386:. The administrative report for 1930 described its program to remedy the undernourishment of the natives, and periodic famines and food shortages. This required every capable adult native to cultivate and maintain a cassava plantation. Voisin initiated an economic recovery program in which road construction played a central role. The Europeans thought that Africans disliked work, and rarely did more than needed to meet their immediate or most basic needs. If they had to pay higher taxes, they might be induced to do more. Voisin's administration decided to abolish the system through which labour was given to the king, chiefs and deputy chiefs so as to free up labour for commercial agriculture. The unexpected result was to cause emigration to the British territories of Uganda and Tanganyika, aggravating the labor shortage. Voisin also tried to improve administrative control, improve livestock, reforest the land, prospect for mining opportunities and develop markets. He introduced cotton, coffee, palm, tobacco, cassava and sweet potatoes.
185:
342:. In January 1926 he was appointed interim Attorney General in Katanga, holding this position until 11 December 1926. On 9 November 1926 he was appointed Attorney General to the Court of Appeal of Boma. Voisin left Boma on 21 April 1927 on leave, bound for Belgium, where he married Élisabeth Cornil. He embarked with his wife in Antwerp on 15 October 1927. He resumed his position as attorney general, which he held until 7 November 1929. During his period the attorney general's office was transferred from Boma to
234:
206:
397:, was thought to be hostile to introduction of European civilization, had fought against the Belgians during World War I, had not accepted Christianity and had what the Belgians saw as scandalous sexual practices. When Voisin discussed the king with Classe, the bishop agreed that Musinga should be removed, since he had become increasingly hostile to the
262:
220:
276:
248:
192:
333:
Voisin returned to Boma on 8 March 1919 and was appointed King's
Prosecutor at the court of first instance in Boma. He held this position for two terms, from 8 March 1919 to 29 May 1921, then from 30 November 1921 to 26 January 1924. On 22 July 1924 Voisin left Antwerp for Boma to take over
393:, and overhauled the chieftaincy structure. Before his reform each area had three chiefs, with a Hutu in charge of land and Tutsis in charge of cattle and army. After it, the three chiefdoms were combined and held by a Tutsi. The king of Ruanda,
354:
After leave in
Belgium, Voisin and his wife embarked at Antwerp on 21 May 1930. While en route they learned that he had been appointed by royal decree as vice-governor general of the Congo and governor of the mandate territories of
184:
409:
ritualists, but the
Belgian authorities took charge of the ceremony. Voisin declared, "Rudahigwa, as you were nominated by the king of the Belgians, I proclaim you King of Ruanda. The Catholic Bishop
405:
with a company of government troops on bicycles. He summoned
Musinga and informed him of his dismissal and replacement by his son Rudahigwa. By tradition the new king would have been enthroned by the
289:
298:
On graduating from university, Voisin entered the service of the
Belgian Congo. He was appointed a provisional magistrate by ministerial decree on 31 January 1910, and on 3 March 1910 embarked in
318:). On 25 June 1913 he was made a titular substitute, and served in this role from the summer of 1913 to the start of 1916, and then from the summer of 1916 to July 1918. He served briefly in
306:
in the lower Congo. On 26 March 1910 the attorney general at the court of appeal in Boma appointed Voisin substitute deputy of the public prosecutor at the court of first instance in
401:
and
Christianity. One of his sons, Rudahigwa, had been educated by Europeans and could perhaps be converted to Christianity. On 14 November 1931 Voisin travelled from Usumbura to
367:. His statutory maximum term of 18 years of service expired during this period, but by ministerial decree he was able to extend it to 16 June 1932. He took over from
433:, Hainaut. He was appointed a member of the Colonial Council. He died in Tournai after a painful illness on 20 November 1942, during the German occupation in
866:
851:
49:
856:
173:, Hainaut, Belgium. His parents were Charles Voisin and Valérie-Palmyre-Joseph Venquier. Voisin studied law at the Catholic University of Louvain.
861:
672:"Deontological Retributivism and the Legal Practice of International Jurisprudence: The Case of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda"
303:
846:
817:
731:
661:
611:
314:. Voisin spent three statutory terms of service in Uele. From April 1910 to the end of September 1912 he was an alternate substitute (
334:
management of the Public
Prosecutor's Office. On 11 March 1925 he was appointed deputy prosecutor general at the Court of Appeal of
322:
at the start of his third term before returning to
Niangara. He left on leave from Boma on 4 August 1918 and was vacationing in
153:(29 October 1887 – 20 November 1942) was a Belgian lawyer and colonial administrator. He served as attorney general of the
417:
by the requirement of the dynastic rule." Rudahigwa and many other Tutsi notables converted to
Christianity soon after.
741:
621:
841:
836:
414:
785:
699:
691:
383:
813:
727:
657:
651:
607:
426:
84:
721:
601:
807:
775:
683:
633:
372:
339:
751:(in French), vol. V, Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, pp. col. 869–873
343:
410:
402:
390:
368:
72:
830:
703:
398:
319:
311:
158:
154:
434:
382:", despite being started under Marzorati and Postiaux. The country had suffered a
622:"Punir l'indigène : les infractions spéciales au Ruanda-Urundi (1930-1948)"
327:
161:. He deposed the traditional king of Ruanda and replaced him by the king's son.
780:
687:
335:
764:"Le Controle De La Main-d'oeuvre Au Burundi (Fin XIXe Siecle Environ 1930)"
603:
Rwanda 1994: The Myth of the Akazu
Genocide Conspiracy and its Consequences
637:
378:
A series of reforms instituted between 1926 and 1932 came to be known as "
364:
323:
307:
789:
763:
695:
671:
430:
394:
299:
170:
129:
112:
774:(1/2), Institut de Sociologie de l'Université de Bruxelles: 307–327,
360:
356:
799:
713:
723:
The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises 1900–1994
486:
484:
653:
Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931
169:
Charles-Henri-Joseph Voisin was born on 29 October 1887 in
543:
541:
513:
511:
16:
Belgian lawyer and colonial administrator in Belgish Congo
682:(2), School of Oriental and African Studies: 101–131,
528:
526:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
136:
119:
99:
94:
78:
66:
48:
32:
21:
389:Voisin accepted the advice of The Catholic Bishop
157:, then as governor of the mandated territories of
375:, who briefed him on the country's problems.
8:
547:
559:
429:. On return to Belgium, Voisin settled in
44:9 November 1926 – 7 November 1929
18:
779:
517:
502:
490:
413:then stated, "the title of your reign is
346:, the new capital of the Belgian Congo.
812:, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,
583:
445:
532:
233:
571:
463:
177:Attorney in Belgian Congo (1910–1930)
62:4 July 1930 – 18 August 1932
33:Attorney General of the Belgian Congo
7:
475:
205:
867:Belgian people of the Belgian Congo
852:Colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi
806:Twagilimana, Aimable (2015-11-06),
14:
650:Des Forges, Alison (2011-05-17),
425:Voisin was succeeded in 1932 by
274:
261:
260:
246:
232:
219:
218:
204:
190:
183:
857:Belgian colonial administrators
809:Historical Dictionary of Rwanda
742:"VOISIN (Charles-Henri-Joseph)"
726:, Wipf & Stock Publishers,
720:Gatwa, Tharcisse (2008-09-01),
862:People from Hainaut (province)
600:Collins, Barrie (2014-08-26),
371:, acting governor in place of
275:
140:Lawyer, colonial administrator
1:
762:Nzabimana, Tharcisse (1993),
670:Fink, Jason Benjamin (2005),
847:20th-century Belgian lawyers
749:Biographie Belge d'Outre-Mer
247:
191:
656:, Univ of Wisconsin Press,
151:Charles-Henri-Joseph Voisin
883:
781:10.4000/civilisations.1715
384:severe famine in 1928–1929
688:10.1017/S0021855305000100
606:, Palgrave Macmillan UK,
350:Ruanda-Urundi (1930–1932)
326:when the armistice ended
144:
90:
55:
50:Governor of Ruanda-Urundi
37:
28:
421:Later career (1932–1942)
165:Early years (1887–1909)
676:Journal of African Law
626:Afrique & histoire
293:Locations in the Congo
740:Jadot, J.-M. (1958),
638:10.3917/afhi.007.0049
620:Cornet, Anne (2009),
290:class=notpageimage|
493:, pp. 316–317.
380:les reformes Voisin
316:substitut suppléant
132:, Hainaut, Belgium
115:, Hainaut, Belgium
819:978-1-4422-5591-3
733:978-1-59752-823-8
663:978-0-299-28143-4
613:978-1-137-02232-5
148:
147:
874:
822:
802:
797:
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783:
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736:
716:
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710:
666:
646:
645:
644:
616:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
548:Twagilimana 2015
545:
536:
530:
521:
515:
506:
500:
494:
488:
479:
473:
467:
461:
373:Alfred Marzorati
340:Katanga Province
278:
277:
264:
263:
250:
249:
236:
235:
222:
221:
208:
207:
194:
193:
187:
126:
123:10 November 1942
109:
107:
95:Personal details
81:
69:
60:
42:
19:
882:
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649:
642:
640:
619:
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595:
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582:
578:
570:
566:
560:Des Forges 2011
558:
554:
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539:
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128:
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111:
110:29 October 1887
105:
103:
79:
67:
61:
56:
43:
38:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
880:
878:
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829:
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824:
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732:
717:
667:
662:
647:
617:
612:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:
576:
564:
562:, p. 237.
552:
537:
522:
520:, p. 317.
518:Nzabimana 1993
507:
505:, p. 326.
503:Nzabimana 1993
495:
491:Nzabimana 1993
480:
478:, p. 108.
468:
444:
442:
439:
427:Eugène Jungers
422:
419:
369:Louis Postiaux
351:
348:
336:Elisabethville
288:
287:
281:
280:
273:
272:
267:
266:
259:
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253:
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240:Elizabethville
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182:
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146:
145:
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138:
134:
133:
127:(aged 55)
121:
117:
116:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
85:Eugène Jungers
82:
76:
75:
73:Louis Postiaux
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
46:
45:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
25:
23:Charles Voisin
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
879:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
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834:
832:
821:
815:
811:
810:
804:
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791:
787:
782:
777:
773:
770:(in French),
769:
768:Civilisations
765:
760:
750:
743:
738:
735:
729:
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724:
718:
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689:
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677:
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635:
631:
628:(in French),
627:
623:
618:
615:
609:
605:
604:
598:
597:
592:
586:, p. 46.
585:
580:
577:
574:, p. 89.
573:
568:
565:
561:
556:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
535:, p. 19.
534:
529:
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487:
485:
481:
477:
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450:
446:
440:
438:
437:(1939–1945).
436:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:White Fathers
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
331:
330:(1914–1918).
329:
325:
321:
320:Kivu District
317:
313:
312:Uele District
309:
305:
301:
291:
186:
176:
174:
172:
164:
162:
160:
159:Ruanda-Urundi
156:
155:Belgian Congo
152:
143:
139:
135:
131:
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118:
114:
102:
98:
93:
89:
86:
83:
77:
74:
71:
65:
59:
54:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
27:
20:
808:
798:– via
793:, retrieved
771:
767:
753:, retrieved
748:
722:
712:– via
707:, retrieved
679:
675:
652:
641:, retrieved
632:(1): 49–73,
629:
625:
602:
584:Collins 2014
579:
567:
555:
550:, p. 7.
498:
471:
435:World War II
424:
406:
388:
379:
377:
353:
344:LĂ©opoldville
332:
315:
297:
212:LĂ©opoldville
168:
150:
149:
125:(1942-11-10)
80:Succeeded by
57:
39:
842:1942 deaths
837:1887 births
533:Cornet 2009
411:LĂ©on Classe
391:LĂ©on Classe
363:, based in
328:World War I
68:Preceded by
831:Categories
795:2021-01-25
755:2021-01-25
709:2021-01-25
643:2021-01-25
572:Gatwa 2008
464:Jadot 1958
137:Occupation
106:1887-10-29
704:143580930
476:Fink 2005
58:In office
40:In office
790:41229836
696:27607943
365:Usumbura
324:Le Havre
308:Niangara
268:Usumbura
226:Niangara
593:Sources
431:Tournai
395:Musinga
310:in the
300:Antwerp
171:Flobecq
130:Tournai
113:Flobecq
816:
788:
730:
702:
694:
660:
610:
415:Mutara
403:Nyanza
361:Urundi
357:Ruanda
282:Nyanza
800:JSTOR
786:JSTOR
745:(PDF)
714:JSTOR
700:S2CID
692:JSTOR
441:Notes
407:abiru
814:ISBN
728:ISBN
658:ISBN
608:ISBN
359:and
304:Boma
302:for
254:Kivu
198:Boma
120:Died
100:Born
776:doi
684:doi
634:doi
338:in
833::
784:,
772:41
766:,
747:,
698:,
690:,
680:49
678:,
674:,
624:,
540:^
525:^
510:^
483:^
448:^
778::
686::
636::
630:7
466:.
108:)
104:(
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