1162:
1741:
945:
969:
933:
957:
115:
that causes one of the generators to disconnect from the grid. As voltage dips are often caused by too little generation for the load in a distribution grid, removing generation can cause the voltage to drop further. This may bring the voltage down enough to cause another generator to trip, lower the
86:
to generate this field instead. Such devices may have a minimum working voltage, below which the device does not work correctly, or does so at greatly reduced efficiency. Some will disconnect themselves from the circuit when these conditions apply. The effect is more pronounced in
169:
For wind turbines, the FRT testing is described in the standard IEC 61400-21 (2nd edition August 2008). More detailed testing procedures are stated in the German guideline FGW TR3 (Rev. 22). Testing of devices with less than 16 Amp rated current is described in the EMC standard
128:
Modern large-scale wind turbines, typically 1 MW and larger, are normally required to include systems that allow them to operate through such an event, and thereby “ride through” the voltage dip. Similar requirements are now becoming common on large
70:, etc.) to prevent a short circuit at HV or EHV level from causing a widespread loss of generation. Similar requirements for critical loads such as computer systems and industrial processes are often handled through the use of an
404:
308:
Harandi, Mahdi Jafari; Ghaseminejad Liasi, Sahand; Nikravesh, Esmail; Bina, Mohammad
Tavakoli (2019-06-18). "An Improved Control Strategy for DFIG Low Voltage Ride-Through Using Optimal Demagnetizing method".
274:
Liasi, Sahand
Ghaseminejad; Afshar, Zakaria; Harandi, Mahdi Jafari; Kojori, Shokrollah Shokri (2018-12-18). "An Improved Control Strategy for DVR in order to Achieve both LVRT and HVRT in DFIG Wind Turbine".
160:
A variety of standards exist and generally vary across jurisdictions. Examples of the such grid codes are the German BDEW grid code and its supplements 2, 3, and 4 as well as the
National Grid Code in UK.
133:
installations that likewise might cause instability in the event of a widespread disconnection of generating units. Depending on the application the device may, during and after the dip, be required to:
423:
829:
373:
82:
Many generator designs use electric current flowing through windings to produce the magnetic field on which the motor or generator operates. This is in contrast to designs that use
241:
Mahrouch, Assia; Ouassaid, Mohammed; Elyaalaoui, Kamal (2019-06-18). "LVRT Control for Wind Farm Based on
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Connected into the Grid".
214:
Guo, Wenyong; Xiao, Liye; Dai, Shaotao; Xu, Xi; Li, Yuanhe; Wang, Yifei (2019-06-18). "Evaluation of the
Performance of BTFCLs for Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG".
401:
1013:
420:
389:
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171:
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742:
355:
326:
292:
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370:
1744:
525:
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762:
747:
1311:
1474:
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580:
1646:
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1444:
1344:
999:
839:
1499:
1459:
1036:
690:
71:
1726:
1721:
1439:
1414:
1404:
1380:
1375:
1081:
871:
849:
622:
107:
In a grid containing many distributed generators subject to disconnection at under voltage, it is possible to cause a
88:
48:
190:
1641:
1359:
1329:
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695:
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201:
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1076:
916:
518:
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670:
439:
961:
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1434:
1429:
1409:
705:
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617:
560:
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458:
96:
1260:
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752:
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550:
347:
1631:
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1292:
1101:
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1056:
949:
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859:
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612:
570:
511:
99:
may slip and become unstable, if the voltage of the stator winding goes below a certain threshold.
92:
968:
1505:
1116:
685:
1656:
1536:
1141:
937:
592:
351:
322:
288:
254:
117:
20:
311:
2019 10th
International Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC)
1605:
1546:
1250:
1245:
1222:
1131:
1071:
781:
314:
280:
246:
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83:
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891:
886:
844:
446:
427:
408:
377:
141:
disconnect temporarily from the grid, but reconnect and continue operation after the dip
47:), is the capability of electric generators to stay connected in short periods of lower
1661:
1651:
1449:
1061:
866:
854:
803:
204:
CBEMA Curve – The Power
Acceptability Curve for Computer Business Equipment, 2011-04-03
148:
108:
277:
2018 International
Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE)
1759:
1681:
1469:
1354:
1334:
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1212:
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1051:
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834:
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63:
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876:
637:
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67:
59:
1526:
1494:
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1111:
1041:
717:
498:
318:
202:
http://www.powerqualityworld.com/2011/04/cbema-curve-power-quality-standard.html
130:
55:
284:
250:
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1136:
881:
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542:
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227:
112:
111:
that takes other generators offline as well. This can occur in the event of a
151:(defined as the reactive current of the positive sequence of the fundamental)
1205:
1200:
1086:
1046:
722:
604:
932:
470:
1319:
788:
587:
1240:
1230:
991:
798:
775:
770:
51:
471:"IEC 61000-4-34:2005 - electromagnetic compatibility, EMC, smart city"
243:
2017 International
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)
1235:
813:
808:
793:
680:
74:(UPS) or capacitor bank to supply make-up power during these events.
138:
disconnect and stay disconnected until manually ordered to reconnect
91:(DFIG), which have two sets of powered magnetic windings, than in
344:
Instantaneous power theory and applications to power conditioning
1190:
995:
507:
503:
174:
61000-4-11 and for higher current devices in IEC 61000-4-34.
342:
Akagi, H.; Edson
Hirokazu Watanabe; Mauricio Aredes (2007).
1710:
1620:
1557:
1519:
1373:
1310:
1221:
1176:
1169:
1029:
822:
761:
733:
636:
603:
541:
144:stay operational and not disconnect from the grid
1007:
519:
8:
1173:
1014:
1000:
992:
526:
512:
504:
346:. IEEE Press Series of Power Engineering.
147:stay connected and support the grid with
183:
58:). It is needed at distribution level (
216:IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
116:voltage even further, and may cause a
7:
956:
1692:Renewable energy commercialization
93:squirrel-cage induction generators
14:
1740:
1739:
1160:
967:
955:
944:
943:
931:
421:BDEW MV Guideline 4th Supplement
402:BDEW MV Guideline 3rd Supplement
390:BDEW MV Guideline 2nd Supplement
89:doubly-fed induction generators
1:
1687:Renewable Energy Certificates
1647:Cost of electricity by source
1569:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
1445:High-voltage shore connection
840:Blade element momentum theory
371:BDEW Medium Voltage Guideline
1702:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
1500:Transmission system operator
1460:Mains electricity by country
1037:Automatic generation control
830:2020s in wind power research
380:retrieved on 9 November 2008
72:uninterruptible power supply
21:electrical power engineering
1727:List of electricity sectors
1722:Electric energy consumption
1440:High-voltage direct current
1415:Electric power transmission
1405:Electric power distribution
1082:Energy return on investment
850:Energy return on investment
319:10.1109/PEDSTC.2019.8697267
16:Electric generator function
1782:
1642:Carbon offsets and credits
1360:Three-phase electric power
285:10.1109/ICEPE.2018.8559605
251:10.1109/IRSEC.2017.8477281
33:under-voltage ride through
1735:
1697:Renewable Energy Payments
1186:Fossil fuel power station
1158:
925:
897:Variable renewable energy
228:10.1109/TPEL.2014.2340852
1480:Single-wire earth return
1420:Electrical busbar system
1077:Energy demand management
917:Wind resource assessment
449:retrieved on 9 2008-11-9
41:low voltage ride through
1611:Residual-current device
1601:Power system protection
1591:Generator interlock kit
1395:Distributed generation
1067:Electric power quality
912:Wind profile power law
907:Wind power forecasting
279:. pp. 0724–0730.
103:Risk of chain reaction
97:Synchronous generators
1667:Fossil fuel phase-out
1435:Electricity retailing
1430:Electrical substation
1410:Electric power system
938:Wind power portal
348:John Wiley & Sons
95:which have only one.
1023:Electricity delivery
743:Consulting companies
551:Airborne wind energy
430:retrieved in 12/2015
411:retrieved in 02/2011
392:retrieved in 07/2010
313:. pp. 464–469.
124:Ride through systems
1632:Availability factor
1584:Sulfur hexafluoride
1465:Overhead power line
1365:Virtual power plant
1340:Induction generator
1293:Sustainable biofuel
1102:Home energy storage
1092:Grid energy storage
1057:Droop speed control
972:Additional portals:
902:Virtual power plant
735:Wind power industry
613:Lists of wind farms
1506:Transmission tower
1117:Nameplate capacity
445:2010-02-14 at the
440:National Grid Code
426:2013-08-16 at the
407:2013-01-27 at the
376:2012-11-05 at the
191:IEC Glossary: UVRT
25:fault ride through
1753:
1752:
1657:Environmental tax
1537:Cascading failure
1306:
1305:
1142:Utility frequency
989:
988:
581:on public display
357:978-0-470-10761-4
328:978-1-5386-9254-7
294:978-1-5386-5062-2
260:978-1-5386-2847-8
118:cascading failure
84:permanent magnets
1773:
1743:
1742:
1652:Energy subsidies
1606:Protective relay
1547:Rolling blackout
1174:
1164:
1132:Power-flow study
1072:Electrical fault
1016:
1009:
1002:
993:
976:Renewable energy
971:
959:
958:
947:
946:
936:
935:
782:GE Offshore Wind
528:
521:
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333:
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305:
299:
298:
271:
265:
264:
245:. pp. 1–6.
238:
232:
231:
222:(7): 3623–3637.
211:
205:
199:
193:
188:
49:electric network
1781:
1780:
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1772:
1771:
1770:
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1754:
1749:
1731:
1715:
1713:
1706:
1637:Capacity factor
1625:
1623:
1616:
1596:Numerical relay
1574:Circuit breaker
1562:
1560:
1553:
1515:
1455:Load management
1425:Electrical grid
1390:Demand response
1383:
1378:
1369:
1350:Microgeneration
1302:
1217:
1165:
1156:
1152:Vehicle-to-grid
1025:
1020:
990:
985:
930:
921:
892:Tip-speed ratio
887:Net energy gain
845:Capacity factor
818:
757:
729:
632:
618:Community-owned
599:
537:
532:
495:
490:
489:
480:
478:
469:
468:
464:
457:
453:
447:Wayback Machine
438:
434:
428:Wayback Machine
419:
415:
409:Wayback Machine
400:
396:
388:
384:
378:Wayback Machine
369:
365:
358:
350:. p. 137.
341:
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239:
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167:
158:
126:
105:
80:
78:General concept
17:
12:
11:
5:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1766:Electric power
1758:
1757:
1751:
1750:
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1747:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
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1724:
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1712:Statistics and
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1708:
1707:
1705:
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1699:
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1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
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1664:
1662:Feed-in tariff
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1497:
1492:
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1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Interconnector
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Dynamic demand
1397:
1392:
1386:
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1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
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1332:
1330:Combined cycle
1327:
1322:
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1300:
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1129:
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1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Load-following
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1062:Electric power
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1004:
996:
987:
986:
984:
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978:
973:
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953:
941:
926:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
867:Energy subsidy
864:
863:
862:
855:Energy storage
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
824:
820:
819:
817:
816:
811:
806:
804:Siemens Gamesa
801:
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786:
785:
784:
773:
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728:
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720:
710:
709:
708:
703:
693:
691:Unconventional
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
656:Crosswind kite
653:
648:
642:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
625:
623:Offshore farms
620:
615:
609:
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538:
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501:
494:
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462:
459:IEC 61000-4-11
451:
432:
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394:
382:
363:
356:
334:
327:
300:
293:
266:
259:
233:
206:
194:
182:
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176:
166:
163:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:reactive power
145:
142:
139:
125:
122:
109:chain reaction
104:
101:
79:
76:
66:, distributed
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1709:
1703:
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1693:
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1688:
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1683:
1682:Pigouvian tax
1680:
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1668:
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1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Earth-leakage
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
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1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:Failure modes
1518:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
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1486:
1483:
1481:
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1471:
1470:Power station
1468:
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1388:
1387:
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1377:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Rankine cycle
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:Cooling tower
1333:
1331:
1328:
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1309:
1299:
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1234:
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1228:
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1220:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1178:Non-renewable
1175:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Grid strength
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Demand factor
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
998:
997:
994:
982:
979:
977:
974:
970:
966:
964:
963:
954:
952:
951:
942:
940:
939:
934:
928:
927:
924:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
861:
858:
857:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
821:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
783:
779:
778:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
766:
764:
763:Manufacturers
760:
754:
751:
749:
748:Manufacturers
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
736:
732:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
696:Vertical-axis
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
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676:Pitch bearing
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628:Onshore farms
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566:Land vehicles
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31:), sometimes
30:
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1677:Net metering
1624:and policies
1542:Power outage
1511:Utility pole
1475:Pumped hydro
1381:distribution
1376:Transmission
1325:Cogeneration
1127:Power factor
960:
948:
929:
877:Hybrid power
646:Aerodynamics
479:. Retrieved
477:. 2005-10-17
475:IEC Webstore
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68:cogeneration
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
18:
1672:Load factor
1527:Black start
1495:Transformer
1196:Natural gas
1147:Variability
1122:Peak demand
1112:Merit order
1042:Backfeeding
499:Voltage dip
131:solar power
113:voltage dip
56:voltage sag
1714:production
1559:Protective
1490:Super grid
1485:Smart grid
1312:Generation
1246:Geothermal
1137:Repowering
882:Laddermill
835:Betz's law
780:including
713:Yaw system
605:Wind farms
556:By country
543:Wind power
535:Wind power
481:2019-07-04
178:References
64:PV systems
60:wind parks
1622:Economics
1345:Micro CHP
1223:Renewable
1206:Petroleum
1201:Oil shale
1087:Grid code
1047:Base load
156:Standards
1760:Category
1745:Category
1532:Brownout
1320:AC power
1030:Concepts
950:Category
823:Concepts
789:Goldwind
753:Software
706:Darrieus
701:Savonius
666:Floating
651:Airborne
593:panemone
588:Windmill
576:Turbines
571:Offshore
493:See also
443:Archived
424:Archived
405:Archived
374:Archived
1561:devices
1271:Thermal
1266:Osmotic
1261:Current
1241:Biomass
1231:Biofuel
1213:Nuclear
1170:Sources
962:Commons
799:Senvion
776:GE Wind
771:Enercon
718:bearing
671:Nacelle
561:History
165:Testing
52:voltage
1256:Marine
1236:Biogas
981:Energy
814:Vestas
809:Suzlon
794:Nordex
681:QBlade
661:Design
354:
325:
291:
257:
39:), or
1613:(GFI)
1502:(TSO)
1288:Solar
1276:Tidal
1251:Hydro
723:drive
686:Small
54:(cf.
1379:and
1298:Wind
1281:Wave
1191:Coal
872:HVDC
860:grid
352:ISBN
323:ISBN
289:ISBN
255:ISBN
45:LVRT
37:UVRT
315:doi
281:doi
247:doi
224:doi
172:IEC
29:FRT
23:,
19:In
1762::
473:.
321:.
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43:(
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27:(
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