46:
26:
282:
of the space. It is also occasionally reported that the needle breaks off and is retained in the pterygomandibular space during this injection. Minor oral surgery is then required to remove the fractured needle. Due to its high vascularity, injections into the pterygomandibular space carry a high
287:(injecting into a blood vessel). Another possible complication of an inferior alveolar nerve block occurs when the needle is placed too deep, passing through the pterygomandibular space and into the parotid gland behind. Branches of the
1075:
630:
1728:
240:
38:
have been cut away. The pterygomandibular space lies between the lateral surface of medial pterygoid and the medial surface of the mandibular ramus.
345:
may spread to involve the pterygomandibular space, and the most common teeth responsible for this are the mandibular second and third molar teeth.
1743:
661:
601:
318:(difficulty opening the mouth), however there is not usually any externally visible facial swelling. Intra-orally, there may be swelling and
1068:
138:
114:
397:
1061:
1017:
1413:
271:
1738:
292:
654:
334:, and the incision may be placed inside the mouth or two incisions may be used, one inside the mouth and one outside.
1589:
1323:
702:
1238:
1233:
974:
254:
278:
micro-organisms from the mouth may be seeded into the pterygomandibular space during this injection and cause a
457:
Bedrock, RD; Skigen, A; Dolwick, MF (May 1999). "Retrieval of a broken needle in the pterygomandibular space".
247:
198:
126:
1053:
284:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1154:
897:
299:. The pterygomandibular space is one of the possible spaces into which a tooth may be displaced into during
1428:
1423:
1418:
1339:
1169:
1164:
1097:
1085:
984:
917:
647:
279:
92:
415:"Applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space: improving the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks"
1665:
1127:
1032:
1012:
890:
816:
806:
801:
697:
342:
331:
130:
35:
1385:
1132:
1122:
492:
Taghavi Zenouz, A; Ebrahimi, H; Mahdipour, M; Pourshahidi, S; Amini, P; Vatankhah, M (Winter 2008).
1433:
1137:
979:
873:
811:
781:
308:
223:
216:
209:
202:
134:
274:, a common procedure used to anesthetize the distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve. Rarely,
1707:
1564:
1508:
1318:
1147:
1114:
1027:
969:
878:
611:
323:
543:"Removal of a Maxillary Third Molar Displaced into Pterygopalatine Fossa via Intraoral Approach"
494:"The Incidence of Intravascular Needle Entrance during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection"
389:
1569:
1363:
841:
597:
574:
523:
474:
436:
393:
300:
181:
the ascending ramus of the mandible laterally (the space is deep to the ramus of the mandible)
1546:
1536:
1472:
1375:
1243:
1207:
1159:
885:
763:
687:
564:
554:
513:
505:
466:
426:
381:
267:
1702:
1673:
1541:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1491:
1467:
1348:
1042:
1037:
959:
796:
791:
786:
623:
122:
295:) run through the substance of the parotid gland and so this is manifest as a transient
1733:
1697:
1687:
1632:
1594:
1477:
1293:
1288:
1270:
1212:
1174:
989:
853:
758:
730:
692:
569:
542:
518:
493:
31:
1722:
1551:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1275:
861:
431:
414:
382:
166:
470:
1627:
1617:
1283:
1142:
866:
821:
304:
296:
288:
178:
the medial pterygoid muscle medially (the space is superficial to medial pterygoid)
159:
311:
in the angle region may also be the cause of a pterygomandibular space infection.
1622:
1559:
1395:
1390:
1368:
1089:
907:
753:
748:
671:
330:
to the unaffected side. The airway may be compressed. Treatment is by surgical
45:
1677:
1612:
1604:
1380:
1007:
712:
314:
The signs and symptoms of an isolated pterygomandiublar infection may include
275:
1692:
1682:
1200:
1195:
1184:
939:
578:
527:
509:
478:
440:
559:
98:
1405:
831:
826:
707:
319:
1443:
1303:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1222:
1106:
836:
639:
315:
30:
Diagram showing left medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. Part of the
1581:
954:
949:
944:
928:
740:
118:
596:(10th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. pp. 590–594.
25:
1500:
1459:
1022:
722:
327:
125:
in the head and is paired on each side. It is located between the
592:
Hargreaves KM, Cohen S (editors), Berman LH (web editor) (2010).
413:
Khoury, JN; Mihailidis, S; Ghabriel, M; Townsend, G (June 2011).
773:
541:
Ozer, N; Uçem, F; Saruhanoğlu, A; Yilmaz, S; Tanyeri, H (2013).
175:
the inferior border of the mandible (lingual surface) inferiorly
1057:
643:
679:
498:
Journal of Dental
Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects
388:(5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. pp.
190:
The communications of each pterygomandibular space are:
154:
The boundaries of each pterygomandibular space are:
50:
The four compartents of the right masticator space.
1664:
1603:
1580:
1517:
1499:
1490:
1458:
1442:
1404:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1221:
1183:
1105:
1096:
1000:
927:
906:
852:
772:
739:
721:
678:
18:
133:. The pterygomandibular space is one of the four
322:(redness) of the anterior tonsillar pillar (the
452:
450:
266:The pterygomandibular space is the area where
205:medially (around the medial pterygoid muscle).
1069:
655:
8:
212:laterally (around the ramus of the mandible)
384:Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery
375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
357:
241:mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
86:Approximate location of infratemporal space
1496:
1353:
1344:
1102:
1076:
1062:
1054:
662:
648:
640:
459:Journal of the American Dental Association
44:
24:
629:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
568:
558:
517:
430:
353:
172:the lateral pterygoid muscle superiorly
619:
609:
96:
15:
291:(which gives the motor supply to the
7:
380:Hupp JR, Ellis E, Tucker MR (2008).
1729:Fascial spaces of the head and neck
121:spaces or tissue spaces). It is a
115:fascial space of the head and neck
14:
224:deep temporal/infratemporal space
432:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01312.x
270:solution is deposited during an
1018:Plica semilunaris of the fauces
471:10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0278
235:In health, the space contains:
1744:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
194:to the buccal space anteriorly
129:and the medial surface of the
1:
272:inferior alveolar nerve block
594:Cohen's pathways of the pulp
293:muscles of facial expression
158:the posterior border of the
70:Superficial temporal space,
1324:Enterochromaffin-like cells
1760:
703:Labial commissure of mouth
66:Medial ptaerygoid muscle,
62:Lateral pterygoid muscle,
547:Case Reports in Dentistry
419:Australian Dental Journal
255:sphenomandibular ligament
91:
82:Pterygomandibular space,
43:
23:
248:inferior alveolar artery
199:lateral pharyngeal space
127:lateral pterygoid muscle
1648:External anal sphincter
1643:Intersphincteric groove
1638:Internal anal sphincter
1155:Pterygomandibular raphe
898:Tubarial salivary gland
326:) and deviation of the
285:intravascular injection
117:(sometimes also termed
111:pterygomandibular space
19:Pterygomandibular space
1429:Duodenojejunal flexure
1424:Minor duodenal papilla
1419:Major duodenal papilla
1170:Pharyngobasilar fascia
1165:Buccopharyngeal fascia
1086:gastrointestinal tract
985:Glossoepiglottic folds
510:10.5681/joddd.2008.008
343:Odontogenic infections
338:Odontogenic infections
303:, e.g. of a maxillary
280:needle tract infection
145:Location and structure
93:Anatomical terminology
1386:Enteroendocrine cells
1033:Palatopharyngeal arch
807:Mucogingival junction
802:Junctional epithelium
698:Frenulum of lower lip
332:incision and drainage
131:ramus of the mandible
78:Submasseteric space,
74:Deep temporal space,
36:ramus of the mandible
842:Periodontal ligament
1739:Otorhinolaryngology
1319:Gastric chief cells
980:Sublingual caruncle
874:Submandibular gland
812:Sulcular epithelium
782:Interdental papilla
560:10.1155/2013/392148
309:mandibular fracture
210:submasseteric space
203:peritonsillar space
150:Anatomic boundaries
54:Temporalis muscle,
1028:Palatoglossal arch
622:has generic name (
324:Palatoglossal arch
262:Clinical relevance
1716:
1715:
1708:Muscularis mucosa
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1570:epiploic appendix
1486:
1485:
1414:Suspensory muscle
1376:Intestinal glands
1334:
1333:
1051:
1050:
603:978-0-323-06489-7
301:dental extraction
107:
106:
102:
58:Masseter muscle,
1751:
1590:Transverse folds
1547:Descending colon
1537:Transverse colon
1497:
1451:No substructures
1434:Brunner's glands
1364:Intestinal villi
1354:
1345:
1244:Angular incisure
1160:Pharyngeal raphe
1128:retropharyngeal
1103:
1088:, excluding the
1078:
1071:
1064:
1055:
886:Sublingual gland
764:Incisive papilla
688:Vermilion border
664:
657:
650:
641:
635:
634:
627:
621:
617:
615:
607:
589:
583:
582:
572:
562:
538:
532:
531:
521:
489:
483:
482:
454:
445:
444:
434:
410:
404:
403:
387:
377:
268:local anesthetic
139:masticator space
99:edit on Wikidata
48:
28:
16:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1652:
1599:
1576:
1542:Splenic flexure
1532:Hepatic flexure
1527:Ascending colon
1513:
1492:Large intestine
1482:
1478:Microfold cells
1473:Peyer's patches
1468:Ileocecal valve
1454:
1438:
1400:
1349:Small intestine
1330:
1217:
1179:
1133:parapharyngeal
1123:peripharyngeal
1092:
1084:Anatomy of the
1082:
1052:
1047:
1043:Palatine tonsil
1038:Tonsillar fossa
996:
975:Fimbriated fold
960:Lingual tonsils
950:Terminal sulcus
923:
902:
848:
797:Gingival fibers
792:Gingival margin
787:Gingival sulcus
768:
735:
717:
674:
670:Anatomy of the
668:
638:
628:
618:
608:
604:
591:
590:
586:
540:
539:
535:
491:
490:
486:
456:
455:
448:
412:
411:
407:
400:
379:
378:
355:
351:
340:
264:
233:
188:
152:
147:
123:potential space
103:
87:
39:
12:
11:
5:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Circular folds
1695:
1690:
1688:Muscular layer
1685:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:Pectinate line
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:Parietal cells
1311:
1309:Foveolar cells
1306:
1304:Pyloric glands
1301:
1296:
1294:Cardiac glands
1291:
1289:Gastric glands
1286:
1278:
1273:
1271:Gastric mucosa
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1175:Pyriform sinus
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:retrovisceral
1135:
1130:
1125:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
994:
993:
992:
990:Lingual septum
987:
982:
977:
972:
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
933:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
912:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
894:
893:
883:
882:
881:
871:
870:
869:
858:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
778:
776:
770:
769:
767:
766:
761:
759:Palatine raphe
756:
751:
745:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
731:Buccal fat pad
727:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
684:
682:
676:
675:
669:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
637:
636:
602:
584:
533:
484:
446:
405:
398:
352:
350:
347:
339:
336:
263:
260:
259:
258:
251:
244:
232:
229:
228:
227:
220:
213:
206:
195:
187:
186:Communications
184:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
163:
151:
148:
146:
143:
105:
104:
95:
89:
88:
49:
41:
40:
32:zygomatic arch
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1756:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1552:Sigmoid colon
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Fundic glands
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:Microanatomy
1279:
1277:
1276:Gastric folds
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:Back of mouth
999:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
961:
958:
956:
955:Foramen cecum
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Median sulcus
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
920:
919:
918:tooth anatomy
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
899:
896:
892:
889:
888:
887:
884:
880:
877:
876:
875:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
862:Parotid gland
860:
859:
857:
855:
851:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
775:
771:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
744:
742:
738:
732:
729:
728:
726:
724:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
681:
677:
673:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
645:
642:
632:
625:
613:
605:
599:
595:
588:
585:
580:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
537:
534:
529:
525:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
488:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
451:
447:
442:
438:
433:
428:
425:(2): 112–21.
424:
420:
416:
409:
406:
401:
399:9780323049030
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1628:Anal sinuses
1618:Anal columns
1396:Paneth cells
1391:Goblet cells
1357:Microanatomy
1284:Gastric pits
1148:prevertebral
915:
822:Periodontium
593:
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504:(1): 38–41.
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305:wisdom tooth
297:facial palsy
289:facial nerve
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160:buccal space
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135:compartments
110:
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1623:Anal valves
1560:taenia coli
1556:Continuous
1381:Enterocytes
1230:Curvatures
1192:Sphincters
754:Soft palate
749:Hard palate
693:Cupid's bow
620:|last=
219:posteriorly
169:posteriorly
1723:Categories
1678:Adventitia
1605:Anal canal
1369:Microvilli
1008:Oropharynx
966:Underside
713:White roll
349:References
276:pathogenic
226:superiorly
162:anteriorly
1693:Submucosa
1683:Subserosa
1185:Esophagus
940:Taste bud
817:Stippling
612:cite book
250:and vein,
1509:Appendix
1406:Duodenum
970:Frenulum
832:Philtrum
827:Cementum
708:Philtrum
579:23476814
528:23285329
479:10332133
441:21623801
320:erythema
283:risk of
231:Contents
34:and the
1595:Ampulla
1565:haustra
1444:Jejunum
1266:Pylorus
1234:greater
1223:Stomach
1119:Spaces
1115:Muscles
1107:Pharynx
837:Gingiva
570:3580928
553:: 1–4.
519:3533637
316:trismus
222:to the
215:to the
208:to the
197:to the
137:of the
119:fascial
1703:Mucosa
1674:Serosa
1582:Rectum
1261:Fundus
1251:Cardia
1239:lesser
1208:glands
1143:danger
1013:fauces
929:Tongue
854:Glands
741:Palate
600:
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392:–333.
1734:Mouth
1519:Colon
1501:Cecum
1460:Ileum
1340:Lower
1201:lower
1196:upper
1098:Upper
1090:mouth
1023:Uvula
908:Teeth
723:Cheek
672:mouth
328:uvula
113:is a
97:[
1666:Wall
1613:Anus
1256:Body
1213:crop
936:Top
916:see
891:duct
879:duct
867:duct
774:Gums
631:link
624:help
598:ISBN
575:PMID
551:2013
524:PMID
475:PMID
437:PMID
394:ISBN
307:. A
253:the
246:the
239:the
201:and
165:the
109:The
680:Lip
565:PMC
555:doi
514:PMC
506:doi
467:doi
463:130
427:doi
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101:]
84:I
80:H
76:G
72:F
68:E
64:D
60:C
56:B
52:A
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