508:
1082:
1105:, Governor of the Punjab, Babur gathered his army. Upon entering the Punjab plains, Babur's chief allies, namely Langar Khan Niazi advised Babur to engage the powerful Janjua Rajputs to join his conquest. The tribe's rebellious stance to the throne of Delhi was well known. Upon meeting their chiefs, Malik Hast (Asad) and Raja Sanghar Khan, Babur made mention of the Janjua's popularity as traditional rulers of their kingdom and their ancestral support for his patriarch Emir Timur during his conquest of Hind. Babur aided them in defeating their enemies, the Gakhars in 1521, thus cementing their alliance. Babur employed them as Generals in his campaign for Delhi, the conquest of Rana Sanga and the conquest of India.
1265:
1124:, Babur wanted Ibrahim's power and territory. Babur and his army of 24,000 men marched to the battlefield at Panipat armed with muskets and artillery. Ibrahim prepared for battle by gathering 100,000 man (well-armed but with no guns) and 1,000 elephants. Ibrahim was at a disadvantage because of his outmoded infantry and internecine rivalries. Even though he had more men, he had never fought in a war against gunpowder weapons and he did not know what to do strategically. Babur pressed his advantage from the start and Ibrahim perished on the battlefield in April 1526, along with 20,000 of his men.
566:
1293:
1162:
1328:
455:
1313:
59:
410:
432:
401:
532:), the eldest son of Sikandar, was the last Lodi Sultan of Delhi. He had the qualities of an excellent warrior, but he was rash and impolitic in his decisions and actions. His attempt at royal absolutism was premature and his policy of sheer repression unaccompanied by measures to strengthen the administration and increase the military resources was sure to prove a failure.
359:. Muhammad Shah raised him to the status of a Tarun-Bin-Sultan. He was the most powerful of the Punjab chiefs and a vigorous leader, holding together a loose confederacy of Afghan and Turkish chiefs with his strong personality. He reduced the turbulent chiefs of the provinces to submission and infused some vigour into the government.
978:
was a coastal trade route, but in the late fifteenth century the supply lines had collapsed. The decline and eventual failure of this specific trade route resulted in cutting off supplies from the coast to the interior, where the Lodi empire resided. The Lodi dynasty was not able to protect itself if
2642:
In the case of the Lodi dynasty that preceded the
Mughals, the semi-official language was called Hindavi, an early form of today's Hindi. Persian too was in many ways an elite idiom in its Indian embodiment. Despite pervading much of everyday language in north India at the level of vocabulary (by a
1132:
After
Ibrahim's death, Babur named himself emperor over Ibrahim's territory, instead of placing Alam Khan (Ibrahim's uncle) on the throne. Ibrahim's death marked the end of the Lodi dynasty and led to the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India. The remaining Lodi territories were absorbed into
486:
works in medicine into
Persian. He curbed the individualistic tendencies of his Pashtun nobles and compelled them to submit their accounts to a state audit. He was thus able to infuse vigour and discipline in the administration. His greatest achievement was the conquest and annexation of
494:
During conflict and peace, Sikandar felt the urge to destroy temples. He also forbade the yearly procession of the famed Muslim martyr Masud Salar's spear, while forbidding Muslim women from venerating mausoleums of Muslim saints. Sikander allowed the execution of a
1108:
The new usage of guns allowed small armies to make large gains on enemy territory. Small parties of skirmishers who had been dispatched simply to test enemy positions and tactics, were making inroads into India. Babur, however, had survived two revolts, one in
1026:. Ibrahim gathered military support and defeated his brother by the end of the year. After this incident, he arrested those Pashtun nobles who opposed him and appointed his own men as the new administrators. Other Pashtun nobles supported the governor of
2050:
2643:
process still unclear to scholars; the penetration of the bureaucracy has been suggested), its use was essentially literary, as a code of courtiers and religious professionals; Persian was hardly more of an everyday language than
Sanskrit.
507:
1223:
tax for receiving state protection. In some parts of the
Sultanate, the Hindus were required to pay an additional pilgrimage tax. Nevertheless, several Hindu officers formed a part of the Sultanate's revenue administration.
481:
in 1504 and built mosques. He shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra. He patronized trade and commerce. He was a reputed poet, composing under Guru's pen name. He was also a patron of learning and ordered translations of
1081:
979:
warfare were to break out on the trade route roads; therefore, they didn't use those trade routes, thus their trade declined and so did their treasury leaving them vulnerable to internal political problems.
1067:, the governor of Punjab region asked Babur to invade the Lodi kingdom, with the thought of taking revenge from Ibrahim Lodi. Rana Sanga also offered his support to Babur to defeat Ibrahim Lodi.
1264:
2456:
Persian became, ipso facto, the language of his administration, if for no other reason than that the Lodi
Afghans had used it β and definitely not Pushtu β for their revenue records.
370:
voluntarily abdicated in favour of him, Bahlul Khan Lodi ascended the throne of the Delhi sultanate on 19 April 1451. The most important event of his reign was the conquest of the
1037:
Another factor that caused uprisings against
Ibrahim was his lack of an apparent successor. His own uncle, Alam Khan, betrayed Ibrahim by supporting the Mughal invader Babur.
400:
3379:
1292:
961:
3394:
974:
By the time
Ibrahim ascended the throne, the political structure in the Lodi dynasty had dissolved due to abandoned trade routes and the depleted treasury. The
3000:
565:
1787:
1444:
3153:
2207:
1879:
1327:
3338:
2636:
Owen, Stephen; Pollock, Sheldon (2018). "Sorting out Babel: Literature and Its
Changing Language". In Elman, Benjamin; Pollock, Sheldon (eds.).
2366:
1141:
Ibrahim Lodi's brother, Mahmud Lodi, declared himself Sultan and continued to resist Mughal forces. He provided around 4,000 Afghan soldiers to
2708:
2399:
2346:
2296:
2174:
2146:
1940:
3328:
3323:
1063:), extended his kingdom, defeated the Lodi king of Delhi and was acknowledged by all the Rajput clans as the leading prince of Rajputana.
58:
3253:
2405:
3348:
535:
Ibrahim faced numerous rebellions and kept out the opposition for almost a decade. He was engaged in warfare with the
Afghans and the
2690:
2550:
2080:
2044:
2020:
3318:
1234:
orthodoxy to prove his Islamic credentials as a political expediency. He destroyed Hindu temples, and under the pressure from the
1650:
1640:
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2827:
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2034:
279:
254:
240:
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2201:
1873:
1697:
1620:
356:
1117:, and was careful to pacify the local population after victories, following local traditions and aiding widows and orphans.
3052:
1780:
1687:
382:
in 1486. The Sharqis remained in control of Bihar, from which they re-occupied Jaunpur, but were again repulsed to Bihar.
3220:
539:
for most of his reign and died trying to keep the Lodi dynasty from annihilation. Ibrahim was defeated in 1526 at the
1312:
3353:
1149:
in 1527. After that defeat, Mahmud Lodi fled eastwards and again posed a challenge to Babur two years later at the
473:) (born Nizam Khan), the second son of Bahlul, succeeded him after his death on 17 July 1489 and took up the title
2892:
2762:
1247:
439:
965:
Location of the Delhi Sultante and neighbouring polities, circa 1525 CE, on the eve of the establishment of the
3389:
3333:
3148:
1773:
1630:
1076:
999:
540:
378:
of the Jaunpur Sultanate and ultimately annexed it. He placed his eldest surviving son Barbak on the throne of
3293:
3263:
3243:
3037:
1246:(mausoleums) of Muslim saints, and banned the annual procession of the spear of the legendary Muslim martyr
1086:
1002:. With the death of Ibrahim Lodi, the Lodi dynasty also came to an end, leading to the establishment of the
203:
2101:
Srivastava, A.L (1966). The Sultanate of Delhi (711β1526 A.D), Agra: Shiva Lal Agarwala and Company, p. 245
3313:
3283:
3225:
3032:
1568:
1531:
1365:
1023:
688:
31:
3343:
2191:
1863:
3374:
3115:
2932:
2683:
459:
1193:. They provided cash stipends and granted revenue-free lands (including entire villages) to the Muslim
1161:
2462:
Desoulieres, Alain (1988). "Mughal Diplomacy in Gujarat (1533β1534) in Correia's 'Lendas da India'".
1801:
1580:
1464:
1454:
1333:
1019:
905:
1830:
3190:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2862:
2782:
1501:
1474:
916:
637:
477:. His father nominated him as his successor and he was crowned sultan on 15 July 1489. He founded
3268:
3258:
3095:
2872:
2832:
2817:
2807:
2787:
2624:
2595:
2525:
2487:
2479:
2362:
2254:
1590:
1424:
1031:
949:
802:
310:
from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by
307:
2541:. In Kissling, H. J.; Barbour, N.; Spuler, Bertold; Trimingham, J. S.; Bagley, F. R. C. (eds.).
454:
2446:(2020). "Turks, Turks and tΓΌrk Turks: Anatolia, Iran and India in Comparative Perspective". In
355:), India and succeeded him as the governor of Sirhind during the reign of Sayyid dynasty ruler
3308:
3298:
3200:
3143:
2912:
2842:
2792:
2767:
2546:
2538:
2395:
2342:
2337:. The New Cambridge History of India (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.
2292:
2197:
2170:
2142:
2076:
2040:
2016:
1936:
1869:
1404:
1374:
1243:
1186:
1150:
927:
775:
755:
710:
446:
417:
379:
371:
333:
300:
259:
2389:
1957:
3273:
3248:
3210:
3085:
3007:
2952:
2947:
2822:
2757:
2736:
2676:
2616:
2587:
2517:
2508:
Haider, Najaf (1996). "Precious Metal Flows and Currency Circulation in the Mughal Empire".
2471:
2447:
2246:
2234:
1734:
1521:
1434:
1146:
983:
896:
874:
784:
766:
699:
646:
617:
543:. This marked the end of the Lodi dynasty and the rise of the Mughal Empire in India led by
327:
311:
135:
86:
2338:
3288:
3278:
3075:
2980:
2975:
2967:
2897:
2812:
2752:
2731:
1835:
1559:
1511:
1350:
1242:
who declared Hinduism to be as veracious as Islam. He also banned women from visiting the
938:
885:
865:
820:
719:
668:
657:
512:
998:
to invade his kingdom. Ibrahim Lodi was thereafter killed in a battle with Babur, at the
3303:
3100:
3060:
3022:
2995:
2857:
2777:
1668:
1492:
1299:
1178:
1015:
987:
856:
838:
829:
679:
602:
536:
375:
315:
245:
2418:
Rajon ki baoli ( 1516 ) is one of the major public welfare projects of Sikandar Lodi .
1185:
Like their predecessors, the Lodhi sultans stylized themselves as the deputies of the
3368:
3105:
3090:
2942:
2867:
2797:
2726:
2578:
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2000). "A Note on the Rise of Surat in the Sixteenth Century".
2491:
1744:
1610:
1414:
1318:
1303:
1279:
1227:
1181:, it is believed to have the earliest constructed full dome of any building in Delhi.
1170:
1094:
1003:
966:
793:
746:
442:
391:
352:
272:
150:
2331:
3215:
3195:
3012:
2927:
2887:
2877:
2852:
2847:
2802:
2443:
1826:
1806:
1754:
1600:
1541:
1271:
1190:
1121:
847:
811:
628:
520:
337:
165:
2659:, Volume II, Translated from Persian Books by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg, chpt. 68
2568:
2452:
Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections
982:
In order to take revenge of the insults done by Ibrahim, the governor of Lahore,
3205:
3110:
3070:
2985:
2937:
2922:
1166:
1102:
1064:
737:
409:
99:
2092:
Prof K.Ali (1950, reprint 2006)"A new history of Indo-Pakistan" Part 1, p. 311
431:
3080:
3065:
3027:
2837:
2721:
2663:
2475:
1677:
1283:
1142:
1045:
728:
2521:
2957:
2882:
2772:
2591:
2250:
1707:
1394:
1384:
367:
82:
17:
2607:
Ud-Din, Hameed (JanuaryβMarch 1962). "Historians of Afghan Rule in India".
1014:
Another problem Ibrahim faced when he ascended the throne in 1517 were the
347:) was the nephew and son-in-law of Malik Sultan Shah Lodi, the governor of
2638:
What China and India Once Were: The Pasts That May Shape the Global Future
2699:
2668:
1254:
courts in several towns with significant Muslim population, enabling the
1205:
1110:
483:
109:
1258:
to administer the Islamic law to Muslim as well as non-Muslim subjects.
1133:
the new Mughal Empire. Babur continued to engage in military campaigns.
3168:
2599:
2529:
2503:. Vol. II. 3: The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press.
2258:
1239:
1209:
496:
348:
303:
2628:
2483:
1219:
tax for religious merit, and the non-Muslims were required to pay the
2990:
2237:(August 1965). "The Economic History of the Lodi Period: 1451β1526".
1251:
1198:
1189:, and thus acknowledged the authority of a united Caliphate over the
1049:
975:
116:
1868:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (d).
2620:
1022:, in taking up arms against his brother in the area in the east at
30:
For the earlier Lodi dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Multan, see
3042:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1216:
1194:
1174:
1114:
1090:
1080:
1053:
1027:
995:
991:
608:
544:
506:
499:, who had held the equal accuracy of his faith compared to Islam.
488:
453:
363:
72:
1275:
1255:
571:
515:, in the name of Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Dehli, dated 1520-1 CE.
478:
2672:
1899:
1897:
2196:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 39, 147.
1215:
The Muslim subjects of the Lodis were required to pay the
1971:
1969:
2580:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
2510:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
2270:
2268:
2239:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
1101:
After being assured of the cooperation of Alam Khan and
1018:
nobles, some of whom supported Ibrahim's older brother,
374:. Bahlul spent most of his time in fighting against the
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
1959:Ψ¨Ψ§Ψ¨Ψ±ΩΨ§Ω
Ω (Baburnama) [Original Chagatai Turkic]
2002:, 261: The Turco-Afghan sultans of the Lodi Dynasty...
340:
Lodi dynasty gained the sultanate. Bahlul Khan Lodi (
3234:
3181:
3161:
3137:
3124:
3051:
2966:
2745:
2707:
200:
190:
178:
159:
144:
129:
115:
105:
95:
78:
68:
41:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2320:
63:Map showing the territory under the Lodi dynasty.
27:Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate in India, 1451β1526
2570:Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526β1707 A.D.)
511:Coinage of Mahmud Shah II (1510-1531 CE) of the
1230:, whose mother was a Hindu, resorted to strong
2391:Indian Architecture: Islamic Period, 1192β1857
2160:
2158:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2684:
1781:
8:
2229:
2227:
2225:
1903:
3380:States and territories established in 1451
3134:
2691:
2677:
2669:
1788:
1774:
1345:
430:
57:
38:
2609:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1975:
1160:
1041:Rajput invasions and internal rebellions
332:Following the reign of the Sayyids, the
1853:
1818:
1357:
1348:
1260:
1177:, India. Built in 1490 CE, probably by
77:
2311:
2274:
2117:
1999:
1987:
1926:
1924:
1840:call the Lodi sultans as Turco-Afghan.
1933:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
1882:from the original on 25 February 2021
199:
189:
185:
158:
143:
128:
124:
114:
7:
3395:15th-century establishments in India
2394:. Prakash Books, India. p. 37.
2210:from the original on 6 February 2022
2071:Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007).
2011:Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007).
1956:Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (2023).
1915:
2501:The New Cambridge History of India
2434:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996).
2408:from the original on 19 March 2023
2369:from the original on 25 March 2016
2053:from the original on 19 March 2023
2036:The Sultanate of Delhi (1206β1526)
1935:. Primus Books. pp. 122β125.
1860:For a map of their territory see:
1128:Accession of Babur and the Mughals
25:
2450:; McClary, Richard Piran (eds.).
2365:. competentauthoritydelhi.co.in.
1336:, last ruler of the Lodi dynasty.
2193:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2190:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1865:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1862:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1651:Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq
1641:Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq
1326:
1311:
1291:
1263:
564:
408:
399:
277:
252:
238:
2539:"India under the Moghol Empire"
2291:. Westview Press. p. 163.
2169:. Westview Press. p. 162.
2141:. Westview Press. p. 146.
2075:, Part I, New Delhi: S. Chand,
2015:, Part I, New Delhi: S. Chand,
1058:
549:
527:
468:
362:After the last Sayyid ruler of
342:
3349:War in Afghanistan (2001β2021)
1621:Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
1:
2640:. Columbia University Press.
2543:The Last Great Muslim Empires
1238:, allowed the execution of a
1204:, the claimed descendants of
445:finished the conquest of the
2664:Coin Gallery β Lodhi dynasty
2438:. Columbia University Press.
2289:India The Definitive History
2167:India The Definitive History
2139:India The Definitive History
1282:built between 1489 and 1517
1208:, and to the members of his
3221:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2545:. Brill. pp. 262β263.
3411:
3354:War in North-West Pakistan
3314:Afghan War of Independence
1093:, and the death of Sultan
1074:
518:
449:(Sharqis dynasty) in 1479.
389:
325:
29:
2893:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
2763:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
2567:Sharma, Gopinath (1954).
2476:10.1017/s0026749x00009616
2454:. Brill. pp. 74β75.
2436:The New Islamic Dynasties
2073:History of Medieval India
2013:History of Medieval India
1157:Religion and architecture
217:
213:
186:
174:
125:
56:
51:
3149:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
2537:Hartel, Herbert (1997).
2522:10.1163/1568520962601180
2388:Sahai, Surendra (2004).
2287:SarDesai, D. R. (2008).
2165:SarDesai, D. R. (2008).
2137:SarDesai, D. R. (2008).
1962:. The Baburnama Project.
1631:Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah
1077:Battle of Panipat (1526)
1000:Battle of Panipat (1526)
90:(court, revenue records)
3294:Second Anglo-Afghan War
3264:Third Battle of Panipat
3244:First Battle of Panipat
3154:People's Peace Movement
3038:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
2592:10.1163/156852000511222
2333:The Sikhs of the Punjab
2251:10.1163/156852065X00020
1931:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
1904:Owen & Pollock 2018
1071:Battle of Panipat, 1526
204:First Battle of Panipat
79:Official languages
3226:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
3033:Adam Khan and Durkhani
2499:Grewal, J. S. (1990).
2444:Dale, Stephen Frederic
2033:Aniruddha Ray (2019).
1569:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
1532:Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
1302:stepwell was built by
1250:. He also established
1182:
1098:
516:
463:
32:Lodi dynasty of Multan
3385:15th century in India
2329:J. S. Grewal (1998).
1164:
1084:
1006:in the subcontinent.
510:
460:Tomb of Sikandar Lodi
457:
314:when he replaced the
3001:northern Afghanistan
2813:Najib Khan Yousafzai
2464:Modern Asian Studies
1802:Lodi (Pashtun tribe)
1581:Muhammad bin Tughluq
1465:Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
1455:Ghiyas ud din Balban
1334:Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi
962:class=notpageimage|
466:Sikandar Khan Lodi (
3324:Waziristan campaign
3191:Pashtun nationalism
2918:Mohammad Najibullah
1475:Shamsuddin Kayumars
1120:Despite both being
1034:, against Ibrahim.
1010:Afghan factionalism
525:Ibrahim Khan Lodi (
192:β’ Established
3269:Battle of Nowshera
3259:Battle of Gulnabad
3162:Religious-military
3096:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2833:Malalai of Maiwand
2818:Dost Mohammad Khan
2808:Ahmad Shah Durrani
2788:Aimal Khan Mohmand
2783:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
1591:Firuz Shah Tughlaq
1425:Muiz ud din Bahram
1183:
1099:
558:Fall of the empire
517:
491:from the Sharqis.
464:
386:Sikandar Khan Lodi
368:Alauddin Alam Shah
308:Sultanate of Delhi
3362:
3361:
3344:SovietβAfghan War
3329:Second Waziristan
3309:Siege of Malakand
3299:Battle of Maiwand
3201:Afghan (ethnonym)
3177:
3176:
3144:Khudai Khidmatgar
2913:Abdul Ahad Momand
2843:Abdur Rahman Khan
2828:Victor of Maiwand
2793:Darya Khan Afridi
2657:A History of Sind
2401:978-81-7234-057-5
2348:978-0-521-63764-0
2298:978-0-81334-352-5
2235:Richards, John F.
2176:978-0-81334-352-5
2148:978-0-81334-352-5
1942:978-9-38060-734-4
1825:Scholars such as
1798:
1797:
1763:
1762:
1716:
1715:
1659:
1658:
1550:
1549:
1483:
1482:
1445:Nasiruddin Mahmud
1405:Rukn ud din Firuz
1375:Qutb al-Din Aibak
1151:Battle of Ghaghra
1087:Battle of Panipat
541:Battle of Panipat
447:Jaunpur Sultanate
372:Jaunpur Sultanate
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
265:
264:
260:Jaunpur Sultanate
161:β’ 1517β1526
146:β’ 1489β1517
131:β’ 1451β1489
16:(Redirected from
3402:
3334:Mohmand campaign
3319:Afghan Civil War
3284:First Afghan War
3274:Battle of Jamrud
3249:Battle of Chausa
3211:Bannu Resolution
3138:Citizens' groups
3135:
3086:Abdul Hamid Baba
3008:Pashtun clothing
2953:Manzoor Pashteen
2948:Malala Yousafzai
2823:Wazir Akbar Khan
2737:Barakzai dynasty
2693:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2645:
2632:
2603:
2574:
2573:. S.L. Agarwala.
2563:
2561:
2559:
2533:
2504:
2495:
2458:
2439:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2336:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2231:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2134:
2121:
2115:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2030:
2024:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1858:
1841:
1839:
1823:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1735:Bahlul Khan Lodi
1731:
1730:
1674:
1673:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1522:Shihabuddin Omar
1498:
1497:
1435:Ala ud din Masud
1371:
1370:
1358:Ruling dynasties
1346:
1330:
1315:
1295:
1267:
1147:Battle of Khanwa
1062:
1061: 1509β1526
1060:
984:Daulat Khan Lodi
956:
954:
945:
943:
934:
932:
923:
921:
912:
910:
901:
899:
892:
890:
881:
879:
870:
868:
861:
859:
852:
850:
843:
841:
834:
832:
825:
823:
816:
814:
807:
805:
798:
796:
789:
787:
780:
778:
771:
769:
762:
760:
751:
749:
742:
740:
733:
731:
724:
722:
715:
713:
706:
704:
695:
693:
684:
682:
675:
673:
664:
662:
653:
651:
642:
640:
633:
631:
624:
622:
613:
611:
605:
598:
596:
587:
585:
578:
576:
568:
553:
552: 1526β1530
551:
531:
530: 1517β1526
529:
472:
471: 1489β1517
470:
434:
426:
424:
413:
412:
403:
346:
345: 1451β1489
344:
328:Bahlul Khan Lodi
312:Bahlul Khan Lodi
281:
280:
269:
268:
256:
255:
242:
241:
235:
234:
219:
218:
170:
155:
140:
91:
61:
39:
21:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3390:Delhi Sultanate
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3236:
3230:
3183:
3173:
3157:
3133:
3120:
3076:Khushal Khattak
3047:
2981:Pashtun cuisine
2976:Pashtun culture
2962:
2753:Alauddin Khilji
2741:
2732:Durrani dynasty
2703:
2702:-related topics
2697:
2652:
2635:
2606:
2577:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2536:
2507:
2498:
2461:
2448:Peacock, A.C.S.
2442:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2411:
2409:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2310:
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2299:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2266:
2233:
2232:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2204:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2156:
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2136:
2135:
2124:
2116:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2047:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1876:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1794:
1765:
1764:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1671:
1661:
1660:
1573:
1562:
1560:Tughlaq dynasty
1552:
1551:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1368:
1351:Delhi Sultanate
1344:
1337:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1296:
1287:
1268:
1187:Abbasid Caliphs
1159:
1139:
1130:
1113:and another in
1079:
1073:
1057:
1043:
1012:
972:
971:
970:
964:
958:
957:
952:
950:
948:
946:
941:
939:
937:
935:
930:
928:
926:
924:
919:
917:
915:
913:
908:
906:
904:
902:
897:
895:
893:
888:
886:
884:
882:
877:
875:
873:
871:
866:
864:
862:
857:
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853:
848:
846:
844:
839:
837:
835:
830:
828:
826:
821:
819:
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812:
810:
808:
803:
801:
799:
794:
792:
790:
785:
783:
781:
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772:
767:
765:
763:
758:
756:
754:
752:
747:
745:
743:
738:
736:
734:
729:
727:
725:
720:
718:
716:
711:
709:
707:
702:
700:
698:
696:
689:
687:
685:
680:
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676:
671:
669:
667:
665:
660:
658:
656:
654:
649:
647:
645:
643:
638:
636:
634:
629:
627:
625:
620:
618:
616:
614:
609:
607:
603:
601:
599:
594:
592:
590:
588:
583:
581:
579:
574:
572:
570:
560:
548:
526:
523:
513:Malwa Sultanate
505:
467:
452:
451:
450:
441:
436:
435:
428:
427:
421:
418:
416:
414:
407:
404:
394:
388:
341:
330:
324:
278:
253:
239:
206:
193:
168:
162:
153:
147:
138:
132:
89:
85:
64:
47:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Tribal revolts
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Tirah campaign
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3254:Malandari Pass
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:Amir Kror Suri
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:Pashtun tribes
3020:
3018:Pashto singers
3015:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2996:Pashtunization
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2858:Amanullah Khan
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2651:
2650:External links
2648:
2647:
2646:
2633:
2621:10.2307/595978
2604:
2575:
2564:
2551:
2534:
2516:(3): 298β364.
2505:
2496:
2459:
2440:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2400:
2380:
2363:"Unknown Tomb"
2354:
2347:
2316:
2304:
2297:
2279:
2277:, p. 261.
2264:
2221:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2154:
2147:
2122:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2064:
2045:
2025:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1978:, p. 304.
1965:
1948:
1941:
1920:
1908:
1906:, p. 174.
1893:
1874:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1831:Herbert Hartel
1817:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1770:
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1761:
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1757:
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1723:
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1719:
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1713:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1672:
1669:Sayyid dynasty
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
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1623:
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1607:
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1603:
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1576:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1496:
1493:Khalji dynasty
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1451:
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1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1366:Mamluk dynasty
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1300:Rajon ki Baoli
1297:
1290:
1288:
1269:
1262:
1179:Sikandar Lodhi
1158:
1155:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1075:Main article:
1072:
1069:
1042:
1039:
1011:
1008:
960:
959:
947:
936:
925:
914:
903:
894:
883:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
708:
697:
686:
677:
666:
655:
644:
635:
626:
615:
604:TIMURID EMPIRE
600:
589:
580:
569:
563:
562:
561:
559:
556:
537:Timurid Empire
519:Main article:
504:
501:
438:
437:
429:
415:
406:
405:
398:
397:
396:
395:
390:Main article:
387:
384:
376:Sharqi dynasty
326:Main article:
323:
320:
316:Sayyid dynasty
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
275:
266:
263:
262:
257:
249:
248:
246:Sayyid dynasty
243:
231:
230:
225:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
176:
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172:
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160:
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148:
145:
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141:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3407:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:controversies
3180:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Ajmal Khattak
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:Hussain Hotak
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Malalai Kakar
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Mohammed Omar
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Mulla Powinda
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Mirwais Hotak
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Sher Shah Sur
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Hotak dynasty
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2554:
2552:90-04-02104-3
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2314:, p. 34.
2313:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2120:, p. 10.
2119:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:81-219-0364-5
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2046:9781000007299
2042:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:81-219-0364-5
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1976:Bosworth 1996
1972:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1918:, p. 67.
1917:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1854:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:Sikandar Lodi
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1733:
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1727:
1722:
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1698:Muhammad Shah
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1294:
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1280:Lodhi dynasty
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1228:Sikandar Lodi
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1192:
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1176:
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1171:Lodhi Gardens
1168:
1163:
1156:
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1152:
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1122:Sunni Muslims
1118:
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1096:
1092:
1088:
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1004:Mughal Empire
1001:
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967:Mughal Empire
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475:Sikandar Shah
461:
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443:Sikandar Lodi
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411:
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392:Sikandar Lodi
385:
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357:Muhammad Shah
354:
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329:
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276:
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273:Mughal Empire
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209:21 April 1526
208:
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196:19 April 1451
195:
181:
177:
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167:
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151:Sikander Lodi
149:
137:
134:
120:
118:
111:
108:
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101:
98:
94:
88:
84:
81:
74:
71:
67:
60:
55:
50:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3375:Lodi dynasty
3216:Kalabagh Dam
3196:Pashtunistan
3013:Pashto media
2933:Ashraf Ghani
2928:Hamid Karzai
2888:Faqir of Ipi
2878:Sartor Faqir
2853:Soraya Tarzi
2848:Mahmud Tarzi
2803:Mahmud Hotak
2768:Ibrahim Lodi
2722:Suri dynasty
2717:Lodi dynasty
2716:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2615:(1): 44β51.
2612:
2608:
2586:(1): 23β33.
2583:
2579:
2569:
2556:. Retrieved
2542:
2513:
2509:
2500:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2435:
2417:
2410:. Retrieved
2390:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2357:
2332:
2307:
2288:
2282:
2245:(1): 47β67.
2242:
2238:
2212:. Retrieved
2192:
2185:
2166:
2138:
2097:
2088:
2072:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2035:
2028:
2012:
2007:
1995:
1990:, p. 9.
1983:
1958:
1951:
1932:
1911:
1884:. Retrieved
1864:
1856:
1827:J. S. Grewal
1821:
1807:Lodi Gardens
1755:Ibrahim Lodi
1726:Lodi dynasty
1725:
1688:Mubarak Shah
1601:Tughluq Khan
1542:Khusrau Khan
1349:
1272:Shish Gumbad
1226:
1214:
1201:
1191:Muslim world
1184:
1140:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1100:
1044:
1036:
1013:
981:
973:
918:VIJAYANAGARA
690:
639:PHAGMODRUPAS
591:
582:
534:
524:
521:Ibrahim Lodi
503:Ibrahim Lodi
493:
474:
465:
419:
361:
338:Turco-Afghan
331:
304:royal family
297:Lodi dynasty
296:
294:
228:Succeeded by
227:
222:
166:Ibrahim Lodi
36:
18:Lodi Dynasty
3289:Ambela Pass
3235:Battles and
3206:Durand Line
3111:Kabir Stori
3071:Rahman Baba
2986:Pashtunwali
2938:Arfa Siddiq
2758:Bahlul Lodi
2746:Key figures
2312:Sharma 1954
2275:Hartel 1997
2118:Grewal 1990
2057:10 February
2000:Hartel 1997
1988:Grewal 1990
1834: [
1248:Salar Masud
1167:Bara Gumbad
1137:Mahmud Lodi
1103:Daulat Khan
1065:Daulat Khan
1032:Dariya Khan
322:Bahlol Lodi
306:that ruled
223:Preceded by
136:Bahlol Lodi
100:Sunni Islam
3369:Categories
3182:Topics and
3116:Ghani Khan
3101:Hamza Baba
3081:Nazo Tokhi
3066:Pir Roshan
3028:Loya jirga
2908:Daoud Khan
2903:Zahir Shah
2873:Bacha Khan
2863:Nadir Shah
2838:Saidu Baba
2470:(3): 454.
2373:15 October
2203:0226742210
1875:0226742210
1848:References
1678:Khizr Khan
1502:Jalaluddin
1143:Rana Sanga
1052:leader of
1046:Rana Sanga
1020:Jalaluddin
986:asked the
907:AHMADNAGAR
573:South Asia
106:Government
3279:Herat War
3237:conflicts
2958:Ali Wazir
2898:Wali Khan
2883:Umra Khan
2773:Gaju Khan
2709:Dynasties
2492:145789251
1916:Dale 2020
1759:1517β1526
1749:1489β1517
1739:1451β1489
1712:1445β1451
1708:Alam Shah
1702:1434β1445
1692:1421β1434
1682:1414β1421
1655:1394β1413
1645:1394β1398
1625:1390β1393
1615:1389β1390
1605:1388β1389
1595:1351β1388
1585:1325β1351
1574:1320β1325
1536:1316β1320
1516:1296β1316
1506:1290β1296
1469:1287β1290
1459:1266β1287
1449:1246β1266
1439:1242β1246
1429:1240β1242
1419:1236-1240
1399:1211β1236
1395:Iltutmish
1389:1210β1211
1385:Aram Shah
1379:1206β1210
1278:from the
1153:in 1529.
990:ruler of
953:SULTANATE
942:SULTANATE
931:SULTANATE
909:SULTANATE
878:SULTANATE
759:SULTANATE
730:SHEKHAWAT
721:JAISALMER
703:SULTANATE
672:SULTANATE
661:SULTANATE
650:SULTANATE
621:SULTANATE
593:SULTANATE
422:SULTANATE
96:Religion
52:1451β1526
2406:Archived
2367:Archived
2214:21 April
2208:Archived
2083:, p. 256
2051:Archived
2023:, p. 244
1886:25 March
1880:Archived
1512:Alauddin
1342:See also
1306:in 1516.
1206:Muhammad
1111:Kandahar
1089:against
951:GOLKONDA
898:GONDWANA
887:GAJAPATI
867:SUGAUNAS
648:KHANDESH
619:SHAH MIR
484:Sanskrit
110:Monarchy
3169:Taliban
2968:Culture
2700:Pashtun
2600:3632771
2558:20 July
2530:3632649
2428:Sources
2259:3596342
1240:Brahman
1212:tribe.
1210:Quraysh
1202:shaikhs
1145:in the
1095:IbrΔhΔ«m
1024:Jaunpur
1016:Pashtun
988:Timurid
929:BIJAPUR
858:KAMATAS
795:KARAULI
757:GUJARAT
748:BIKANER
712:AMARKOT
681:ARGHUNS
610:(Babur)
595:(LODIS)
575:1525 CE
497:Brahman
420:JAUNPUR
380:Jaunpur
349:Sirhind
299:was an
202:β’
179:History
139:(first)
87:Persian
83:Hindavi
69:Capital
3125:Groups
2991:Pashto
2629:595978
2627:
2598:
2549:
2528:
2490:
2484:312590
2482:
2412:14 May
2398:
2345:
2295:
2257:
2200:
2173:
2145:
2079:
2043:
2019:
1939:
1872:
1252:sharia
1244:mazars
1197:, the
1050:Rajput
1048:, the
976:Deccan
920:EMPIRE
889:EMPIRE
876:BENGAL
840:TRIPWA
831:DIMASA
813:SIROHI
777:MARWAR
701:LANGAH
691:KALMAT
630:KANGRA
353:Punjab
334:Afghan
301:Afghan
182:
169:(last)
121:
117:Sultan
3053:Poets
3043:Jirga
2625:JSTOR
2596:JSTOR
2526:JSTOR
2488:S2CID
2480:JSTOR
2341:β11.
2255:JSTOR
1838:]
1813:Notes
1321:tombs
1256:qazis
1236:ulama
1232:Sunni
1221:jizya
1217:zakat
1195:ulama
1175:Delhi
1115:Kabul
1091:Babur
1054:Mewar
1028:Bihar
996:Babur
992:Kabul
940:BIDAR
822:VAGAD
804:MEWAT
786:AMBER
768:MEWAR
739:BUNDI
670:MALWA
659:BERAR
584:DELHI
545:Babur
489:Bihar
364:Delhi
154:(2nd)
73:Delhi
2560:2011
2547:ISBN
2414:2022
2396:ISBN
2375:2015
2343:ISBN
2293:ISBN
2216:2022
2198:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2077:ISBN
2059:2023
2041:ISBN
2017:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1888:2021
1870:ISBN
1829:and
1635:1393
1546:1320
1526:1316
1479:1290
1409:1236
1298:The
1276:tomb
1274:, a
1270:The
1199:Sufi
1165:The
1085:The
849:AHOM
479:Agra
458:The
351:in (
295:The
46:ΩΩΨ―Ϋ
43:Lodi
2617:doi
2588:doi
2518:doi
2472:doi
2247:doi
1173:in
1169:in
554:).
336:or
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2613:82
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2584:43
2582:.
2524:.
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2486:.
2478:.
2468:22
2466:.
2416:.
2404:.
2319:^
2267:^
2253:.
2241:.
2224:^
2206:.
2157:^
2125:^
2106:^
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2039:.
1968:^
1923:^
1896:^
1878:.
1836:de
1284:CE
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1030:,
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550:r.
528:r.
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1945:.
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1056:(
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547:(
462:.
34:.
20:)
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