1989:
124:
45:
212:
They developed, especially in the second phase, a very particular vigorous sculpture and ceramic culture. Pukara ceramics are painted in various colors. The fineware was painted with black and yellow paints on red clay and named the
Classic Pukara Style. Incision lines define the shapes of humans,
191:
was required to ensure productive agriculture in the high-altitude environment. Q'ochas were natural and modified depressions in the earth that functioned as sunken gardens. Located near the Pucará River, the Pukara flooded the land with water before harvesting. Over a period of 3 to 5 years,
229:
may have contributed to the weakening of the Pukara around 200 AD. The Pukara settlements were occupied by people from
Tiwanaku. It's probable that the leaders of this social formation had taken the site of Pukara as a sacred place, and perhaps assumed it as their
147:. It was characterized by a hierarchy of smaller centers and villages scattered throughout the northern basin of the Titicaca. The name originates from the town of Pukara, one of the largest settlements in the region. The modern town of
238:, in the southern basin. It is possible that at that time, the sculptures of Pukará had become objects of great religious and ritual value, their possession being a symbol of power and prestige.
1969:
213:
mythical creatures, tools, or shamanistic figures. Pukara pottery and textiles are found widely in the middle Andean, and the coastal
Pacific valleys, reaching into Peru and Chile. Within the
557:
1964:
192:
agriculturalists would rotate between growing potatoes, quinoa, barley, and wheat. These strategies helped the Pukara establish settlements along the western slope of the
1944:
590:
214:
1929:
234:
or place of origin. They copied Pucará's architectural model and commissioned a vast number of workers and engineers to transfer it to their capital in the
2027:
906:
529:
1934:
938:
402:"Magazine of the Library and Historical Archive of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, about a Bolivian sculpture recovered in Switzerland"
415:
Klarich, Elizabeth; Levine, Abigail; Roddick, Andrew P.; Zovar, Jennifer; Banikazemi, Cyrus; Dussubieux, Laure; Gabler, Colette (2024-02-01).
926:
475:
384:
1840:
955:
1899:
950:
828:
1954:
933:
572:
1893:
962:
1784:
1714:
1403:
217:
of the
Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the Classic Pukara Style is estimated to have peaked around 200 BCE, through 200 CE.
1414:
1096:
911:
522:
1876:
1719:
567:
1855:
1131:
2022:
1887:
1881:
1865:
1106:
610:
1959:
1851:
921:
297:"Crafting, Community, and Collaboration: Reflections on the Ethnographic Sala Project at the Pukara Lithic Museum, Peru"
151:
is located half a mile to the east of the archaeological site. The Pukara culture is unrelated to the stone fortresses,
1011:
374:
2017:
1553:
1425:
753:
562:
1780:
417:"Diversity on the Altiplano: Geochemical perspectives on 3,000 years of potting practices in the Lake Titicaca basin"
1664:
1507:
515:
1016:
1487:
1091:
893:
868:
582:
1236:
1788:
1563:
733:
31:
1206:
201:
136:
1709:
1558:
1191:
945:
916:
715:
690:
655:
235:
843:
416:
296:
1993:
1860:
1724:
1689:
1298:
1186:
901:
883:
783:
155:, built across the Andes during the Inca Empire. Its sphere of influence reached as far north as the
1826:
1588:
818:
620:
600:
197:
156:
1845:
1949:
1939:
1669:
1578:
1357:
1101:
1046:
1021:
685:
680:
650:
645:
58:
105:
1974:
1904:
1870:
1593:
1583:
1293:
1261:
1171:
1141:
1071:
1036:
1006:
1002:
803:
778:
710:
700:
538:
471:
436:
380:
355:
316:
252:
30:
This article is about the Pucará culture of the Andean formative period. For other uses, see
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1614:
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630:
247:
115:
148:
1830:
1814:
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1513:
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1398:
992:
982:
675:
635:
625:
123:
2011:
1775:
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1497:
1465:
1409:
1377:
1216:
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1161:
1151:
1146:
1081:
1076:
1031:
763:
758:
595:
552:
176:
144:
1767:
1743:
1699:
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1533:
1518:
1502:
1367:
1318:
1313:
1288:
1266:
1231:
1111:
813:
748:
705:
95:
44:
1251:
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167:: the Middle Formative (1400 to 550 BC), and Late Formative (550 BC to 400 AD).
1763:
1753:
1624:
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1303:
1156:
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335:
1801:
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1061:
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615:
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359:
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1822:
1818:
1793:
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878:
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90:
1327:
997:
455:
467:
1809:
1659:
1221:
1201:
1196:
1086:
1066:
226:
1805:
1342:
1271:
1226:
967:
863:
838:
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743:
738:
695:
670:
640:
373:
Vranich, Alexei; Klarich, Elizabeth A.; Stanish, Charles (2012-01-01).
312:
17:
1748:
1738:
1634:
1609:
1121:
1116:
1041:
977:
858:
808:
798:
773:
180:
152:
140:
62:
497:
401:
1388:
1332:
1323:
1211:
788:
193:
122:
511:
456:"12. The Lake Titicaca Basin: A Precolumbian Built Landscape"
1970:
Population history of the
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
175:
The Pukara engaged in agriculture, herding, fishing, and
278:"Initial Period Origins of Titicaca Basin Civilization"
163:. The culture had two phases of development within the
336:"The Position of Pucara in Titicaca Basin Archaeology"
1965:
Painting in the
Americas before European colonization
1836:
1759:
1734:
1705:
1680:
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1630:
1605:
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1363:
1338:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1292:
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1285:
892:
724:
581:
545:
111:
101:
89:
78:
68:
54:
462:, Columbia University Press, pp. 311–356,
340:Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology
1945:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1930:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
523:
8:
37:
1913:
530:
516:
508:
421:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
376:Advances in Titicaca Basin Archaeology–III
43:
1935:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
272:
270:
268:
539:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
295:Klarich, Elizabeth A. (September 2014).
264:
36:
27:South American archaeological culture
7:
963:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
143:, along the north-western shore of
2028:Indigenous culture of the Americas
1955:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
934:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
25:
946:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
917:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
454:Erickson, Clark L. (2000-12-31),
127:The archaeological site of Pukara
1987:
939:Archaeological sites in Colombia
912:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
498:"The Bolivian statuette in Bern"
379:. University of Michigan Press.
922:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
196:in the inter-Andean valley of
1:
1866:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
927:Archaeological sites in Chile
82:
1960:Mesoamerican writing systems
956:Archaeological sites in Peru
433:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104035
1856:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
2044:
1882:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
1785:Uaxaclajuun UbĘĽaah KĘĽawiil
29:
1983:
1925:
1916:
1280:
1107:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
352:10.1017/s0081130000000381
221:The Pukara & Tiwanaku
42:
1994:Civilizations portal
951:Cultural periods of Peru
208:Ceramics & Sculpture
1888:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
734:Mesoamerican chronology
334:Kidder, Alfred (1948).
183:. Complex knowledge of
32:Pukara (disambiguation)
591:Archaeological periods
137:archaeological culture
128:
1894:List of Conquistadors
1781:KĘĽinich JanaabĘĽ Pakal
1192:Quebrada de Humahuaca
611:Caddoan Mississippian
468:10.7312/lent11156-015
126:
2023:Andean civilizations
1861:Francisco de Montejo
1789:Jasaw Chan KĘĽawiil I
902:Andean civilizations
829:Shaft tomb tradition
400:Sagarnaga, Antonio.
159:and as far south as
1827:Manco Inca Yupanqui
1132:Manteño-Huancavilca
601:Ancestral Puebloans
301:Museum Anthropology
187:, and constructing
139:which developed in
39:
2018:Prehistory of Peru
1950:Columbian exchange
1940:Portal:Mesoamerica
1092:La Tolita (Tumaco)
907:Indigenous peoples
646:Hopewell tradition
573:Indigenous peoples
313:10.1111/muan.12057
189:ridges and furrows
129:
55:Geographical range
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1975:Pre-Columbian art
1911:
1910:
1905:Francisco Pizarro
1871:Pedro de Alvarado
1187:Pucará de Tilcara
496:Sagárnaga, Jédu.
477:978-0-231-11157-7
460:Imperfect Balance
386:978-0-915703-78-4
253:Wankarani culture
121:
120:
85:1400 BCE - 400 CE
49:Area of influence
16:(Redirected from
2035:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1914:
1900:Spanish Conquest
1877:Spanish Conquest
1852:Spanish Conquest
1841:Spanish Conquest
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292:
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215:ceramic timeline
165:Formative Period
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40:
21:
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2008:
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1843:
1829:
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1808:
1804:
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1798:Quemuenchatocha
1796:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1727:
1596:
1505:
1479:
1468:
1415:Human Sacrifice
1412:
1404:Human Sacrifice
1401:
1375:
1348:Mayan Languages
1276:
888:
720:
577:
558:Genetic history
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328:
294:
293:
289:
276:
275:
266:
261:
248:Chiripa culture
244:
236:Tiwanaku Valley
223:
210:
173:
135:culture was an
116:Tiwanaku Empire
106:Jisk'a Iru Muqu
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1760:Notable Rulers
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307:(2): 118–132.
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1846:Hernán Cortés
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899:
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894:South America
891:
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1768:Moctezuma II
1725:Inca history
1650:Andean Music
1594:Architecture
1589:Architecture
1584:Architecture
1579:Architecture
1575:Architecture
1569:Gender Roles
1314:Tenochtitlan
1237:Timoto–Cuica
1232:Tierradentro
1181:
1017:Casma–Sechin
749:Chalcatzingo
491:
481:, retrieved
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225:The rise of
224:
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174:
157:Cuzco Valley
132:
130:
1831:TĂşpac Amaru
1815:Manco Cápac
1764:Moctezuma I
1675:Agriculture
1670:Agriculture
1665:Agriculture
1656:Agriculture
1599:Road System
1488:Mathematics
1353:Muysc Cubun
1207:San AgustĂn
1157:Monte Verde
834:Teotihuacan
726:Mesoamerica
621:Coles Creek
606:Anishinaabe
563:Archaeology
171:Agriculture
112:Followed by
102:Preceded by
2012:Categories
1802:Tisquesusa
1776:Cuauhtémoc
1772:Cuitláhuac
1102:Lauricocha
1072:Gran Chaco
1062:Cupisnique
1047:Chinchorro
1022:Chachapoya
1012:Caral–Supe
854:Tlaxcaltec
844:Teuchitlán
759:ChupĂcuaro
686:Plum Bayou
681:Plaquemine
651:Marksville
616:Chichimeca
483:2024-06-03
427:: 104035.
259:References
185:hydraulics
161:Tiahuanaco
1823:Atahualpa
1819:Pachacuti
1794:Nemequene
1660:Chinampas
1482:Astronomy
1471:Astronomy
1451:Mythology
1446:Mythology
1441:Mythology
1436:Mythology
1432:Mythology
1262:Wankarani
1252:Tuncahuán
1142:Marajoara
1097:Las Vegas
983:Atacameño
879:Xochipala
819:Purépecha
779:Epi-Olmec
769:Cuicuilco
711:Troyville
701:St. Johns
441:2352-409X
360:0081-1300
346:: 87–89.
321:0892-8339
91:Type site
73:Formative
1919:See also
1837:Conquest
1810:Zoratama
1477:Calendar
1466:Calendar
1461:Calendar
1457:Calendar
1426:Religion
1421:Religion
1410:Religion
1399:Religion
1395:Religion
1384:Numerals
1378:Numerals
1339:Language
1319:Multiple
1257:Valdivia
1242:Tiwanaku
1202:Saladoid
1197:Quimbaya
1087:Kuhikugu
1067:Diaguita
1057:Chorrera
874:Veraguas
869:Veracruz
849:Tlatilco
661:Mogollon
568:Cultures
546:Americas
242:See also
232:paqarina
227:Tiwanaku
202:Moquegua
1806:Tundama
1735:Peoples
1720:History
1715:History
1710:History
1706:History
1700:Cuisine
1695:Cuisine
1690:Cuisine
1685:Cuisine
1681:Cuisine
1539:Warfare
1534:Warfare
1529:Warfare
1525:Warfare
1519:Society
1514:Economy
1503:Society
1498:Society
1494:Society
1364:Writing
1358:Quechua
1343:Nahuatl
1310:Capital
1247:Toyopán
1227:Tairona
1137:Mapuche
1052:Chiripa
1027:Chancay
998:Cañaris
973:Amotape
968:El Abra
884:Zapotec
864:Totonac
839:Tepanec
824:Quelepa
794:Mezcala
784:Huastec
754:Cholula
744:Capacha
739:Acolhua
696:Sinagua
671:Patayan
641:Hohokam
631:Fremont
282:unm.edu
153:Pukaras
1749:Muisca
1744:Mayans
1739:Aztecs
1373:Script
1368:Script
1328:Bacatá
1299:Muisca
1182:Pucará
1177:Piaroa
1172:Paiján
1167:Omagua
1122:Lupaca
1117:Lokono
1082:Kalina
1077:Huetar
1037:ChavĂn
1032:Chango
1007:Nariño
1003:CapulĂ
993:Calima
988:Aymara
978:Arawak
859:Toltec
809:Olmecs
804:Nicoya
799:Mixtec
774:Diquis
676:Picosa
666:Oshara
636:Glades
626:Dorset
474:
439:
383:
358:
319:
181:alpaca
149:Pucará
141:Qullaw
133:Pucará
96:Pukara
69:Period
63:Qullaw
38:Pucará
18:Pucará
1754:Incas
1645:Music
1640:Music
1635:Music
1631:Music
1564:Women
1559:Women
1554:Women
1550:Women
1508:Trade
1389:Quipu
1333:Cusco
1324:Hunza
1289:Aztec
1222:TaĂno
1217:Sican
1212:Shuar
1162:Nazca
1152:Mollo
1147:Moche
1127:Luzia
1042:ChimĂş
814:Pipil
789:Izapa
764:Coclé
706:Thule
596:Adena
198:Cuzco
194:Andes
79:Dates
1544:Army
1326:and
1304:Inca
1294:Maya
1272:ZenĂş
1267:Wari
1112:Lima
472:ISBN
437:ISSN
381:ISBN
356:ISSN
317:ISSN
200:and
179:the
131:The
59:Puno
1625:Art
1620:Art
1615:Art
1610:Art
1606:Art
464:doi
429:doi
348:doi
309:doi
204:.
2014::
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