upper Cave 101, Liujiang and
Minatogawa 1.
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289:
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443:
425:"U-Series Dating of Liujian Hominid Site in Guangxi, Southern China | Request PDF"
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312:
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444:"A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history"
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Kaifu, Yousuke (2012). "Fossil Record of Early Modern Humans in East Asia".
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The remains were excavated in 1958 and consist of a well-preserved adult
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fragments. All remains are believed to have belonged to one individual.
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Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Origins of the Japanese.
372:(„Meer der Wörter“), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002,
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Regional population variation in sexual dimorphism hypothesis
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59:
51:
41:
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414:International Research Center for Japanese Studies
438:Liu, Hua; Prugnolle, Franck; Manica, Andrea;
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25:
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155:The remains were originally dated to the
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595:Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens fossils
499:skeleton from Liujiang southern China"
150:East Asian and Southeast Asian peoples
18:
106:. The remains were discovered in the
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495:"New Late Pleistocene age for the
449:American Journal of Human Genetics
181:National Museum of Natural History
14:
1:
338:10.1371/journal.pone.0031918
298:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.02.017
410:In: Keiichi Omoto (Hrsg.):
621:
516:10.1038/s41467-024-47787-3
220:Journal of Human Evolution
562:10.1007/s11434-008-0263-z
395:Variability and Evolution
260:Variability and Evolution
89:
24:
542:Chinese Science Bulletin
92:) is among the earliest
232:10.1006/jhev.2002.0601
183:
503:Nature Communications
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129:(hip bone), complete
590:Archaeology of China
55:~33,000 to 23,000 BP
554:2008SciBu..53.2513W
329:2012PLoSO...731918C
290:2012QuInt.248....2K
21:
605:History of Guangxi
184:
63:Tongtianyan Cave,
440:Balloux, François
389:Karen Rosenburg:
196:Cranium (1567 cc)
161:coastal migration
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165:Out of Africa II
157:Late Pleistocene
108:Tongtianyan Cave
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60:Place discovered
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442:(August 2006).
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16:Hominin fossil
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548:(16): 2513.
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497:Homo sapiens
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456:(2): 230–7.
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99:Homo sapiens
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82:Liujiang man
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46:Homo sapiens
37:Liujiang man
20:Liujiang man
509:(1). 3611.
133:, multiple
102:) found in
34:Common name
584:Categories
205:References
171:Morphology
137:, and two
127:innominate
125:, a right
380:, S. 1061
179:From the
135:vertebrae
118:, China.
110:(通天岩) in
104:East Asia
570:95685694
526:11058812
480:16826514
357:22431968
317:PLOS ONE
240:12473485
112:Liujiang
600:Liuzhou
550:Bibcode
471:1559480
348:3303470
325:Bibcode
286:Bibcode
139:femoral
123:cranium
116:Guangxi
86:Chinese
42:Species
568:
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355:
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131:sacrum
88::
566:S2CID
370:Cihai
284:: 2.
65:China
476:PMID
393:In:
374:ISBN
353:PMID
236:PMID
80:The
74:1958
558:doi
521:PMC
511:doi
466:PMC
458:doi
343:PMC
333:doi
294:doi
282:248
228:doi
90:柳江人
52:Age
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268:^
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96:(
84:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
