1832:
1946:
7907:
1176:
2020:
1260:
2185:
6674:
2340:
5476:
178:
1891:
140:
1772:
5482:
1249:
979:
1193:
2090:
4859:
6690:
7914:
4864:
154:
4318:
7920:
4326:
4333:
6682:
1917:, hatching with sufficient size and ability for flight. If precocious, Bennett suggested that clutches would be small, with only one or two eggs laid per clutch, to compensate for the relatively large size of the hatchings. Bennett did not speculate on which possibility was more likely, though the discovery of a pterosaur embryo (
1867:
also developed a strong upward "hook" at the end of the lower jaw. The number of teeth remained constant from juvenile to adult, though the teeth became relatively shorter and stockier as the animals grew, possibly to accommodate larger and more powerful prey. The pelvic and pectoral girdles fused as
2043:
it has hatchet-shaped deltopectoral crests, a short torso and short legs, all features associated with water based launching in pterosaurs. Its feet are broad and large, being useful for propulsion, and the predicted floating position is adequate by pterosaur standards. The animal's ability to swim
2311:
a skull with lower jaws that is now lost. This set of jaws supposedly differed in having two teeth united at the tip of the lower jaw, and none at the tip of the upper jaw. The skull was 6.5–7.0 cm (2.6–2.8 in), making it a small form. Stolley, who described the specimen in 1936, argued
2072:
by using a statistical analysis, and found that the specimens did indeed group together into small-headed and large-headed sets. However, without any known variation in the actual form of the bones or soft tissue (morphological differences), he found the case for sexual dimorphism inconclusive. A
1809:
specimen, evidenced by an impression in the surrounding rock and a few small fragments of the crest itself. However, subsequent examination of this specimen by
Wellnhofer in 1975 and Bennett in 2002 using both visible and ultraviolet light found no trace of a crest; both concluded that Broili was
1239:
were recognized from the
Solnhofen limestone of Germany, with a few others having been named from Africa, Spain, and the UK based on fragmentary remains. Most of the Solnhofen species were differentiated based on their relative size, and size-related features, such as the relative length of the
3143:
Witmer, L.M., S. Chatterjee, J. Franzosa, T. Rowe, and R. C. Ridgely. (2004). "Neuroanatomy and vestibular apparatus of pterosaurs: Implications for flight, posture, and behavior." Annual
Meeting of the Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology, New Orleans, LA.
1787:
would be the largest known non-pterodactyloid pterosaur and one of the largest pterosaurs known from the
Jurassic. This specimen represents an individual around 180% the size of the next largest specimen of the genus, with an estimated wingspan of over 3 metres.
2113:
of fossil skulls. Using comparisons to modern animals, they were able to estimate various physical attributes of pterosaurs, including relative head orientation during flight and coordination of the wing membrane muscles. Witmer and his team found that
1957:
specimens fit into discrete year-classes, Bennett was able to estimate the growth rate during one year by comparing the size of one-year-old specimens with two-year-old specimens. He found that the average growth rate during the first year of life for
1298:, representing distinct age groups, with the smaller species being juveniles and the larger adults. Bennett's paper did not cover the British and African species, though he suggested that these should be considered indeterminate members of the family
1293:
In 1995, pterosaur researcher Chris
Bennett published an extensive review of the currently recognized German species. Bennett concluded that all the supposedly distinct German species were actually different year-classes of a single species,
1783:(catalog number BMNH 37002) measures 1.26 meters (4.1 ft) long with a wingspan of 1.81 meters (5.9 ft). A very large, fragmentary rhamphorhynchid specimen from Ettling in Germany may also belong to the genus, in which case
1804:
lacked any bony or soft tissue crest, as seen in several species of contemporary small pterodactyloid pterosaurs. Broili claimed to have found a two-millimeter-tall crest made of thin bone that ran much of the skull's length in one
1862:
had relatively short skulls with large eyes, and the toothless beak-like tips of the jaws were shorter in juveniles than adults, with rounded, blunt lower jaw tips eventually becoming slender and pointed as the animals grew. Adult
1936:
could fly soon after hatching, supporting the theory of precociality in the species. It has also been suggested that juveniles may have occupied different sequential niches throughout their growth as they matured.
1908:
specimen has a wingspan of only 290 millimeters (11.4 in); however, it is likely that even such a small individual was capable of flight. Bennett examined two possibilities for hatchlings: that they were
2007:, Bennett suggested, may have basked in the sun or worked their muscles to accumulate enough energy for bouts of flight, and cooled to ambient temperature when not active to save energy, like modern
1983:, meaning that the animals reached a fixed maximum adult size and stopped growing. Previous assumptions of rapid growth rate in rhamphorhynchoids were based on the assumption that they needed to be
1050:. This was first mentioned in 1830 by Graf zu Münster himself. However, the description making the name valid was given by Goldfuss in an 1831 follow-up to Münster's short paper. Note that the
1228:
declined to designate a neotype in his 1975 review of the genus, because a number of high-quality casts of the original specimen were still available in museum collections. These can serve as
8091:
1831:
2068:
length. Both researchers noted that these two groups of specimens were found in roughly a 1:1 ratio, and interpreted them as different sexes. Bennett tested for sexual dimorphism in
3090:
2283:
was pulled backward into the distorted position seen in the fossil. The encounter resulted in the death of both individuals, most likely because the two animals sank into an
1921:) with strongly ossified bones suggests that pterosaurs in general were precocial, able to fly soon after hatching with minimal parental care. This theory was contested by a
1051:
2316:
also should be reclassified in the genus "Odontorhynchus". Both Koh and
Wellnhofer rejected this idea, arguing instead that "Odontorhynchus" was a junior synonym of
8012:
1945:
1843:
has been taken to represent species variation. However, in a 1995 paper, Bennett argued that these "species" actually represent year-classes of a single species,
2039:
is often depicted as an aerial piscivore, recent evidence suggests that, much like most modern aquatic birds, it probably foraged while swimming. Like several
2279:
in the process. The teeth in its snout were ensnared in the fibrous tissue of the wing membrane, and as the fish thrashed to release itself the left wing of
8066:
1020:
in 1825. Von Sömmerring concluded that it belonged to an ancient bird. When further preparation uncovered teeth, Graf zu Münster sent a cast to
Professor
7999:
962:. Many of these fossils preserve not only the bones but impressions of soft tissues, such as wing membranes. Scattered teeth believed to belong to
8086:
7977:
3319:
2780:"Die Spur einer Spur – ein möglicher erster Flugsaurier aus Ettling Trace of a trace – a putative first pterosaur from the Ettling locality"
8071:
2710:
7906:
1966:. Growth likely slowed considerably after sexual maturity, so it would have taken more than three years to attain maximum adult size.
1112:. In a subsequent 1846 paper describing a new species of long-tailed 'pterodactyl', von Meyer decided that the long-tailed forms of
1093:
911:
housed needle-like teeth, which were angled forward, with a curved, sharp, beak-like tip lacking teeth, indicating a diet mainly of
271:
2378:
1623:
1013:
2358:
2287:
layer in the water body, depriving the fish of oxygen. The two may have been preserved together as the weight of the head of
2044:
may account for the genus' generally excellent fossil record, being in a position where preservation would be much easier.
177:
6673:
5481:
5475:
1463:
2077:., suggests that the high degree of tail variation in mature specimens may represent increased sexual selection in
1640:
1391:
8076:
4858:
3312:
2064:, differentiated by the proportions of the neck, wing, and hind limbs, but particularly in the ratio of skull to
1408:
2841:
2711:"Evidence for the presence of Rhamphorhynchus (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchinae) in the Kimmeridge Clay of the UK"
1235:
By the 1990s (and following
Wellnhofer's consolidation of many previously named species), about five species of
8081:
3416:
3282:
Stolley, E. (1936). "Odontorhynchus aculeatus novo. gen. novo. sp., Ein neuer
Rhamphorhynchide von Solnhofen".
2353:
1599:
1175:
1995:, normally show rapid growth to adult size and determinate growth. Because there is no evidence for either in
1017:
1005:, is complex, with a long history of reclassification under a variety of names, often for the same specimens.
297:
4317:
3164:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in
Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
4894:
2807:
Sitzungs-Berichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung
2389:
1532:
1125:
31:
4863:
4325:
2156:, and may have had activity patterns similar to those of modern nocturnal seabirds. This may also indicate
7939:
7814:
5972:
2132:
2019:
1549:
1501:
7913:
2681:
Wellnhofer, P. (1975). "Die Rhamphorhynchoidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands".
8038:
7919:
2136:, appear to have normally held their heads at a downward angle, both in flight and while on the ground.
1021:
326:
2523:
Münster, G.G. (1839). "Ueber einige neue Versteinerungen in der lithographischen Schiefer von Baiern".
2184:
6689:
1851:
to adults. Following from this interpretation, Bennett found several notable changes that occurred in
1259:
1085:, meaning "long tail", to differentiate it from the specimens with short tails (the true specimens of
7986:
6067:
4506:
4416:
4332:
3305:
3236:
3173:
2929:
2420:
1325:, a local collector of the fossils of the Kimmeridge Clay. It is distinguished from other species of
6681:
2243:, in its throat. This slab, cataloged as WDC CSG 255, may represent two levels of predation; one by
7571:
7260:
6947:
6246:
6173:
3941:
3661:
2409:"The Late Jurassic pterosaur Rhamphorhynchus, a frequent victim of the ganoid fish Aspidorhynchus?"
2345:
2053:
1810:
mistaken. The supposed crest, they concluded, was simply an artifact of preservation. The teeth of
951:
1979:, which attained near-adult size within the first year of life. Additionally, pterodactyloids had
7100:
5574:
5417:
4560:
4363:
4350:
4264:
4106:
3737:
3712:
3197:
2894:
2845:
2760:
2656:
2157:
994:
408:
172:
2271:
would have attacked from below the water, accidentally puncturing the left wing membrane of the
978:
147:
Cast of the first specimen found with wing membranes, Musée de sciences naturelles de Bruxelles
8043:
8025:
8017:
7526:
6341:
6270:
5512:
5499:
5442:
5205:
5103:
5005:
4923:
4701:
4678:
4644:
4574:
4115:
4031:
3983:
3957:
3670:
3575:
3264:
3189:
3126:
3045:
2957:
2886:
2448:
2276:
1890:
1486:
1441:
1299:
235:
8030:
1224:, is designated as the type specimen if the original is lost or deemed too poorly preserved.
7755:
7638:
7630:
7422:
7351:
7276:
6818:
6721:
6708:
6640:
6520:
6509:
5759:
5616:
5553:
5328:
5310:
5148:
4972:
4788:
4774:
4732:
4238:
4224:
4156:
3835:
3385:
3254:
3244:
3181:
3116:
3106:
3035:
3025:
2992:
2947:
2937:
2876:
2837:
2752:
2725:
2648:
2438:
2428:
2127:
2057:
1970:
1797:
1225:
1067:
1024:, who recognised it as a pterosaur. Like most pterosaurs described in the mid 19th century,
823:
251:
7844:
7687:
7536:
7321:
7225:
7200:
7193:
7180:
7113:
6999:
6897:
6863:
6759:
6739:
6593:
6451:
6392:
6379:
6350:
6226:
6137:
5996:
5869:
5824:
5696:
5625:
5604:
5430:
5091:
5071:
5043:
5019:
4955:
4947:
4940:
4932:
4687:
4667:
4497:
4473:
4423:
4231:
4214:
4204:
4137:
4129:
4097:
4086:
4065:
4019:
4011:
3950:
3866:
3806:
3725:
3694:
3584:
3563:
3516:
3401:
3376:
2102:
1318:
139:
2486:
Münster, G. Graf zu. (1830). "Nachtrag zu der Abhandlung des Professor Goldfuss über den
1306:
itself. Despite the reduction of the genus to a single species, the type species remains
17:
3240:
3177:
3121:
2933:
2602:
Palaeontology, or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geological Relations
2424:
1929:
that showed the initial rapid growth was followed by a prolonged period of slow growth.
7821:
7794:
7772:
7596:
7510:
7495:
7447:
7386:
7371:
7337:
7162:
7146:
7134:
7120:
7073:
7030:
6990:
6904:
6850:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6536:
6443:
6364:
6291:
6202:
5958:
5850:
5785:
5726:
5666:
5632:
5352:
5279:
5251:
5170:
5120:
5059:
5028:
4628:
4604:
4582:
4528:
4486:
4430:
4398:
4079:
3996:
3973:
3852:
3778:
3746:
3599:
3548:
3496:
3259:
3216:
3040:
3013:
2952:
2913:
2443:
2408:
2221:
2204:
2145:
1725:
1709:
1430:
1280:
1229:
1221:
1165:
1129:
894:
550:
2824:
Bennett, S.C. (2002). "Soft tissue preservation of the cranial crest of the pterosaur
2089:
1771:
1248:
1192:
8060:
7858:
7829:
7805:
7786:
7744:
7729:
7678:
7667:
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7378:
7364:
7305:
7283:
7234:
7127:
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6529:
6400:
6283:
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6004:
5876:
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5715:
5652:
5596:
5361:
5317:
5198:
5191:
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5177:
5162:
5112:
5036:
4993:
4986:
4912:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4594:
4536:
4521:
4514:
4462:
4245:
3914:
3874:
3824:
3793:
3754:
3649:
3641:
3619:
3523:
3507:
2779:
2284:
2172:
2166:
2040:
2028:
1342:
1030:
1002:
899:
871:
757:
467:
90:
48:
3201:
2849:
2764:
2660:
2504:
Goldfuss, G.A. (1831). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis verschiedener Reptilien der Vorwelt".
1913:, requiring some period of parental care before leaving the nest, or that they were
7851:
7779:
7650:
7545:
7479:
7431:
7241:
7169:
7047:
7015:
6783:
6550:
6478:
6419:
6314:
5951:
5936:
5920:
5911:
5900:
5740:
5703:
5589:
5539:
5382:
5295:
5288:
5268:
5240:
5233:
5219:
5212:
5127:
5084:
5051:
4767:
4709:
4652:
4637:
4617:
4442:
4173:
4165:
4145:
4072:
4051:
4044:
3899:
3687:
3633:
3592:
2898:
2591:, zwei fossile Reptilien aus der Kalkschiefer von Solenhofen." 4X, Frankfurt, 22 p.
2393:
2239:
2194:
1984:
1357:
1351:
1322:
1217:
1205:
1153:
1140:
to a full-fledged genus, and officially included in it both long-tailed species of
745:
374:
280:
2975:
Hone, D.W.E.; Ratcliffe, J.M.; Riskin, D.K.; Hermanson, J.W.; Reisz, R.R. (2020).
2639:
from the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany: Year-classes of a single large species".
153:
3249:
3153:
2942:
2918:
inferred from bone histology and the diversity of pterosaurian growth strategies"
2729:
2433:
7971:
7737:
7697:
7616:
7580:
7314:
7089:
7022:
6965:
6911:
6768:
6436:
6307:
6299:
6259:
6218:
6210:
6085:
6052:
6020:
6012:
5983:
5944:
5928:
5887:
5816:
5808:
5801:
5747:
5688:
5680:
5341:
5303:
5226:
4881:
4814:
4781:
4717:
4058:
3927:
3882:
3859:
3534:
2506:
Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum
2320:. Bennett agreed with their assessments, and included both "Odontorhynchus" and
1875:. In juveniles, the vane was shallow relative to the tail and roughly oval, or "
1369:
1185:
65:
2003:
metabolism, though he recommended more studies needed to be done. Cold-blooded
1818:
diet. There are twenty teeth in the upper jaws and fourteen in the lower jaws.
7705:
7660:
7588:
7463:
7455:
7290:
7269:
7214:
7082:
7057:
7007:
6972:
6918:
6806:
6798:
6791:
6543:
6466:
6458:
6357:
6321:
6159:
6060:
6039:
6028:
5965:
5582:
5375:
5368:
4803:
4694:
3701:
3358:
2912:
Prondvai, E.; Stein, K.; Ősi, A.; Sander, M. P. (2012). Soares, Daphne (ed.).
2756:
2745:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2652:
2335:
2216:
2161:
1975:
916:
110:
75:
7962:
7765:
7207:
7155:
6877:
6870:
6838:
6776:
6502:
6495:
6487:
6407:
6185:
6151:
6101:
6094:
5831:
5769:
5673:
5261:
4660:
4377:
4004:
3844:
3679:
3556:
3478:
3465:
3428:
3367:
3328:
3185:
2153:
2123:
2000:
1963:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1848:
1815:
1345:
analysis published by Brian Andres & Timothy Myers in 2013. The species
1338:
1116:
were different enough from the short-tailed forms to warrant placement in a
1073:
In 1839, Münster described another specimen that he considered to belong to
924:
886:
393:
222:
189:
115:
59:
52:
3268:
3193:
3130:
3049:
2961:
2890:
2452:
7956:
7837:
7721:
7713:
7487:
7471:
7402:
6979:
6329:
6234:
6166:
5838:
5793:
5566:
4795:
4455:
3352:
2308:
1884:
1880:
1868:
the animals aged, with full pectoral fusion attained by one year of age.
1272:
1169:
1117:
982:
967:
943:
904:
890:
209:
161:
105:
100:
85:
80:
70:
3284:
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilage-Band
3111:
3072:
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilage-Band
2544:
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde
1349:
was recovered within the family Rhamphorhynchidae, sister taxon to both
1172:
also was sold to the Teylers Museum, where it still resides as TM 6924.
8004:
3030:
2264:
2199:
2110:
2065:
2008:
1876:
1329:
by "the unique length ratio between wing phalanx 1 and wing phalanx 2"
1284:
1133:
959:
955:
939:
306:
120:
95:
2997:
2976:
2475:
The Illustrated Directory of Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Creatures
2251:. In a 2012 description of WDC CSG 255, researchers proposed that the
1871:
The shape of the tail vane also changed across various age classes of
907:, which ended in a characteristic soft-tissue tail vane. The mouth of
6428:
6195:
5777:
4385:
4252:
3346:
2383:
2081:, though it is equally likely a result of reduced flight constraint.
1128:
that was later by von Gemming sold for three hundred guilders to the
931:
199:
7933:
2881:
2864:
2105:
studied the brain anatomy of several types of pterosaurs, including
2118:
held its head parallel to the ground due to the orientation of the
1317:
was named for associated remains of a left and right wing from the
5526:
4122:
2183:
2088:
2018:
1944:
1889:
1830:
1770:
1191:
1174:
977:
947:
882:
7991:
2211:
Several limestone slabs have been discovered in which fossils of
1988:
1204:, remained misclassified until a re-evaluation was published by
912:
7937:
6706:
5497:
4879:
4348:
3463:
3339:
3301:
1034:. However, at the time, many scientists incorrectly considered
3297:
1992:
1839:
Traditionally, the large size variation between specimens of
1321:
in the United Kingdom, the name commemorates the discoverer,
1058:, would not be allowed in scientific names, and the spelling
2152:
and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been
2109:, using endocasts of the brain they retrieved by performing
1987:
to sustain active flight. Warm-blooded animals, like modern
1969:
This growth rate is much slower than the rate seen in large
2842:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0043:STPOTC]2.0.CO;2
2466:
2464:
2462:
859:
853:
841:
30:
For the orchid genus which formerly had the same name, see
2525:
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie
1962:
was 130% to 173%, slightly faster than the growth rate in
1108:
had been by that point recognized as having priority over
2743:
Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs".
1814:
intermesh when the jaw is closed and are suggestive of a
893:
period. Less specialized than contemporary, short-tailed
850:
832:
27:
Genus of rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic
1054:
later ruled that non-standard Latin characters, such as
2542:
Meyer, H. von. (1845). "System der fossilen Saurier ".
1932:
In 2020, published ontogenetic analyses indicated that
3014:"Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?"
1999:, Bennett considered his findings consistent with an
1879:-shaped". As growth progressed, the tail vane became
1271:
specimen at Lauer Foundation for Paleontology (top);
1216:, described by Münster and Goldfuss, was lost during
862:
856:
838:
826:
2709:
O'Sullivan, Michael; Martill, David M. (June 2015).
847:
829:
382:
361:
347:
333:
315:
287:
7946:
7804:
7754:
7686:
7677:
7649:
7614:
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7535:
7525:
7421:
7350:
7335:
7304:
7259:
7224:
7179:
7145:
7099:
7072:
7045:
6989:
6945:
6887:
6849:
6817:
6758:
6749:
6719:
6639:
6519:
6477:
6418:
6378:
6340:
6269:
6245:
6184:
6135:
6084:
6038:
5982:
5910:
5886:
5858:
5849:
5758:
5724:
5713:
5650:
5615:
5552:
5537:
5510:
5441:
5416:
5351:
5327:
5278:
5250:
5146:
5102:
5070:
5018:
5003:
4970:
4922:
4892:
4813:
4731:
4677:
4627:
4603:
4592:
4558:
4496:
4472:
4441:
4396:
4361:
4263:
4213:
4203:
4155:
4105:
4096:
4030:
3982:
3971:
3940:
3925:
3897:
3834:
3804:
3776:
3736:
3711:
3669:
3660:
3617:
3574:
3533:
3506:
3476:
3427:
3400:
3095:
implications for flight and socio-sexual signaling"
844:
835:
2130:. In contrast, pterodactyloid pterosaurs, such as
1796:Contrary to a 1927 report by pterosaur researcher
1148:(the original species preserving a long tail) and
2977:"Unique near isometric ontogeny in the pterosaur
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
1136:. It was not until 1847 that von Meyer elevated
8092:Taxa named by Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer
2635:Bennett, S. C. (1995). "A statistical study of
2630:
2237:also has the remains of a small fish, possibly
1897:, a small specimen that might be a juvenile of
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
1001:, like many pterosaur species known since the
3313:
3066:Koh (1937). "Untersuchungen über die Gattung
2778:Spindler, Frederik; Ifrim, Christina (2021).
2477:. London: Salamander Books, Ltd. Pp. 302-305.
1835:Specimen with tail vane, Royal Ontario Museum
1081:), with a distinctive long tail. He named it
1028:was originally considered to be a species of
950:, the best preserved specimens come from the
705:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) hirundinaceus
8:
2865:"Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous"
2225:. In one of these specimens, the jaws of an
2160:with contemporary pterosaurs inferred to be
1124:after a specimen owned by collector Captain
488:Rhamphorhynchus (Odontorhynchus) longicaudus
3089:Habib, Michael B.; Hone, David WE. (2024).
2604:. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, 1-463.
2589:Rhamphorhynchus (Pterodactylus) longicaudus
2060:recognized two distinct groups among adult
1208:in an 1861 book, in which he renamed it as
1183:, shown with tracks now known to belong to
7934:
7683:
7622:
7532:
7356:
7347:
7343:
7301:
7297:
7185:
7105:
7069:
7065:
6957:
6953:
6855:
6823:
6755:
6731:
6727:
6716:
6703:
6636:
6474:
6415:
6384:
6275:
6251:
6143:
6044:
5988:
5907:
5892:
5855:
5732:
5721:
5658:
5558:
5549:
5545:
5518:
5507:
5494:
5422:
5413:
5333:
5154:
5076:
5015:
5011:
4978:
4904:
4900:
4889:
4876:
4737:
4609:
4600:
4566:
4478:
4447:
4408:
4404:
4369:
4358:
4345:
4210:
4102:
4036:
3988:
3979:
3937:
3933:
3906:
3816:
3812:
3785:
3717:
3666:
3625:
3540:
3488:
3484:
3473:
3460:
3406:
3397:
3336:
3320:
3306:
3298:
3091:"Intraspecific variation in the pterosaur
3061:
3059:
2718:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
152:
138:
38:
3258:
3248:
3120:
3110:
3039:
3029:
2996:
2951:
2941:
2880:
2442:
2432:
2188:Fossil specimen WDC CSG 255, including a
606:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) muensteri
2563:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) gemmingi
2215:are found in close association with the
1122:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) gemmingi
1096:officially emended the original species
923:abdominal contents, as well as in their
669:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) gemmingi
3221:, a frequent victim of the ganoid fish
2370:
517:
464:
423:
2565:aus dem Kalkschiefer von Solenhofen".
2101:In 2003, a team of researchers led by
1179:One of the first ever restorations of
633:Pterodactylus (Ornithopterus) lavateri
2801:Broili, F. (1927). "Ein Exemplar von
2097:flying over the sea in Solnhofen area
903:, it had a long tail, stiffened with
7:
7978:Rhamphorhynchus (Rhamphorhynchidae)
3146:Integrative and Comparative Biology
2291:held down the much lighter body of
1701:
1615:
1591:
1524:
1517:
1493:
1455:
1448:
1436:
1383:
1376:
1364:
1220:. If available, a new specimen, or
8067:Late Jurassic pterosaurs of Europe
3215:Frey, E.; Tischlinger, H. (2012).
2830:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2407:Frey, E.; Tischlinger, H. (2012).
2093:Life reconstruction of a flock of
1341:of below is the result of a large
25:
7918:
7912:
7905:
6688:
6680:
6672:
5480:
5474:
4862:
4857:
4331:
4324:
4316:
2338:
1949:Cast of the "dark wing" specimen
1258:
1247:
1012:was brought to the attention of
919:remains are frequently found in
822:
176:
1624:Angustinaripterus longicephalus
1302:and not necessarily species of
1120:, and he named his new species
1046:was therefore originally named
2981:suggests hatchlings could fly"
2359:Timeline of pterosaur research
2259:while it was swimming. As the
2229:pass through the wings of the
1779:The largest known specimen of
934:remains possibly belonging to
357:O'Sullivan & Martill, 2015
1:
8087:Fossil taxa described in 1846
3217:"The Late Jurassic pterosaur
2805:mit Resten von Schwimmhaut".
2473:In: Cranfield, Ingrid (ed.).
2255:individual had just caught a
2202:and caught in the jaws of an
2126:, which helps animals detect
2073:2024 study by Habib and Hone
714:Rhamphorhynchus hirundinaceus
3250:10.1371/journal.pone.0031945
2943:10.1371/journal.pone.0031392
2730:10.1016/j.pgeola.2015.03.003
2434:10.1371/journal.pone.0031945
1887:in the largest individuals.
1014:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
1008:The first named specimen of
792:Rhamphorhynchus megadactylus
8072:Jurassic reptiles of Africa
2863:Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2004).
1464:Scaphognathus crassirostris
1315:Rhamphorhynchus, R. etchesi
1083:Ornithocephalus longicaudus
765:Pteromonodactylus phyllurus
696:Pterodactylus hirundinaceus
651:Ornithocephalus secundarius
479:Ornithocephalus longicaudus
8108:
3093:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri—
1641:Sericipterus wucaiwanensis
1392:Campylognathoides liasicus
1313:In 2015, a new species of
974:History and classification
732:Rhamphorhynchus longimanus
723:Rhamphorhynchus curtimanus
497:Odontorhynchus longicaudus
29:
7902:
7625:
7359:
7346:
7300:
7188:
7108:
7068:
6960:
6956:
6858:
6826:
6734:
6730:
6715:
6702:
6669:
6635:
6387:
6278:
6254:
6146:
6047:
5991:
5895:
5735:
5661:
5561:
5548:
5521:
5506:
5493:
5471:
5425:
5412:
5336:
5157:
5079:
5014:
4981:
4907:
4903:
4888:
4875:
4855:
4740:
4612:
4569:
4481:
4450:
4411:
4407:
4372:
4357:
4344:
4313:
4039:
3991:
3936:
3909:
3819:
3815:
3788:
3720:
3628:
3543:
3491:
3487:
3472:
3459:
3409:
3396:
3335:
2757:10.1017/S1755691013000303
2653:10.1017/S0022336000034946
2107:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
2062:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
1845:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
1781:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
1723:
1706:
1699:
1637:
1620:
1613:
1596:
1589:
1567:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
1563:
1546:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1498:
1491:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1434:
1409:Campylognathoides zitteli
1405:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1038:to be the valid name for
801:Rhamphorhynchus carnegiei
774:Rhamphorhynchus longiceps
753:Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus
642:Pterodactylus secundarius
588:Ornithocephalus muensteri
520:Ornithocephalus giganteus
414:
407:
312:
305:
292:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
286:
279:
173:Scientific classification
171:
160:
151:
146:
137:
41:
18:Pterodactylus longicaudus
2583:Meyer, H. von. (1847). "
2561:Meyer, H. von. (1846). "
2488:Ornithocephalus Münsteri
2354:List of pterosaur genera
2263:was travelling down its
2144:Comparisons between the
1600:Harpactognathus gentryii
1210:Rhamphorhynchus münsteri
1098:Ornithocephalus münsteri
1048:Ornithocephalus Münsteri
687:Rhamphorhynchus suevicus
678:Ornithocephalus gemmingi
4895:Archaeopterodactyloidea
3186:10.1126/science.1200043
2641:Journal of Paleontology
2585:Homeosaurus maximiliani
2390:Oxford University Press
2140:Daily activity patterns
1953:Having determined that
1533:Cacibupteryx caribensis
1212:. The type specimen of
993:The classification and
597:Pterodactylus muensteri
575:Rhamphorhynchus grandis
562:Ornithocephalus grandis
533:Pterodactylus giganteus
32:Rhamphorhynchus (plant)
3012:Witton, M. P. (2015).
2208:
2098:
2032:
1950:
1901:
1836:
1776:
1550:Nesodactylus hesperius
1502:Dorygnathus banthensis
1202:Pterodactylus münsteri
1200:The original species,
1197:
1189:
1126:Carl Eming von Gemming
1102:Pterodactylus münsteri
990:
989:as illustrated in 1851
881:meaning "snout") is a
783:Rhamphorhynchus kokeni
741:Rhamphorhynchus meyeri
660:Pterodactylus gemmingi
624:Ornithopterus lavateri
615:Pterodactylus lavateri
8039:Paleobiology Database
2386:UK English Dictionary
2187:
2092:
2022:
1948:
1893:
1883:-shaped, and finally
1834:
1774:
1195:
1178:
1022:Georg August Goldfuss
1018:Georg Graf zu Münster
981:
930:Although fragmentary
546:Pterodactylus grandis
4507:Archaeoistiodactylus
4417:Archaeoistiodactylus
2198:fish trapped in the
1973:pterosaurs, such as
1855:as the animal aged.
7572:Targaryendraconidae
7261:Ornithocheiriformes
6948:Ornithocheiromorpha
6247:Neopterodactyloidea
6174:Dsungaripteromorpha
3942:Campylognathoididae
3662:Eudimorphodontoidea
3241:2012PLoSO...731945F
3178:2011Sci...332..705S
3112:10.7717/peerj.17524
2934:2012PLoSO...731392P
2683:Palaeontographica A
2425:2012PLoSO...731945F
2346:Paleontology portal
1904:The smallest known
1144:known at the time,
1042:. This specimen of
966:have been found in
952:Solnhofen limestone
938:have been found in
915:; indeed, fish and
897:pterosaurs such as
877:meaning "beak" and
7101:Istiodactyliformes
5575:Lonchognathosaurus
5418:Eupterodactyloidea
4561:Pterodactyliformes
4364:Pterodactylomorpha
4351:Pterodactylomorpha
4265:Pterodactylomorpha
4107:Angustinaripterini
3738:Eudimorphodontinae
3713:Eudimorphodontidae
3031:10.7717/peerj.1018
2209:
2158:niche partitioning
2099:
2033:
1981:determinate growth
1951:
1902:
1837:
1777:
1198:
1190:
991:
8054:
8053:
8026:Open Tree of Life
7940:Taxon identifiers
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7900:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7527:Targaryendraconia
7521:
7520:
7331:
7330:
7255:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7041:
7040:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6698:
6697:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6374:
6373:
6342:Chaoyangopterinae
6271:Chaoyangopteridae
6131:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5513:Ornithocheiroidea
5500:Ornithocheiroidea
5489:
5488:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5443:Ornithocheiroidea
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5206:Gladocephaloideus
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5104:Aurorazhdarchidae
5006:Ctenochasmatoidea
4966:
4965:
4924:Germanodactylidae
4871:
4870:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4727:
4726:
4702:Dendrorhynchoides
4679:Batrachognathinae
4645:Dendrorhynchoides
4575:Changchengopterus
4554:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4340:
4339:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4116:Angustinaripterus
4032:Rhamphorhynchinae
3984:Rhamphorhynchidae
3967:
3966:
3958:Campylognathoides
3893:
3892:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3671:Raeticodactylidae
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3576:Austriadraconidae
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
2998:10.1111/let.12391
2914:"Life history of
2828:from Solnhofen".
2600:Owen, R. (1861).
2567:Palaeontographica
2379:"Rhamphorhynchus"
2303:"Odontorhynchus"
2120:osseous labyrinth
2048:Sexual dimorphism
1763:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1578:
1577:
1487:Rhamphorhynchinae
1475:
1474:
1442:Rhamphorhynchidae
1420:
1419:
1300:Rhamphorhynchidae
1104:, since the name
1094:Hermann von Meyer
1016:by the collector
813:
812:
806:
797:
796:Koenigswald, 1931
788:
779:
770:
761:
749:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
692:
683:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
571:
558:
542:
529:
514:
502:
493:
484:
475:
461:
449:
444:Pteromonodactylus
440:
431:
420:
401:
379:
358:
344:
330:
275:
236:Rhamphorhynchidae
58:150.8–148.5
16:(Redirected from
8099:
8077:Rhamphorhynchids
8047:
8046:
8034:
8033:
8021:
8020:
8008:
8007:
7995:
7994:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7935:
7922:
7916:
7910:
7909:
7756:Coloborhynchinae
7684:
7639:Ornithocheiridae
7631:Brasileodactylus
7623:
7533:
7423:Ornithocheirinae
7357:
7352:Ornithocheiridae
7348:
7344:
7302:
7298:
7277:Brasileodactylus
7186:
7106:
7074:Lonchodraconidae
7070:
7066:
6958:
6954:
6856:
6824:
6819:Nyctosauromorpha
6756:
6732:
6728:
6722:Pteranodontoidea
6717:
6709:Pteranodontoidea
6704:
6693:
6692:
6685:
6684:
6677:
6676:
6641:Pteranodontoidea
6637:
6521:Quetzalcoatlinae
6510:Mistralazhdarcho
6475:
6416:
6385:
6276:
6252:
6144:
6045:
5989:
5908:
5893:
5856:
5760:Thalassodromidae
5733:
5722:
5659:
5617:Dsungaripterinae
5559:
5554:Dsungaripteridae
5550:
5546:
5519:
5508:
5495:
5484:
5479:
5478:
5423:
5414:
5334:
5329:Ctenochasmatinae
5311:Plataleorhynchus
5155:
5149:Ctenochasmatidae
5077:
5016:
5012:
4979:
4973:Euctenochasmatia
4905:
4901:
4890:
4877:
4866:
4861:
4789:Propterodactylus
4775:Ningchengopterus
4738:
4733:Pterodactyloidea
4610:
4601:
4567:
4479:
4448:
4409:
4405:
4370:
4359:
4346:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4320:
4239:Jianchangopterus
4225:Fenghuangopterus
4211:
4157:Rhamphorhynchini
4103:
4037:
3989:
3980:
3938:
3934:
3907:
3836:Dimorphodontidae
3817:
3813:
3786:
3718:
3667:
3626:
3541:
3489:
3485:
3474:
3461:
3407:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3386:Pterosauromorpha
3337:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3299:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3161:
3155:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2884:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2715:
2706:
2700:
2690:
2678:
2665:
2664:
2632:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2495:
2484:
2478:
2471:Rhamphorhynchus.
2468:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2392:. Archived from
2375:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2299:"Odontorhynchus"
2085:Head orientation
2058:Peter Wellnhofer
1798:Ferdinand Broili
1702:
1616:
1592:
1525:
1518:
1494:
1456:
1449:
1437:
1384:
1377:
1365:
1262:
1251:
1226:Peter Wellnhofer
1068:Richard Lydekker
869:
868:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
804:
795:
787:Plieninger, 1907
786:
777:
768:
756:
744:
735:
726:
717:
708:
699:
690:
681:
672:
663:
654:
645:
636:
627:
618:
610:(Goldfuss, 1831)
609:
601:(Goldfuss, 1831)
600:
591:
579:(Cuvier, 1824) (
578:
566:(Cuvier, 1824) (
565:
549:
536:
523:
509:
500:
491:
482:
473:
456:
447:
438:
429:
418:
392:
387:R. tendagurensis
384:
372:Lydekker, 1890 (
371:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
324:
317:
289:
270:
263:
252:Rhamphorhynchini
250:
234:
221:
181:
180:
162:Life restoration
156:
142:
132:
62:
47:Temporal range:
39:
21:
8107:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8082:Solnhofen fauna
8057:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8042:
8037:
8029:
8024:
8016:
8011:
8003:
7998:
7990:
7985:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7948:Rhamphorhynchus
7942:
7932:
7923:
7904:
7864:
7845:Liaoningopterus
7800:
7750:
7688:Tropeognathinae
7673:
7645:
7619:
7602:
7566:
7537:Cimoliopteridae
7517:
7417:
7340:
7327:
7322:Zhenyuanopterus
7296:
7247:
7226:Istiodactylinae
7220:
7201:Longchengpterus
7194:Lingyuanopterus
7181:Istiodactylidae
7175:
7141:
7114:Hongshanopterus
7095:
7064:
7050:
7037:
7000:Hongshanopterus
6985:
6950:
6925:
6898:Barbaridactylus
6883:
6845:
6813:
6760:Pteranodontidae
6745:
6740:Santanadactylus
6724:
6711:
6694:
6687:
6679:
6671:
6655:
6599:
6594:Zhejiangopterus
6515:
6473:
6452:Palaeocursornis
6414:
6393:Montanazhdarcho
6380:Azhdarchiformes
6370:
6351:Chaoyangopterus
6336:
6265:
6241:
6227:Montanazhdarcho
6180:
6140:
6138:Azhdarchomorpha
6107:
6080:
6034:
5997:Aymberedactylus
5978:
5906:
5882:
5870:Aymberedactylus
5845:
5825:Thalassodromeus
5754:
5729:
5718:
5709:
5697:Montanazhdarcho
5655:
5638:
5626:Domeykodactylus
5611:
5605:Tendaguripterus
5542:
5533:
5515:
5502:
5485:
5473:
5457:
5437:
5431:Altmuehlopterus
5388:
5347:
5323:
5274:
5246:
5151:
5134:
5098:
5092:Gallodactylidae
5072:Aurorazhdarchia
5066:
5044:Normannognathus
5020:Gallodactylidae
5008:
4999:
4975:
4962:
4956:Tendaguripterus
4948:Normannognathus
4941:Germanodactylus
4933:Altmuehlopterus
4918:
4897:
4884:
4867:
4829:
4809:
4723:
4688:Batrachognathus
4673:
4668:Vesperopterylus
4623:
4597:
4588:
4563:
4542:
4498:Wukongopterinae
4492:
4474:Wukongopteridae
4468:
4437:
4424:Normannognathus
4401:
4392:
4366:
4353:
4336:
4323:
4315:
4279:
4259:
4232:Jianchangnathus
4215:Scaphognathidae
4205:Digibrevisauria
4187:
4182:Rhamphorhynchus
4151:
4138:Qinglongopterus
4130:Harpactognathus
4098:Rhamphorhynchae
4092:
4087:Qinglongopterus
4066:Harpactognathus
4026:
4020:Scaphognathinae
4012:Parapsicephalus
3976:
3963:
3951:Bergamodactylus
3930:
3921:
3903:
3889:
3867:Parapsicephalus
3830:
3809:
3807:Macronychoptera
3800:
3782:
3760:
3732:
3726:Arcticodactylus
3707:
3695:Raeticodactylus
3656:
3622:
3605:
3585:Arcticodactylus
3570:
3564:Raeticodactylus
3529:
3517:Austriadactylus
3502:
3481:
3468:
3443:
3423:
3417:Avemetatarsalia
3402:Avemetatarsalia
3392:
3377:Avemetatarsalia
3342:
3341:
3331:
3326:
3296:
3295:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3219:Rhamphorhynchus
3214:
3213:
3209:
3172:(6030): 705–8.
3163:
3162:
3158:
3142:
3138:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3068:Rhamphorhynchus
3065:
3064:
3057:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2979:Rhamphorhynchus
2974:
2973:
2969:
2916:Rhamphorhynchus
2911:
2910:
2906:
2882:10.1038/429621a
2862:
2861:
2857:
2826:Germanodactylus
2823:
2822:
2818:
2803:Rhamphorhynchus
2800:
2799:
2795:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2637:Rhamphorhynchus
2634:
2633:
2608:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2481:
2469:
2460:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2324:as synonyms of
2301:
2293:Rhamphorhynchus
2281:Rhamphorhynchus
2275:with its sharp
2273:Rhamphorhynchus
2253:Rhamphorhynchus
2245:Rhamphorhynchus
2235:Rhamphorhynchus
2231:Rhamphorhynchus
2213:Rhamphorhynchus
2190:Rhamphorhynchus
2182:
2150:Rhamphorhynchus
2142:
2116:Rhamphorhynchus
2103:Lawrence Witmer
2095:Rhamphorhynchus
2087:
2079:Rhamphorhynchus
2070:Rhamphorhynchus
2050:
2041:pteranodontians
2037:Rhamphorhynchus
2017:
2005:Rhamphorhynchus
1997:Rhamphorhynchus
1960:Rhamphorhynchus
1955:Rhamphorhynchus
1943:
1934:Rhamphorhynchus
1927:Rhamphorhynchus
1906:Rhamphorhynchus
1873:Rhamphorhynchus
1865:Rhamphorhynchus
1860:Rhamphorhynchus
1841:Rhamphorhynchus
1829:
1824:
1812:Rhamphorhynchus
1807:Rhamphorhynchus
1802:Rhamphorhynchus
1794:
1785:Rhamphorhynchus
1775:Size comparison
1769:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1579:
1476:
1421:
1335:
1327:Rhamphorhynchus
1319:Kimmeridge Clay
1304:Rhamphorhynchus
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1237:Rhamphorhynchus
1181:Rhamphorhynchus
1158:Rhamphorhynchus
1138:Rhamphorhynchus
1110:Ornithocephalus
1075:Ornithocephalus
1062:was emended to
1044:Rhamphorhynchus
1036:Ornithocephalus
1026:Rhamphorhynchus
1010:Rhamphorhynchus
999:Rhamphorhynchus
976:
964:Rhamphorhynchus
936:Rhamphorhynchus
921:Rhamphorhynchus
909:Rhamphorhynchus
885:of long-tailed
825:
821:
817:Rhamphorhynchus
809:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
755:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
577:
564:
548:
535:
522:
516:
515:
505:
501:(Münster, 1839)
499:
492:(Münster, 1839)
490:
483:(Münster, 1839)
481:
472:
463:
462:
452:
446:
437:
428:
422:
421:
391:
370:
355:
341:
323:
301:
295:
269:
266:Rhamphorhynchus
261:
248:
232:
219:
175:
133:
131:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
57:
56:
45:
43:Rhamphorhynchus
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8105:
8103:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8059:
8058:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8035:
8022:
8009:
7996:
7983:
7968:
7952:
7950:
7944:
7943:
7938:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7855:
7848:
7841:
7834:
7826:
7822:Caulkicephalus
7818:
7810:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7795:Uktenadactylus
7791:
7783:
7776:
7773:Coloborhynchus
7769:
7761:
7759:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7741:
7734:
7726:
7718:
7710:
7702:
7693:
7691:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7664:
7656:
7654:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7635:
7626:
7620:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
7597:Targaryendraco
7593:
7585:
7576:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7557:
7549:
7541:
7539:
7530:
7523:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7511:Uktenadactylus
7507:
7499:
7496:Ornithocheirus
7492:
7484:
7476:
7468:
7460:
7452:
7448:Coloborhynchus
7444:
7436:
7427:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7407:
7399:
7391:
7387:Caulkicephalus
7383:
7375:
7372:Arthurdactylus
7368:
7360:
7354:
7341:
7338:Ornithocheirae
7336:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7325:
7318:
7310:
7308:
7295:
7294:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7265:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7253:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7238:
7230:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7189:
7183:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7166:
7163:Linlongopterus
7159:
7151:
7149:
7147:Mimodactylidae
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7135:Lonchodectidae
7131:
7124:
7121:Linlongopterus
7117:
7109:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7086:
7078:
7076:
7063:
7062:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7031:Targaryendraco
7027:
7019:
7012:
7004:
6995:
6993:
6991:Lonchodectidae
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6961:
6951:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6915:
6908:
6905:Muzquizopteryx
6901:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6859:
6853:
6851:Aponyctosauria
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6835:
6827:
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6803:
6795:
6788:
6780:
6773:
6764:
6762:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6735:
6725:
6720:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6645:
6643:
6633:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6590:
6582:
6579:Thanatosdrakon
6575:
6572:Quetzalcoatlus
6568:
6565:Phosphatodraco
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6537:Arambourgiania
6533:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6506:
6499:
6492:
6483:
6481:
6472:
6471:
6463:
6455:
6448:
6444:Navajodactylus
6440:
6433:
6424:
6422:
6413:
6412:
6404:
6397:
6388:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6365:Shenzhoupterus
6361:
6354:
6346:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6296:
6292:Argentinadraco
6288:
6279:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6255:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6231:
6223:
6215:
6207:
6203:Argentinadraco
6199:
6191:
6189:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6147:
6141:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6098:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6048:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6009:
6001:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5959:Nemicolopterus
5955:
5948:
5941:
5933:
5925:
5916:
5914:
5905:
5904:
5896:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5865:
5863:
5853:
5851:Tapejariformes
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5798:
5790:
5786:Argentinadraco
5782:
5774:
5765:
5763:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5744:
5736:
5730:
5727:Tapejaromorpha
5725:
5719:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5685:
5677:
5670:
5667:Argentinadraco
5662:
5656:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5633:Dsungaripterus
5629:
5621:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5562:
5556:
5543:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5522:
5516:
5511:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5426:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5355:
5353:Pterodaustrini
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5292:
5284:
5282:
5280:Gnathosaurinae
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5257:
5255:
5252:Moganopterinae
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5171:Balaenognathus
5167:
5158:
5152:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5124:
5121:Aurorazhdarcho
5117:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5088:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5060:Moganopterinae
5056:
5048:
5040:
5033:
5029:Aurorazhdarcho
5024:
5022:
5009:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4982:
4976:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4937:
4928:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4908:
4898:
4893:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4691:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4631:
4629:Anurognathinae
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4613:
4607:
4605:Anurognathidae
4598:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4583:Douzhanopterus
4579:
4570:
4564:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4533:
4529:Douzhanopterus
4525:
4518:
4511:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4487:Kunpengopterus
4482:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:Anurognathidae
4427:
4420:
4412:
4402:
4399:Monofenestrata
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4382:
4373:
4367:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4218:
4208:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4080:Orientognathus
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4001:
3997:Dolicorhamphus
3992:
3986:
3977:
3974:Breviquartossa
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3944:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3856:
3853:Caelestiventus
3849:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3779:Zambellisauria
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3747:Carniadactylus
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3629:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3600:Seazzadactylus
3596:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3553:
3549:Carniadactylus
3544:
3538:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3497:Daohugoupterus
3492:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3410:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3274:
3223:Aspidorhynchus
3207:
3156:
3136:
3081:
3055:
3004:
2967:
2904:
2855:
2816:
2793:
2770:
2735:
2724:(3): 390–401.
2701:
2666:
2647:(3): 569–580.
2606:
2593:
2576:
2553:
2534:
2515:
2496:
2479:
2458:
2399:
2396:on 2020-03-22.
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2333:
2330:
2322:R. longicaudus
2318:R. longicaudus
2314:R. longicaudus
2300:
2297:
2289:Aspidorhynchus
2269:Aspidorhynchus
2249:Aspidorhynchus
2233:specimen. The
2227:Aspidorhynchus
2222:Aspidorhynchus
2205:Aspidorhynchus
2181:
2178:
2141:
2138:
2086:
2083:
2049:
2046:
2016:
2013:
1971:pterodactyloid
1942:
1939:
1895:R. intermedius
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1793:
1790:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:Monofenestrata
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:Sordes pilosus
1705:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1431:Breviquartossa
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1334:
1331:
1308:R. longicaudus
1281:Teylers Museum
1267:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1196:Restored skull
1162:R. longicaudus
1146:R. longicaudus
1130:Teylers Museum
975:
972:
895:pterodactyloid
811:
810:
808:
807:
798:
789:
780:
778:Woodward, 1902
771:
762:
750:
738:
729:
720:
718:(Wagner, 1857)
711:
709:(Wagner, 1857)
702:
693:
684:
675:
666:
657:
648:
639:
630:
621:
612:
603:
594:
592:Goldfuss, 1831
585:
572:
559:
543:
537:(Oken, 1819) (
530:
508:
507:
506:
504:
503:
494:
485:
476:
459:R. longicaudus
455:
454:
453:
451:
450:
441:
435:Odontorhynchus
432:
419:Genus synonymy
417:
416:
415:
412:
411:
405:
404:
403:
402:
380:
359:
345:
338:R. longicaudus
331:
310:
309:
303:
302:
296:
284:
283:
277:
276:
259:
255:
254:
246:
239:
238:
230:
226:
225:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
169:
168:
158:
157:
149:
148:
144:
143:
135:
134:
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
63:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8104:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8045:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8014:
8010:
8006:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7988:
7984:
7979:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7936:
7921:
7917:
7915:
7908:
7861:
7860:
7859:Maaradactylus
7856:
7854:
7853:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:Cearadactylus
7827:
7824:
7823:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7806:Anhanguerinae
7803:
7797:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7787:Siroccopteryx
7784:
7782:
7781:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7753:
7747:
7746:
7745:Tropeognathus
7742:
7740:
7739:
7735:
7732:
7731:
7730:Siroccopteryx
7727:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7679:Anhangueridae
7676:
7670:
7669:
7668:Iberodactylus
7665:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7648:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7613:
7599:
7598:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7561:Cimoliopterus
7558:
7555:
7554:
7553:Camposipterus
7550:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7503:Siroccopteryx
7500:
7498:
7497:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7440:Camposipterus
7437:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7413:
7412:
7411:Tropeognathus
7408:
7405:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7395:Cimoliopterus
7392:
7389:
7388:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:Camposipterus
7376:
7374:
7373:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7365:Araripesaurus
7362:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7339:
7334:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7306:Boreopteridae
7303:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7284:Cearadactylus
7281:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7235:Istiodactylus
7232:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7178:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7128:Yixianopterus
7125:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7060:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7044:
7033:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6944:
6921:
6920:
6916:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6889:Nyctosauridae
6886:
6880:
6879:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6832:Alamodactylus
6829:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6751:Pteranodontia
6748:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6701:
6691:
6686:
6683:
6675:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6596:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6586:Wellnhopterus
6583:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6558:Hatzegopteryx
6555:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6530:Aralazhdarcho
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6401:Radiodactylus
6398:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6367:
6366:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6284:Apatorhamphus
6281:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6237:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6183:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6134:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6075:Tupandactylus
6072:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6005:Caupedactylus
6002:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5877:Caupedactylus
5874:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:Caupedactylia
5857:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5716:Neoazhdarchia
5712:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5653:Azhdarchoidea
5649:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5597:Puntanipterus
5594:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5483:
5477:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5362:Beipiaopterus
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5318:Tacuadactylus
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5199:Forfexopterus
5196:
5194:
5193:
5192:Elanodactylus
5189:
5187:
5186:
5185:Cratonopterus
5182:
5180:
5179:
5178:Cathayopterus
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:Ardeadactylus
5160:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5145:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:Ardeadactylus
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5037:Cycnorhamphus
5034:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4994:Pterodactylus
4991:
4989:
4988:
4987:Diopecephalus
4984:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4913:Prejanopterus
4910:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4865:
4860:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:Herbstosaurus
4757:
4755:
4754:
4753:Eurolimnornis
4750:
4748:
4747:
4746:Dermodactylus
4743:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4595:Caelidracones
4591:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4557:
4539:
4538:
4537:Wukongopterus
4534:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4522:Darwinopterus
4519:
4517:
4516:
4515:Cuspicephalus
4512:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4463:Pterorhynchus
4460:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4395:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4319:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:Scaphognathus
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3915:Eudimorphodon
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:Peteinosaurus
3872:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3825:Herbstosaurus
3822:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3795:
3794:Peteinosaurus
3791:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3757:
3756:
3755:Eudimorphodon
3752:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3651:
3650:Preondactylia
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:Peteinosaurus
3639:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:Eopterosauria
3616:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3524:Preondactylus
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3508:Preondactylia
3505:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3235:(3): e31945.
3234:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2928:(2): e31392.
2927:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2875:(6992): 623.
2874:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2784:Archaeopteryx
2781:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2419:(3): e31945.
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2173:Pterodactylus
2169:
2168:
2167:Scaphognathus
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:scleral rings
2139:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:Koh Ting-Pong
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2029:Plesioteuthis
2025:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1250:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:type specimen
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Pterodactylus
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:Pterodactylus
1111:
1107:
1106:Pterodactylus
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:Pterodactylus
1084:
1080:
1079:Pterodactylus
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Pterodactylus
1037:
1033:
1032:
1031:Pterodactylus
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1003:Victorian era
1000:
996:
988:
984:
980:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
900:Pterodactylus
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:
872:Ancient Greek
867:
819:
818:
802:
799:
793:
790:
784:
781:
775:
772:
769:(Marsh, 1882)
766:
763:
759:
754:
751:
747:
742:
739:
733:
730:
724:
721:
715:
712:
706:
703:
697:
694:
688:
685:
682:(Meyer, 1846)
679:
676:
673:(Meyer, 1846)
670:
667:
661:
658:
655:(Meyer, 1843)
652:
649:
643:
640:
637:(Meyer, 1838)
634:
631:
628:(Meyer, 1838)
625:
622:
616:
613:
607:
604:
598:
595:
589:
586:
582:
576:
573:
569:
563:
560:
556:
552:
547:
544:
540:
534:
531:
527:
521:
518:
513:
498:
495:
489:
486:
480:
477:
474:Münster, 1839
471:
469:
468:Pterodactylus
465:
460:
448:Teryaev, 1967
445:
442:
439:Stolley, 1936
436:
433:
427:
426:Ornithopterus
424:
413:
410:
406:
399:
395:
389:
388:
381:
377:
376:
368:
367:
360:
354:
353:
346:
343:(Meyer, 1846)
340:
339:
332:
328:
322:
321:
314:
313:
311:
308:
304:
299:
294:
293:
285:
282:
278:
273:
268:
267:
260:
257:
256:
253:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
231:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
145:
141:
136:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
61:
54:
50:
49:Late Jurassic
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7947:
7911:
7857:
7852:Ludodactylus
7850:
7843:
7836:
7828:
7820:
7813:
7793:
7785:
7780:Nicorhynchus
7778:
7771:
7764:
7743:
7736:
7728:
7720:
7712:
7704:
7696:
7666:
7659:
7651:Hamipteridae
7637:
7629:
7595:
7587:
7579:
7559:
7551:
7546:Aetodactylus
7544:
7509:
7501:
7494:
7486:
7480:Ludodactylus
7478:
7470:
7462:
7454:
7446:
7438:
7432:Aetodactylus
7430:
7409:
7401:
7393:
7385:
7377:
7370:
7363:
7320:
7313:
7289:
7282:
7275:
7268:
7242:Liaoxipterus
7240:
7233:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7170:Mimodactylus
7168:
7161:
7154:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7088:
7081:
7056:
7048:Lanceodontia
7029:
7021:
7016:Lonchodectes
7014:
7006:
6998:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6876:
6869:
6862:
6837:
6830:
6805:
6797:
6790:
6784:Ornithostoma
6782:
6775:
6767:
6738:
6678:
6592:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6551:Eurazhdarcho
6549:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6486:
6479:Azhdarchinae
6465:
6457:
6450:
6442:
6435:
6427:
6420:Azhdarchidae
6406:
6399:
6391:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6328:
6320:
6315:Meilifeilong
6313:
6306:
6298:
6290:
6282:
6258:
6233:
6225:
6217:
6209:
6201:
6194:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6150:
6100:
6093:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6051:
6027:
6019:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5952:Huaxiapterus
5950:
5943:
5937:Eopteranodon
5935:
5927:
5921:Afrotapejara
5919:
5912:Sinopterinae
5901:Afrotapejara
5899:
5875:
5868:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5815:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5768:
5746:
5741:Bennettazhia
5739:
5704:Ornithostoma
5702:
5695:
5687:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5631:
5624:
5603:
5595:
5590:Ordosipterus
5588:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5540:Tapejaroidea
5525:
5429:
5383:Pterodaustro
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5340:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5296:Huanhepterus
5294:
5289:Gnathosaurus
5287:
5269:Moganopterus
5267:
5260:
5241:Pterofiltrus
5239:
5234:Petrodactyle
5232:
5225:
5220:Liaodactylus
5218:
5213:Kepodactylus
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5161:
5128:Huanhepterus
5126:
5119:
5111:
5090:
5085:Aerodactylus
5083:
5058:
5052:Petrodactyle
5050:
5042:
5035:
5027:
4992:
4985:
4954:
4946:
4939:
4931:
4911:
4802:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4768:Kryptodrakon
4766:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4716:
4710:Jeholopterus
4708:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4666:
4659:
4653:Jeholopterus
4651:
4643:
4638:Anurognathus
4636:
4618:Mesadactylus
4616:
4581:
4573:
4535:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4505:
4485:
4461:
4454:
4443:Darwinoptera
4429:
4422:
4415:
4384:
4376:
4322:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4181:
4180:
4174:Nesodactylus
4172:
4166:Cacibupteryx
4164:
4146:Sericipterus
4144:
4136:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4085:
4078:
4073:Nesodactylus
4071:
4064:
4057:
4052:Cacibupteryx
4050:
4045:Bellubrunnus
4043:
4018:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3956:
3949:
3913:
3900:Lonchognatha
3881:
3873:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3823:
3792:
3753:
3745:
3724:
3700:
3693:
3688:Pachagnathus
3686:
3678:
3648:
3640:
3634:Austriadraco
3632:
3598:
3593:Austriadraco
3591:
3583:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3522:
3515:
3495:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3084:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3021:
3017:
3007:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2970:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2907:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2836:(1): 43–48.
2833:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2721:
2717:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2394:the original
2382:
2373:
2326:R. muensteri
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2261:Leptolepides
2260:
2257:Leptolepides
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:Leptolepides
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2195:Leptolepides
2193:
2189:
2171:
2165:
2149:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2051:
2036:
2034:
2027:
2024:R. muensteri
2023:
2004:
1996:
1985:warm-blooded
1980:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1923:histological
1918:
1905:
1903:
1899:R. muensteri
1898:
1894:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:R. muensteri
1852:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1827:Life history
1822:Paleobiology
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1724:
1708:
1707:
1639:
1638:
1622:
1621:
1598:
1597:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1548:
1547:
1531:
1530:
1500:
1499:
1462:
1461:
1407:
1406:
1390:
1389:
1358:Nesodactylus
1356:
1352:Cacibupteryx
1350:
1347:R. muensteri
1346:
1343:phylogenetic
1336:
1326:
1323:Steve Etches
1314:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1296:R. muensteri
1295:
1292:
1276:
1275:specimen of
1269:R. muensteri
1268:
1236:
1234:
1218:World War II
1214:R. muensteri
1213:
1209:
1206:Richard Owen
1201:
1199:
1184:
1180:
1161:
1157:
1154:type species
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1009:
1007:
998:
992:
987:R. muensteri
986:
963:
935:
929:
920:
908:
898:
878:
874:
816:
815:
814:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
752:
740:
736:Wagner, 1858
731:
727:Wagner, 1858
722:
713:
704:
700:Wagner, 1857
695:
686:
677:
668:
659:
650:
641:
632:
623:
614:
605:
596:
587:
581:nomen dubium
580:
574:
568:nomen dubium
567:
561:
555:nomen dubium
554:
545:
539:nomen dubium
538:
532:
526:nomen dubium
525:
524:Oken, 1819 (
519:
512:R. muensteri
511:
510:Synonyms of
496:
487:
478:
466:
458:
457:Synonyms of
443:
434:
425:
398:nomen dubium
397:
386:
385:
375:nomen dubium
373:
365:
364:
351:
350:
337:
336:
320:R. muensteri
319:
318:
291:
290:
281:Type species
265:
264:
242:
166:R. muensteri
165:
42:
36:
7972:Wikispecies
7738:Thapunngaka
7698:Amblydectes
7617:Anhangueria
7581:Aussiedraco
7315:Boreopterus
7090:Lonchodraco
7023:Lonchodraco
6966:Aussiedraco
6912:Nyctosaurus
6769:Bogolubovia
6437:Bogolubovia
6308:Lacusovagus
6300:Eoazhdarcho
6260:Eoazhdarcho
6219:Leptostomia
6211:Keresdrakon
6086:Caiuajarina
6053:Bakonydraco
6021:Lacusovagus
6013:Keresdrakon
5984:Tapejarinae
5945:Huaxiadraco
5929:Bakonydraco
5888:Tapejaridae
5817:Leptostomia
5809:Lacusovagus
5802:Kariridraco
5748:Keresdrakon
5689:Leptostomia
5681:Keresdrakon
5342:Ctenochasma
5304:Lusognathus
5227:Otogopterus
4882:Lophocratia
4815:Lophocratia
4782:Pangupterus
4718:Sinomacrops
4059:Dorygnathus
3928:Novialoidea
3883:Rhamphinion
3860:Dimorphodon
3535:Caviramidae
3479:Pterosauria
3466:Pterosauria
3429:Pterosauria
3368:Archosauria
3329:Pterosauria
2991:: 106–112.
2695:: 132-186,
2490:(Goldf.)."
2247:and one by
2026:catching a
2001:ectothermic
1816:piscivorous
1767:Description
1370:Novialoidea
1277:R. gemmingi
1230:plastotypes
1186:Mesolimulus
1150:R. gemmingi
691:Fraas, 1855
664:Meyer, 1846
646:Meyer, 1843
619:Meyer, 1838
470:longicaudus
430:Meyer, 1838
223:Pterosauria
8061:Categories
7815:Anhanguera
7706:Ferrodraco
7661:Hamipterus
7589:Barbosania
7464:Ferrodraco
7456:Draigwenia
7291:Hamipterus
7270:Barbosania
7215:Nurhachius
7083:Ikrandraco
7058:Draigwenia
7008:Ikrandraco
6973:Serradraco
6919:Volgadraco
6807:Volgadraco
6799:Tethydraco
6792:Pteranodon
6650:see below↓
6544:Cryodrakon
6467:Volgadraco
6459:Tethydraco
6358:Jidapterus
6322:Microtuban
6160:Microtuban
6061:Europejara
6040:Tapejarini
6029:Vectidraco
5966:Sinopterus
5583:Noripterus
5452:see below↓
5376:Gegepterus
5369:Eosipterus
4824:see below↓
4804:Wenupteryx
4695:Cascocauda
4274:see below↓
3702:Yelaphomte
3438:see below↓
3359:Sauropsida
3290:: 543–564.
3152:(6): 832.
3105:: e17524.
3078:: 455–506.
2751:(3–4): 1.
2550:: 278–285.
2531:: 676–682.
2365:References
2267:, a large
2164:, such as
2133:Anhanguera
1976:Pteranodon
1964:alligators
1941:Metabolism
1919:Avgodectes
1885:triangular
925:coprolites
917:cephalopod
887:pterosaurs
366:R. jessoni
352:R. etchesi
7766:Aerodraco
7208:Luchibang
7156:Haopterus
6878:Simurghia
6871:Epapatelo
6839:Cretornis
6777:Dawndraco
6503:Azhdarcho
6496:Albadraco
6488:Aerotitan
6408:Alanqidae
6186:Alanqidae
6152:Cretornis
6102:Torukjara
6095:Caiuajara
5832:Tupuxuara
5770:Aerotitan
5674:Inabtanin
5262:Feilongus
4661:Luopterus
4378:Allkaruen
4005:Klobiodon
3845:Allkaruen
3680:Caviramus
3557:Caviramus
3345:Kingdom:
3024:: e1018.
2512:: 61–128.
2305:aculeatus
2154:nocturnal
2124:inner ear
2111:CAT scans
1925:study of
1915:precocial
1911:altricial
1858:Juvenile
1849:flaplings
1339:cladogram
1333:Phylogeny
1092:In 1845,
1070:in 1888.
1064:muensteri
985:skull of
970:as well.
905:ligaments
805:Koh, 1937
196:Kingdom:
190:Eukaryota
53:Tithonian
7992:52570556
7957:Wikidata
7838:Guidraco
7722:Mythunga
7714:Haliskia
7488:Mythunga
7472:Guidraco
7403:Haliskia
6980:Unwindia
6330:Xericeps
6235:Xericeps
6167:Xericeps
6068:Tapejara
5839:Xericeps
5794:Banguela
5567:Banguela
4796:Samrukia
4456:Ceoptera
3353:Chordata
3351:Phylum:
3347:Animalia
3269:22412850
3229:PLOS ONE
3202:33253407
3194:21493820
3131:39035160
3122:11260407
3050:26157605
2962:22355361
2922:PLOS ONE
2891:15190343
2850:86308635
2813:: 29–48.
2790:: 75–83.
2765:84617119
2661:88244184
2492:Bayreuth
2453:22412850
2413:PLOS ONE
2332:See also
2309:based on
2015:Swimming
2009:reptiles
1287:(bottom)
1273:holotype
1170:holotype
1118:subgenus
1060:münsteri
995:taxonomy
983:Holotype
968:Portugal
944:Tanzania
891:Jurassic
879:rhynchus
875:rhamphos
553:, 1824 (
409:Synonyms
396:, 1931 (
327:Goldfuss
229:Family:
210:Chordata
206:Phylum:
200:Animalia
186:Domain:
8031:4947316
8018:1046378
8005:3238831
7963:Q132647
6864:Alcione
5973:Wightia
3357:Class:
3260:3296705
3237:Bibcode
3174:Bibcode
3166:Science
3041:4476129
2985:Lethaia
2953:3280310
2930:Bibcode
2899:4428545
2699:: 1-30.
2689:: 1–33.
2573:: 1–20.
2444:3296705
2421:Bibcode
2277:rostrum
2265:pharynx
2200:pharynx
2192:with a
2180:Ecology
2162:diurnal
2128:balance
2122:of the
2066:humerus
2035:Though
1881:diamond
1847:, from
1489:
1444:
1372:
1285:Haarlem
1240:skull.
1222:neotype
1134:Haarlem
960:Germany
956:Bavaria
940:England
889:in the
870:, from
329:, 1831)
307:Species
298:Münster
258:Genus:
216:Order:
127:↓
6429:Alanqa
6196:Alanqa
5778:Alanqa
4386:Sordes
4253:Sordes
3267:
3257:
3200:
3192:
3129:
3119:
3048:
3038:
2960:
2950:
2897:
2889:
2869:Nature
2848:
2763:
2659:
2494:, 8 p.
2451:
2441:
2384:Lexico
2285:anoxic
2217:ganoid
1877:lancet
1485:
1440:
1368:
1164:; its
1152:. The
1077:(i.e.
946:, and
932:fossil
760:, 1882
748:, 1870
551:Cuvier
300:, 1839
274:, 1846
8044:38476
8013:IRMNG
5527:Piksi
4123:Dearc
3382:Clade
3373:Clade
3364:Clade
3198:S2CID
3099:PeerJ
3018:PeerJ
2895:S2CID
2846:S2CID
2761:S2CID
2714:(PDF)
2657:S2CID
2312:that
2219:fish
2075:et al
2052:Both
1989:birds
1792:Skull
948:Spain
883:genus
758:Marsh
272:Meyer
243:Clade
8000:GBIF
3415:see
3265:PMID
3190:PMID
3127:PMID
3046:PMID
2958:PMID
2887:PMID
2811:1927
2587:und
2548:1845
2529:1839
2449:PMID
2307:was
2170:and
2056:and
1993:bats
1991:and
1355:and
1337:The
1052:ICZN
913:fish
746:Owen
394:Reck
66:PreꞒ
7987:EoL
3255:PMC
3245:doi
3182:doi
3170:332
3117:PMC
3107:doi
3070:".
3036:PMC
3026:doi
2993:doi
2948:PMC
2938:doi
2877:doi
2873:429
2838:doi
2753:doi
2749:103
2726:doi
2722:126
2697:149
2693:148
2687:148
2649:doi
2439:PMC
2429:doi
2148:of
1168:or
1160:is
1156:of
1132:in
1100:to
1089:).
1066:by
997:of
954:of
164:of
55:),
8063::
8041::
8028::
8015::
8002::
7989::
7974::
7959::
3384::
3375::
3366::
3288:75
3286:.
3263:.
3253:.
3243:.
3231:.
3227:.
3225:?"
3196:.
3188:.
3180:.
3168:.
3150:43
3148:,
3125:.
3115:.
3103:12
3101:.
3097:.
3076:77
3074:.
3058:^
3044:.
3034:.
3020:.
3016:.
2989:54
2987:.
2983:.
2956:.
2946:.
2936:.
2924:.
2920:.
2893:.
2885:.
2871:.
2867:.
2844:.
2834:22
2832:.
2809:.
2788:37
2786:.
2782:.
2759:.
2747:.
2720:.
2716:.
2691:,
2685:.
2669:^
2655:.
2645:69
2643:.
2609:^
2569:.
2546:.
2527:.
2510:15
2508:.
2461:^
2447:.
2437:.
2427:.
2415:.
2411:.
2388:.
2381:.
2328:.
2295:.
2176:.
2011:.
1800:,
1361:.
1310:.
1283:,
1279:,
1232:.
958:,
942:,
927:.
390:?
369:?
245::
116:Pg
60:Ma
7833:?
7825:?
7790:?
7758:?
7733:?
7725:?
7717:?
7709:?
7701:?
7690:?
7653:?
7642:?
7634:?
7592:?
7584:?
7556:?
7529:?
7514:?
7506:?
7491:?
7483:?
7475:?
7467:?
7459:?
7451:?
7443:?
7435:?
7414:?
7406:?
7398:?
7390:?
7382:?
7138:?
7061:?
7034:?
7026:?
7011:?
7003:?
6922:?
6842:?
6810:?
6802:?
6787:?
6772:?
6589:?
6491:?
6470:?
6462:?
6447:?
6432:?
6411:?
6396:?
6333:?
6325:?
6303:?
6295:?
6287:?
6238:?
6230:?
6222:?
6214:?
6206:?
6188:?
6177:?
6155:?
6056:?
6024:?
6016:?
6008:?
6000:?
5940:?
5932:?
5924:?
5862:?
5842:?
5820:?
5812:?
5797:?
5789:?
5781:?
5773:?
5762:?
5751:?
5692:?
5684:?
5608:?
5600:?
5578:?
5570:?
5530:?
5434:?
5299:?
5254:?
5166:?
5131:?
5116:?
5095:?
5063:?
5055:?
5047:?
5032:?
4959:?
4951:?
4936:?
4799:?
4763:?
4713:?
4705:?
4656:?
4648:?
4578:?
4532:?
4510:?
4434:?
4389:?
4381:?
4256:?
4217:?
4207:?
4177:?
4169:?
4141:?
4133:?
4023:?
4015:?
4000:?
3918:?
3902:?
3886:?
3878:?
3870:?
3848:?
3797:?
3781:?
3750:?
3729:?
3683:?
3653:?
3645:?
3637:?
3588:?
3567:?
3552:?
3537:?
3321:e
3314:t
3307:v
3271:.
3247::
3239::
3233:7
3204:.
3184::
3176::
3133:.
3109::
3052:.
3028::
3022:3
3001:.
2995::
2964:.
2940::
2932::
2926:7
2901:.
2879::
2852:.
2840::
2767:.
2755::
2732:.
2728::
2663:.
2651::
2571:1
2455:.
2431::
2423::
2417:7
1056:ü
866:/
863:s
860:ə
857:k
854:ŋ
851:ɪ
848:r
845:ˈ
842:ə
839:f
836:m
833:æ
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