259:
providing him with a pension which should certainly not reach the impressive sum represented by the 20th of the tax received in Rwanda and the tribute paid to him in kind by subjects over whom in reality he no longer exercises any authority other than that which we strive to retain: the most powerful provincial heads having virtually freed themselves and being perfectly suited to the new regime where the
European authority has completely replaced the much less appreciated Mwami. His request was refused. He met with King Musinga and defined his role as being to execute the decisions of the Belgians and to sort out minor issues of no concern to the Belgians. Musinga partially agreed, but insisted on retaining an appearance of power, and worked on restoring his prestige with the notables.
254:
of the character of an absolute property right. We must assure this respect for an absolute right on movable property and cattle that workers have acquired by their toil. By tolerating that a right; either wholly or in part, over wealth not created by them and without a true concession of land or breeding cattle, should pass into the hands of the Batusi chiefs or other notables, the authorities, would, in reality, be making themselves accomplices to an assumption of property rights which neither custom nor traditions suffice to justify or authorise... If the native does not have any precise notion of these juridical ideas at the moment, it is incumbent on us to educate him on the matter, correcting his errors and moulding his mentality with perseverance and patience.
249:
toured Ruanda in April 1929, and remarked that the notables were demoralized by loss of authority and the threat of losing their cattle, while the people were suffering from a famine in which 35,000 to 40,000 had died. Postiaux reverted to a policy in which the notables regained some of their power. However, influenced by Bishop Classe, Postiaux wrote the following circular to the Ruanda residents on 2 October 1929:
241:, was more interested in the Belgian Congo than the mandated territories, and in 1925 had arranged for an administrative union between Ruanda-Urundi and the Belgian Congo, and a change in his title from royal commissioner to vice-governor general of the Belgian Congo and governor of Ruanda-Urundi. At the end of 1928 Marzorati almost died from
253:
A second abuse that ought equally to be forseen is that which consists in recognising natives of lower rank (bahutu or batwa) as having, even over goods produced by their labour or acquired by means of its fruits, only an incomplete right (usufruct, use, possession for life etc. ) which has nothing
248:
Postiaux was governor of Ruanda-Urundi until July 1930. He took over as governor at a time of crisis in the colony, after a failed harvest in 1928 had led to starvation in eastern Rwanda, and the notables had opposed extending cultivation to the wet lowlands where they grazed their cattle. Postiaux
258:
Postiaux sought permission from
Brussels to end the monarchy and have the Resident and the notables administer the colony directly. On 28 May 1929 he wrote to the Minister of Colonies, "I can conclude that the government would not expose itself in Rwanda to any setback by relegating Musinga and
262:
In 1929 Postiaux called a "surprise meeting" of all the traditional chiefs of Rwanda in which he told them that all
Rwandans must acquire an 8-page booklet that identified the holder. It included their name, photograph, date of birth, residence and so on, and their ethnicity, which must be
224:
on 5 May 1910, where he served his second term as an administrative officer 3rd class. He took five months leave in 1912, then returned as an administrative officer 2nd class. In his fourth term he held the rank of director. In 1924 the governor general
417:
Cornet (2011) says
Postiaux was governor of Ruanda-Urundi from August 1926 to July 1930. This is perhaps to due confusion between the change in title from deputy governor of Ruanda-Urundi to governor of Ruanda-Urundi and deputy governor of the Belgian
196:, Belgium, on 15 August 1882. His parents were Jean-Baptiste-Alexis Postiaux and Elise Hernalsteen. After completing his secondary education he worked for several employers before entering the colonial service in 1905 as a clerk 1st class.
314:
After returning to
Belgium Postiaux was a member of the Colonial Pensions Commission until his retirement in February 1935. He became vice-president of the commission for protection of the indigenous arts and trades, and replaced
319:
as president of the commission in 1936. In August 1939 he promoted a decree to ensure the protection of indigenous artistic sites and works in the Congo. He was appointed the delegate of the government in the
275:. The penal code specified that eight whips would be administered to anyone who failed to get the booklet. In the long term, this strict classification of ethnic identity would be one of the causes of the
302:. He was acting governor general from 1932 to 1934. In November 1934 Postiaux confirmed that he meant to end his career in Africa. He was quickly replaced as deputy governor general by General
290:
Postiaux returned in July 1930 and was assigned to the Congo until March 1931. Postiaux was governor of the province of
Katanga from 1 September 1931 to 30 March 1932. He succeeded
685:
849:
237:
In July 1926 Postiaux left
Marseille for Ruanda-Urundi, where he had been appointed deputy governor general. He assumed office in August 1926. The governor,
844:
213:
667:
809:
769:
698:
657:
637:
299:
220:
on 14 February 1907, and was promoted to chief clerk on 1 July 1907. He returned to
Belgium on leave, then left again for what was now the
294:, and was replaced by Gaston-René Heenan, who returned for a second term of office. During his ninth term of service he replaced General
321:
345:
714:
384:
755:
363:
357:
68:
33:
779:
734:
370:
351:
291:
839:
834:
339:
115:
98:
75:
229:
appointed
Postiaux deputy secretary-general. Postiaux returned to Europe at the end of May 1926.
217:
805:
799:
765:
759:
694:
653:
647:
633:
627:
787:
377:
316:
276:
238:
209:
181:
56:
295:
176:(15 August 1882 – 31 March 1948) was a Belgian colonial administrator who was governor of
102:
828:
242:
226:
221:
177:
245:, and Postiaux took over as governor. Postiaux succeeded Marzorati in January 1929.
303:
744:(in French), vol. VI, Acad. Roy. Science d'Outre-Mer, pp. col.831–833
780:"Le remodelage de l'espace culturel rwandais par l'Église et la colonisation"
791:
324:, and was made head of the Colonial School in Brussels. Postiaux died in
193:
143:
325:
205:
160:
569:
567:
408:
Postiaux succeeded
Marzorati in January 1929. This must be an error.
268:
264:
282:
In 1930 Postiaux was succeeded by Charles Henri Joseph Voisin.
272:
212:. On 10 November 1905 he joined the administrative service in
761:
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
649:
Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931
629:
Politiques de santé et contrôle social au Rwanda: 1920-1940
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
668:"Rwanda's Notorious Passport To Death, a KT Press Report"
573:
461:
459:
457:
455:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
597:
801:
Pierre Ryckmans 1891-1959: Coloniser dans l'honneur
150:
130:
125:
109:
92:
74:
62:
50:
32:
21:
693:(in French), Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale,
251:
8:
609:
477:
558:
546:
510:
498:
18:
446:
666:Jean de-la Croix Tabaro (17 July 2015),
585:
430:
397:
534:
522:
465:
88:September 1931 – January 1932
46:5 February 1929 – 4 July 1930
300:Governor-General of the Belgian Congo
7:
798:Vanderlinden, Jacques (1994-04-15),
716:The White Fathers' Mission in Rwanda
850:Colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi
786:(in French) (1 (N° 190)): 83–103,
646:Des Forges, Alison (17 May 2011),
322:Société des mines d'or de KiloMoto
192:Louis-Joseph Postiaux was born in
14:
804:(in French), De Boeck Supérieur,
208:on 19 October 1905 bound for the
632:(in French), KARTHALA Editions,
684:Jean Omasombo Tshonda (2018),
216:in the Bas Congo. He moved to
16:Belgian colonial administrator
1:
845:Governors of Katanga Province
328:, Belgium, on 31 March 1948.
784:Revue d'Histoire de la Shoah
742:Biographie Belge d'Outre-Mer
574:Jean de-la Croix Tabaro 2015
346:Order of the Crown (Belgium)
764:, Oxford University Press,
652:, Univ of Wisconsin Press,
385:Order of the Crown of Italy
866:
598:Jean Omasombo Tshonda 2018
298:in January 1932 as acting
279:in the post-colonial era.
778:Rutayisire, Paul (2009),
735:"POSTIAUX {Louis-Joseph)"
358:Order of the African Star
233:Ruanda-Urundi (1926–1930)
167:
121:
81:
39:
34:Governor of Ruanda-Urundi
28:
364:Military Order of Christ
310:Later career (1934–1948)
404:Des Forges (2011) says
371:Order of the Black Star
352:Royal Order of the Lion
188:Early years (1882–1905)
180:, and then governor of
792:10.3917/rhsho.190.0083
733:Coosemans, M. (1968),
256:
626:Cornet, Anne (2011),
174:Louis Joseph Postiaux
713:Linden, Ian (1975),
537:, pp. 432–433.
340:Order of Leopold II
76:Governor of Katanga
672:24-7 Press Release
292:Gaston-René Heenan
218:Orientale Province
811:978-2-8041-1881-5
771:978-0-19-957048-5
700:978-9-4926-6907-0
659:978-0-299-28143-4
639:978-2-8111-0485-6
610:Vanderlinden 1994
478:Vanderlinden 1994
369:Commander of the
362:Commander of the
344:Commander of the
338:Commander of the
286:Congo (1930–1934)
200:Congo (1905–1926)
171:
170:
857:
820:
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481:
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469:
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419:
415:
409:
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378:Legion of Honour
277:Rwandan genocide
239:Alfred Marzorati
210:Congo Free State
182:Katanga Province
157:
140:
138:
126:Personal details
112:
95:
86:
65:
57:Alfred Marzorati
53:
44:
19:
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756:Pedersen, Susan
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559:Des Forges 2011
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547:Rutayisire 2009
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511:Des Forges 2011
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499:Des Forges 2011
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383:Officer of the
376:Officer of the
350:Officer of the
334:
312:
296:Auguste Tilkens
288:
235:
202:
190:
159:
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136:
134:
110:
103:Rodolphe Dufour
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93:
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63:
51:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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622:
620:
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612:, p. 272.
602:
600:, p. 235.
590:
588:, p. 412.
578:
563:
561:, p. 236.
551:
539:
527:
525:, p. 432.
515:
513:, p. 233.
503:
501:, p. 235.
482:
480:, p. 160.
470:
468:, p. 186.
451:
447:Coosemans 1968
429:
427:
424:
421:
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396:
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356:Knight of the
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234:
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204:Postiaux left
201:
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158:(aged 65)
152:
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141:15 August 1882
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72:
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69:Charles Voisin
66:
60:
59:
54:
48:
47:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
25:
23:Louis Postiaux
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
862:
851:
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586:Pedersen 2015
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549:, p. 31.
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318:
317:Jules Destrée
309:
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297:
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285:
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274:
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255:
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246:
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243:typhoid fever
240:
232:
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227:Martin Rutten
223:
222:Belgian Congo
219:
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178:Ruanda-Urundi
175:
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154:31 March 1948
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120:
117:
116:Gaston Heenen
114:
108:
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99:Gaston Heenen
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77:
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70:
67:
61:
58:
55:
49:
43:
38:
35:
31:
27:
20:
815:, retrieved
800:
783:
760:
746:, retrieved
741:
724:, retrieved
715:
704:, retrieved
687:Haut-Katanga
686:
675:, retrieved
671:
648:
628:
605:
593:
581:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
473:
413:
405:
400:
313:
289:
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203:
191:
173:
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156:(1948-03-31)
111:Succeeded by
83:
64:Succeeded by
41:
840:1948 deaths
835:1882 births
535:Linden 1975
523:Linden 1975
466:Cornet 2011
304:Paul Ermens
94:Preceded by
52:Preceded by
829:Categories
817:2021-01-21
748:2021-01-21
726:2021-01-22
706:2021-01-21
677:2021-01-21
366:(Portugal)
137:1882-08-15
426:Citations
373:(France);
163:, Belgium
146:, Belgium
105:(interim)
84:In office
42:In office
758:(2015),
722:(Thesis)
380:(France)
194:La Hulpe
144:La Hulpe
619:Sources
326:Antwerp
206:Antwerp
161:Antwerp
808:
768:
697:
656:
636:
418:Congo.
332:Honors
738:(PDF)
720:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
406:Henri
392:Notes
269:Tutsi
806:ISBN
766:ISBN
695:ISBN
654:ISBN
634:ISBN
265:Hutu
214:Boma
151:Died
131:Born
788:doi
273:Twa
271:or
831::
782:,
740:,
670:,
566:^
485:^
454:^
433:^
306:.
267:,
184:.
790::
576:.
449:.
139:)
135:(
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