40:
521:
373:
621:) chances for a political career were ruined. Tiberius himself fell under severe criticism for recommending Varus as the governor of Germania. Tiberius, according to Gaius Stern, was forced to sacrifice his friend and former brother-in-law to save his career. Furthermore, Varus himself had been one of the figures on the
566:
testifies that some Roman cavalrymen abandoned the infantry and fled towards the Rhine, but they were intercepted by the German tribesmen and killed. Varus himself, upon seeing all hope was lost, killed himself by falling on his sword. Arminius cut off his head and sent it to
Bohemia as a present to
328:
whose manuscript tradition
Walther John believed to be corrupt) that the son of Varus, also named "Publius Quinctilius Varus", served under him during his command in Syria. If true, that son would have to be a son by a prior marriage and not the son by his last wife, Claudia Pulchra. It is possible
272:
Varus had three sisters, all named
Quinctilia. They were probably all younger based on when they started having children, so it seems likely he was born at least four years before his father's suicide. The fact that they had advantageous marriages indicates someone was involved in their upbringing.
538:
Not only was Varus' trust in
Arminius a terrible misjudgement, but Varus compounded it by placing his legions in a position where their fighting strengths would be minimized and those of the Germanic tribesmen maximized – because he expected no ambush and very little trouble in intimidating the
595:
Due to the shame and the ill luck thought to be created by the Roman defeat, the XVII, XVIII and XIX legions never again appeared in the Roman Army's order of battle. The loss at the
Teutoburg Forest was keenly felt by Augustus in his remaining years. According to the biographer
628:
Stern has proposed that common citizens vandalized the Ara Pacis by damaging Varus in anger over their lost loved ones, leaving the regime, which had blamed Varus, uncertain as to whether or not to fix the damage. Approximately 40 years after Varus' death, a general under
1215:
687:(2014) by B. V. Larson, a series set in 2099, in which the main character fights with the Earth Mercenary Legion Varus. Much of the legion's culture and structure sources from Roman history and general Varus's life.
616:
describes
Augustus' reaction to the defeat as one of the few times the normally stoic ruler lost his composure. Varus' political legacy in Rome was destroyed and the government blamed him for the defeat. His son's
1212:
292:. Varus accompanied Augustus on a three-year tour of the eastern provinces between 22 BC and 19 BC, winning public acknowledgement while he was there. Around 15 BC, Varus spent a year or more serving as the
582:
and Florus report that the victorious
Germanic tribes tortured and sacrificed captive officers to their gods on altars that could still be seen years later. The Romans did later recover the lost legions'
1404:
600:, upon hearing the news, Augustus tore his clothes, refused to cut his hair for months and, for years afterwards, was heard, upon occasion, to yell, "Quinctilius Varus, give me back my legions!" (
459:, in an attempt at achieving a further major expansion of the Roman Empire together with a shortening of its frontier line. They subdued several Germanic tribes, such as the
360:, sister of Augustus. Hence she was a grand-niece of Augustus. His marriage to Pulchra shows that Varus still enjoyed political favor. Pulchra bore Varus a son, also called
1444:
1394:
146:
910:, pp. 64-5 follow Sir Ronald Syme that Varus married three times and his first wife is unknown. Likewise, the mother of Vipsania is also uncertain. Some think her
575:, the other most important Germanic leader, whom Arminius wanted to coax into an alliance, but Marbod declined the offer and sent the head on to Rome for burial.
463:. In 6 AD, Tiberius declared Germania pacified, and Varus was appointed to govern it. Tiberius, who would later rule as emperor, left the region to suppress the
1334:
659:, a novelization of the reigns of the first four emperors. Varus does not actually appear in the novel, but his defeat by the Germans is an important event.
1319:
Arminius / Varus. The Battle of the
Teutoburg Forest – Internet-Portal "Westfälische Geschichte", LWL-Institut für westfälische Regionalgeschichte, Münster
334:
282:
444:
274:
296:
of the 19th Legion while it was stationed at
Dangstetten, as evidenced by a luggage-tag bearing his name and position excavated from the site. When
973:"The Case for Another Son of P. Quinctilius Varus: a re-examination of the textual and scholarly traditions around Joseph. BJ 2.68 and AJ 17.288"
618:
361:
171:
1345:
435:
a popular full-scale boycott of Roman pottery (red slip ware) , in protest of Varus' curlety. Following the massacre , Varus returned to
1434:
874:
513:(a Roman citizen and leader of an auxiliary cavalry unit) of a growing revolt in the Rhine area to the West. Ignoring a warning from
320:, daughter of Agrippa, at an unknown date before 13 BC. Varus became a personal friend to Marcus Agrippa and Tiberius. The historian
269:
in 42 BC. The mother of Varus is unknown; Syme notes that "no relatives on either side of the family can be discovered or surmised."
1439:
1362:
836:
811:
353:
39:
554:
The heavily forested, swampy terrain made the infantry manoeuvres of the legions impossible to execute and allowed the
Germans to
1449:
1419:
1414:
1338:
520:
246:
702:
671:; fourth book of the mystery series set during the reign of Vespasian, a portion of the novel occurs in the Teutoburger Wald.
544:
484:
262:
214:
151:
1304:
1264:
Gaius Stern, "Varus’ Legacy After Teutoburger Wald: Roman POWs, Tiberius, and the Ara Pacis," CAMWS 2009, Minneapolis, MN.
333:, who might have ended up adopted by his sister's husband after Varus and Vipsania died. That would explain why a son of
1424:
972:
681:, which details the events leading up to the battle, including a great deal of background information on Varus himself.
1399:
1366:
763:
722:
400:
from 7–6 BC until 4 BC with four legions under his command, where he was known for his harsh rule and high taxes. The
330:
1280:
1137:
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1200:
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from Varus' army. Claudius welcomed them home after their long captivity, their stories arousing much pity.
428:
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241:
notes, "The sole and last consul of that family", Sextus Quinctilius, "had been two years antecedent to the
911:
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20:
1384:
663:
464:
408:
mentions the swift action of Varus against a messianic revolt after the death of the Roman client king,
293:
254:
1389:
440:
344:
Vipsania disappears from history. It is unknown whether she died or was divorced. Varus then married
1101:
562:
Hill, north of OsnabrĂĽck. Accounts of the defeat are scarce, due to the totality of the defeat, but
1429:
776:
563:
357:
992:
634:
266:
377:
829:
Publius Quinctilius Varus : The Man Who Lost Three Roman Legions in the Teutoburg Disaster
1409:
870:
832:
807:
471:
made Publius Quinctilius Varus the first "officially appointed" governor of the newly created
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Despite his father's political allegiances, Varus became a supporter of Julius Caesar's heir,
1275:
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by birth, his family, the Quinctilii Vari, had long been impoverished and was unimportant;
1308:
1219:
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804:
Publius Quinctilius Varus: The Man Who Lost Three Roman Legions in the Teutoburg Disaster
489:
In September 9 AD Varus was preparing to leave his summer headquarters in Vetera (today
584:
524:
118:
934:
Syme, Severy, Abdale), she was both daughter of Agrippa and a great-niece to Augustus.
424:, making him one of the prime objects of popular resentment against Rome in Judaea .
1378:
996:
668:
656:
613:
300:
died in early 12 BC, Varus delivered the funeral eulogy alongside the future emperor
258:
191:
1252:
18.1; see also the Vell. Pat. 2.117. Both historians preserve "the official version"
578:
Some captured Romans were caged and burned alive; others were enslaved or ransomed.
261:. Although Sextus survived the defeat, it is unknown whether he was involved in the
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not to trust Arminius, Varus marched his forces behind the latter's lead.
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tribe along with other allies, had skillfully laid an ambush, and in the
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558:. On the third day of fighting, the Germans overwhelmed the Romans at
943:
John, Walther. "Zu den Familienhältnissen des P. Quinctilius Varus",
568:
490:
452:
397:
519:
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conducted long campaigns in Germania, the area north of the Upper
421:
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in 49 BC. This Sextus aligned with the Senatorial Party in the
1296:
364:. Through their son, they may have had further descendants.
190:, AD 9) was a Roman general and politician under the first
304:. With his political career thus boosted, he was elected
916:
Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire
908:
Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire
867:
Rome's Greatest Defeat: Massacre in the Teutoburg Forest
1161:
Velleius Paterculus, 2.119.3; Florus 2.30.38; Dio 56.21
928:
Women, Children, and Senators on the Ara Pacis Augustae
197:. Varus is generally remembered for having lost three
1405:
Ancient Roman military personnel who died by suicide
329:
that this son might have instead been an older son,
167:
142:
124:
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88:
77:
61:
49:
30:
1314:Discussion on the meaning of the "VAR" countermark
1222:; Dio 55.23, see also Vell. Pat. 2.117-124; Suet.
606:). Roman historians referred to the battle as the
1055:Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg
1017:
1015:
918:, p.p.64-5. Others think Agrippa's first wife,
904:Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg
439:. Between 10 BC and 6 AD Tiberius, his brother
509:), when news arrived from the Germanic prince
637:, raided Germany and by chance rescued a few
8:
831:. Pen & Sword Military. pp. 33–36.
806:. Pen & Sword Military. pp. 26–30.
893:(Cambridge: University Press, 2012), p. 457
601:
427:Per archeological evidence , the people of
147:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
16:Roman general and politician (46 BC – AD 9)
1323:
744:
742:
740:
547:in September at Kalkriese (East of modern
384:In 8–7 BC, Varus governed the province of
38:
27:
531:of Varus falling on his sword during the
281:, consul of 29 BC; and the third married
1260:
1258:
479:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest and death
1445:Suicides by sharp instrument in Germany
1395:1st-century BC Roman governors of Syria
1136:Bordewich, Fergus M. (September 2006).
1042:A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women
891:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy
752:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 313
736:
308:in 13 BC as the colleague of Tiberius.
587:, one each in 15 AD, 16 AD and 42 AD.
505:– with him to Moguntiacum (modern-day
1302:Livius.org: Publius Quinctilius Varus
551:), the Romans marched right into it.
172:Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger
7:
969:See a full account of the debate in
249:, was a senator who had served as a
930:(Berk. diss. 2006). If the former (
277:, consul of 35 BC; another married
697:, track four on their first album
265:. Sextus killed himself after the
14:
1363:Marcus Valerius Messalla Appianus
1138:"The Ambush That Changed History"
354:Marcus Valerius Messalla Appianus
625:, but the figure is lost today.
493:) and march three legions – the
201:when ambushed by a coalition of
1339:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Augur
1213:Suetonius, Vita Divi Augusti 23
1080:66 A.D. – The Last Revolt (DVD)
356:. Her maternal grandmother was
352:and the Roman consul of 12 BC,
703:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
603:Quintili Vare, legiones redde!
545:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
485:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
285:, son of the consul of 36 BC.
263:assassination of Julius Caesar
215:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
152:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
1:
1335:Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi
245:" (i.e. 453 BC). His father,
1126:Velleius Paterculus, 2.118ff
556:defeat the legions in detail
1367:Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
764:Commentarii de Bello Civili
445:Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
331:Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus
275:Publius Cornelius Dolabella
229:Background and early career
1468:
977:Journal of Ancient History
971:Crosby, Daniel J. (2016).
533:Battle of Teutoburg Forest
482:
473:Roman province of Germania
388:. Later he went to govern
341:, which implied adoption.
324:says (in a section of his
44:Varus (left, sitting down)
18:
1435:Roman governors of Africa
1359:
1343:
1331:
1326:
1297:Varusbattle in Netherland
947:86.2 (1958), pp. 251–255.
701:. The poem describes the
539:rebels. Arminius and the
412:in 4 BC. After occupying
376:As Lugdunum I (RIC 230),
362:Publius Quinctilius Varus
180:Publius Quinctilius Varus
37:
32:Publius Quinctilius Varus
1440:Roman governors of Syria
1068:The Augustan Aristocracy
865:Murdoch, Adrian (2009).
750:The Augustan Aristocracy
675:Give Me Back My Legions!
348:. She was a daughter of
298:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
247:Sextus Quinctilius Varus
84:via falling on the sword
209:, the chieftain of the
1450:Ancient Roman generals
1420:Julio-Claudian dynasty
1415:Imperial Roman consuls
1355:Tiberius Claudius Nero
912:Claudia Marcella Major
602:
535:
381:
350:Claudia Marcella Minor
335:Lucius Nonius Asprenas
312:Marriages and children
283:Lucius Nonius Asprenas
1307:28 April 2014 at the
1091:Josephus, Ant. 17.299
989:10.1515/jah-2015-0017
926:(1933); Gaius Stern,
869:. The History Press.
827:Ball, Joanne (2023).
802:Ball, Joanne (2023).
664:The Iron Hand of Mars
610:("Varian disaster").
523:
465:Great Illyrian Revolt
375:
221:to avoid capture and
217:, where he committed
1180:; Florus 2.30.37-39.
1142:Smithsonian Magazine
853:Augustan Aristocracy
790:Augustan Aristocracy
19:For other uses, see
1425:People from Cremona
1106:Jewish Encyclopedia
1102:"Varus, Quintilius"
777:Velleius Paterculus
712:Varus is played by
685:Undying Mercenaries
645:Cultural depictions
564:Velleius Paterculus
358:Octavia the Younger
273:One sister married
78:Cause of death
1400:1st-century Romans
1327:Political offices
1218:2008-05-31 at the
1082:. History Channel.
889:Alison E. Cooley,
635:Pomponius Secundus
536:
382:
267:Battle of Philippi
233:Although he was a
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1372:
1360:Succeeded by
1226:49; Dio 55.18-24.
619:the younger Varus
223:shameful reproach
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212:
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192:Roman emperor
189:
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326:Antiquities
239:Ronald Syme
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1430:Quinctilii
1379:Categories
1112:16 October
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731:References
723:Barbarians
693:(2015) by
677:(2009) by
667:(1994) by
655:(1934) by
573:Marcomanni
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503:Nineteenth
499:Eighteenth
449:Germanicus
404:historian
337:was named
129:Legio XVII
109:Roman Army
89:Allegiance
1273:Tacitus,
1224:Div. Aug.
1189:Tacitus,
1170:Tacitus,
1147:26 August
1021:Tacitus,
997:163465685
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705:from the
623:Ara Pacis
598:Suetonius
591:Aftermath
560:Kalkriese
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527:'s 1830s
475:in 7 AD.
418:crucified
414:Jerusalem
255:civil war
243:Decemvirs
235:patrician
188:Kalkriese
137:Legio XIX
68:Kalkriese
1410:Germania
1305:Archived
1237:Tiberius
1235:Seager,
1216:Archived
1201:ii. 25.2
1053:Abdale,
1044:, p. 205
1029:iv. 66.1
956:Joseph.
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855:, p. 146
707:Cherusci
631:Claudius
541:Cherusci
515:Segestes
511:Arminius
469:Augustus
461:Cherusci
433:en masse
406:Josephus
322:Josephus
318:Vipsania
302:Tiberius
290:Octavian
257:against
251:quaestor
211:Cherusci
207:Arminius
195:Augustus
168:Children
125:Commands
103:Service/
97:Augustus
72:Germania
1281:xii. 27
1276:Annales
1239:, p.173
1197:i. 60.4
1192:Annales
1173:Annales
1057:, p. 65
1024:Annales
960:17.288.
761:Caesar
720:series
718:Netflix
695:Heilung
580:Tacitus
571:of the
437:Antioch
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453:Danube
447:, and
441:Drusus
429:Judaea
398:Levant
394:Judaea
386:Africa
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105:branch
1353:with
1350:13 BC
1178:i. 61
993:S2CID
699:Ofnir
567:King
507:Mainz
457:Rhine
420:2000
416:, he
390:Syria
53:46 BC
21:Varus
1250:Tib.
1149:2021
1114:2019
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833:ISBN
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