Quotation marks in English - Knowledge (XXG)

792:, if a quotation is broken by words of the main sentence, and then resumed, the punctuation before the break should follow the closing quote unless it forms part of the quotation. An exception may be made when writing fiction, where the first comma may be placed before the first closing quote. In non-fiction, some British publishers may permit placing punctuation that is not part of the person's speech inside the quotation marks but prefer that it be placed outside. Periods and commas that 328:"I wish you joy. If you love Mr. Darcy half as well as I do my dear Wickham, you must be very happy. It is a great comfort to have you so rich, and when you have nothing else to do, I hope you will think of us. I am sure Wickham would like a place at court very much, and I do not think we shall have quite money enough to live upon without some help. Any place would do, of about three or four hundred a year; but however, do not speak to Mr. Darcy about it, if you had rather not. 1064:, requires that there be no space. When a quotation is followed by other writing on a line of text, a space follows the closing quotation mark unless it is immediately followed by other punctuation within the sentence, such as a colon or closing punctuation. (These exceptions are ignored by some Asian computer systems that systematically display quotation marks with the included spacing, as this spacing is part of the fixed-width characters.) 4429: 492:, 17th edition (2017), acknowledges this type of use but, in section 7.57, cautions against its overuse: "Quotation marks are often used to alert readers that a term is used in a nonstandard (or slang), ironic, or other special sense .... hey imply 'This is not my term,' or 'This is not how the term is usually applied.' Like any such device, 872:, whereby commas and periods are almost always placed inside closing quotation marks. This is done because it results in closer spacing and what is judged to be a cleaner appearance. The American style is used by most newspapers, publishing houses, and style guides in the United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada as well. 480:

or to indicate special terminology that should be identified for accuracy's sake as someone else's terminology, as when a term (particularly a controversial term) pre-dates the writer or represents the views of someone else, perhaps without judgement (contrast this neutrally distancing quoting to the negative use of

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Single or double quotation marks denote either speech or a quotation. Double quotes are preferred in the United States, and also tend to be preferred in Australia (though the Australian Government prefers single quotes) and Canada. Single quotes are more usual in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South

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4. Punctuation: a. ... The second member of a pair of quotation marks should precede any other adjacent mark of punctuation, unless the other mark is a necessary part of the quoted matter .... 6. Cited Forms: ... e. After the first occurrence of non-English forms, provide a gloss in single quotation

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With narration of direct speech, both styles retain punctuation inside the quotation marks, with a full stop changing into a comma if followed by attributive matter, also known as a speech tag or annunciatory clause. Americans tend to apply quotations when signifying doubt of veracity (sarcastically

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With regard to quotation marks adjacent to periods and commas, there are two styles of punctuation in widespread use. These two styles are most commonly referred to as "American" and "British", or sometimes "typesetters' quotation" and "logical quotation". Both systems have the same rules regarding

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People also use quotation marks in this way to distance the writer from the terminology in question so as not to be associated with it, for example to indicate that a quoted word is not official terminology, or that a quoted phrase presupposes things that the author does not necessarily agree with;

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In all major forms of English, question marks, exclamation marks, semicolons, and any other punctuation (with the possible exceptions of periods and commas, as explained in the sections below) are placed inside or outside the closing quotation mark depending on whether they are part of the quoted

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that may be nested within a primary quotation. British English often uses single quotation marks to identify the outermost text of a primary quotation versus double quotation marks for inner, nested quotations. By contrast, American English typically uses double quotation marks to identify the

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call the British style "new" quoting. It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages (including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German). A few US professional societies whose professions frequently employ various non-word characters, such as

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text. Because typewriter and computer keyboards lack keys to directly enter typographic quotation marks, much of typed writing has neutral quotation marks. Some computer software has the feature often called "smart quotes" which can, sometimes imperfectly, convert neutral quotation marks to

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in more levels than inner and outer quotation. Nesting levels up to five can be found in the Christian Bible. In these cases, questions arise about the form (and names) of the quotation marks to be used. The most common way is to simply alternate between the two forms, thus:

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There is generally no space between an opening quotation mark and the following word, or a closing quotation mark and the preceding word. When a double quotation mark or a single quotation mark immediately follows the other, proper spacing for legibility may suggest that a

637:), whereas the titles of minor works within or a subset of the larger publication (such as poems, short stories, named chapters, journal papers, newspaper articles, TV show episodes, video game levels, editorial sections of websites, etc.) are written with quotation marks. 1741:

characters or if the mark begins a line, the mark will be rendered as an opening quote; if not, it will be rendered as a closing quote or apostrophe. This method can cause errors, especially for contractions that start with an apostrophe or text with nested quotations:

839:(members of a subculture of enthusiastic programmers) switched to what they later discovered to be the British quotation system because placing a period inside a quotation mark can change the meaning of data strings that are meant to be typed character-for-character. 901:

Nevertheless, many American style guides explicitly permit periods and commas outside the quotation marks when the presence of the punctuation mark inside the quotation marks leads to ambiguity, such as when describing keyboard input, as in the following example:

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title or name. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround should be taken to be different from (or, at least, a modification of) that typically associated with it, and are often used in this way to express

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Quotation marks, rather than italics, are generally used for the titles of shorter works. Whether these are single or double depends on the context; however, many styles, especially for poetry, prefer the use of single quotation marks.

364:; it is not a direct quote, and in the course of any composition, it is important to document when one is using a quotation versus when one is just giving content, which may be paraphrased, and which could be open to interpretation. 1701:

To make typographic quotation marks easier to enter, publishing software often automatically converts typewriter quotation marks (and apostrophes) to typographic form during text entry (with or without the user being aware of it).

1136:. For instance, 5 feet and 6 inches is often written 5' 6"; and 40 degrees, 20 arcminutes, and 50 arcseconds is written 40° 20' 50". When available, however, primes should be used instead (e.g. 5 1313:. Some websites do not allow typographic quotation marks or apostrophes in posts. One can skirt these limitations, however, by using the HTML character codes or entities or the other key combinations in the following table. In 172:

have the same visual appearance and code point (U+2019), as do the neutral single quote and typewriter apostrophe (U+0027). (Despite the different code points, the curved and straight versions are sometimes considered multiple

312:, where the convention in English is to give opening quotation marks to the first and each subsequent paragraph, using closing quotation marks only for the final paragraph of the quotation, as in the following example from 1236:) both are used interchangeably. In some languages, if it is desired to include the same quotation marks used to delimit a string inside the string, the quotation marks are doubled. For example, to represent the string 1936:

100 skill-building lessons using 10 favorite books : a teacher's treasury of irresistible lessons & activities that help children meet learning goals in reading, writing, math and more

1301:. However, most computer text-editing programs provide a "smart quotes" feature to automatically convert straight quotation marks into bidirectional punctuation, though sometimes imperfectly 1867:

In Windows, if it is necessary to follow a space with a closing quotation mark when Smart Quotes is in effect, it is usually sufficient to input the character using the Alt code shown

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in lieu of underlining or italics, most commonly on signs or placards. This usage can be confused with ironic or altered-usage quotation, sometimes with unintended humor. For example,

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A publisher's or author's style may take precedence over regional general preferences. The important idea is that the style of opening and closing quotation marks must be matched:

231:, quotation marks were used to denote pithy comments. They were used to quote direct speech as early as the late sixteenth century, and this practice became more common over time. 220:

books, they would be repeated at the beginning of every line of a long quotation. When this practice was abandoned, the empty margin remained, leaving the modern form of indented

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quoted material and in which the punctuation mark fits with the sense of the quotation, but otherwise to place punctuation outside the closing quotation marks. Fowler's

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Punctuation marks are placed inside the quotation marks only if the sense of the punctuation is part of the quotation; this system is referred to as logical quotation.

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Standard English computer keyboard layouts inherited the single and double straight quotation marks from the typewriter (the single quotation mark also doubling as an

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The typographic closing double quotation mark and the neutral double quotation mark are similar to – and sometimes stand in for – the

164:. Characters with different meanings are typically given different visual appearance in typefaces that recognize these distinctions, and they each have different 4388: 889:

This style also places periods and commas inside the quotation marks when dealing with direct speech, regardless of whether the work is fiction or non-fiction:

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Quotation marks were first cut in metal type during the middle of the sixteenth century, and were used copiously by some printers by the seventeenth. In some

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In English, when a quotation follows other writing on a line of text, a space precedes the opening quotation mark unless the preceding symbol, such as an

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When dealing with words-as-words, short-form works, and sentence fragments, standard American style places periods and commas inside the quotation marks:

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requires that the closing quotation mark precede the period or comma unless that period or comma is "a necessary part of the quoted matter". The websites

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show it is being called that ironically). They are also sometimes used to emphasise a word or phrase, although this is usually considered incorrect.

817: 2191: 2331: 1914: 4926: 1048:, recommend single quotation marks. In journals and newspapers, quotation mark double/single use often depends on the individual publication's 3411: 3185: 3158: 3122: 2912: 2752: 2715: 2387: 2293: 2135: 2030: 774:

When dealing with words-as-words, short-form works and sentence fragments, this style places periods and commas outside the quotation marks:

308:, and thus do not require quotation marks. However, quotation marks are used for multiple-paragraph quotations in some cases, especially in 3458: 1038: 763: 442:

Quotation marks are also used to indicate that the writer realises that a word is not being used in its current commonly accepted sense:

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The method for producing smart quotes may be based solely on the character preceding the mark. If it is a space or another of a set of

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or seriously), to imply another meaning to a word or to imply a cynical take on a paraphrased quotation, without punctuation at all.

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is not used with its everyday meaning, or indeed to indicate that the fish or oysters are anything but fresh. As another example,

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In both major styles, regardless of placement, only one end mark (?, !, or .) can end a sentence. Only the period, however,

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or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are

5687: 3221: 3209: 2432: 1943: 836: 128:" quotation marks), or may be distinctly left-handed and right-handed (typographic or, colloquially, curly quotation marks); 737:

to indicate content between the quotation marks that has been modified from, or was not present in, the original material.

4383: 3346: 2469: 1233: 1225: 906: 849: 109:(for example, in the sentence 'The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.' the quotation marks around the word 713:

question marks, exclamation points, colons, and semicolons. However, they differ in the treatment of periods and commas.

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are also often used before and after the interruption, more often for quotations of speech than for quotations of text:

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If such a passage is further quoted in another publication, then all of their forms have to be shifted up by one level.

1309:. Generally, this smart quote feature is enabled by default, and it can be turned off in an "options" or "preferences" 519: 505: 5357: 4451: 4414: 3483: 3374: 2808: 2569: 2409: 2078: 930: 488: 2597: 2317: 189:, quotations were distinguished merely by indicating the speaker, and this can still be seen in some editions of the 796:

part of the person's speech are permitted inside the quotation marks regardless of whether the material is fiction.

124:. Opening and closing quotation marks may be identical in form (called neutral, vertical, straight, typewriter, or " 3994: 2744: 2520: 2285: 1986: 842:

Some American style guides specific to certain specialties also prefer the British style. For example, the journal

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provides an early example of the rule: "All signs of punctuation used with words in quotation marks must be placed

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while either the typographic closing single quotation mark or the neutral single quotation mark may represent the

3640: 3266: 1213: 1117: 125: 2487:'sheep' is a noun. No comma precedes the gloss and no comma follows, unless necessary for other reasons: Latin 4398: 4215: 3886: 3823: 3528: 3451: 1703: 1229: 2626: 2093: 2542:

In the British style (OUP 1983), all signs of punctuation used with words and quotation marks must be placed

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A Primer of Information about the Marks of Punctuation and Their Use Both Grammatically and Typographically.

2703: 2022: 1991: 1287:), and they do not include individual keys for left-handed and right-handed typographic quotation marks. In 3843: 3566: 3384: 2633: 2082:(17th ed.). Part 2, Chapter 6.117. Retrieved 3 January 2019. Subscription required (free trial available). 1101: 757: – is to include within quotation marks only those punctuation marks that appeared in the 168:. Despite being semantically different, the typographic closing single quotation mark and the typographic 2564: 2404: 2074: 669: 5629: 4743: 4318: 3818: 3813: 3726: 3713: 3546: 1292: 1217: 689: 2437: 1032: 5656: 5639: 5525: 5100: 4443: 4110: 3751: 3605: 3370: 1209: 566:

the quotation marks – even in North American publications, which might otherwise prefer them inside:

228: 5160: 2205: 1271:). This is a continuation of a typewriter tradition of using ticks for opening quotation marks; see 5646: 5372: 5270: 5115: 4683: 4528: 4498: 4432: 4393: 4306: 4200: 4055: 4033: 4023: 3891: 3498: 3488: 3444: 857: 314: 209:, or the other way around). Long quotations were also set this way, at full size and full measure. 2050: 1015:

outermost text of a primary quotation versus single quotation marks for inner, nested quotations.

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end a quoted sentence when it does not also end the enclosing sentence, except for literal text:

844: 803:"Today", said the Prime Minister, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (preferred in non-fiction) 726:

There are three major definitions of the word "gender": vernacular, sociological, and linguistic.

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could be interpreted to mean that the convenience was for the bank employees, not the customers.

555: 346:, a closing quotation mark is used before the interruption, and an opening quotation mark after. 2379: 2373: 3288: 1321:

scripts can be used to assign simpler key combinations to opening and closing quotation marks.

339:, in some older texts, the quotation mark is repeated every line, rather than every paragraph. 4998: 4941: 4301: 4220: 4175: 4105: 3576: 3217: 3205: 3181: 3154: 2908: 2871: 2846: 2838: 2748: 2711: 2707: 2524: 2514: 2383: 2299: 2289: 2258: 2171: 2131: 2117: 2026: 1995: 1964: 1939: 1314: 156:. Likewise, the typographic opening single quotation mark is sometimes used to represent the 5387: 5308: 5232: 4892: 4187: 4140: 3979: 3926: 3787: 3597: 3258: 2900: 2672: 1245: 1096:

This is not common practice in mainstream publishing, which will generally use more precise

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Quotation marks are written as a pair of opening and closing marks in either of two styles:

81: 5618: 5560: 5175: 4323: 4210: 4205: 4125: 4093: 3984: 3721: 3523: 3431: 3389: 2896: 1347: 469: 357: 305: 221: 217: 4278: 3123:"'The British style'? 'The American way?' They are not so different | Mind your language" 2741:

Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders

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recommending the same usage as in the US, whereas other authoritative sources, such as

551: 336: 161: 131: 85: 3426: 5676: 5510: 5130: 5058: 4877: 4854: 4120: 4088: 4078: 3958: 3379: 2768: 2696: 1105: 1020: 896:"Today," said the Prime Minister, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (non-fiction) 673: 97: 1116:

Straight quotation marks (or italicised straight quotation marks) are often used to

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chemistry and computer programming, use the British form in their style guides (see

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For example, if Hal says: "All systems are functional", then, in indirect speech:

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How to type typographic quotation marks (and apostrophes) on a computer keyboard

17: 5043: 4979: 4964: 4907: 4475: 4373: 4368: 4361: 4351: 4165: 4115: 4070: 4010: 3974: 3945: 3933: 3913: 3736: 3688: 3556: 3004: 2250: 1405: 1356: 1049: 1007: 831: 630: 618: 558:, with the two not separated by a comma or other punctuation, and with strictly 515: 202: 194: 186: 89: 3313: 2516:

Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers

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typesetting program, left double quotes are produced by typing two back-ticks (

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and its derivatives) both are used with different meanings and in others (e.g.

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but unusual, colloquial, folksy, startling, humorous, metaphoric, or contain a

5483: 5285: 5213: 4577: 4479: 4346: 4160: 4050: 3903: 3896: 3873: 3828: 3792: 3746: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3678: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3467: 2663: 1909: 1738: 1318: 1310: 1284: 1202: 1069: 423: 361: 206: 169: 149: 137: 5623: 5441: 5028: 4698: 4638: 4615: 4543: 3838: 3833: 3610: 3538: 2303: 1888: 1419: 1249: 1145: 1133: 1129: 1026: 924: 634: 449: 309: 301: 264:

For speech within speech, the other style is used as inner quotation marks:

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Quotes indicating verbal irony, or other special use, are sometimes called

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Type "C:" at the DOS prompt to switch from a floppy disk to a hard drive.

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Articles in books, magazines, journals, etc.: "Extra-Terrestrial Relays",

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Another common use of quotation marks is to indicate or call attention to

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behavior on macOS and iOS is to make this conversion. These are known as

1334: 805:"Today I feel happy," said the woman, "carefree, and well." (regardless) 661: 198: 894:"Today," said Cinderella, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (fiction) 801:"Today," said Cinderella, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (fiction) 5579: 5468: 4653: 4135: 3921: 3772: 3683: 3615: 3551: 3233: 1157: 1153: 1097: 1091:

Yes, he did say, "He said, 'Good morning.' " (non-breaking space)

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The American style is recommended by the Modern Language Association's

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In addition to conveying a neutral attitude and to call attention to a

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placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a

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When dealing with direct speech, according to the British style guide

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So Dave actually said, "He said, 'Good morning' "? (thin-space)

457: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2126:. ver. 2.5. Point Roberts, Washington: Hartley & Marks. p. 1201:

Double quotation marks, or pairs of single ones, also represent the

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The prevailing style in the United Kingdom – called

2360: 426:, or indicated in speech with a tone change or by replacement with 5190: 5145: 4668: 4513: 3881: 3620: 3588: 1340: 1149: 665: 453: 397: 347: 245:

Africa, though double quotes are also common there, especially in

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British usage does vary, with some authoritative sources such as

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Other style guides and reference volumes include the following:

473: 4447: 3440: 984:"Is anybody out there?" she asked into the void. (both styles) 3051:

by A. L. Lazarus, A. MacLeish, and H. W. Smith (1971, p. 71),

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Quotation marks in the Unicode Common Locale Data Repository

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Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics

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Straight single and double quotation marks are used in most

961:. This style is also used in some British news and fiction. 882:

The title of the song was "Gloria," which many already knew.

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The title of the song was "Gloria", which many already knew.

2192:"Quote me on this: Using single and double quotation marks" 1144: 50″). Prime and double prime are not present in most 3289:"Unicode Character 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK' (U+2019)" 880:"Carefree," in general, means "free from care or anxiety." 779:"Carefree", in general, means "free from care or anxiety". 3234:"Quotation Marks. Fowler, H. W. 1908. The King's English" 2739:

Butcher, Judith; Drake, Caroline; Leach, Maureen (2006).

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When quoted text is interrupted, such as with the phrase

3204:(Fourth ed.). London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd. 1996. p. 85. 1688:(For additional characters used in other languages, see 913:", including the period, signifies the end of a program. 562:

around the gloss – extraneous terminal punctuation

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by Shirley Fondiller and Barbara Nerone (2006, p. 72),

2870:(9th ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 237. 2318:"New Zealand English: Single or Double Quotation Marks" 460:), quoting can also indicate words or phrases that are 3419: – discussion of the problem of ASCII 3093:

Woodroof's Quotations, Commas And Other Things English

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by Harriet Diamond and Phyllis Dutwin (2005, p. 199),

1100:. It is more common in online writing, although using 702:

Cashiers' desks open until noon for your "convenience"

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Precise writing about language often uses italics for

531:

Cheese has calcium, protein, and phosphorus. (concept)

529:"Cheese" is derived from a word in Old English. (word) 375:: Hal said that "everything was going extremely well". 1273:

Quotation mark § Typewriters and early computers

1267:) and right double quotes by typing two apostrophes ( 868:

In the United States, the prevailing style is called

407:

The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.

380:: Hal said that everything was going extremely well. 3027:

by William Strunk and Elwyn B. White (1979, p. 36),

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Brinck, Tom; Gergle, Darren; Wood, Scott W. (2002).

2632:. Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies, 496:

lose their force and irritate readers if overused."

409:

He complained about too many "gummint" regulations.

4407: 4339: 4292: 4246: 4186: 4069: 4009: 3967: 3944: 3912: 3872: 3861: 3806: 3760: 3712: 3664: 3596: 3587: 3537: 3474: 3023:by Michael Strumpf, Auriel Douglas (2004, p. 446), 2866:McFarlane, J. A. (Sandy); Clements, Warren (2003). 1268: 1264: 1195: 1191: 518:can emphasise that an instance of a word refers to 46: 39: 34: 3043:by J. Paradis and M. L. Zimmerman (2002, p. 314), 3041:MIT Guide To Science and Engineering Communication 2953:International Committee of Medical Journal Editors 2949:The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing 2769:"The Jargon File, Chapter 5. Hacker Writing Style" 2695: 2563: 2403: 353:"Everything", said Hal, "is going extremely well." 136:. Typographic quotation marks are usually used in 3067:by Earl English and Clarence Hach (1962. p. 75), 445:Crystals somehow "know" which shape to grow into. 3177:Merriam-Webster's Guide to Punctuation and Style 2981:Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors 1808:‘ Twas the night before Christmas ... 1803:’ Twas the night before Christmas ... 884:She said she felt "free from care and anxiety." 783:She said she felt "free from care and anxiety". 668:title embedded in an actual title; for example, 197:, quotations were distinguished by setting in a 3059:by Richard Lederer, John Shore (2007, p. 138), 3013:The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge 2281:The Cambridge guide to Australian English usage 2206:"Punctuation Guide | Macquarie Dictionary" 942:, the American Political Science Association's 629:As a rule, the title of a whole publication is 568: 320: 1108:than inserting extraneous spacing characters. 999:Primary quotations versus secondary quotations 4459: 4389:Intellectual property protection of typefaces 3452: 2979:by Thomas S. Kane (1994, pp. 278, 305, 306), 2957:International Reading Association Style Guide 2943:(2008, p. 217), US Department of Education's 2044: 2042: 1279:Typing quotation marks on a computer keyboard 300:In many cases, quotations that span multiple 8: 3931: 3039:by Gerald Alred et al. (2006, pp. 83, 373), 3009:The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage 2941:U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual 1961:Language Toolkit for New Zealand 2, Volume 2 982:"Hello, world!" she exclaimed. (both styles) 2810:The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Q&A 2558: 2556: 2554: 2018:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage 922:, the American Psychological Association's 678:Simone Rizzo "Sam the Plumber" DeCavalcante 360:. This is because indirect speech can be a 293:" ... ' ... " ... ' ... ' ... " ... ' ... " 201:contrasting with the main body text (often 4466: 4452: 4444: 3869: 3593: 3459: 3445: 3437: 2963:, Association of Legal Writing Directors' 2831:Strunk, William Jr.; White, E. B. (2000). 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2447: 2445: 2112: 2110: 1963:. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. 1895:International variation in quotation marks 1228:) only one type is allowed, in some (e.g. 1128:, e.g. when signifying feet and inches or 1106:semantically appropriate in Web typography 664:embedded in an actual name, or a false or 476:could be described as an "evolving idea". 4415:Punctuation and other typographic symbols 3393:exhibits the problem with "smart quotes". 3083:by James McNab McCrimmon (1973, p. 415), 2985:Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers 2658: 2656: 2654: 2219:Australian Government (24 October 2022). 1798:'Twas the night before Christmas ... 1104:to create the spacing by kerning is more 818:Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors 5612:Version of this table as a sortable list 3031:by Edward P. J. Corbett (1997, p. 135), 3001:The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation 1915:Western Latin character sets (computing) 1876: 1872: 1744: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1323: 456:, or special terminology (also known as 249:. In New Zealand, both styles are used. 3423:characters used as left quotation marks 3314:"General Punctuation: Range: 2000–206F" 3259:"Character entity references in HTML 4" 3103:by Gerald Alred et al. (2006, p. 451), 3053:The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers 2987:by Lynn Troyka, et al. (1993, p. 517), 2627:"Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies" 1926: 980:She said, "Hello, world." (both styles) 978:"Hello, world," she said. (both styles) 694:For sale: "fresh" fish, "fresh" oysters 3055:(8th ed.) by John Ruszkiewicz et al., 2591: 2589: 2587: 2509: 2507: 2094:"Fonts, Typography, and Accessibility" 934:, the American Institute of Physics's 559: 527:Cheese is derived from milk. (concept) 31: 3407:Curling Quotes in HTML, SGML, and XML 3095:by D. K. Woodroof (2005, pp. 10–12), 2698:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage 1718:). Straight quotation marks are also 938:, the American Medical Association's 674:Frank "Chairman of the Board" Sinatra 7: 5464: ⟨ ⟩ 3107:by Helen Cunningham (2002, p. 213), 3035:by Phillip S. Sparks (2004, p. 18), 2999:by William A. Sabin (2000, p. 247), 2598:"Punctuating Around Quotation Marks" 2565:"The Chicago Manual of Style Online" 2523:/ Cambridge University Press. 2002. 2405:"The Chicago Manual of Style Online" 764:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 603:Book chapters: The first chapter of 522:rather than its associated concept. 3212:. Tim Austin, Richard Dixon (2003) 3079:by Adrienne Robins (1997, p. 524), 3073:Crimes Against the English Language 3047:by G. David Garson (2002, p. 178), 2668:"The Rise of "Logical Punctuation"" 1690:Quotation mark § Summary table 724:No, he said, "Where are you, Dave?" 696:, could be construed to imply that 660:Quotation marks can also set off a 132:Quotation mark § Summary table 3097:Journalism Language and Expression 3089:The Lawyer's Guide to Writing Well 3075:by Jill Meryl Levy (2005, p. 21), 2983:by Merriam-Webster (1998, p. 27), 2975:by Geraldine Woods (2005, p. 68), 2905:10.1016/B978-1-55860-658-6.X5000-7 2606:American Psychological Association 2231:from the original on 23 March 2023 2225:Australian Government Style Manual 2079:The Chicago Manual of Style Online 2049:Zwicky, Arnold (29 January 2006). 400:, dubious, or non-standard words: 25: 3417:ASCII and Unicode quotation marks 3345:Spencer, Dave (31 January 2011). 3180:(2nd ed.). Merriam-Webster. 3111:by Vincent Hopper (2000, p. 127). 3091:by Tom Goldstein (2003, p. 163), 3045:Guide to Writing Empirical Papers 2993:Health Professionals Style Manual 2991:by Philip Rubens (2001, p. 208), 2971:by K. D. Sullivan (2006, p. 52), 2123:The Elements of Typographic Style 1934:Lunsford, Susan (December 2001). 1900:Modifier letter double apostrophe 1304: 722:Did he say, "Good morning, Dave"? 554:and single quotation marks for a 356:Quotation marks are not used for 259:"Good morning, Frank," said Hal. 4428: 4427: 3200:"American and British English". 3099:by Sundara Rajan (2005, p. 76), 2255:The Penguin Guide to Punctuation 1868: 1188:HTML character entity references 257:'Good morning, Frank,' said Hal. 3214:The Times Style and Usage Guide 3019:by Amy Einsohn (2000, p. 111), 2977:The New Oxford Guide to Writing 2973:Webster's New World Punctuation 2694:Burchfield, R. W., ed. (1996). 2596:Lee, Chelsea (11 August 2011). 2092:Chagnon, Bevi (December 2013). 1984:Barber, Katherine, ed. (2005). 405:He shared his "wisdom" with me. 322:The letter was to this effect: 275:"Hal said, 'Good morning, Dave, 269:'Hal said, "Good morning, Dave, 48: 3101:The Business Writer's Handbook 3087:by Carole Rich (2000, p. 60), 3063:by Jan Venolia (2001, p. 82), 2969:The McGraw-Hill Desk Reference 2927:Frederick Hamilton (1920: 31) 2795:The Associated Press Stylebook 928:, the University of Chicago's 688:Quotes are sometimes used for 647:Dahl's short story "Taste" in 1: 4384:History of Western typography 3037:Handbook of Technical Writing 3033:Commonsense Grammar and Style 2989:Science and Technical Writing 2868:The Globe and Mail Style Book 2470:Linguistic Society of America 2257:. Penguin Books. p. 94. 850:Linguistic Society of America 617:Album tracks, singles, etc.: 596:Short fiction, poetry, etc.: 4231:traditional point-size names 3427:Commonly confused characters 3121:March, David (19 May 2011). 1959:Hayes, Andrea (April 2011). 1815:"'Hello,' he said, 'to you'" 994:Typographical considerations 905:In the programming language 3484:Canons of page construction 3375:A Visit from Saint Nicholas 3147:Ritter, R. M., ed. (2005). 3105:The Business Style Handbook 2570:University of Chicago Press 2410:University of Chicago Press 2284:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: 2015:Jeremy Butterfield (2015). 1891:, the French quotation mark 1687: 1302: 952:The AP Guide to Punctuation 931:The Chicago Manual of Style 733:A convention is the use of 649:Completely Unexpected Tales 489:The Chicago Manual of Style 129: 5704: 4927:inverted ! and ? 3377:", first published in the 3347:"Typographic Train Wrecks" 3085:Writing and Reporting News 2997:The Gregg Reference Manual 2745:Cambridge University Press 2521:Council of Biology Editors 2286:Cambridge University Press 2153:The Mirror for Magistrates 1987:Canadian Oxford Dictionary 1938:. Scholastic. p. 10. 1853:’Hello,’ he said, ‘to you’ 1840:‘Hello,’ he said, ‘to you’ 1824:‘Hello,’ he said, ‘to you’ 1756:Example erroneous results 1224:. In some languages (e.g. 1112:Non-language-related usage 656:Nicknames and false titles 633:(or, in typewritten text, 514:Either quotation marks or 503: 389: 185:In the first centuries of 63:Single typographic quotes 5607: 5495: 5399: 5343:sound recording copyright 5297: 5202: 5085: 4953: 4866: 4801: 4627: 4487: 4423: 3641:Subscript and superscript 3267:World Wide Web Consortium 3216:. London: HarperCollins. 3202:The Economist Style Guide 3017:The Copyeditor's Handbook 2572:. 2017. Sections 6.9-6.11 2332:"Grammar and punctuation" 2168:Eats, Shoots & Leaves 2051:"Dubious Quotation Marks" 1329: 1244:. Other languages use an 1140: 6″, and 40° 20 860:use logical punctuation. 41:Double typographic quotes 4399:Vox-ATypI classification 3529:Intentionally blank page 3174:Merriam-Webster (2001). 3069:Grammar in Plain English 2961:American Dialect Society 1220:, collectively known as 587:Titles of artistic works 438:Signalling unusual usage 177:of the same character.) 3029:Little English Handbook 2704:Oxford University Press 2023:Oxford University Press 1992:Oxford University Press 605:3001: The Final Odyssey 506:Use–mention distinction 500:Use–mention distinction 5683:Punctuation of English 5460: { } 5452: ( ) 5437: « » 5433: ‹ › 5418: " " 5414: ' ' 5410: “ ” 5406: ‘ ’ 3932: 3081:Writing with a Purpose 2634:University of Aberdeen 2544:according to the sense 2151:Higgins, John (1587). 1910:Typewriter conventions 956:Canadian Public Works' 925:APA Publication Manual 790:Butcher's Copy-editing 769:according to the sense 584: 333: 69:Neutral single quotes 66:Neutral double quotes 5688:Typographical symbols 3371:Moore, Clement Clarke 3109:Essentials of English 3077:The Analytical Writer 3065:Scholastic Journalism 2893:Usability for the Web 2834:The Elements of Style 2722:Emphasis in original. 2378:. F+W Media. p. 2375:Grammatically Correct 2372:Stilman, Ann (1997). 2166:Truss, Lynne (2003). 1210:programming languages 1156:, but are present in 422:in oral speech using 418:. They are sometimes 286:quotations are nested 240:Quotations and speech 5657:Japanese punctuation 5358:registered trademark 5243: | 5101:plus and minus signs 4494: 4269:Typographic features 3011:by Allan M. Siegal, 2965:ALWD Citation Manual 2412:. 2017. Section 7.57 2278:Peters, Pam (2007). 1012:secondary quotations 835:from 1983, American 708:Order of punctuation 229:Early Modern English 27:Usage of punctuation 5647:Chinese punctuation 5373:service mark symbol 5116:multiplication sign 4634: & 4394:Technical lettering 4293:Typography in other 4034:Hanging punctuation 2075:"Smart" apostrophes 1871:rather than typing 1791:I forgot my ‘phone. 1786:I forgot my ’phone. 1781:I forgot my 'phone. 1746: 1326: 1305:§ Smart quotes 1240:in Pascal one uses 1010:distinguished from 965:Ending the sentence 940:AMA Manual of Style 755:logical punctuation 315:Pride and Prejudice 166:Unicode code points 154:double prime symbol 5662:Korean punctuation 5652:Hebrew punctuation 4357:Handwriting script 4284:Desktop publishing 4254:Character encoding 4247:Digital typography 3761:Horizontal aspects 3714:Visual distinction 3572:Widows and orphans 3325:Unicode Consortium 3269:. 24 December 1999 2499:'horse' are nouns. 2468:. Washington, DC: 2208:. 25 October 2023. 2118:Bringhurst, Robert 2055:itre.cis.upenn.edu 1745: 1451:(& apostrophe) 1324: 1289:character encoding 1254:'eat \'hot\' dogs' 1242:'eat ''hot'' dogs' 1078:non-breaking space 1033:The King's English 1004:Primary quotations 959:The Canadian Style 582:'horse' are nouns. 279:" recalled Frank. 247:journalistic works 145:typographic ones. 5670: 5669: 4999:ordinal indicator 4942:irony punctuation 4441: 4440: 4188:Typographic units 4106:For position only 4005: 4004: 3857: 3856: 3187:978-0-87779-921-4 3160:978-0-19-861041-0 3025:Elements of Style 3021:The Grammar Bible 2914:978-1-55860-658-6 2839:Pearson Education 2754:978-0-521-84713-1 2717:978-0-19-869126-6 2568:(17th ed.). 2408:(17th ed.). 2389:978-0-89879-776-3 2295:978-0-521-87821-0 2221:"Quotation marks" 2137:978-0-88179-132-7 2032:978-0-19-966135-0 1865: 1864: 1685: 1684: 1452: 1343:key combinations 944:APSA Style Manual 909:, the statement " 829:According to the 751:logical quotation 684:Nonstandard usage 607:is "Comet Cowboy" 600:'s "The Sentinel" 560:logical quotation 273:' recalled Frank. 90:punctuation marks 78: 77: 73: 72: 18:Logical quotation 16:(Redirected from 5695: 5619:Currency symbols 5599: 5598: 5592: 5584: 5583: 5582:(paragraph mark) 5576: 5572: 5564: 5563: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5544: 5538: 5530: 5529: 5522: 5514: 5513: 5507: 5503: 5487: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5445: 5444: 5438: 5434: 5426: 5425: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5391: 5390: 5388:trademark symbol 5384: 5376: 5375: 5369: 5361: 5360: 5354: 5346: 5345: 5339: 5331: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5312: 5311: 5309:copyright symbol 5305: 5289: 5288: 5282: 5274: 5273: 5267: 5259: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5217: 5216: 5210: 5194: 5193: 5187: 5179: 5178: 5172: 5164: 5163: 5157: 5149: 5148: 5142: 5134: 5133: 5127: 5119: 5118: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5077: 5076: 5070: 5062: 5061: 5055: 5047: 5046: 5040: 5032: 5031: 5025: 5017: 5016: 5010: 5002: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4982: 4976: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4945: 4944: 4938: 4930: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4911: 4910: 4904: 4896: 4895: 4893:exclamation mark 4889: 4881: 4880: 4874: 4858: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4839: 4838: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4815: 4809: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4747: 4746: 4740: 4732: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4716: 4710: 4702: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4686: 4680: 4672: 4671: 4665: 4657: 4656: 4650: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4619: 4618: 4612: 4604: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4581: 4580: 4574: 4570: 4562: 4561: 4555: 4547: 4546: 4540: 4532: 4531: 4525: 4517: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4468: 4461: 4454: 4445: 4431: 4430: 4408:Related template 4340:Related articles 4141:Phototypesetting 3995:reverse-contrast 3980:Display typeface 3937: 3914:Blackletter type 3870: 3807:Vertical aspects 3788:Sentence spacing 3598:Typeface anatomy 3594: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3438: 3394: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3318: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3230: 3224: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3150:New Hart's Rules 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3118: 3112: 3015:(2004, p. 788), 2951:(1997, p. 148), 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2837:(4th ed.). 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2743:(4th ed.). 2736: 2723: 2721: 2702:(3rd ed.). 2701: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2660: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2593: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2567: 2560: 2549: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2479: 2477: 2461: 2449: 2440: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2369: 2363: 2345:Jeremiah 27:1–11 2342: 2336: 2335: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2114: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2089: 2083: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2012: 2006: 2005: 1990:(2nd ed.). 1981: 1975: 1974: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1931: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1774: 1768: 1763: 1747: 1732: 1731: 1716: 1715: 1693: 1681: 1676: 1634:(on number pad) 1614: 1603: 1598: 1560:(on number pad) 1540: 1529: 1524: 1478:(on number pad) 1458: 1449: 1443: 1438: 1392:(on number pad) 1372: 1327: 1308: 1270: 1266: 1255: 1246:escape character 1243: 1239: 1198:, respectively. 1197: 1193: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1160:, as characters 1143: 1139: 1083: 1075: 1045:New Hart's Rules 1008:orthographically 948:Associated Press 936:AIP Style Manual 919:MLA Style Manual 912: 644:Romeo and Juliet 598:Arthur C. Clarke 325:"My dear Lizzy, 306:block quotations 294: 278: 272: 248: 135: 123: 119: 49: 32: 21: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5603: 5594: 5591: § 5590: 5588: 5578: 5575: ⸿ 5574: 5571: ¶ 5570: 5568: 5559: 5556: ⌑ 5555: 5552: ◊ 5551: 5549: 5540: 5537: ☞ 5536: 5534: 5528:(hedera, aldus) 5524: 5521: ❧ 5520: 5518: 5509: 5506: ‡ 5505: 5502: † 5501: 5499: 5491: 5482: 5479: ” 5478: 5476: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5430: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5395: 5386: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5367: 5365: 5356: 5353: ® 5352: 5350: 5341: 5338: ℗ 5337: 5335: 5326: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5307: 5304: © 5303: 5301: 5293: 5284: 5281: · 5280: 5278: 5269: 5266: • 5265: 5263: 5254: 5251: ‖ 5250: 5247: ¦ 5246: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5212: 5209: _ 5208: 5206: 5198: 5189: 5186: ^ 5185: 5183: 5176:minus-plus sign 5174: 5171: ∓ 5170: 5168: 5161:plus–minus sign 5159: 5156: ± 5155: 5153: 5144: 5141: ~ 5140: 5138: 5129: 5126: ÷ 5125: 5123: 5114: 5111: × 5110: 5108: 5099: 5096: − 5095: 5092: + 5091: 5089: 5081: 5072: 5069: ⌀ 5068: 5066: 5057: 5054: ° 5053: 5051: 5042: 5039: ‱ 5038: 5036: 5027: 5024: ‰ 5023: 5021: 5012: 5009: % 5008: 5006: 4997: 4994: ª 4993: 4990: º 4989: 4987: 4978: 4975: № 4974: 4972: 4963: 4960: # 4959: 4957: 4949: 4940: 4937: ⸮ 4936: 4934: 4925: 4922: ¿ 4921: 4918: ¡ 4917: 4915: 4906: 4903: ‽ 4902: 4900: 4891: 4888: ! 4887: 4885: 4876: 4873: ? 4872: 4870: 4862: 4853: 4850: ⸗ 4849: 4846: ⹀ 4845: 4843: 4834: 4831: — 4830: 4827: – 4826: 4823: ‒ 4822: 4820: 4811: 4808: - 4807: 4805: 4797: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4742: 4739: ⁂ 4738: 4736: 4727: 4724: * 4723: 4721: 4712: 4709: … 4708: 4706: 4697: 4694: \ 4693: 4691: 4682: 4679: / 4678: 4676: 4667: 4664: ^ 4663: 4661: 4652: 4649: @ 4648: 4646: 4637: 4633: 4631: 4623: 4614: 4611: . 4610: 4608: 4599: 4596: ‴ 4595: 4592: ″ 4591: 4588: ′ 4587: 4585: 4576: 4573: ' 4572: 4569: ’ 4568: 4566: 4557: 4554: ‐ 4553: 4551: 4542: 4539: ; 4538: 4536: 4527: 4524: : 4523: 4521: 4512: 4509: , 4508: 4506: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4483: 4472: 4442: 4437: 4419: 4403: 4335: 4295:writing systems 4294: 4288: 4242: 4182: 4126:Microtypography 4065: 4001: 3963: 3940: 3908: 3865:classifications 3864: 3853: 3802: 3756: 3722:Blackboard bold 3708: 3660: 3583: 3533: 3524:Recto and verso 3470: 3465: 3403: 3398: 3397: 3390:Huffington Post 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3293:FileFormat.info 3287: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3007:(2007, p. 61), 2947:(2005, p. 43), 2945:IES Style Guide 2938: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2899:. p. 277. 2897:Morgan Kaufmann 2890: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2853: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2793:"Punctuation". 2792: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2747:. p. 273. 2738: 2737: 2726: 2718: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2666:(12 May 2011). 2662: 2661: 2652: 2639: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2595: 2594: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2562: 2561: 2552: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2513: 2512: 2505: 2475: 2473: 2459: 2451: 2450: 2443: 2430:"Style Sheet", 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2361:Ezekiel 27:1–36 2343: 2339: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2296: 2288:. p. 670. 2277: 2276: 2272: 2265: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2234: 2232: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2170:. p. 151. 2165: 2164: 2160: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2116: 2115: 2108: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2040: 2033: 2025:. p. 680. 2014: 2013: 2009: 2002: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1971: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1885: 1878: 1874: 1861: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1772: 1766: 1761: 1753:Desired result 1729: 1728: 1713: 1712: 1699: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608:Double closing 1601: 1596: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1534:Double opening 1527: 1522: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1456: 1450: 1441: 1436: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1366:Single opening 1281: 1253: 1241: 1237: 1222:string literals 1183: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1141: 1137: 1114: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1084:) be inserted. 1081: 1073: 1058: 1001: 996: 987: 986: 983: 981: 979: 967: 914: 910: 899: 898: 895: 887: 886: 883: 881: 866: 854:Knowledge (XXG) 824:ACS Style Guide 808: 807: 804: 802: 786: 785: 782: 780: 743: 735:square brackets 731: 730: 727: 725: 723: 710: 686: 670:Nat "King" Cole 658: 653: 652: 646: 589: 552:the word itself 548: 543: 542: 532: 530: 528: 520:the word itself 512: 504:Main articles: 502: 446: 440: 412: 411: 408: 406: 394: 388: 383: 382: 376: 358:indirect speech 354: 295: 292: 282: 281: 276: 274: 270: 262: 261: 258: 246: 242: 237: 222:block quotation 218:Romantic-period 191:Christian Bible 183: 121: 117: 86:quotation marks 74: 42: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5675: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5601: 5586: 5566: 5547: 5532: 5516: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5474: 5456: 5447: 5428: 5423:quotation mark 5400: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5383: 5378: 5368: 5363: 5348: 5333: 5314: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5276: 5261: 5238: 5219: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5181: 5166: 5151: 5136: 5121: 5106: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5064: 5049: 5034: 5019: 5004: 4985: 4970: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4932: 4913: 4898: 4883: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4841: 4818: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4749: 4734: 4719: 4704: 4689: 4674: 4659: 4644: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4606: 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OUP Oxford. 3139: 3113: 3049:Modern English 2932: 2920: 2913: 2883: 2877:978-0771056857 2876: 2858: 2851: 2823: 2800: 2797:. p. 337. 2785: 2760: 2753: 2724: 2716: 2686: 2650: 2618: 2602:APA Style Blog 2583: 2550: 2545: 2529: 2503: 2483:marks: Latin 2441: 2423: 2395: 2388: 2364: 2337: 2323: 2309: 2294: 2270: 2263: 2242: 2211: 2197: 2183: 2176: 2158: 2143: 2136: 2106: 2084: 2067: 2038: 2031: 2007: 2000: 1976: 1970:978-1107624702 1969: 1951: 1944: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1884: 1881: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1846: 1832: 1830: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1750:Text as typed 1720:retronymically 1704:Out-of-the-box 1698: 1695: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1648: 1635: 1616: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1570: 1561: 1542: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1492: 1479: 1460: 1453: 1448:Single closing 1445: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1402: 1393: 1374: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1354: 1353:Unicode point 1351: 1344: 1338: 1331: 1298:unidirectional 1280: 1277: 1238:eat 'hot' dogs 1113: 1110: 1087: 1086: 1057: 1054: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 976: 975: 966: 963: 904: 892: 891: 878: 877: 870:American style 865: 864:American style 862: 799: 798: 795: 777: 776: 742: 739: 720: 719: 709: 706: 685: 682: 657: 654: 642:Shakespeare's 640: 639: 627: 626: 615: 614:, October 1945 612:Wireless World 608: 601: 588: 585: 547: 546:In linguistics 544: 525: 524: 501: 498: 444: 439: 436: 403: 402: 390:Main article: 387: 384: 370: 369: 352: 291: 267: 266: 255: 254: 241: 238: 236: 233: 182: 179: 122:double (“...”) 118:single (‘...’) 76: 75: 71: 70: 67: 64: 60: 59: 56: 53: 47: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5700: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5630:Logic symbols 5628: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5577: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5543: 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4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4121:Microprinting 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079:Etaoin shrdlu 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4008: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3860: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3711: 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2399: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2274: 2271: 2266: 2264:9780140513660 2260: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2212: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2179: 2177:1-59240-087-6 2173: 2169: 2162: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2095: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2068: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2011: 2008: 2003: 2001:0-19-541816-6 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1980: 1977: 1972: 1966: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1927: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1870: 1847: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1818: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1709: 1705: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1678: 1673: 1670: 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772: 770: 766: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 747:British style 741:British style 740: 738: 736: 729: 718: 714: 707: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 683: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 655: 651: 650: 645: 638: 636: 632: 624: 620: 616: 613: 609: 606: 602: 599: 595: 594: 593: 586: 583: 581: 577: 573: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 545: 541: 539: 535: 523: 521: 517: 511: 507: 499: 497: 495: 491: 490: 485: 483: 477: 475: 472:concept of a 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 443: 437: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 410: 401: 399: 393: 385: 381: 379: 374: 368: 365: 363: 359: 351: 349: 345: 340: 338: 332: 331:"Yours, etc." 329: 326: 323: 319: 317: 316: 311: 307: 303: 298: 290: 287: 280: 265: 260: 253: 250: 239: 234: 232: 230: 225: 223: 219: 215: 210: 208: 204: 200: 196: 193:. 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