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491:, lolita clothing became more widely accessible with the help of the Internet. The market was quickly divided into multiple components: one which purchases mainly from Japanese or Chinese internet marketplaces, the other making use of shopping services to purchase Japanese brands, with some communities making larger orders as a group. Not every online shop delivers quality Lolita (inspired)
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318:. The reason that the character Alice was a source of inspiration for Lolita fashion is that she was an ideal icon for the Shōjo (shoujo)-image, meaning an image of eternal innocence and beauty. The first complete translation of the book was published by Maruyama Eikon in 1910, translated under the title Ai-chan No Yume Monogatari (Fantastic stories of Ai). Another figure from
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407:, who represents the Lolita style of frills-and-lace, Yu Kimura, who represents the Harajuku style, and Shizuka Fujioka, who represents the school-uniform-styled fashion. Another way that Japan tries to popularize Japanese street fashion and Lolita is by organizing the international Harajuku walk in Japan, potentially leading other countries to organize similar walks.
603:. Although both spread from Japan, they are different and should be perceived as independent from each other; one is a fashion style while the other is role-play, with clothing and accessory being used to play a character. This does not exclude that there may be some overlap between members of the groups. This can be seen at
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meetings take place at members' homes, and often have custom house rules (e.g. each member must bring their own cupcake to the meeting). Lolita meetings are thus a social aspect of the Lolita fashion community, serving as an opportunity for members to meet one another. Many
Lolitas also used to use
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and the expectations and responsibilities that are part of these roles. Wearing fashion inspired by childhood clothing is a reaction against this. This can be explained from two perspectives. Firstly, that it is a way to escape adulthood and to go back to the eternal beauty of childhood. Secondly,
539:(1955). The first Japanese translation was published in 1959. The novel is about a middle-aged man, Humbert Humbert, who grooms and abuses a twelve-year-old girl nicknamed Lolita. Because the book focused on the controversial subject of pedophilia and underage sexuality, "Lolita" soon developed a
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of the previous decade. Because of the diffusion of fashion magazines people were able to use Lolita patterns to make their own clothing. Another way to own Lolita was to buy it second-hand. The do-it-yourself behaviour can be seen more frequently by people who cannot afford the expensive brands.
512:
Many
Lolitas consider being photographed without permission to be rude and disrespectful; however, some rules differ or overlap in different parts of this community. Lolitas often host meetings in public spaces such as parks, restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, public events, and festivals. Some
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Within
Japanese culture the name refers to cuteness and elegance rather than to sexual attractiveness. Many Lolitas in Japan are not aware that Lolita is associated with Nabokov's book and they are disgusted by it when they discover such relation. The Japanese sense of "Lolita" also appears in
217:(also called the Harajuku Bridge) became known as a meeting place for youth who wore Lolita and other alternative fashion, and Lolita became more popular, causing a surge in warehouses selling Lolita fashion. Important magazines that contributed to the spread of the fashion style were the
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and others rising in popularity. These band members wore elaborate clothes that fans began to adopt. During this time Japan went through an economic depression, leading to an increase in alternative youth and fashion cultures such as gyaru, otaku, visual kei, and Lolita, as well as
141:
and maiden style looks like a less elaborated Lolita style. Before Otome-kei emerged, there was already a rise of cuteness culture in the earlier seventies; during this period there was a strong emphasis on cute and childish handwriting in
Japanese schools. As a result, the company
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Lolita Latina : an examination of Gothic and Lolita Style in the
Mexican environment : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Visual and Material Culture, College of Creative Arts, Massey University, Wellington, New
402:
has also tried to popularize Lolita fashion. The
Minister of Foreign Affairs in February 2009 assigned models to spread Japanese pop culture. These people were given the title of Kawaa Taishi (ambassadors of cuteness). The first three ambassadors of cuteness were model
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Some
Lolitas say they enjoy the dress of the subculture simply because it is fun and not as a protest against traditional Japanese society. Other motives could be that wearing the fashion style increases their self-confidence or to express an alternative identity.
379:. The book was adapted into a movie and a manga in 2004. Novala himself claims that "There are no leaders within the Lolita world." Mana is a musician and is known for popularizing the Gothic Lolita fashion. He played in the rock band
503:
shopping is also an alternative to buying new pieces as items can be bought at a lower price (albeit with varying item condition) and is the sole method of obtaining pieces that are no longer produced by their respective brand.
572:(1993), was often called the Long Island Lolita. These films reinforced the sexual association. Other racy connotations were created by Lolita Nylon advertisements (1964) and other media that used Lolita in sexual contexts.
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referring to a girl inappropriately sexualized at a very young age and associated with unacceptable sexual obsession. In Japan, however, discourse around the novel instead built on the country's romanticized girls' culture
89:' Lolita also exist. This style evolved into a widely followed subculture in Japan and other countries in the 1990s and 2000s and may have waned in Japan as of the 2010s as the fashion became more mainstream.
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in 1962, which was sexualized and did not show the disinterest that
Dolores (the character in Nabokov's novel to whom the nickname "Lolita" is given) had in sexuality. A remake was made in
109:(long or short sleeves) with a skirt or a dress, which usually comes to the knees. Lolitas frequently wear wigs in combination with other headwear such as hair bows or bonnets (similar to
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caused the popularity of
Japanese culture to rise. This is supported by the idea that cultural streams have been flowing both from Japan to the West, and from the West to Japan.
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in 2001. As the style became further popularized through the
Internet, more shops opened abroad, such as Baby, The Stars Shine Bright in Paris (2007) and in New York (2014).
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113:). Lolitas can also wear Victorian style drawers under their petticoats. For further effect, some Lolitas use knee socks, ankle socks, or tights, together with either
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such as the convention in Göteborg in which cosplay and Japanese fashion is mixed. For some Lolitas, it is insulting if people label their outfit as a costume.
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as a place to share information, leading to an increase in worldwide shopping and the opportunity for enthusiastic foreign Lolitas to purchase fashion items.
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Zank, Dinah (2010). "Kawaii vs. rorikon: The reinvention of the term Lolita in modern Japanese manga". In Berninger, M.; Ecke, J.; Haberkorn, G. (eds.).
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Kawamura, Yuniya (2012). "Individual and Institutional Networks within a Subcultural System: Efforts to Validate and Valorize New Tastes in Fashion".
190:
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495:, a notorious example being Milanoo (2014). Some web shops sell brand replicas, which is frowned upon by many in this community. A Chinese replica
3682:
Empowered Princesses: An Ethnographic Examination of the Practices, Rituals, and Conflicts within Lolita Fashion Communities in the United States
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434:, and translated mangas appeared in the West. Anime was already being imported to the West in the early nineties, and scholars also mention that
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shopping district closed for car traffic on Sundays. The result was an increase in interaction between pedestrians in Harajuku. When brands like
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Once more retail stores began selling Lolita fashion, it became less common for Lolitas to make their own clothing. Partly due to the rise of
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3605:"Transcultural Flow of Demure Aesthetics: Examining Cultural Globalisation through Gothic & Lolita Fashion, The Japan Foundation Sydney"
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Possible reasons for the popularity of Lolita fashion outside of Japan include a growing interest in Japanese culture as well as use of the
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Over time, the youth that gathered in Harajuku or at Harajuku Bridge disappeared. One possible explanation is that the introduction of
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Hey sister, can I borrow your style?: a study of the trans-cultural, trans-textual flows of the Gothic Lolita trend in Asia and beyond
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210:; partly due to the economic difficulties there was a big growth in the cuteness and youth cultures that originated in the seventies.
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consumers. The origin of Japanese cultural influence in the West can be traced back to the late nineties when cultural goods such as
242:(1997). It was around this time that interest in and awareness of Lolita fashion began entering countries outside of Japan, with the
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178:(1979) began to sell cute clothing, it resulted in the emergence of a new style that would later become known as 'Lolita'.
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behavior became popular, which led to the emergence of a new style called 'doll-kei', the predecessor of Lolita fashion.
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3577:"Returning in a Different Fashion: Culture, Communication, and Changing Representations of Lolita in Japan and the West"
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Kawamura, Yuniya (2012). "The Globalization of Japanese Subcultures and Fashion: Future Possibilities and Limitations".
186:
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387:(2002–present). Both bands—whose members are known for eccentric expressions and elaborate costumes—are a part of the
348:, pictured at a 2019 fashion show for his brand Moi-même-Moitié, is credited with helping to popularize Gothic Lolita.
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Rebels in Frills: a Literature Review on Lolita Subculture at Academia (thesis) from South Carolina Honors College
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The Fashion of Frill: The Art of Impression Management in the Atlanta Lolita and Japanese Street Fashion Community
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85:), 'Qi' and 'Wa' (based on traditional Chinese and Japanese dress), 'Punk', 'Shiro' (white), 'Kuro' (black), and '
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Gagné, Isaac (2008). "Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture".
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3365:"Performing Lolita: The Japanese Gothic and Lolita Subculture and Constructing Identity through Virtual Space"
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105:. The skirt can be either bell-shaped or A-line shaped. Components of the Lolita wardrobe consist mainly of a
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Comics as a Nexus of Cultures: Essays on the Interplay of Media, Disciplines and International Perspectives
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visual-kei-inspired clothing such as Mori, Fairy Kei, and Decora. The Lolita style spread quickly from the
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592:(anime and manga fan) culture. The concept and genre of media reflects a blend between the aesthetic of
566:, who attempted to murder the wife of her 35-year-old lover and whose crime was made into a film called
81:', 'Classic', and 'Sweet'. Many other substyles such as 'Sailor', 'Country', 'Hime' (princess), 'Guro' (
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Many of the very early Lolitas in the 1990s hand-made most of their clothing, and were inspired by the
3300:""Maiden's Armor": Global Gothic Lolita Fashion Communities and Technologies of Girly Counteridentity"
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in 1999, which specializes in Gothic Lolita. Both bands are very interested in the Roccoco period.
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The Tea Party Club's 5th Anniversary starring Juliette et Justine: Q&A (2012) at Jame World
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Cultural Globalization in People's Life Experiences: Japanese Popular Cultural Styles in Sweden
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Although the origin of the fashion is unclear, at the end of the 1970s a new movement known as
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Shoichi Aoki Interview (2003) founder of the street fashion magazine FRUiTS at ABC Australia
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3536:. Fashion in Fiction Conference, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. Archived from
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1969:
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1330:"Kawaii as Represented in Scientific Research: The Possibilities of Kawaii Cultural Studies"
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Kawamura, Yuniya (2012). "Geographically and Stylistically Defined Japanese Subcultures".
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Monden, Masafumi (2014). "Being Alice in Japan: Performing a cute, 'girlish' revolt".
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being translated into English and distributed outside of Japan through the publisher
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The main feature of Lolita fashion is the volume of the skirt, created by wearing a
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1785:"Baby, the Stars Shine Bright and Tokyo Rebel to open retail locations in New York"
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193:(1993), and other brands emerged. In the 1990s, Lolita became more accepted, with
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Fashion Subcultures in Japan. A multilayered history of street fashion in Japan
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Lolitas Of Amsterdam | Style Out There | Refinery29 (documentary) at YouTube
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373:(2002) about the relationship between Momoko, a Lolita girl, and Ichigo, a
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has been brought back as an ePublication with an English-language version.
2674:
Park, J. Joohee (2010). "Japanese Youth Subcultures Styles of the 2000s".
1573:
Kawamura, Yuniya (2006). "Japanese Teens as Producers of Street Fashion".
77:. This clothing subculture can be categorized into three main substyles: '
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period. A very distinctive property of Lolita fashion is the aesthetic of
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2549:"Resistance and Self-Expression: Fashion's Power in Times of Difference"
1165:"Japan's wild, creative Harajuku street style is dead. Long live Uniqlo"
582:(from "Lolita complex"), a term associated with Russell Trainer's novel
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and Lolita are the three most popular types of clothing among China's
19:
This article is about the Japanese fashion style. For other uses, see
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1840:"What the Closure of FRUiTS Magazine Means for Japanese Street Style"
1733:"Interview: Jenna Winterberg and Michelle Nguyen – Page 1, Aoki, Deb"
1669:"Tokyo Day 7 Part 3 – Gothic Lolita, Marui One, Marui Young Shinjuku"
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106:
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Kawamura, Yuniya (2012). "Harajuku: The Youth in Silent Rebellion".
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began experimenting with cute designs. The cuteness style, known as
3556:
The Lolita Complex: A Japanese fashion subculture and its paradoxes
3477:
The Power of Cute: Redefining Kawaii Culture As a Feminist Movement
4979:
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4071:
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De opkomst van de mangacultuur in België. Een subcultuuronderzoek.
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The Tea Party Club Presents: Revelry Q&A (2014) at Jame World
3632:"Japan as fashion: Contemporary reflections on being fashionable"
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Rahman, Osmud; Wing-Sun, Liu; Lam, Elita; Mong-Tai, Chan (2011).
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2114:
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Another common confusion is between the Lolita fashion style and
230:
3789:
Innocent World Tea Party in Vienna: Q&A (2013) at Jame World
3742:
Lolita Fashion documentaries (documentaires) playlist at YouTube
117:
or flat shoes with a bow. Other typical Lolita garments include
4782:
4112:
3978:
3824:
2956:
2954:
1871:"FRUiTS, the legendary Japanese Street Style Magazine, is back"
1488:
Down the Rabbit Hole: An Exploration of Japanese Lolita Fashion
3500:
Consuming Hello Kitty: Saccharide Cuteness in Japanese Society
3265:
Tidwell, Christy (2010). "Street and Youth Fashion in Japan".
1195:"What the Hell has Happened to Tokyo's Fashion Subcultures?"
454:, in which young people are pressured to strictly adhere to
314:, has inspired many different brands and magazines, such as
223:(2001), a spin-off of the popular Japanese fashion magazine
133:
was founded, which slightly influenced Lolita fashion since
3522:
Japanese Popular Culture in Latvia: Lolita and Mori Fashion
2197:"Association formed to pitch 'Lolita fashion' to the world"
463:
can be created that would not be acceptable in daily life.
459:
that it is an escape to a fantasy world, in which an ideal
3424:, Lora-Elly Vannieuwenhuysen, p. 48, KU Leuven, 2014–2015.
800:
Elegant Gothic Aristocrat (left) and Gothic Lolita (right)
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Ouji (a similar fashion with a more masculine appearance)
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caused a reduction in the consumption of street fashion.
181:
The term 'Lolita' first appeared in the fashion magazine
3466:
Ethnographic Comparison of a Niche Fashion Group, Lolita
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1073:
1071:
764:
Wa-Lolita with characteristics of Guro Lolita (eyepatch)
529:
Lolita fashion emerged decades after the publication of
2861:
Sugar Coated – A short documentary about Lolita Fashion
1697:. The Bold Italic Editors. 8 April 2010. Archived from
648:
Shiro/White Lolita (left) and Kuro/Black Lolita (right)
450:
Lolita is seen as a reaction against stifling Japanese
391:
movement. Mana founded his own fashion label, known as
352:
People who have popularized the Lolita fashion include
332:(Lady Oscar), based on her court, was created in 1979.
2173:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Archived from
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906:
904:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
2765:""Lolita": Imaginative Self and Elusive Consumption"
2233:"Cute and Cool in Contemporary Japanese Visual Arts"
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3562:(MPhil Thesis). Auckland University of Technology.
2500:
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1929:
935:
933:
931:
2301:"The Kawaii Ambassadors (Ambassadors of Cuteness)"
1429:
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1323:
1321:
1114:
1112:
499:that is famous for his replica design is Oo Jia.
185:in the September 1987 issue. Shortly after that,
1814:"Fashion Magazine KERA to End Print Publication"
517:to communicate, but many have since switched to
152:, became popular in the 1980s. After Otome-kei,
3693:Lolita: Atemporal Class-Play With tea and cakes
2579:"Fashion As Resistance: The Everyday Rebellion"
2226:
2224:
2222:
50:
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2157:
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1358:
1334:Hemispheres, Studies on Cultures and Societies
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1134:The Outrageous Street-Style Tribes of Harajuku
44:
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1816:. Arama! Japan. 30 March 2017. Archived from
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383:(1992–2001) and founded the heavy metal band
8:
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2676:International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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586:(1966, translated 1969) and associated with
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322:that served as a source of inspiration was
281:was put on hiatus in 2017. As of May 2023,
159:Between 1977 and 1998, a large part of the
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4117:
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3480:(Thesis). Carthage College. Archived from
2519:"Tokyo's Lolita scene all about escapismn"
2371:"Lolita Fashion: A transglobal subculture"
2369:Kang, Z. Young; Cassidy, T. Diane (2015).
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1787:. Arama! Japan. July 2014. Archived from
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1103:
910:
304:has influenced Lolita fashion. The book
3714:"Lolita: Dreaming, Despairing, Defying"
3663:(Thesis). City University of Hong Kong.
3338:
2801:
2736:
2504:
2421:(in Chinese (China)). 12 November 2021.
2237:The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies
2145:
2057:
2021:
2009:
1947:
1935:
1908:
1808:
1806:
1719:
1460:
1394:
1370:
1312:
1079:
951:
939:
877:
614:
35:, a shop specializing in lolita fashion
16:Fashion subculture originating in Japan
3718:Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs
3581:International Journal of Communication
3469:(Thesis). Florida Atlantic University.
3445:
3433:
3409:
3350:
3240:
3202:
3160:
3104:
3092:
3068:
3044:
3032:
3020:
2984:
2960:
2921:
2897:
2885:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2490:
2466:
2443:
2431:
2349:
2325:
2081:
2069:
2045:
2033:
1997:
1887:
1759:"Gothic & Lolita Bible in English"
1557:
1300:
1118:
1091:
978:"Lolita: dreaming, despairing,defying"
963:
922:
896:
254:publishing an English picture book of
2846:
2589:from the original on 30 November 2020
2559:from the original on 25 December 2019
1012:
7:
3553:Hardy Bernal, Kathryn Adele (2011).
2375:Fashion, Style & Popular Culture
2171:"Press Conference, 26 February 2009"
1675:from the original on 22 October 2016
994:from the original on 1 November 2020
5076:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement
3701:Valdimarsdótti, I. Guðlaug (2015).
3685:(Thesis). Georgia State University.
3514:(Thesis). Georgia State University.
3369:Journal of Asia-Pacific Pop Culture
2393:from the original on 19 August 2016
1869:Garcia-Furtado, Laia (8 May 2023).
1618:10.2752/9781474235327/KAWAMURA0006a
1340:from the original on 12 August 2017
2824:10.2752/9781474235327/KAWAMURA0012
2277:10.2752/9781474235327/KAWAMURA0015
1761:. Japanese Streets. Archived from
1643:Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
1052:10.2752/9781474235327/KAWAMURA0008
14:
3731:Further reading and documentaries
3696:(Thesis). University of Tasmania.
3530:Hardy Bernal, Kathryn A. (2007).
3389:10.5325/jasiapacipopcult.1.1.0079
3381:10.5325/jasiapacipopcult.1.1.0079
3269:. Vol. 6. pp. 398–403.
3222:from the original on 10 July 2016
2868:from the original on 8 March 2021
2303:. Trends in Japan. Archived from
1850:from the original on 13 June 2018
1271:Hardy Bernal, Kathryn A. (2019).
1205:from the original on 13 June 2018
1142:from the original on 18 June 2018
3707:(Thesis). University of Iceland.
3674:(Thesis). Masarykova Univerzita.
2781:10.2752/175174111X12858453158066
2610:"Let's talk 100 percent kawaii!"
2517:Talmadge, Eric (7 August 2008).
1655:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x
1490:(Thesis). University of Ottawa.
1282:from the original on 17 May 2021
825:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
669:
653:
641:
629:
617:
3747:List of Lolita brands at Tumblr
3598:(Thesis). Stockholm University.
3525:(Thesis). University of Latvia.
3298:Carriger, Michelle Liu (2019).
2816:Fashioning Japanese Subcultures
2269:Fashioning Japanese Subcultures
1610:Fashioning Japanese Subcultures
1044:Fashioning Japanese Subcultures
3363:Hardy Bernal, Kathryn (2016).
2608:Thomas, Samuel (2 July 2013).
1520:. Metamorphose. Archived from
596:and sexual themes in fiction.
1:
5345:Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael
5102:Le Phonographique (1979–2005)
3533:Kamikaze Girls and Loli-Goths
3216:"Lolita Nylon Advertisements"
3180:. 25 May 2017. Archived from
2203:. 31 May 2013. Archived from
1735:. Manga About. Archived from
1278:(Thesis). Massey University.
277:ceased publication while the
69:clothing and styles from the
65:that is highly influenced by
4648:List of gothic fiction works
3871:Baby, The Stars Shine Bright
3503:(Thesis). Wellesley College.
1974:10.1080/09555803.2014.900511
716:Country Lolita (Nana Kitade)
187:Baby, The Stars Shine Bright
5163:Convergence (goth festival)
4929:List of gothic rock artists
4328:Gothic revival architecture
3876:Metamorphose temps de fille
3690:Staite, S. Abigail (2012).
3671:Lolita: A Cultural Analysis
3474:Christopherson, M. (2014).
832:Others Chinese style Lolita
206:region and finally reached
191:Metamorphose temps de fille
121:(JSK) and one-pieces (OP).
51:
5422:
5350:Murder of Sophie Lancaster
3657:Peirson-Smith, A. (2015).
3508:Gatlin, Chancy J. (2014).
2688:10.7233/ijcf.2010.10.1.001
2413:"JK汉服Lolita，"三坑少女"这个冬天有点冷"
1894:: CS1 maint: url-status (
213:In the late nineties, the
18:
4975:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira
4889:Siouxsie and the Banshees
3943:Gothic & Lolita Bible
3805:, 14 August 2017 version)
3795:, 14 August 2017 version)
3785:, 14 August 2017 version)
3775:, 14 August 2017 version)
3753:, 14 August 2017 version)
3636:Acta Orientalia Vilnensia
3603:Monden, Masafumi (2008).
3575:Hinton, Perry R. (2013).
3317:10.1017/S0040557418000522
279:Gothic & Lolita Bible
244:Gothic & Lolita Bible
220:Gothic & Lolita Bible
174:(1973), Milk (1970), and
45:
5178:List of gothic festivals
5168:Bats Day in the Fun Park
4643:List of gothic festivals
4333:Carpenter / Rural Gothic
3816:Lolita library of brands
3649:10.15388/AOV.2011.0.1095
2250:10.22439/cjas.v29i1.4020
1587:10.1177/0011392106066816
820:inspired Lolita fashion)
4420:Southern Ontario Gothic
3138:McFarland & Company
1486:Atkinson, Leia (2015).
508:Sociocultural dimension
471:Socioeconomic dimension
256:Japanese Street Fashion
21:Lolita (disambiguation)
5153:Lumous Gothic Festival
4924:Fields of the Nephilim
3668:Plevíková, I. (2017).
3275:10.2752/BEWDF/EDch6063
2387:10.1386/fspc.2.3.371_1
2231:Borggreen, G. (2013).
349:
329:The Rose of Versailles
298:
289:Sources of inspiration
36:
4633:Horror-of-personality
4348:High Victorian Gothic
3801:(archived version at
3791:(archived version at
3781:(archived version at
3771:(archived version at
3749:(archived version at
3679:Robinson, K. (2014).
364:. Takemoto wrote the
343:
297:Handmade Lolita dress
296:
31:
5406:Japanese subcultures
5386:21st-century fashion
4899:The Sisters of Mercy
4588:German Expressionism
4005:Japanese subcultures
3712:Younker, T. (2011).
3630:Onohara, N. (2011).
3519:Haijima, A. (2013).
3497:Coombes, K. (2016).
3205:, pp. 1586–1587
3163:, pp. 1584–1585
3140:. pp. 211–222.
2864:, 9 September 2013,
2585:. 16 February 2017.
2271:. pp. 126–135.
1524:on 23 September 2004
1518:"About Metamorphose"
569:The Amy Fisher Story
541:negative connotation
5260:Film and literature
5158:Whitby Goth Weekend
5143:M'era Luna Festival
5117:Death Guild (1993–)
5107:Batcave (1982–1985)
5090:Notable club nights
4658:Lovecraftian horror
4480:Gothic romance film
4368:By specific country
4162:Gothic Christianity
3762:4 July 2019 at the
3592:Mikami, K. (2011).
3057:Christopherson 2014
2818:. pp. 99–114.
2739:, pp. 100, 106
2338:Valdimarsdótti 2015
2158:Valdimarsdótti 2015
1846:. 6 February 2017.
1449:Christopherson 2014
1419:Valdimarsdótti 2015
1383:Valdimarsdótti 2015
1359:Christopherson 2014
1229:Valdimarsdótti 2015
1201:. 4 December 2015.
985:New York University
310:(1865), written by
307:Alice in Wonderland
5391:Fashion aesthetics
5309:The Goodbye Family
5148:Drop Dead Festival
5138:Wave-Gotik-Treffen
5112:Slimelight (1987–)
5097:F Club (1977–1982)
5045:Wednesday Mourning
4748:Universal monsters
4728:Romanesque revival
4723:Paranormal romance
4683:Monster literature
4502:Gothic belly dance
4444:Modern subculture,
4086:Cultural phenomena
3463:Berry, B. (2017).
3456:General references
3253:Peirson-Smith 2015
3023:, pp. 103–104
2987:, pp. 104–107
2749:Peirson-Smith 2015
1612:. pp. 43–50.
1496:10.20381/ruor-4249
1409:, pp. 119–121
1046:. pp. 65–75.
584:The Lolita Complex
562:. The 17-year-old
477:Dolly Kei movement
398:The government of
350:
299:
37:
5368:
5367:
5360:Vampirefreaks.com
5288:The Addams Family
5010:Patricia Morrison
4776:
4775:
4758:Victorian fashion
4628:Horror-of-demonic
4623:Horror and Terror
4453:Gothic subculture
4396:Modern literature
4358:Scottish baronial
4343:Dissenting Gothic
4338:Collegiate Gothic
4290:Boxwood miniature
4106:
4105:
3972:
3971:
3622:10.21159/nv.02.02
3540:on 11 August 2017
3484:on 11 August 2017
3147:978-0-7864-3987-4
3136:. Jefferson, NC:
2997:Hardy Bernal 2011
2662:Hardy Bernal 2011
2650:Hardy Bernal 2011
2553:notjustalabel.com
2529:on 11 August 2017
2481:, pp. 75–118
2479:Hardy Bernal 2011
2307:on 11 August 2017
2207:on 11 August 2017
2177:on 12 August 2017
2134:Hardy Bernal 2011
2123:Hardy Bernal 2007
2106:Hardy Bernal 2007
2094:Hardy Bernal 2007
1921:Hardy Bernal 2011
1911:, pp. 33, 37
1575:Current Sociology
1560:, pp. 37, 61
1543:Hardy Bernal 2011
1434:Hardy Bernal 2011
1407:Hardy Bernal 2011
1328:Koma, K. (2013).
1241:Hardy Bernal 2011
976:Younker, Terasa.
885:Hardy Bernal 2011
752:Old-School Lolita
605:anime conventions
5413:
5401:Japanese fashion
5340:Gother Than Thou
5020:Elizabeth Fraser
4819:Associated music
4812:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4780:
4708:Occult detective
4638:Industrial music
4435:Tasmanian Gothic
4313:Dark Romanticism
4133:
4126:
4119:
4110:
4028:Fujoshi/fudanshi
3999:
3992:
3985:
3976:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3822:
3725:
3708:
3697:
3686:
3675:
3664:
3653:
3651:
3626:
3624:
3599:
3588:
3571:
3561:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3526:
3515:
3504:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3470:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3184:on 6 August 2017
3178:The Paris Review
3174:"Lolita Fashion"
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3129:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3047:, pp. 70–72
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2900:, pp. 62–63
2895:
2889:
2888:, pp. 81–86
2883:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2760:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2703:, pp. 10–12
2698:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:on 6 August 2017
2616:. Archived from
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2525:. Archived from
2514:
2508:
2502:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2469:, pp. 46–55
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2366:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2136:, pp. 72–73
2131:
2125:
2120:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1820:on 8 August 2017
1810:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:on 8 August 2017
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1765:on 8 August 2017
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1739:on 30 March 2008
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1701:on 8 August 2017
1695:"Pretty in Pink"
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1483:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1325:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1175:on 8 August 2017
1171:. Archived from
1161:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1066:
1065:
1039:
1016:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
993:
982:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
926:
920:
914:
908:
899:
894:
888:
882:
829:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
673:
657:
645:
633:
621:
554:was made into a
531:Vladimir Nabokov
324:Marie Antoinette
302:European culture
234:
173:
56:
54:
48:
47:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5328:
5282:Edgar Allan Poe
5255:
5187:Art and fashion
5182:
5126:
5122:Xmortis (2004–)
5085:
5054:Regional scenes
5049:
4990:Monica Richards
4965:Andrew Eldritch
4938:Notable figures
4933:
4909:Alien Sex Fiend
4879:Christian Death
4862:
4814:
4811:Goth subculture
4810:
4807:
4777:
4772:
4753:Vampire fiction
4688:Mystery fiction
4603:Gothic Satanism
4531:
4445:
4439:
4430:Suburban Gothic
4415:Southern Gothic
4397:
4391:
4308:American Gothic
4296:
4176:
4167:Gothic language
4157:Gothic alphabet
4140:
4137:
4107:
4102:
4081:
4006:
4003:
3973:
3968:
3947:
3931:
3922:Novala Takemoto
3880:
3854:
3849:
3812:
3764:Wayback Machine
3733:
3728:
3711:
3700:
3689:
3678:
3667:
3656:
3629:
3602:
3591:
3574:
3559:
3552:
3543:
3541:
3529:
3518:
3507:
3496:
3487:
3485:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3436:, pp. 5–12
3432:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2614:The Japan Times
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2523:The Japan Times
2516:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2230:
2229:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2201:The Japan Times
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1989:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1838:
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1833:
1823:
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1812:
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1804:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1757:
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1752:
1742:
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1731:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1714:
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1702:
1693:
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1676:
1667:
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1607:
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1572:
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1511:
1485:
1484:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1336:(28): 103–117.
1327:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1069:
1062:
1041:
1040:
1019:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
991:
980:
975:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
929:
921:
917:
909:
902:
895:
891:
883:
879:
874:
869:
861:Novala Takemoto
840:
833:
830:
821:
810:
801:
798:
789:
786:
777:
774:
765:
762:
753:
750:
741:
738:
729:
726:
717:
714:
705:
702:
693:
690:
681:
674:
665:
658:
649:
646:
637:
634:
625:
622:
613:
527:
510:
473:
448:
393:Moi-même-Moitié
362:Novala Takemoto
338:
291:
265:from retailers
228:
167:
127:
95:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5419:
5417:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5396:Gothic fashion
5393:
5388:
5383:
5381:Lolita fashion
5373:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5295:Triana Orpheus
5291:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5173:World Goth Day
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5131:Notable events
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:Siouxsie Sioux
4952:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4914:Dead Can Dance
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4836:Gothic country
4833:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4653:Lolita fashion
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4618:Horror fiction
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4517:Gothic Western
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4470:Gothic fashion
4467:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4449:
4447:
4446:music and film
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:New Gothic Art
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4323:Gothic fiction
4320:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:Crimean Gothic
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3866:Angelic Pretty
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3852:Lolita fashion
3850:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3810:External links
3808:
3807:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3754:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3709:
3698:
3687:
3676:
3665:
3654:
3627:
3600:
3589:
3572:
3550:
3527:
3516:
3505:
3494:
3471:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3438:
3426:
3414:
3402:
3355:
3353:, p. 1593
3343:
3331:
3304:Theatre Survey
3290:
3283:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3207:
3195:
3165:
3153:
3146:
3121:
3109:
3107:, p. 1585
3097:
3085:
3073:
3071:, p. 1584
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2950:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2851:
2839:
2832:
2806:
2794:
2769:Fashion Theory
2752:
2741:
2729:
2727:, p. 1598
2717:
2705:
2693:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2631:
2600:
2570:
2540:
2509:
2494:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2455:Plevíková 2017
2447:
2436:
2424:
2404:
2381:(3): 371–384.
2354:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2292:
2285:
2256:
2218:
2188:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
2000:, p. 1589
1987:
1968:(2): 265–285.
1952:
1940:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1861:
1831:
1802:
1776:
1750:
1724:
1712:
1686:
1660:
1633:
1626:
1600:
1581:(5): 784–801.
1562:
1547:
1535:
1509:
1465:
1453:
1438:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1260:
1245:
1233:
1216:
1186:
1153:
1123:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1017:
1005:
968:
956:
944:
927:
915:
900:
889:
876:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
845:Kamikaze Girls
839:
836:
835:
834:
831:
824:
822:
811:
804:
802:
799:
792:
790:
787:
780:
778:
775:
768:
766:
763:
756:
754:
751:
744:
742:
739:
732:
730:
727:
720:
718:
715:
708:
706:
703:
696:
694:
691:
684:
682:
676:Sweet Lolita (
675:
668:
666:
660:Sweet Lolita (
659:
652:
650:
647:
640:
638:
636:Classic Lolita
635:
628:
626:
623:
616:
612:
609:
526:
523:
509:
506:
472:
469:
447:
444:
370:Kamikaze Girls
337:
336:Popularization
334:
290:
287:
183:Ryukou Tsushin
176:Angelic Pretty
154:Do-It-Yourself
126:
123:
94:
91:
52:rorīta fasshon
40:Lolita fashion
33:Angelic Pretty
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5418:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5251:Winklepickers
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5221:Gothic Beauty
5219:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5040:Bethany Black
5038:
5036:
5035:Brendan Perry
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:Gitane DeMone
5003:
5001:
5000:Rozz Williams
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Cocteau Twins
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:Notable bands
4865:
4859:
4858:Ethereal wave
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4804:
4799:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:Weird fiction
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:Neo-Victorian
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Mal du siècle
4666:
4664:
4663:Magic realism
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4553:Danse Macabre
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Raygun Gothic
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Neo-Manueline
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:Late medieval
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4000:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3965:
3964:Neo-Victorian
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3927:Sumire Uesaka
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3495:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3375:(1): 79–102.
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3284:9781847888556
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3234:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:Robinson 2014
3113:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3081:Robinson 2014
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3009:Robinson 2014
3005:
3002:
2999:, p. 221
2998:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2973:Robinson 2014
2969:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2946:Robinson 2014
2942:
2939:
2935:
2934:Robinson 2014
2930:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:Robinson 2014
2906:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2833:9781474235327
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2652:, p. 185
2651:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:Robinson 2014
2635:
2632:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2510:
2507:, p. 100
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2457:, p. 106
2456:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2286:9781474235327
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2024:, p. 103
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1938:, p. 106
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:, p. 199
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1627:9781474235327
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1545:, p. 168
1544:
1539:
1536:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1436:, p. 119
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:Robinson 2014
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:Robinson 2014
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:9781474235327
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
990:
986:
979:
972:
969:
965:
960:
957:
953:
948:
945:
941:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
911:Robinson 2014
907:
905:
901:
898:
893:
890:
886:
881:
878:
871:
866:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:
842:
841:
837:
828:
823:
819:
815:
808:
803:
796:
791:
788:Gothic Lolita
784:
779:
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
728:Pirate Lolita
724:
719:
712:
707:
700:
695:
688:
683:
679:
672:
667:
663:
656:
651:
644:
639:
632:
627:
620:
615:
610:
608:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
580:
573:
571:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
547:
542:
538:
537:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
507:
505:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:globalization
486:
481:
478:
470:
468:
464:
462:
457:
453:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:
372:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:Yukari Tamura
347:
342:
335:
333:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Lewis Carroll
309:
308:
303:
295:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
235:
232:
227:
222:
221:
216:
211:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
171:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
150:
145:
140:
136:
132:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
92:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
53:
41:
34:
30:
26:
22:
5321:
5316:The Munsters
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5231:Edward Gorey
5030:Lisa Gerrard
4985:Dinah Cancer
4950:Peter Murphy
4945:Robert Smith
4894:Joy Division
4768:Weird menace
4698:New Romantic
4678:Memento Mori
4652:
4613:Grotesquerie
4583:Frankenstein
4563:Dark fantasy
4558:Dark culture
4492:Gothic metal
4425:Space Gothic
4387:Urban Gothic
4188:Architecture
4061:
3851:
3724:(1): 97–110.
3721:
3717:
3703:
3692:
3681:
3670:
3659:
3642:(1): 29–41.
3639:
3635:
3612:
3608:
3594:
3587:: 1582–1602.
3584:
3580:
3555:
3542:. Retrieved
3538:the original
3532:
3521:
3510:
3499:
3486:. Retrieved
3482:the original
3476:
3465:
3448:, p. 30
3441:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3405:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3346:
3341:, p. 33
3339:Coombes 2016
3334:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3266:
3260:
3255:, p. 10
3248:
3243:, p. 34
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3210:
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3182:the original
3177:
3168:
3156:
3133:
3119:, p. 30
3112:
3100:
3095:, p. 67
3088:
3083:, p. 28
3076:
3064:
3059:, p. 23
3052:
3040:
3035:, p. 68
3028:
3016:
3011:, p. 57
3004:
2992:
2980:
2975:, p. 85
2968:
2963:, p. 93
2948:, p. 61
2941:
2936:, p. 38
2929:
2924:, p. 69
2917:
2912:, p. 47
2905:
2893:
2881:
2870:, retrieved
2860:
2854:
2849:, p. 55
2842:
2815:
2809:
2804:, p. 40
2802:Haijima 2013
2797:
2772:
2768:
2744:
2737:Younker 2011
2732:
2720:
2715:, p. 64
2708:
2696:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2664:, p. 51
2657:
2645:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2618:the original
2613:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2582:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:the original
2522:
2512:
2505:Younker 2011
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2439:
2434:, p. 34
2427:
2416:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2378:
2374:
2352:, p. 46
2345:
2340:, p. 32
2333:
2328:, p. 66
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:the original
2295:
2268:
2243:(1): 39–60.
2240:
2236:
2209:. Retrieved
2205:the original
2200:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2165:
2160:, p. 22
2153:
2148:, p. 39
2146:Coombes 2016
2141:
2129:
2101:
2089:
2084:, p. 25
2077:
2072:, p. 53
2065:
2060:, p. 31
2058:Coombes 2016
2053:
2048:, p. 29
2041:
2036:, p. 51
2029:
2022:Younker 2011
2017:
2012:, p. 45
2010:Coombes 2016
2005:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1948:Coombes 2016
1943:
1936:Younker 2011
1916:
1909:Coombes 2016
1904:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1843:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1818:the original
1793:. Retrieved
1789:the original
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:the original
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1737:the original
1727:
1722:, p. 33
1720:Onohara 2011
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1663:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1609:
1603:
1578:
1574:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1512:
1487:
1463:, p. 35
1461:Coombes 2016
1456:
1451:, p. 24
1421:, p. 13
1414:
1402:
1397:, p. 35
1395:Onohara 2011
1390:
1385:, p. 29
1378:
1373:, p. 29
1371:Coombes 2016
1366:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1315:, p. 28
1313:Coombes 2016
1308:
1303:, p. 79
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1273:
1258:, p. 39
1243:, p. 23
1236:
1231:, p. 21
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:the original
1168:
1144:. Retrieved
1133:
1126:
1121:, p. 30
1106:, p. 53
1099:
1094:, p. 75
1087:
1082:, p. 33
1080:Haijima 2013
1043:
1008:
998:30 September
996:. Retrieved
984:
971:
966:, p. 29
959:
954:, p. 36
952:Coombes 2016
947:
942:, p. 32
940:Haijima 2013
925:, p. 16
918:
892:
887:, p. 20
880:
843:
704:Sweet Lolita
692:Sweet Lolita
598:
593:
587:
583:
577:
574:
567:
551:
550:
545:
534:
528:
511:
497:manufacturer
482:
474:
465:
456:gender roles
449:
409:
397:
385:Moi dix Mois
381:Malice Mizer
374:
368:
351:
327:
326:; the manga
315:
305:
300:
282:
278:
274:
263:fast fashion
260:
251:
243:
237:
236:(1998), and
224:
218:
212:
199:Malice Mizer
182:
180:
158:
149:kawaii style
147:
138:
134:
130:
128:
119:jumperskirts
111:poke bonnets
96:
39:
38:
25:
5323:The Sandman
5246:Backcombing
5226:Rose Mortem
5216:Lip Service
5209:Health Goth
5061:Camden Town
4995:Lisa Hammer
4826:Gothic rock
4733:Romanticism
4673:Medievalism
4578:Fantastique
4543:Black metal
4522:Horror punk
4512:Gothic punk
4487:Gothic rock
4475:Gothic film
4463:Health Goth
4301:Romanticism
4258:Sondergotik
4011:Subcultures
3917:Sumire Satō
3912:RinRin Doll
3902:Nana Kitade
3897:Misako Aoki
3544:11 February
3488:10 February
3446:Gatlin 2014
3434:Mikami 2011
3412:, p. 2
3410:Staite 2012
3351:Hinton 2013
3310:: 122–146.
3241:Monden 2008
3203:Hinton 2013
3161:Hinton 2013
3105:Hinton 2013
3093:Gatlin 2014
3069:Hinton 2013
3045:Gatlin 2014
3033:Gatlin 2014
3021:Gatlin 2014
2985:Gatlin 2014
2961:Gatlin 2014
2922:Staite 2012
2898:Mikami 2011
2886:Staite 2012
2725:Hinton 2013
2713:Mikami 2011
2701:Staite 2012
2682:(1): 1–13.
2491:Hinton 2013
2467:Mikami 2011
2444:Mikami 2011
2432:Mikami 2011
2397:11 February
2350:Mikami 2011
2326:Gatlin 2014
2108:, p. 3
2082:Monden 2008
2070:Staite 2012
2046:Gatlin 2014
2034:Staite 2012
1998:Hinton 2013
1962:Japan Forum
1950:, p. 7
1743:11 February
1649:: 130–150.
1558:Gatlin 2014
1528:25 February
1504:10393/32560
1361:, p. 5
1344:10 February
1301:Gatlin 2014
1119:Monden 2008
1092:Staite 2012
1015:, p. 9
964:Monden 2008
923:Gatlin 2014
913:, p. 9
897:Monden 2008
812:Qi Lolita (
740:Punk Lolita
678:Misako Aoki
662:Nana Kitade
624:Hime Lolita
546:shōjo bunka
525:Terminology
515:Livejournal
501:Second-hand
428:Hello Kitty
416:JK uniforms
405:Misako Aoki
366:light novel
229: [
215:Jingu Bashi
197:bands like
168: [
93:Description
46:ロリータ・ファッション
5375:Categories
5277:Tim Burton
5272:Literature
5025:Doc Hammer
5015:Carl McCoy
4960:Ian Curtis
4904:The Damned
4831:Gothabilly
4497:Gothabilly
4363:Troubadour
4248:Portuguese
4228:Isabelline
4218:Flamboyant
4198:Brabantine
4193:Belarusian
4098:Visual kei
4093:Gyaru-moji
4038:Genderless
3959:Aristocrat
3609:New Voices
3568:10292/2448
2847:Berry 2017
1013:Berry 2017
867:References
564:Amy Fisher
485:e-commerce
389:visual kei
316:Alice Deco
271:Forever 21
195:visual kei
165:Pink House
115:high heels
59:subculture
5355:Post-punk
5241:Deathhawk
5204:Cybergoth
5071:Cleveland
4970:Nick Cave
4853:Dark wave
4848:Cold wave
4843:Deathrock
4738:Steampunk
4713:Occultism
4608:Grotesque
4568:Deathrock
4548:Cosmicism
4527:Post-punk
4507:Dark wave
4458:Cybergoth
4318:Gothicism
4285:Sculpture
4253:Rayonnant
4238:Manueline
3936:Magazines
3859:Companies
3615:: 21–40.
3397:194483476
3326:166076744
3267:East Asia
2789:145769507
2533:11 August
2418:The Paper
2311:11 August
2211:11 August
2181:12 August
1982:143270185
1890:cite news
1595:144670266
872:Citations
818:Cheongsam
533:'s novel
344:Musician
131:Otome-kei
103:crinoline
99:petticoat
87:Steampunk
83:grotesque
67:Victorian
5333:See also
5302:The Crow
5236:Big hair
4874:The Cure
4743:Ubi sunt
4536:See also
4268:Venetian
4067:Omorashi
4018:Bōsōzoku
3907:H. Naoto
3760:Archived
3226:6 August
3220:Archived
3188:6 August
2866:archived
2775:: 7–27.
2624:6 August
2587:Archived
2583:HuffPost
2557:Archived
2391:Archived
1848:Archived
1824:8 August
1795:8 August
1769:8 August
1705:9 August
1679:8 August
1673:Archived
1338:Archived
1280:Archived
1203:Archived
1179:8 August
1140:Archived
989:Archived
838:See also
521:groups.
519:Facebook
493:products
461:identity
412:Internet
248:Tokyopop
189:(1988),
161:Harajuku
75:cuteness
5199:Fashion
5081:Toronto
5066:Chicago
4884:Bauhaus
4718:Ossuary
4573:Dracula
4398:and art
4263:Spanish
4233:Italian
4213:English
4145:Ancient
4077:Sukeban
4033:Ganguro
4023:Cosplay
3952:Related
3803:archive
3793:archive
3783:archive
3773:archive
3751:archive
1854:13 June
1275:Zealand
1209:13 June
1146:13 June
1138:. BBC.
814:Chinese
611:Gallery
601:cosplay
579:lolicon
452:society
446:Motives
432:Pokémon
267:H&M
125:History
4703:Occult
4593:Giallo
4378:Poland
4373:Canada
4280:Script
4243:Polish
4223:French
4139:Gothic
4062:Lolita
4052:Kawaii
4047:gyaruo
3885:People
3395:
3387:
3324:
3281:
3144:
2830:
2787:
2283:
1980:
1880:18 May
1624:
1593:
1286:18 May
1169:Quartz
1058:
987:: 97.
594:kawaii
552:Lolita
536:Lolita
360:, and
320:Rococo
283:FRUiTS
275:FRUiTS
252:FRUiTS
250:, and
239:FRUiTS
204:Kansai
144:Sanrio
139:maiden
137:means
107:blouse
79:Gothic
71:Rococo
4980:Eva O
4598:Gloom
4208:Czech
4203:Brick
4172:Goths
4072:Otaku
4057:Kogal
4043:Gyaru
3560:(PDF)
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