44:
1117:
558:
436:
3328:
3316:
3304:
632:
argued that even though Loewen dedicated an entire chapter to research methodology, his statements regarding the number of communities that supported racial exclusion policies were widely variable and vague. "This vagueness, along with Loewen's almost evangelical passion for his material, raises
685:
was planned to call attention to historical sites that are accurate and provide honest representations of events. His official website invited the public to comment on what towns and historical sites should be included in terms of presenting history right.
367:
for Best
Southern Nonfiction in 1975. The book was rejected for use in Mississippi's public schools by the Mississippi Textbook Purchasing Board on the grounds that it was too controversial and placed too much focus on racial matters.
3418:
480:, and mythologized views of history. Loewen points out in the book that many of the distortions found in American history texts are "not even by the authors whose names grace the cover." In March 2012, the book's publisher,
488:
as their top all-time bestseller. The book reflects Loewen's belief that history should not be taught as straightforward facts and dates to memorize, but rather as analysis of the context and root causes of events.
409:
386:
538:(Teachers College Press, 2009). The first four chapters lay out an argument for how history should be taught at the elementary and secondary levels, while chapters 5–10 address teaching specific issues in history.
694:
Loewen married his first wife, Patricia
Hanrahan, in 1968. Together, they had two children. They divorced in 1975. In 2006, he married Susan Robertson, and they remained married until his death.
1099:
3448:
413:
724:
1543:
1227:
664:, is a memoir in which he returned to his life’s work and addressed the origins of racism and inequality, the theory of history, and the ties between the two.
3368:
3383:
272:
1273:
508:
3363:
43:
3453:
3413:
3403:
3388:
1291:
3423:
1081:
896:
3393:
943:
924:
885:
866:
826:
805:
784:
756:
737:
209:(February 6, 1942 – August 19, 2021) was an American sociologist, historian, and author. He was best known for his 1995 book,
3428:
1195:
3358:
2209:
1854:
3408:
3378:
1536:
1257:
1172:
147:
3433:
1454:
1361:
1334:
1015:
3398:
389:
ruled that the rejection of the textbook was not based on "justifiable grounds", and that the authors were denied their right to
249:
124:
304:
3373:
847:
322:
1529:
1378:
650:
3438:
2852:
1423:
1235:
561:
397:
1783:
1224:
597:
were forced (or strongly encouraged) to leave before sundown to avoid racist violence by the towns' white residents.
3443:
3294:
3043:
2952:
2432:
536:
Teaching What Really
Happened: How to Avoid the Tyranny of Textbooks & Get Students Excited About Doing History
300:
2896:
3109:
2871:
2560:
2388:
1798:
1353:
Teaching What Really
Happened: How to Avoid the Tyranny of Textbooks and Get Students Excited About Doing History
859:
Teaching What Really
Happened: How to Avoid the Tyranny of Textbooks and Get Students Excited About Doing History
626:. The book inspired a nationwide online initiative to monitor and list sunset towns across the USA. A review in
3088:
2347:
1921:
729:
364:
2618:
1168:
476:(1995), which was republished in 2007 and 2018. He concluded that textbook authors propagate factually false,
2342:
1277:
2730:
2603:
2174:
2164:
796:
472:
459:
211:
174:
158:
2906:
1906:
377:
253:
3185:
2565:
2479:
1911:
1883:
1747:
1587:
312:
268:
143:
3257:
3058:
2836:
2745:
2048:
3233:
3214:
3007:
2826:
2475:
1298:
3353:
3348:
3277:
3237:
3209:
3195:
3190:
3068:
2876:
2791:
2776:
2750:
2495:
2471:
2427:
2367:
2337:
2178:
2149:
2063:
1998:
1970:
1844:
1638:
1628:
1552:
1516:
499:
2991:
2124:
980:
3159:
3154:
3129:
3093:
3073:
2886:
2796:
2705:
2540:
2452:
2292:
2247:
2229:
2169:
2159:
2058:
2003:
1902:
1898:
1778:
1742:
1663:
1658:
1582:
1428:
817:
673:
628:
605:
334:
271:. He was intrigued by learning about the unique place of nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants and
164:
2911:
2881:
2696:
2692:
2242:
1100:"Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong"
3229:
3119:
2806:
2663:
2569:
2530:
2276:
1974:
1951:
1946:
1916:
1863:
1732:
1135:
702:
654:
308:
280:
115:
91:
2593:
1978:
1828:
2119:
2957:
2786:
2725:
2701:
2668:
2643:
2577:
2442:
2357:
2327:
2297:
2262:
2068:
2044:
1868:
1773:
1727:
1709:
1673:
1643:
1450:
1357:
1330:
1253:
1203:
1143:
1078:
939:
920:
881:
862:
843:
822:
801:
780:
752:
733:
698:
284:
267:, an experience in a different culture that led him to question what he had been taught about
233:
68:
1351:
439:
3308:
3247:
3224:
3200:
3144:
3134:
3053:
2916:
2608:
2555:
2525:
2510:
2466:
2422:
2413:
2393:
2383:
2352:
2214:
2134:
2078:
2073:
2039:
2023:
1803:
1793:
1653:
677:, which noted historically inaccurate or misleading historical markers and sites across the
586:
463:
338:
326:
296:
260:
237:
120:
1521:
1052:"History and Social Justice - Inspired by James W. Loewen, sociologist, historian, citizen"
3332:
3175:
3114:
3038:
3012:
2861:
2831:
2811:
2760:
2715:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2505:
2398:
2362:
2317:
2257:
2199:
2008:
1823:
1818:
1592:
1231:
1085:
594:
275:
in
Mississippi culture, commonly thought of as biracial. Loewen went on to earn a PhD in
321:
of sociology in 1995. Starting in 1997, he was a visiting professor of sociology at the
3320:
3149:
3002:
2996:
2986:
2962:
2901:
2598:
2520:
2418:
2332:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2183:
2129:
2053:
2018:
1983:
1937:
1893:
1873:
1788:
1737:
1648:
1623:
706:
646:
354:
3342:
3262:
3219:
3078:
3063:
2947:
2937:
2866:
2821:
2755:
2676:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2550:
2456:
2447:
2408:
2312:
2267:
2252:
2204:
2088:
2013:
1942:
1888:
1878:
1752:
1602:
1597:
1567:
1470:
838:
678:
590:
481:
467:
405:
382:
878:
The
Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The "Great Truth" about the "Lost Cause"
3281:
3267:
3252:
3205:
3139:
3083:
3033:
2891:
2781:
2735:
2720:
2672:
2545:
2515:
2403:
2272:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2114:
1988:
1757:
1714:
1694:
1577:
1196:"James Loewen to Talk about History's Omissions and Errors at Evergreen Graduation"
618:
won the
Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award. It also gained excellent reviews in
582:
221:
1276:(Interview). Interviewed by Dan Falcone. SpeakOut. August 12, 2013. Archived from
1444:
1324:
3180:
3124:
3048:
2981:
2976:
2921:
2816:
2801:
2740:
2710:
2638:
2633:
2461:
2307:
2302:
2093:
1961:
1858:
1849:
1618:
1446:
The
Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The Great Truth about the Lost Cause
643:
The
Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The Great Truth about the Lost Cause
503:
477:
390:
264:
17:
1512:
797:
Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your High School History Textbook Got Wrong
3242:
2942:
2500:
2437:
2322:
2219:
2083:
1993:
1966:
1813:
1808:
1704:
1699:
1668:
1633:
1400:
1147:
3272:
2972:
2857:
2535:
2109:
1956:
1722:
1718:
1250:
Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong
473:
Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong
276:
245:
241:
212:
Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong
3028:
1689:
350:
317:
95:
72:
1572:
1503:
1136:"Charles Sallis, 89, Dies; Upended the Teaching of Mississippi History"
372:
818:
Lies Across America: What Our Historic Markers and Monuments Get Wrong
1507:
1118:
Charles Sallis, 89, Dies; Upended the Teaching of Mississippi History
633:
questions of credibility – or at least of potential overstatement."
600:
Loewen wrote about sundown towns throughout his career, including in
577:
Continuing his interest in racism in the United States, Loewen wrote
569:
450:
669:
Surprises on the Landscape: Unexpected Places That Get History Right
981:"James W. Loewen, Who Challenged How History Is Taught, Dies at 79"
3419:
Catholic University of America School of Arts and Sciences faculty
581:, which was released in 2005. The book documents the histories of
1525:
1496:
1051:
416:
case and one of the foundations of the "right to read freely."
197:
1016:"James W. Loewen, wrote 'Lies My Teacher Told Me,' dead at 79"
248:
and teacher. Loewen was raised in Decatur, where he attended
387:
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi
667:
Before his death, Loewen began researching for a new book,
880:. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi.
1443:
Loewen, James W.; Sebesta, Edward H. (January 5, 2011).
641:
In 2010, Loewen and Edward H. Sebesta co-wrote the book
1471:"Up a Creek, with a Paddle: Tales of Canoeing and Life"
29:
American sociologist, historian, and author (1942–2021)
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
3292:
1088:. University of Illinois. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
936:
Up a Creek, With a Paddle: Tales of Canoeing and Life
662:
Up a Creek, With a Paddle: Tales of Canoeing and Life
218:
Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism,
579:
Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism
3168:
3102:
3021:
2930:
2845:
2769:
2685:
2586:
2488:
2376:
2285:
2192:
2102:
2032:
1930:
1837:
1766:
1682:
1611:
1560:
705:. He was 79, and had been diagnosed with Stage IV
550:
428:
192:
182:
153:
139:
131:
111:
103:
80:
50:
34:
1356:(2 ed.). Teachers College Press. p. 19.
311:. For 20 years, Loewen taught about racism at the
220:galvanized a national effort to develop a list of
236:, on February 6, 1942. His father, David, was a
1194:Evergreen Communications Office (May 16, 2008).
747:Loewen, James W.; Sallis, Charles, eds. (1974).
725:The Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White
3449:Deaths from bladder cancer in the United States
1326:Lies My Teacher Told Me: Young Readers' Edition
917:Lies My Teacher Told Me: Young Readers' Edition
494:Lies My Teacher Told Me: Young Readers’ Edition
263:. In 1963, as a junior, he spent a semester in
518:Lies My Teacher Told Me: Young Readers Edition
244:community; his mother, Winifred (Gore), was a
1537:
1202:. The Evergreen State College. Archived from
876:Loewen, James W.; Sebesta, Edward H. (2010).
8:
604:, in which he called the affluent suburb of
1073:
1071:
1069:
915:Loewen, James W.; Stefoff, Rebecca (2019).
1544:
1530:
1522:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
717:Loewen has published the following works:
645:, an anthology containing a wide array of
466:textbooks then widely used throughout the
371:Loewen challenged the board decision in a
42:
31:
671:. The book was planned as a follow-up to
897:"Five myths about why the South seceded"
3299:
1129:
1127:
1121:, The New York Times, February 19, 2024
979:McFadden, Robert D. (August 20, 2021).
958:
509:A People's History of the United States
349:Loewen co-edited a Mississippi history
1350:Loewen, James W. (September 7, 2018).
895:Loewen, James W. (February 26, 2011).
547:
425:
295:Loewen first taught in Mississippi at
1248:Loewen, James W. (October 16, 2007).
1225:"Notable First Amendment court cases"
7:
1134:Nossiter, Adam (February 16, 2024).
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
861:. New York: Teachers College Press.
770:. Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company.
1449:. University Press of Mississippi.
1381:. No. 33. Learning for Justice
1323:Loewen, James W. (April 23, 2019).
697:Loewen died on August 19, 2021, at
462:, where he studied and compared 12
3369:21st-century American male writers
1422:Wexler, Laura (October 23, 2005).
1379:"Does My Town Have a Racist Past?"
1274:"Oh What a Web Textbooks Weave..."
1173:Child Rights International Network
1014:Italie, Hillel (August 20, 2021).
749:Mississippi: Conflict & Change
516:accessible for younger readers in
360:Mississippi: Conflict & Change
148:The Catholic University of America
25:
3384:American male non-fiction writers
1098:Loewen, James W. (July 1, 2015).
938:. Oakland, California: PM Press.
359:
3364:21st-century American historians
3326:
3314:
3302:
556:
470:. He published his findings in
434:
240:and physician from an immigrant
768:Social Science in the Courtroom
305:American Missionary Association
186:Winifred (Gore) Loewen (mother)
3454:Deaths from cancer in Maryland
3414:Writers from Decatur, Illinois
3404:American educational reformers
3389:American anti-racism activists
1424:"Darkness on the Edge of Town"
1079:"Biography of James W. Loewen"
728:(second ed.). Cambridge:
709:two years prior to his death.
660:Loewen's last published book,
502:, known for her adaptation of
458:Loewen spent two years at the
323:Catholic University of America
135:Historian, author, sociologist
1:
3424:University of Vermont faculty
1238:. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
525:Teaching What Really Happened
3394:Historians of race relations
2897:Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
1297:. March 2012. Archived from
1236:American Library Association
751:. New York: Pantheon Books.
398:American Library Association
3429:American Book Award winners
2561:Mill Hunk Herald Collective
919:. New York: The New Press.
842:. New York: The New Press.
821:. New York: The New Press.
800:. New York: The New Press.
3470:
3359:American education writers
2953:Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
1230:December 10, 2011, at the
562:Presentation by Loewen on
301:historically black college
3409:Harvard University alumni
3379:American textbook writers
3110:Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
2389:Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
1799:Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
1377:Loewen, James W. (2008).
934:Loewen, James W. (2020).
857:Loewen, James W. (2010).
836:Loewen, James W. (2005).
815:Loewen, James W. (1999).
794:Loewen, James W. (1995).
775:Loewen, James W. (1992).
766:Loewen, James W. (1982).
722:Loewen, James W. (1971).
555:
512:for young readers, makes
443:interview with Louwen on
433:
315:, where he was professor
283:based on his research on
41:
3434:Historians from Illinois
2348:Josephine Gattuso Hendin
1084:August 13, 2016, at the
777:The Truth About Columbus
730:Harvard University Press
647:primary source documents
585:, which are towns where
365:Lillian Smith Book Award
188:David F. Loewen (father)
107:Jim Loewen, James Loewen
3399:Carleton College alumni
2175:Septima Poinsette Clark
2165:Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
1175:(CRIN). January 2, 2015
532:Lies My Teacher Told Me
514:Lies My Teacher Told Me
486:Lies My Teacher Told Me
460:Smithsonian Institution
445:Lies My Teacher Told Me
421:Lies My Teacher Told Me
256:as a graduate in 1960.
175:The Mississippi Chinese
159:Lies My Teacher Told Me
1784:Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
1513:James W. Loewen's page
1252:. Simon and Schuster.
1169:"Loewen v. Turnipseed"
363:(1974), which won the
345:First Amendment battle
254:National Merit Scholar
3374:American sociologists
2619:José Antonio Burciaga
2594:A'Lelia Perry Bundles
2566:Nora Marks Dauenhauer
1884:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
1748:Ronald Phillip Tanaka
1588:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
1292:"The New Press Index"
653:from the time of the
313:University of Vermont
269:United States history
250:MacArthur High School
144:University of Vermont
125:MacArthur High School
3196:E. Donald Two-Rivers
3069:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
3044:Guillermo Gómez-Peña
2731:Francisco X. AlarcĂłn
2604:Benjamin Alire Sáenz
2472:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
2433:José Emilio González
2368:William Minoru Hohri
2338:J. California Cooper
2179:Cynthia Stokes Brown
1999:Robert Edward Duncan
1907:Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
1629:Bienvenido N. Santos
1553:American Book Awards
1517:History News Network
402:Loewen v. Turnipseed
378:Loewen v. Turnipseed
329:He was selected for
207:James William Loewen
55:James William Loewen
3439:American Mennonites
2797:Janet Campbell Hale
2541:Karen Tei Yamashita
2453:Michelle T. Clinton
2293:Alma Luz Villanueva
2230:Jimmy Santiago Baca
2160:Juan Felipe Herrera
1899:Ruthanne Lum McCunn
1743:Lorna Dee Cervantes
1583:Leslie Marmon Silko
1555:winners (1980–1999)
1429:The Washington Post
1304:on November 2, 2012
1104:The Washington Post
901:The Washington Post
674:Lies Across America
629:The Washington Post
606:Darien, Connecticut
602:Lies Across America
335:Omicron Delta Kappa
232:Loewen was born in
165:Lies Across America
3258:LuĂs Alberto Urrea
3120:Brenda Marie Osbey
2807:Lawson Fusao Inada
2664:Verlyn Klinkenborg
2570:Richard Dauenhauer
2531:John Edgar Wideman
2480:Margarita Donnelly
2049:Gloria E. AnzaldĂşa
1952:Colleen J. McElroy
1947:John Kuo Wei Tchen
1922:William J. Kennedy
1917:Venkatesh Kulkarni
1864:Imamu Amiri Baraka
1733:Joyce Carol Thomas
1206:on August 21, 2021
1140:The New York Times
1054:. Tougaloo College
985:The New York Times
703:Bethesda, Maryland
655:American Civil War
649:pertaining to the
566:, October 23, 2005
412:1980), a historic
309:American Civil War
281:Harvard University
116:Harvard University
3444:Mennonite writers
3290:
3289:
3059:Montserrat Fontes
2958:E.J. Miller Laino
2853:Abraham Rodriguez
2837:Virginia L. Kroll
2746:Leroy V. Quintana
2726:Eugene B. Redmond
2702:Christopher Mogil
2669:William B. Branch
2644:Peter Kalifornsky
2578:Thomas Centolella
2496:Alejandro MurguĂa
2443:Lloyd A. Thompson
2358:Shuntaro Tanikawa
2328:Henry Louis Gates
2263:Salvatore La Puma
1774:Barbara Christian
1728:Jerome Rothenberg
1710:Hilton Obenzinger
1674:Toni Cade Bambara
1329:. The New Press.
1280:on March 4, 2016.
1200:www.evergreen.edu
945:978-1-62963-827-0
926:978-1-62097-469-8
887:978-1-60473-218-4
868:978-0-8077-5948-6
828:978-0-684-87067-0
807:978-1-56584-100-0
786:978-1-56584-008-9
758:978-0-394-48964-3
739:978-0-674-57660-5
699:Suburban Hospital
620:Publishers Weekly
587:African Americans
575:
574:
456:
455:
406:488 F. Supp. 1138
285:Chinese Americans
273:their descendants
234:Decatur, Illinois
204:
203:
16:(Redirected from
3461:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3248:Josip Novakovich
3234:Gerald V. Mohatt
3225:James D. Houston
3215:Gioia Timpanelli
3201:Edwidge Danticat
3145:Nora Okja Keller
3135:John A. Williams
3089:William M. Banks
3008:Stephanie Cowell
2917:Gordon Henry Jr.
2827:Rose L. Glickman
2609:Donna J. Haraway
2574:R. Baxter Miller
2556:Meridel Le Sueur
2526:Jessica Hagedorn
2511:Charley Trujillo
2476:Mayumi Tsutakawa
2467:Paula Gunn Allen
2423:J. Raymond Jones
2414:James M. Freeman
2394:Daniela Gioseffi
2384:Adrienne Kennedy
2353:Leslie Scalapino
2215:David Halberstam
2135:Etheridge Knight
2079:Raymond Federman
2074:Natasha Borovsky
2040:Anna Lee Walters
2024:William Oandasan
1804:John A. Williams
1794:James D. Houston
1654:Peter Blue Cloud
1546:
1539:
1532:
1523:
1500:
1499:
1497:Official website
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1245:
1239:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1089:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1048:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1020:Associated Press
1011:
996:
995:
993:
991:
976:
949:
930:
911:
909:
907:
891:
872:
853:
832:
811:
790:
771:
762:
743:
560:
559:
548:
530:Loewen built on
464:American history
447:, March 26, 1995
438:
437:
426:
339:SUNY Plattsburgh
327:Washington, D.C.
297:Tougaloo College
287:in Mississippi.
261:Carleton College
259:Loewen attended
238:medical director
200:
121:Carleton College
104:Other names
87:
65:February 6, 1942
64:
62:
46:
32:
21:
18:Loewen, James W.
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3278:Chiori Santiago
3238:Ciulistet Group
3210:Meg McHutchison
3191:Chiori Santiago
3176:Alice McDermott
3164:
3115:Angela Y. Davis
3098:
3039:Dorothy Barresi
3017:
3013:William H. Gass
3001:Ron Sakolsky /
2968:James W. Loewen
2926:
2862:Robert L. Allen
2841:
2832:Tino Villanueva
2812:Nicole Blackman
2792:Gregory J. Reed
2777:Giose Rimanelli
2765:
2761:Ninotchka Rosca
2751:Katherine Peter
2716:Denise Giardina
2681:
2659:Sheila Hamanaka
2654:Sandra Scofield
2649:Raymond Andrews
2582:
2484:
2399:Elizabeth Woody
2372:
2363:Charles Fanning
2318:Eduardo Galeano
2281:
2258:Ronald Sukenick
2200:Allison Blakely
2188:
2098:
2028:
2009:Sandra Cisneros
1971:Taisanboku Mori
1926:
1855:Howard Schwartz
1833:
1824:Peter Guralnick
1819:Nash Candelaria
1762:
1678:
1639:Lionel Mitchell
1607:
1593:Milton Murayama
1556:
1550:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1403:. The New Press
1401:"Sundown Towns"
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:Wayback Machine
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1115:
1111:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1086:Wayback Machine
1076:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1012:
999:
989:
987:
978:
977:
960:
956:
946:
933:
927:
914:
905:
903:
894:
888:
875:
869:
856:
850:
835:
829:
814:
808:
793:
787:
774:
765:
759:
746:
740:
721:
715:
692:
639:
608:, a modern-day
595:minority groups
557:
551:External videos
546:
528:
500:Rebecca Stefoff
497:
435:
429:External videos
424:
414:First Amendment
347:
303:founded by the
293:
230:
196:
187:
146:
140:Organization(s)
123:
119:
112:Alma mater
99:
89:
85:
84:August 19, 2021
76:
66:
60:
58:
57:
56:
37:
36:James W. Loewen
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3323:
3311:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3150:Sandra Benitez
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:Fred Weihan Ho
2999:
2997:Sherman Alexie
2994:
2992:Robert Viscusi
2989:
2987:Maria Espinosa
2984:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2963:Glenn C. Loury
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:Marnie Mueller
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Graciela LimĂłn
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Art Spiegelman
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Deborah Keenan
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:John C. Walter
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:Jennifer Stone
2340:
2335:
2333:Isabel Allende
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2298:Askia M. Touré
2295:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:Cherry Muhanji
2235:Kesho Y. Scott
2232:
2227:
2225:Gerald Vizenor
2222:
2220:Edward Sanders
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2184:Terry McMillan
2181:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:Dorothy Bryant
2127:
2125:Daniel McGuire
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Miguel AlgarĂn
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Helen Barolini
2051:
2045:CherrĂe Moraga
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:Julia Vinograd
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Louise Erdrich
1981:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1940:
1938:Angela Jackson
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Thomas McGrath
1909:
1896:
1894:Paule Marshall
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Joseph Bruchac
1871:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1789:Harriet Rohmer
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:Leroy Quintana
1735:
1730:
1725:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Nicholasa Mohr
1646:
1644:Miguel AlgarĂn
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Alan Chong Lau
1621:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1490:
1489:External links
1487:
1485:
1484:
1462:
1455:
1435:
1414:
1392:
1369:
1362:
1342:
1335:
1315:
1283:
1265:
1259:978-0743296281
1258:
1240:
1217:
1186:
1160:
1123:
1109:
1090:
1077:Cheney, Matt.
1065:
1032:
997:
957:
955:
952:
951:
950:
944:
931:
925:
912:
892:
886:
873:
867:
854:
848:
833:
827:
812:
806:
791:
785:
772:
763:
757:
744:
738:
714:
711:
707:bladder cancer
691:
688:
638:
637:Later writings
635:
612:sundown town.
573:
572:
553:
552:
545:
540:
527:
522:
496:
491:
454:
453:
431:
430:
423:
418:
381:(1980). Judge
355:Charles Sallis
346:
343:
333:membership in
292:
289:
229:
226:
202:
201:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
155:
154:Known for
151:
150:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
90:
88:(aged 79)
82:
78:
77:
67:
54:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3466:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3300:
3296:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Nelson George
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:Gloria Naylor
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Scott DeVeaux
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3094:Brenda Knight
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3079:Thulani Davis
3077:
3075:
3074:Sunaina Maira
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Noel Ignatiev
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:MartĂn Espada
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Chang-Rae Lee
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Agate Nesaule
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:Linda Raymond
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Denise Chavez
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Ronald Takaki
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Nelson George
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Peter Woodrow
2703:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2677:August Wilson
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Lucy Thompson
2627:
2625:
2624:Keith Gilyard
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:Fritjof Capra
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Mary Crow Dog
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Sesshu Foster
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Martin Bernal
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Itabari Njeri
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:Emory Elliott
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Toni Morrison
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Benjamin Hoff
2251:
2249:
2248:Marlon K. Hom
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Charles Olson
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Terence Winch
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Jeff Hannusch
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Sonia Sanchez
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:Arnold Genthe
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:You-shan Tang
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Maurice Kenny
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Cecilia Liang
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Russell Banks
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Rose Drachler
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1603:Rudolfo Anaya
1601:
1599:
1598:Quincy Troupe
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Douglas Woolf
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1456:9781604737882
1452:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1363:9780807759486
1359:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1336:9781620974858
1332:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1316:
1300:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
986:
982:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
959:
953:
947:
941:
937:
932:
928:
922:
918:
913:
902:
898:
893:
889:
883:
879:
874:
870:
864:
860:
855:
851:
845:
841:
840:
839:Sundown Towns
834:
830:
824:
820:
819:
813:
809:
803:
799:
798:
792:
788:
782:
779:. New Press.
778:
773:
769:
764:
760:
754:
750:
745:
741:
735:
731:
727:
726:
720:
719:
718:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
695:
690:Personal life
689:
687:
684:
680:
679:United States
676:
675:
670:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
634:
631:
630:
625:
621:
617:
616:Sundown Towns
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:sundown towns
580:
571:
567:
565:
564:Sundown Towns
554:
549:
544:
543:Sundown Towns
541:
539:
537:
533:
526:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
510:
505:
504:Howard Zinn's
501:
495:
492:
490:
487:
483:
482:The New Press
479:
475:
474:
469:
468:United States
465:
461:
452:
448:
446:
442:
432:
427:
422:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:Orma R. Smith
380:
379:
374:
369:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
331:honoris causa
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:
223:
222:sundown towns
219:
216:A 2005 book,
215:
213:
208:
199:
195:
191:
185:
181:
177:
176:
171:
170:Sundown Towns
167:
166:
161:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
132:Occupation(s)
130:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
93:
83:
79:
74:
70:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
27:
19:
3282:Judith Lowry
3268:Speer Morgan
3253:Lauro Flores
3206:Judith Roche
3160:Thomas Lynch
3140:Nancy Rawles
3084:Tom De Haven
3034:Derrick Bell
2967:
2912:Sandra Martz
2892:Li-Young Lee
2882:Thomas Avena
2872:John Egerton
2782:Eric Drooker
2736:Gerald Graff
2721:Diane Glancy
2697:Belvie Rooks
2693:Asake Bomani
2673:Amiri Baraka
2546:Lucia Berlin
2516:D. H. Melhem
2506:Bruce Wright
2404:Hualing Nieh
2273:Wing Tek Lum
2243:Egyirba High
2170:Michael Mayo
2155:John Wieners
2145:Harvey Pekar
2140:Gary Giddins
2115:Ana Castillo
1989:Maureen Owen
1829:Seán Ó Tuama
1758:Tato Laviera
1715:Him Mark Lai
1695:Duane Niatum
1659:Robert Kelly
1578:Jayne Cortez
1475:. Retrieved
1465:
1445:
1438:
1427:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1372:
1352:
1345:
1325:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1286:
1278:the original
1268:
1249:
1243:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1199:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1163:
1153:February 17,
1151:. Retrieved
1139:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1093:
1056:. Retrieved
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
988:. Retrieved
984:
935:
916:
906:December 17,
904:. Retrieved
900:
877:
858:
837:
816:
795:
776:
767:
748:
723:
716:
713:Bibliography
696:
693:
682:
672:
668:
666:
661:
659:
642:
640:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
601:
599:
593:, and other
578:
576:
563:
542:
535:
531:
529:
524:
517:
513:
507:
498:
493:
485:
471:
457:
444:
440:
420:
401:
395:
376:
370:
358:
348:
330:
316:
294:
258:
231:
217:
210:
206:
205:
173:
169:
163:
157:
86:(2021-08-19)
26:
3354:2021 deaths
3349:1942 births
3230:Jerry Lipka
3181:Anna Linzer
3125:Don DeLillo
3049:Louis Owens
2982:Kimiko Hahn
2977:Edward Said
2922:Tricia Rose
2907:Peter Quinn
2817:Paul Gilroy
2802:Jill Nelson
2741:Jack Beatty
2711:Cornel West
2639:Peter Bacho
2634:Norma Field
2462:Miles Davis
2428:John Norton
2308:Carolyn Lau
2303:Audre Lorde
2277:Tek Lum Lum
2210:Daisy Bates
2150:James Welch
2094:Toshio Mori
2064:Linda Hogan
1975:Sojin Takei
1962:Peter Irons
1869:JesĂşs ColĂłn
1859:Mark Podwal
1850:Gary Snyder
1845:Cecil Brown
1573:Edward Dorn
1504:Appearances
1179:October 12,
651:Confederacy
506:bestseller
478:Eurocentric
393:and press.
391:free speech
337:in 1997 at
265:Mississippi
3343:Categories
3243:Trey Ellis
3186:Brian Ward
3130:Jim Barnes
2943:Arthur Sze
2501:bell hooks
2438:Sergei Kan
2323:Frank Chin
2084:Susan Howe
1994:May Sarton
1979:Muin Ozaki
1967:Keiho Soga
1889:Miné Okubo
1814:Judy Grahn
1809:Joy Kogawa
1705:Frank Chin
1700:E. L. Mayo
1669:Susan Howe
1634:Helen Adam
1477:August 21,
1473:. PM Press
1385:August 20,
1210:August 21,
1058:August 21,
1025:August 20,
990:August 20,
954:References
849:156584887X
410:N.D. Miss.
400:considers
307:after the
252:and was a
228:Early life
61:1942-02-06
3309:Biography
3273:Gary Gach
2973:Joe Sacco
2877:John Ross
2858:Herb Boyd
2536:Joy Harjo
2120:Cyn Zarco
2004:Ron Jones
1957:Gary Soto
1723:Judy Yung
1719:Genny Lim
1148:0362-4331
683:Surprises
484:, listed
441:Booknotes
277:sociology
246:librarian
242:Mennonite
183:Relatives
3333:Illinois
3029:Alurista
1690:Al Young
1308:June 10,
1228:Archived
1082:Archived
624:Booklist
610:de facto
520:(2019).
351:textbook
318:emeritus
172:(2005);
168:(1999);
162:(1995);
96:Maryland
92:Bethesda
73:Illinois
3321:History
3295:Portals
1407:May 25,
385:of the
373:lawsuit
198:uvm.edu
193:Website
69:Decatur
1508:C-SPAN
1453:
1360:
1333:
1256:
1146:
942:
923:
884:
865:
846:
825:
804:
783:
755:
736:
570:C-SPAN
451:C-SPAN
291:Career
178:(1971)
127:(1960)
98:, U.S.
75:, U.S.
1302:(PDF)
1295:(PDF)
353:with
279:from
118:(PhD)
3169:1999
3103:1998
3022:1997
2931:1996
2846:1995
2770:1994
2686:1993
2587:1992
2489:1991
2377:1990
2286:1989
2193:1988
2103:1987
2033:1986
1931:1985
1838:1984
1767:1983
1683:1982
1619:Alta
1612:1981
1561:1980
1479:2021
1451:ISBN
1409:2018
1387:2021
1358:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1310:2012
1254:ISBN
1212:2021
1181:2017
1155:2024
1144:ISSN
1060:2021
1027:2021
992:2021
940:ISBN
921:ISBN
908:2013
882:ISBN
863:ISBN
844:ISBN
823:ISBN
802:ISBN
781:ISBN
753:ISBN
734:ISBN
622:and
591:Jews
396:The
299:, a
81:Died
51:Born
1515:at
1506:on
701:in
681:.
534:in
325:in
3345::
3280:/
3236:/
3232:/
3208:/
2975:/
2860:/
2704:/
2695:/
2675:/
2671:/
2568:/
2478:/
2474:/
2455:/
2421:/
2275:/
2241:/
2237:/
2177:/
2110:Ai
2047:/
1977:/
1973:/
1969:/
1945:/
1905:/
1901:/
1857:/
1721:/
1717:/
1426:.
1234:.
1198:.
1171:.
1142:.
1138:.
1126:^
1102:.
1068:^
1035:^
1018:.
1000:^
983:.
961:^
899:.
732:.
657:.
589:,
568:,
449:,
404:,
375:,
357:,
341:.
224:.
94:,
71:,
3297::
1545:e
1538:t
1531:v
1481:.
1459:.
1432:.
1411:.
1389:.
1366:.
1339:.
1312:.
1262:.
1214:.
1183:.
1157:.
1106:.
1062:.
1029:.
994:.
948:.
929:.
910:.
890:.
871:.
852:.
831:.
810:.
789:.
761:.
742:.
408:(
214:.
63:)
59:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.