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subject of prior consultations between the
Government of the Principality and the French Government. The same shall apply to measures concerning directly or indirectly the exercise of a regency or succession to the throne, which shall, whether by marriage or adoption or otherwise, pass only to a person who is of French or Monégasque nationality and is approved by the French Government." Under Article 3, Prince Albert agreed "...for himself and his successors the commitment assumed towards the French Government not to alienate the Principality, in whole or in part, in favour of any Power other than France."
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613:. To ensure this did not happen, in 1911 a law was passed recognizing his out-of-wedlock daughter, Charlotte, as Louis's acknowledged heir, and making her part of the princely family. This law was later held to be invalid, and thus another law was passed in 1918 modifying the statutes to allow the adoption of an heir with succession rights. Charlotte was formally adopted by Louis in 1919 and became Charlotte Louise Juliette Grimaldi, Princess of Monaco and Duchess of
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Louis was born within a year of his parents' marriage, but his mother, a strong-willed 19-year-old, disliked Monaco and was unhappy with her husband. She left the country permanently shortly after the birth, and the couple's marriage was annulled in 1880. Louis was raised in
Germany by his mother and
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On 17 July 1918, largely because of the von Urach potential claim, France and Monaco signed a brief but far-reaching treaty requiring prior French approval of all future Monégasque princes. Article 2 specified: "Measures concerning the international relations of the
Principality shall always be the
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for a few months in 1918, being known as
Mindaugas II. It is a moot point whether he could be the sovereign of two European countries simultaneously, had he in fact succeeded to the throne of Monaco, but he had several sons. He renounced his claim to the principality in 1924, passing it to other
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singer, on a short official visit to Paris. Juliette was already the mother of two children, Georges and
Marguerite, by her former husband, French "girlie" photographer Achille Delmaet (1860–1914). Reportedly, Prince Louis fell deeply in love but, because of her ignominious station in life, his
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En 1934, elle mit au monde à Nice un enfant, venu d'une liaison avec l'acteur André Brulé : Jean-Gabriel Brulé. Elle rencontra le prince Louis II de Monaco en 1942, à l'occasion d'une représentation de l'Aiglon donnée dans la principauté par la troupe à laquelle elle appartenait
746:. Nonetheless, his principality was beset with domestic conflict partly as a result of Louis's indecisiveness, partly due to his questionable financial links with the Nazi regime, and also because the majority of the population was of Italian descent and supported the
498:, was a dominating personality who had made Monaco a centre of cultural activity and whose intellectual achievements were recognized around the world. Unhappy to be living with his cold and distant father, Louis went to France as soon as he was old enough to enroll in
830:, Monaco. His daughter, Charlotte, had ceded her succession rights to her son, Rainier, in 1944, at which time he became hereditary prince. Thus, when Louis II died five years later, he was succeeded by his grandson, Rainier III.
1148:"MONACO'S RULER TO LEAVE HERE SOON; Prince Louis II., Arriving as Comte de Thorigny, Has Spent a Month at Palm Beach. HIS ROMANTIC CAREER He Served In the French Army With Distinction 30 Years -- Marriage Angered His Father"
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On 26 June 1922, Prince Albert I died in Paris. Louis
Grimaldi ascended to the throne as Louis II, Prince of Monaco. While his reign never achieved the grandeur of his father, Louis II left an indelible imprint on the
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father would not permit the marriage. It has been asserted that Louis ignored his father and married
Juliette in 1897: there is, however, no evidence for this allegation. They had an out-of-wedlock daughter,
794:, the 75-year-old Prince Louis did little for his principality and it began to fall into severe neglect. By 1946, he was spending most of his time in Paris. On 24–27 July of that year, he married in
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Particularly in the earlier years of Louis's reign, he acquired the reputation for administrative probity: he obtained the departure of
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A political crisis loomed for the Prince because without any other heir, the throne of Monaco would pass to his first cousin
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Wilhelm, 2nd Duke of Urach, thus placed further back in the line of succession to the throne of Monaco, was chosen as
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Louis served in the French Army for four years from 1895 to 1899, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He was awarded the
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In 1942, the
Italian Army invaded and occupied Monaco. Shortly thereafter, following Mussolini's overthrow in Italy,
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1550:(in French). digitized book accessible - University of Michigan - (March 21, 2008). June 1981. p. 569
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For a number of months in 1944, communists participated in the liberation administration of Monaco.
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French cousins that were also descended from the
Grimaldi family, the counts of Chabrillan.
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806:. Absent from Monaco during most of the final years of his reign, he and his wife lived at
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yet who faced increasing questions regarding his administration of the casino's affairs.
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1216:"MONACO'S RULER, 76, WEDS; Prince Louis II Marries a Commoner, Chislaine Dommanges"
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occupied Monaco. On the night of August 27, 1942, Monaco authorities rounded up 90
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was hired to form the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte-Carlo. Just before the outbreak of
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802:(13 October 1900 – 30 April 1991) a French film actress and former wife of actor
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589:. Louis was made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor and eventually became a
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777:. Among them was René Blum, founder of the Opera, who was murdered in the Nazi
704:, his son-in-law. This was provoked by agitation from the administrator of the
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538:. There is no mention of Louvet in the authorized biography of her grandson,
1454:"Prince Albert apologises for Monaco's role in deporting Jews to Nazi camps"
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758:(the heir-presumptive to the throne after 1944), who strongly supported the
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542:, who is Monegasque by nationality but whose ancestors include people of
487:, along with his eldest half-sister Maria-Mathilde (later grandmother of
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1186:"The complex prince who helped make modern Monaco: the life of Louis II"
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In 1931 revolutionaries planned to depose Louis II and replace him with
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443:(Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi; 12 July 1870 – 9 May 1949) was
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In 1931, the prestige of Monaco's cultural life received a boost when
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1487:"More than seven decades later, Monaco apologizes for deporting Jews"
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and handed them over to the Nazis; all but nine were murdered in the
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While Louis's sympathies were strongly pro-French, he supported the
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609:, a German nobleman who was a son of Prince Albert's aunt,
1340:"Revolution Planned in Monaco April 15 to Depose Louis II"
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Her Way: The
Remarkable Life of Monaco's Princess Caroline
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as a volunteer, serving as a staff officer under General
1611:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 466.
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Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
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1637:Consulate of the Republic of San Marino to the UK
2439:Burials at the Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate
1658:"Sveriges statskalender (1940), II, pp. 7, 75"
842:Princely monogram of Prince Louis II of Monaco
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678:which are now assembled and displayed in the
8:
2429:Grand Masters of the Order of Saint-Charles
1548:"L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux"
947:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
674:color. He collected artefacts belonging to
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2117:Hereditary Prince Jacques, Marquis of Baux
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1422:Grace of Monaco: An Interpretive Biography
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810:, their family estate in northern France.
790:Following the liberation of Monaco by the
471:(1850–1922). His mother was a daughter of
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597:Solution to succession aspects in 1911–18
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1117:"LOUIS II OF MONACO I DEAD AT AGE OF 78"
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670:painted in what would become the famous
276:Charlotte, Hereditary Princess of Monaco
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473:William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton
2454:19th-century French military personnel
1303:. Princeton University Press. p.
971:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
903:Military Merit Order of Karl-Friedrich
742:government of his old army colleague,
573:(Colonial Medal) and the Cross of the
282:
2419:Officers of the French Foreign Legion
1485:Williams, Carol J. (27 August 2015).
291:Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi
7:
1633:"The Equestrian Order of San Marino"
1608:Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009
1519:The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust
1369:"René Blum: Life of a Dance Master,"
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818:Prince Louis II died in 1949 in the
60:adding citations to reliable sources
953:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
506:and then served with a regiment of
2424:Order of the Francisque recipients
1328:1918 Franco-Monegasque Treaty text
702:Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois
658:was formed and in 1929, the first
27:Prince of Monaco from 1922 to 1949
25:
1272:"The House of Grimaldi: Louis II"
798:for the first time. His wife was
662:automobile race was held, won by
483:stepfather, Count (later Prince)
463:, Louis II was the only child of
447:from 26 June 1922 to 9 May 1949.
1683:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
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2469:Collaborators with Nazi Germany
534:, born on 30 September 1898 in
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47:needs additional citations for
2459:French generals of World War I
2404:World War II political leaders
2389:20th-century princes of Monaco
1897:Prince Ercole, Marquis of Baux
1880:Generations are numbered from
1081:Order of the WĂĽrttemberg Crown
477:Princess Marie Amelie of Baden
1:
2085:Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
2020:Charles III, Prince of Monaco
1046:Commander Grand Cross of the
611:Princess Florestine of Monaco
1962:Honoré III, Prince of Monaco
727:stadium was built where the
489:Princess Ira von FĂĽrstenberg
71:"Louis II, Prince of Monaco"
2101:Albert II, Prince of Monaco
2004:Florestan, Prince of Monaco
1978:Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco
1929:Antonio I, Prince of Monaco
1882:Honoré II, Prince of Monaco
1769:Hereditary Prince of Monaco
1694:Louis II, Prince of Monaco
1582:(in French). Archived from
1576:"Une histoire passionnante"
1300:A history of Modern Germany
1184:Ilse, Jess (12 July 2020).
1005:: 298th Grand Cross of the
485:Tassilo Festetics von Tolna
469:Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton
2485:
2052:Louis II, Prince of Monaco
2036:Albert I, Prince of Monaco
1999:Honoré V, Prince of Monaco
945:Knight with Collar of the
517:Before being stationed in
465:Albert I, Prince of Monaco
316:Albert I, Prince of Monaco
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1945:Jacques Goyon de Matignon
1913:Louis I, Prince of Monaco
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1668:– via runeberg.org.
1605:Pedersen, Jørgen (2009).
1385:"Hélène Pastor- obituary"
532:Charlotte Louise Juliette
510:(African Light Horse) in
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164:26 June 1922 – 9 May 1949
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1419:Englund, Steven (1984).
1247:. USA: Heavy Crown Press
824:Saint Nicholas Cathedral
723:in 1939, a modern large
581:, he re-enlisted in the
2409:Monegasque philatelists
2394:People from Baden-Baden
1241:Rovira, Ashley (2021).
1048:Order of the Polar Star
872:Order of the Francisque
664:William Grover-Williams
395:(end of active service)
1297:Holborn, Hajo (1982).
843:
646:
326:Mary Victoria Hamilton
2449:Dukes of Estouteville
1079:: Grand Cross of the
1058:Order of the Seraphim
1022:: Grand Cross of the
1007:Order of Prince Henry
969:: Grand Cross of the
920:Order of the Elephant
901:: Grand Cross of the
884:French Foreign Legion
841:
822:and is buried at the
733:Stade Prince Louis II
693:who had long managed
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523:Marie Juliette Louvet
504:French Foreign Legion
388:Years of service
148:Formal portrait, 1923
2444:Dukes of Valentinois
1822:Duke of Estouteville
814:Death and succession
672:British racing green
660:Grand Prix of Monaco
656:Monaco Football Club
536:Constantine, Algeria
210:Grand Duchy of Baden
56:improve this article
1826:Duke of Valentinois
1389:The Daily Telegraph
1278:. 17 September 2017
1024:Order of San Marino
951:Grand Cross of the
864:Grand Cross of the
800:Ghislaine Dommanget
508:Chasseurs d'Afrique
251:Ghislaine Dommanget
2434:Marquesses of Baux
2414:Monegasque princes
2130:prince by marriage
2068:Pierre de Polignac
1872:Monegasque princes
1815:Albert I of Monaco
1753:Monegasque royalty
1586:on 22 October 2014
1367:Homans, Jennifer.
1344:The New York Times
1220:The New York Times
1152:The New York Times
1121:The New York Times
844:
779:concentration camp
750:regime of Italy's
706:Monte Carlo Casino
695:Monte Carlo Casino
647:
587:Franchet d’Espèrey
571:médaille coloniale
540:Prince Rainier III
18:Louis II of Monaco
2399:House of Grimaldi
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2284:Sovereign Princes
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1839:
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1795:Succeeded by
1776:Succeeded by
1742:Succeeded by
1699:House of Grimaldi
1618:978-87-7674-434-2
1580:villacharlotte.fr
1533:978-0-415-28145-4
1492:Los Angeles Times
1154:. 25 January 1925
878:Brigadier General
622:King of Lithuania
591:brigadier general
467:(1848–1922), and
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525:(1867–1930), a
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1374:(8 July 2011).
1372:New York Times
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1432:9780385188128
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1425:. Doubleday.
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1391:. 22 May 2014
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1123:. 10 May 1949
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1028:30 March 1935
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924:23 March 1929
921:
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889:
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882:Badge of the
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831:
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792:Allied forces
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691:Camille Blanc
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2355:
2345:
2129:
2051:
1833:
1820:
1786:
1767:
1733:
1711:
1707:12 July 1870
1704:
1697:
1678:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1660:(in Swedish)
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1607:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1584:the original
1579:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1552:. Retrieved
1542:
1518:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1490:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1459:The Guardian
1457:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1421:
1393:. Retrieved
1388:
1379:
1371:
1348:. Retrieved
1343:
1334:
1323:
1299:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:Hello Monaco
1275:
1249:. Retrieved
1243:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1219:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:
1156:. Retrieved
1151:
1125:. Retrieved
1120:
1084:
1062:9 April 1923
1061:
1051:
1027:
923:
817:
789:
786:
767:Nazi Germany
764:
740:Vichy France
737:
721:World War II
714:
699:
688:
666:, driving a
652:principality
648:
641:Portrait by
627:
619:
600:
568:
516:
493:
481:
454:
440:
439:
425:Battles/wars
221:(1949-05-09)
203:12 July 1870
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2384:1949 deaths
2379:1870 births
2351:Rainier III
2336:Charles III
1745:Rainier III
1642:21 February
1554:16 November
1438:21 February
1251:21 February
1077:WĂĽrttemberg
828:Monte Carlo
804:André Brulé
729:Universiade
615:Valentinois
583:French Army
579:World War I
457:Baden-Baden
451:Early years
429:World War I
382:French Army
183:Rainier III
169:Predecessor
2373:Categories
2316:Honoré III
2265:Charles II
2205:Rainier II
1830:1922–1949
1792:1889–1944
1773:1889–1922
1739:1922–1949
1714:9 May 1949
1590:22 October
1498:3 December
1470:3 December
1395:16 January
1020:San Marino
676:Napoleon I
605:, the 2nd
391:1895-1899
341:Allegiance
219:9 May 1949
199:1870-07-12
82:newspapers
2357:Albert II
2331:Florestan
2321:Honoré IV
2311:Jacques I
2301:Antonio I
2291:Honoré II
2275:Honoré II
2195:Charles I
2190:Rainier I
1779:Charlotte
1664:6 January
782:Auschwitz
775:Holocaust
717:René Blum
710:René Léon
521:, he met
500:Saint-Cyr
393:1914-1918
179:Successor
2346:Louis II
2341:Albert I
2326:Honoré V
2260:Honoré I
2245:Lamberto
2240:Claudine
2225:Ambroise
2185:François
1834:Extinct
1728:Albert I
1562:alors...
1516:(2002).
1003:Portugal
986:Holy See
808:Marchais
725:football
560:Scottish
455:Born in
441:Louis II
419:5th Army
371:Service/
306:Grimaldi
228:, Monaco
173:Albert I
137:Louis II
112:May 2017
2296:Louis I
2250:Jean II
2235:Catalan
2230:Antonie
2210:Gabriel
2200:Antonio
1798:Rainier
928:Italy:
916:Denmark
834:Honours
756:Rainier
748:fascist
668:Bugatti
603:Wilhelm
564:English
552:Italian
548:Mexican
527:cabaret
519:Algeria
512:Algeria
461:Germany
264:
256:
96:scholar
2270:Ercole
2255:Lucien
2220:Jean I
1762:Albert
1710:
1615:
1530:
1429:
1350:28 May
1311:
1282:28 May
1226:28 May
1195:28 May
1158:28 May
1127:28 May
1074:
1041:Sweden
1038:
1017:
1000:
983:
937:
913:
896:
858:France
855:
796:Monaco
760:Allies
645:, 1928
562:, and
556:German
544:French
373:branch
365:France
362:
353:Monaco
350:
322:Mother
312:Father
245:Spouse
233:Burial
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2215:Louis
2178:Lords
1712:Died:
1705:Born:
1092:Notes
899:Baden
633:Reign
301:House
286:Names
271:Issue
258:(
254:
206:Baden
161:Reign
103:JSTOR
89:books
1666:2018
1644:2021
1613:ISBN
1592:2014
1556:2018
1528:ISBN
1500:2021
1472:2021
1440:2022
1427:ISBN
1397:2015
1352:2023
1309:ISBN
1284:2023
1253:2022
1228:2023
1197:2023
1160:2023
1129:2023
1085:1889
1052:1906
475:and
415:Unit
400:Rank
216:Died
193:Born
75:news
1305:429
826:in
735:".
58:by
2375::
2128:*
1635:.
1578:.
1558:.
1522:.
1489:.
1462:.
1456:.
1405:^
1387:.
1360:^
1342:.
1307:.
1274:.
1261:^
1218:.
1205:^
1188:.
1168:^
1150:.
1137:^
1119:.
1100:^
1083:,
1060:,
1050:,
1043::
1026:,
942::
922:,
861::
784:.
762:.
708:,
617:.
593:.
558:,
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550:,
546:,
514:.
479:.
459:,
260:m.
208:,
2163:e
2156:t
2149:v
2070:*
1947:*
1884:.
1864:e
1857:t
1850:v
1646:.
1621:.
1594:.
1536:.
1502:.
1474:.
1442:.
1399:.
1354:.
1317:.
1286:.
1255:.
1230:.
1199:.
1162:.
1131:.
201:)
197:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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