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in 1891. The WMCP was the first medical college established for the education of women to become doctors; defying social norms and allowing women the opportunity to obtain high levels of education. By 1925, eighteen
African American women had graduated from WMCP; one of which was Louise Fleming who
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Gamble, Vanessa
Northington. "“Sisters of a Darker Race”: African American Graduates of the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1867–1925." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 95 no. 2, 2021, p. 169-197. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/bhm.2021.0029. pg.
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Gamble, Vanessa
Northington. "“Sisters of a Darker Race”: African American Graduates of the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1867–1925." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 95 no. 2, 2021, p. 169-197. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/bhm.2021.0029.
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Scruggs, Lawson Andrew. Women of
Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character. United States: L. A. Scruggs, 1893. pg. 197-198
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122:. She returned from Africa to improve her skills and she was the first African American woman to be commissioned for work in Africa by the
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Scruggs, Lawson Andrew. Women of
Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character. United States: L. A. Scruggs, 1893. pg. 197
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Scruggs, Lawson Andrew. Women of
Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character. United States: L. A. Scruggs, 1893. p.198.
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Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character. United States: L. A. Scruggs, 1893. pg.198
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Fleming returned to her mission in the Congo, becoming the only
African American woman doctor in the country. In 1898, she contracted
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and returned to the United States. Fleming died on June 20, 1899 at the
Samaritan Hospital in Philadelphia at the age of 37.
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With the idea of alleviating illness in the Congo, Fleming enrolled in the Women's
Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP) in
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and her father was half white. When Fleming was young, her father fought with the
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247:. Hine, Darlene Clark. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005.
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204:. She accepted the invitation and arrived in the Congo in 1887, stationed at
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150:, Florida. Fleming's parents had unique backgrounds; her mother was half
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invited Fleming to become their missionary representative to the
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American expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Baptist missionaries in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, Volume 5
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on May 27, 1885. Fleming became a public school teacher in
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Shaw College, Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia
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Woman’s Baptist Foreign Mission Society of the West
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Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society
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388:"Fleming, Louise Celia "Lulu" (1862-1899)"
324:"This Day in Black History: Jan. 28, 1862"
165:In December of 1877, Fleming converted to
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612:19th-century African-American physicians
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134:Fleming was born on January 28, 1862 to
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294:"LuLu Fleming, medical missionary"
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607:19th-century American physicians
587:People from Clay County, Florida
481:Van Broekhoven, Deborah (2013).
202:Democratic Republic of the Congo
35:Dr. Louise Celia “Lulu” Fleming
351:Kurian, George Thomas (2016).
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627:Female Christian missionaries
597:African-American missionaries
424:American Baptist Churches USA
572:19th-century American slaves
421:"Lulu Cecilia Fleming, M.D."
112:Louise Celia "Lulu" Fleming
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637:People enslaved in Florida
73:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
511:"Fleming, Louise Cecelia"
298:African American Registry
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483:"Women's History Month"
221:African trypanosomiasis
55:Fleming Island, Florida
577:Shaw University alumni
275:: CS1 maint: others (
243:Black women in America
177:. She graduated from
118:to graduate from the
23:Louise Celia Fleming
216:graduated in 1895.
394:. 10 February 2014
160:American Civil War
169:at age 15 at the
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167:Christianity
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562:1862 births
430:12 February
398:12 February
303:12 February
189:, Florida.
158:during the
148:Clay County
80:Nationality
556:Categories
535:pg.169-170
521:2018-02-12
334:2018-02-12
227:References
200:, now the
156:Union Army
140:Plantation
104:Missionary
47:1862-01-28
271:cite book
152:Congolese
130:Biography
100:Physician
515:dacb.org
263:57506600
206:Palabala
144:Hibernia
136:enslaved
83:American
545:170-171
328:BET.com
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486:(PDF)
432:2018
400:2018
359:ISBN
305:2018
277:link
259:OCLC
249:ISBN
62:Died
41:Born
181:as
173:in
142:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
