Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay

1801: 1177: 1665: 1106:, Chamberlain resigned, and Churchill became both Prime Minister and Minister of Defence. Ismay, who later called Churchill "the greatest War Prime Minister in our history", was "thrilled" by this development, and continued to act as Churchill's chief staff officer and military adviser. According to Churchill, the two developed a close "personal and official connection was preserved unbroken and unweakened" throughout the war. 1083: 1519:, scheduled to take place in 1951. Ismay accepted the offer, and on 10 March 1948, he officially took the position of chairman. The appointment was largely symbolic, and Ismay "was at least partly appointed to forestall potential criticism by his friend Winston Churchill." - according to Leventhal. The Council, however, wielded "slight, but not insignificant influence" and Ismay took his duties seriously. 804:, later an important British officer in both World Wars. Not long after the attack on Shimber Berris, however, the Camel Corps received orders from London "forbidding all offensive operations in Somaliland", due to the misfortunes of the Army elsewhere. As a result of this order, British operations were limited for the duration of the First World War, and Ismay's unit undertook no further major offensives. 864:. Depressed by the loss of life and destruction of the First World War, Ismay turned down the nomination, and "was even seriously thinking of resigning commission" in the Army. After arriving in London, Ismay was given twelve months of medical leave, and decided to stay in the army. He then attempted to reclaim his seat at the Staff College, but was told that it had already been given to someone else. 1438: 1300: 1292:, a noted strategist and historian, had somehow discovered the secret plans for the Normandy landings. This development had the potential to compromise the entire operation, so Ismay personally interviewed Liddell Hart, who claimed to have simply "worked it all out for himself" without any access to secret information. After their interview, Ismay directed the matter to the 908: 769: 1719:. Although Ismay was ill throughout most of the review and did relatively little of the work, "his influence was strong", and the final product of the review largely reflected his opinions. In the end, the Ismay–Jacob Report recommended strengthening the central power of the Ministry of Defence substantially, and in 1964, Parliament implemented its recommendations. 945:

responsible for seeing that all plans and preparations made by Government Departments or sub-committees of the CID to meet the eventuality of war, were incorporated under appropriate headings in a document known as the War Book." This task ended up consuming most of Ismay's time as Assistant Secretary, and gave him "exceptional insight into the ways of

76: 1203:. Ismay attended nearly all of the proceedings of the Conference, and helped work towards consensus where the Americans and British disagreed on issues. Ismay was also appointed to the committee which wrote the formal report of the conference. After the conference, Ismay visited the American headquarters in 1373:, becoming Prime Minister, Ismay kept his position, working with Attlee at the conference, but remained loyal to Churchill. Ismay and Churchill remained friends for the remainder of their lives, and Ismay even helped Churchill write his memoirs, reviewing and commenting on each chapter of his manuscript. 837:, Ismay's forces first attempted the attack and were repulsed by strong resistance. That night, however, Hassan and his forces fled Jid Ali to take refuge in the countryside. Ismay was assigned to track down and capture Hassan, but he "had no idea of where he was", and was forced to begin a large search. 1551:

in his cabinet. Ismay "was overjoyed at the prospect of serving under Churchill again" and accepted the post immediately. Although not a politician, Ismay was well-suited for the position because of his close relationships with the leaders of the commonwealth countries, largely the result of his work

1522:

Ismay helped to ensure that the festival would be truly national in character, rather than just confined to London. As such, in June 1949, he called together all of the mayors in Britain to discuss the festival; this was the first meeting of all British mayors since 1916. Ismay also publicly defended

1467:

When Ismay and Mountbatten arrived, they were committed to preserving a unified India, but Ismay soon realised "that the Moslem League would not agree to any plan which did not provide for the creation of Pakistan as an independent sovereign state." In April, after several unsuccessful meetings with

1057:

attempting to resolve the crisis, Ismay ordered the digging of trenches in London as protection against air attacks, should war occur. Ismay later said that he thought Britain should have gone to war at Munich instead of waiting, but said nothing at the time. As it became increasingly clear that war

872:

While on medical leave, Ismay met Laura Kathleen Clegg, with whom he quickly fell in love. The two were engaged only three weeks after meeting. After four months, however, Ismay was proclaimed fit for duty, despite his remaining eight months of leave, and ordered back to India, where he rejoined his

784:

in Europe. Like other officers in Somaliland, Ismay was "unhappy at being left out of the great war" and repeatedly asked for a transfer to the European front. In the end, however, Ismay's superiors decided that he was "so indispensable that, despite his longing for action in Europe, he was retained

1636:

was even put in place, he opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that "the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force" thus making apparent that NATO alliance ("the police force") was directed against the USSR. As stated

1502:

to hold an immediate referendum over whether his territory would join India or Pakistan. Once again, Ismay was unsuccessful and Singh "changed the subject" each time that Ismay tried to discuss the referendum. Throughout the period immediately following independence, Ismay also tried to ensure that

1490:

Once the partition plan had been accepted, Ismay worked on implementing the details. In particular, Ismay dealt with the issue of dividing the Indian Army. Based on his own experiences and love of the Indian Army, Ismay did his "utmost to persuade" the leaders of the new Indian and Pakistani states

1463:

and Ismay offered to serve as his chief of staff. Thus, in March 1947, Ismay left with Mountbatten for India to help preside over its transition to independence. After arriving in India, Ismay soon came to the conclusion that the situation there was dire, heading for civil war, and told Mountbatten

1156:

arrived in Britain to command the American forces. He established close relations with Ismay, who liked him greatly, and assisted him in co-ordinating with both British forces and the Cabinet. Eisenhower thought highly of Ismay, remembering him for his "stalwart support", and noting, "He was one of

1124:

In his role, Ismay handled "nearly all military messages" from Churchill to the Service Chiefs. Ismay also gave Churchill advice on military matters, and often "begged him to be reasonable" when he contemplated foolish actions, believing that Churchill's greatest fault was his "impetuous nature and

1032:

defences and co-ordination among the military services. As the crisis in Europe escalated, however, Hankey announced his intention to retire in June 1938. Hankey hoped that one person, preferably Ismay, would inherit all of the positions he had occupied, including Secretary of the CID, clerk of the

1655:

was immediately chosen as his successor, but Ismay remained in office until May 1957, when he left with "the affection and respect" of all the NATO members. While Secretary General, Ismay is also credited as having been the first person to say that the purpose of NATO was "to keep the Soviet Union

1019:

In 1936, Maurice Hankey became determined to "bring Ismay in as his deputy and eventual successor" at the CID. Hoping that the appointment would "strengthen the organization of the CID" and enhance its influence, Hankey offered Ismay the position of Deputy Secretary. Although the appointment meant

1628:

As the first Secretary General, Ismay was "assuming an entirely new role in the history of international organizations," and as such he helped to define the position itself. While Ismay "deemed it wise not to step too boldly in a political role" in disputes among the members, he asserted himself

1027:

As Deputy Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence, Ismay had broad responsibilities, and was "concerned with every aspect of planning and preparation for a war which seemed imminent." Ismay dealt extensively with a variety of matters and focussed much of his attention on the preparation of

944:

As Assistant Secretary, Ismay directed several of the CID's subcommittees, including those for Censorship and War Emergency Legislation, Principal Supply Officers, and Co-ordination of Departmental Action. As the Secretary of the Committee for the Co-ordination of Departmental Action, Ismay "was

1595:

Eden asked Ismay to accept the position, but his response "was an immediate and emphatic negative," as he saw NATO as an overly bureaucratic and inefficient organisation and complained that the position of Secretary General was "divided and ill-defined." Churchill then personally asked Ismay to

1506:

The situation in India continued to deteriorate throughout the summer and autumn of 1947. Nevertheless, Ismay and Mountbatten had agreed that Ismay would remain in his position for only three to four months after partition. In December 1947, he left India to return to England. Shortly after his

1113:

in June 1940. From the very moment he became Prime Minister, Churchill "relied heavily on General Pug Ismay," who provided a crucial bridge to the military establishment. Ismay served as the "principal assistant to Mr. Churchill in his capacity as Minister of Defence", continued to serve as the

983:

In this role, Ismay served as the "unofficial link" between Willingdon and the Indian Army. He also led Willingdon's personal staff, and organised his many trips throughout India. Ismay was also responsible for Willingdon's safety, and took precautions after he was threatened by assassins. In

1555:

As a result of his military background and experience, Ismay became "more closely involved in defence matters than is usual for a Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations," and often served as de facto Minister of Defence and serving as temporary Minister of Defence until the permanent

607:

was "to keep the Soviet Union out, the Americans in, and the Germans down," a saying that has since become a common way to describe the dynamics of NATO. He served in this role until 1957, and helped establish and define the position. After retiring from NATO, Ismay wrote his memoirs,

1338:. He found the conference different from the previous ones where "the military element had been the prima donna, occupying the centre of the stage." Instead, at Yalta, political issues took precedence, leaving Ismay and other military advisers "waiting for calls that never came". 1259:

of Germany. Ismay and the British were strongly opposed, and Ismay wrote a long paper against the idea, which became the basis of British policy on the subject. At Teheran, Ismay helped to argue the case for Operation Overlord, but immediately after the conference he developed

1121:, Churchill's private secretary, wrote that Ismay had the "tact, patience, and skill in promoting compromise" needed to keep the war running smoothly." Ismay had the additional advantage of being admired by the Service Chiefs for his long and distinguished record as a soldier. 1629:

strongly on issues relevant to the organisation of NATO. From the very beginning of his time in office, Ismay worked to empower the permanent representatives to NATO, and emphasised that they had the same legal authority to make decisions as the NATO foreign ministers.

1380:. After this victory, Ismay "would have liked to retire at once", but at Attlee's request he remained in the military for another year. Before continuing work, however, Ismay travelled to New York on 6 September, for a six-week vacation; he received a warm welcome. 1149:. Because British participation in the conference was a secret, Ismay faked influenza to explain his absence from London while it was taking place. The Conference was also the first time that Ismay worked closely with the Americans, whom he found "quite congenial." 884:. Ismay excelled at the Staff College, and its commandant called him "one of the two best, if not the best, of the students who have passed through my hands." In his final thesis at the Staff College, Ismay correctly predicted that the next European war would be a 929:. Although Ismay "had no desire to learn to be a pilot", he was happy for the opportunity to return to England, and went to study at the college. After completing the programme, he was approached about the possibility of serving as an Assistant Secretary of the 1074:, and began to work closely with Chamberlain, accompanying him on a visit to France in December 1939. Ismay disagreed with several Allied strategic choices, including the decision to try to stop the German advance in Belgium, but kept his doubts to himself. 1564:. In January 1952, he accompanied Churchill to a meeting in Ottawa about the alliance, and in February 1952 he attended the NATO Lisbon Conference as the British Ministry of Defence representative. When leaving the conference, Ismay remarked to 1157:

those men whose great ability condemned him throughout the war to a staff position. Consequently his name may be forgotten; but the contributions he made to the winning of the war were equal to those of many whose names became household words."

937:. Ismay gladly accepted the position, starting work in December 1925. In the six months between finishing the Staff College and beginning at the CID, Ismay returned to India and held a staff position at the headquarters of the Indian Army in 1218:, who is often described as his American counterpart. The two developed a friendly relationship, and Leahy wrote in his memoirs: "General Sir Hastings Ismay became my favorite, perhaps because his position closely paralleled my own". 695:, where he served a one-year mandatory apprenticeship. After leaving the regiment, Ismay did not immediately find a place in the Indian cavalry, so he spent nine months floating among positions with various British and Indian units. 655:, in 1904. Ismay would later write: "Sandhurst never meant nearly so much to me as Charterhouse had", but he enjoyed his time at the college and studied alongside many men who went on to become important military officers, including 1020:

that Ismay would probably never command troops again, he viewed it as an important opportunity and "accepted with scarcely a moment's hesitation." A week thereafter, Ismay received a letter offering him the command of a cavalry

1094:

took control of the Military Co-ordination Committee, charged with overseeing all of the military services. He selected Ismay as his chief staff officer, which also gave Ismay the additional responsibility of serving on the

5324: 757:. Ismay decided that this was "just the sort of job that wanted," and applied immediately. Due to his reputation "as a thorough and dependable officer of sound judgement," Ismay was appointed second in command of the 1523:

the large cost of the festival, and emphasised its historic nature, saying, "We are consciously and deliberately determined to make history." Once the festival opened, Ismay hosted various notable guests, including

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old regiment. His time back in India was relatively quiet, as there was "no serious fighting" in the area of his regiment at the time. In February 1921, Ismay took the qualifying exam for the Staff College in

4117: 844:, the effort to capture him was called off. Though Hassan was never captured, his power was broken, and he died in December 1920 of influenza. For his service in the effort against Hassan, Ismay received the 1588:, but he declined. As such, the allies scrambled to find someone else to take the position. Two weeks later, the countries agreed to ask Ismay to become Secretary General at the suggestion of Churchill and 1044:

In the end, Ismay was named only to the position of Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence, effective 1 August 1938. Ismay assumed the position scarcely more than a year before the outbreak of the

899:, beginning a long-standing personal and professional relationship between the two. Ismay found that his work as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General "was a valuable experience", but did not enjoy it. 1507:

return, Ismay served briefly on the British delegation to the United Nations to deal with the Kashmir issue. Ismay played only a limited role, as the Pakistanis suspected him of pro-Indian sympathies.

1417:

In November 1946, Ismay announced his intention to retire. Attlee accepted his retirement, effective on 31 December 1946. Immediately after retiring, in the 1947 New Year Honours, Ismay was created a

1152:

Ismay would continue to work closely with the Americans throughout the remainder of the war, and he accompanied Churchill on his 1942 trip to the United States. Shortly after their return, US General

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Ismay, however, "had a sneaking desire to be a cavalry soldier", and after doing poorly on his final examinations at Charterhouse, he was ineligible to attend Cambridge. As a result, he entered the

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In December 1956, Ismay decided to retire from NATO. He told the press that "he was not giving up his position for personal reasons, but because he felt it needed a fresh hand and a fresh brain."

952:

While serving as Assistant Secretary, Ismay made important friends and gained the backing of Hankey, by whom he was "greatly valued". Largely through Hankey's influence, Ismay was nominated as a

749:

In early 1914, just before Ismay's appointment as adjutant was set to expire, he met C. A. L Howard, another British officer serving in India, who told him about an opportunity to serve with the

557:

On 1 August 1938, shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, Ismay became the Committee's Secretary and began planning for the impending war. In May 1940, when Winston Churchill became

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In April, Ismay returned to London on leave, and married Clegg, with whom he eventually had three daughters. Ismay remained in London until February 1922, when he entered the Staff College at

840:

Ismay pursued Hassan for nearly two weeks, and managed to capture many members of his family and people close to him, including seven of his sons. Hassan himself managed to evade Ismay and on

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to take control of the forces in Somaliland and defeat Hassan conclusively in battle. After Hoskins arrived, his initial plan for dealing with Hassan focussed on the use of the newly formed

1712:. In his memoirs, Ismay focussed principally on his Second World War service, and as such, one reviewer called them "a most significant addition to the literature of the Second World War." 5384: 822:, so Ismay and the Camel Corps were consigned to a minor role. Hoskins's plans, however, were found "overscaled and far too costly", so they were shelved throughout most of 1918 and 1919. 612:, served on a variety of corporate boards, and co-chaired the Ismay–Jacob Committee, which reorganised the Ministry of Defence once again. He died on 17 December 1965, at his home, 1240:

in October and November, where he served as Eden's top military adviser. At the conference, Ismay handled all of the Soviet questions about the planning for Operation Overlord, and met

5334: 1244:

personally for the first time. After the conference, Ismay wrote that he "was optimistic about post-war relations with Russia", showing his belief that the meeting had gone well.

1383:

Over the next year, Ismay worked largely on the issue of reform for the Ministry of Defence. From December 1945 to February 1946, Ismay worked with a small committee to draft the

1003:. Ismay enjoyed his work, and wrote that "intelligence is perhaps the most interesting of all Staff work." During his three years in the position, Ismay worked directly under Sir 5369: 5184: 1099:. While serving under Churchill had been a life-long dream for Ismay, he was initially sceptical about the duties of his new position, which seemed unclear and poorly defined. 1596:

accept the position, telling him that "NATO provided the best, if not the only, hope of peace in our time." After further urging, Ismay reluctantly agreed to take the job. On

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With the outbreak of the Second World War, the CID was immediately absorbed into the War Cabinet as Ismay had planned. In the midst of the turmoil, Ismay was promoted to

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impatience with opposition." When the Chiefs of Staff found Churchill's demands unfeasible, Ismay took the role of "converting the Prime Minister" to their viewpoint.

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Despite limited British activity, a few operations combined with the effort of local forces led to "a drastic weakening" of Hassan's forces by 1918. Thus, after the

5404: 5359: 5354: 5265: 4727: 408: 4123: 573:. For Ismay's advice and aid, "Churchill owed more, and admitted that he owed more" to him "than to anybody else, military or civilian, in the whole of the war." 5434: 5424: 5364: 5087: 1557: 1548: 1225:

in August 1943. Once again, Ismay attended along with Churchill. The Quebec Conference was the first time that the Allied leaders discussed the full details of

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Ismay's appointment to the position was well-received, enjoying the unanimous support of all the NATO members. The press and public also responded favourably.

706:. Ismay thoroughly enjoyed his time with the regiment, describing it as "blissful." In 1908, he saw his first action with the regiment, when it was sent into 5439: 1395: 412: 1547:

once again won a majority in Parliament, making Churchill Prime Minister for a second time. The day after the election, Churchill asked Ismay to become the

1800: 1479:, he sent Ismay back to London to present it to the British government. Ismay presented the plan to the Prime Minister and Cabinet, casting partition as a 439: 404: 400: 49: 1058:

was inevitable in 1939, Ismay also prepared for a "smooth, simple and practically instantaneous" transition from the Committee of Imperial Defence to the

5344: 3769: 5177: 1229:, so Ismay spent much of his time explaining details of the operation to Churchill and other leaders. During the conference, Ismay also observed that 5419: 1632:

Ismay was also a proponent of NATO expansion, saying that NATO "must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella." However, before the

1296:, who never found evidence of wrongdoing, although it is suspected that Liddell Hart may in fact have received information from military planners. 1345:, Ismay found it "quite impossible to be completely happy about the future," due to the lingering Japanese threat, and the rising threat of the 1694: 1411: 860:

In April 1920, Ismay left Somaliland for England. While en route, he received word that he had been nominated for a place at the Indian Army's

796:, was determined to end the rebellion forcefully and quickly, so on 17 November 1914, he launched a major assault against Hassan's fortress at 4618: 5429: 5233: 4140: 808: 1483:. Ismay stayed in England for the next month, and helped to alter the plan based on the cabinet's suggestions, before returning to India on 1319:

decided to visit the troops in Normandy, and selected Ismay to accompany him on the visit. In September, Ismay accompanied Churchill to the

5414: 5399: 5170: 1540: 1370: 1349:. Nonetheless, he was happy to be one of only three men to hold the same high government position throughout the war in Europe, along with 793: 762: 577: 558: 1388: 737:

of his regiment, a position which he held for four years, during which time he also read voraciously and developed a great admiration for

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wrote: "of all the candidates whose names have been mentioned, Lord Ismay would seem to have the strongest qualifications for the post."

1387:, which formed the basis of reforms implemented by Attlee later that year. For his role, Ismay became known as the "'chief architect' of 640:'s Legislative Council, and his mother, Beatrice Ellen, was the daughter of an Army colonel. Ismay began his education in Britain at the 3783: 1164:. Around the same time, his good relations with the Americans were recognised by others in the government. Thus, in November 1942, when 1050: 1008: 543: 714:

raiders who had taken several Hindu women as hostages. Immediately after Ismay's regiment returned from action, he was hospitalised in

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with Churchill. One major source of conflict at the Cairo Conference was an American proposal to appoint an overall commander for the

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On 20 May 1944, less than a month before the Normandy Landings were scheduled to take place, Ismay was promoted to the rank of full

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he offered his good offices to help resolve issues among members of the alliance. Ismay also offered to help mediate disputes over

1515:

Shortly after Ismay returned from the United Nations, Prime Minister Attlee asked him to become the chairman of the Council of the

1640:

As Secretary General, Ismay also worked to encourage closer political co-ordination among the members of the alliance. During the

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December 1932, Ismay was informed that his service with Willingdon was over and that he was expected to take up a position in the

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stories printed in the Indian and Pakistani press about the partition were accurate, but once again he was largely unsuccessful.

570: 1625:

wrote that Ismay would bring NATO "great authority, experience and energy and a personal charm that can dissolve difficulties."

991:

At the War Office, Ismay served as an intelligence officer with responsibility for the Middle East, Far East, the Americas, the

829:

commenced. After several days of bombing, Ismay was ordered to lead an assault by the Camel Corps against Hassan's fortress at

1833:

Dexter: A Private of the Somaliland Cavalry Corps; Sinister: A Sowar of the Indian Cavalry, both in field service dress proper

792:, known by the British as the "Mad Mullah", who had been fighting against them for more than twenty years. Ismay's commander, 5379: 1701: 812: 460: 61: 1656:

out, the Americans in, and the Germans down," a saying that has since become a common way to quickly describe the alliance.

592:, helping to organise and promote the event. Then, in 1951, when Churchill again became Prime Minister, he appointed Ismay 5409: 5134: 5051: 5026: 4974: 969: 930: 535: 1211: 675:

After completing the course at Sandhurst, Ismay was placed fourth overall in its examinations and was commissioned as a

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to meet with Eisenhower, and helped resolve some differences of opinion between Eisenhower and his British colleagues.

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Ismay was crucial to running the war effort, as he was able to effectively link the military and civilian leadership.

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Shortly after returning from Quebec, Ismay participated in his next conference, travelling with Anthony Eden to the

1109:

As part of this relationship, not long after Churchill became Prime Minister, he arranged for Ismay to be appointed

603:

in 1952. While Secretary General, Ismay is also credited as having been the first person to say that the purpose of

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US Department of State Historical Office (1968) . Aandahl, Fredrick; Franklin, William M.; Slany, William (eds.).

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Azure a Cross Crosslet Or on a Chief Argent a Maunch Sable between two pairs of Cavalry Swords in saltire proper.

1776: 1600:, the Atlantic Council officially passed a resolution appointing Ismay Secretary General, and he started work on 1577: 1560:, was able to take office. Through his close involvement in defence matters, Ismay began to be involved with the 1096: 600: 566: 484: 91: 1715:

In 1963, Ismay was again asked to assist in a review of the organisation of the British military along with Sir

1365:. Like Yalta, the conference focussed primarily on political issues, so there was little for Ismay to do. After 1320: 1312: 1237: 1146: 965: 789: 684: 531: 476: 376: 300: 4947: 780:

Ismay left India for Somaliland in late July 1914, and arrived on 9 August, shortly after the outbreak of the

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Secretary of the Imperial Defence Chiefs of Staff Committee, and became Deputy Secretary of the War Cabinet.

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During the year following the war, Ismay received many honours for his service. In August 1945, as part of

1233:"had had a breakdown". He took the information to Churchill who demanded Pound's resignation a week later. 1581: 1134: 801: 758: 523: 1637:

in the official NATO website "the request tested the limits of NATO's willingness to admit new members".

1133:

As Churchill's chief military adviser, Ismay frequently attended wartime conferences and meetings of the

5281: 5276: 5080: 1200: 1193: 1181: 892: 861: 168: 4952: 5319: 5314: 4032: 1153: 1049:, and the war totally dominated his time in office. Soon after Ismay took office, Hitler initiated a 36: 576:

After the end of the war, Ismay remained in the army for another year, and helped to reorganise the

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Foreign Relations of the United States: Conferences at Washington, 1941–1942, and Casablanca, 1943

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In Somaliland, the Camel Corps and other British soldiers were ordered to subdue an uprising by

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Pug Churchill's Chief of Staff: The Life of General Hastings Ismay KG GCB CH DSO PS, 1887 1965

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In October 1919, plans for Hoskins's operation were finally approved, and on 21 January 1920,

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Daniel, Clifton (13 March 1952). "Ismay Named Civilian Chief of Atlantic Pact Organization".

3780: 1877: 1425:, of Wormington in the County of Gloucester. He accepted the barony and took his seat in the 888:, but he incorrectly predicted that cavalry would continue to play a role in future warfare. 5286: 5254: 5243: 5213: 5126: 5000: 4798: 4653: 4409: 2282: 1675: 1652: 1565: 1460: 1445: 1335: 1284:, which were designed to deceive the Germans about the planned Normandy landings. In March, 1247:

Only four days after returning from the Moscow Conference, Ismay left England again for the

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In 1910, after a reorganisation of the Indian Army, Ismay's regiment moved from Risalpur to

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Winston Churchill with the Chiefs of Staff in 1945, including Ismay (standing on the right)

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Leventhal, Fred M. (Autumn 1995). "A Tonic to the Nation: The Festival of Britain, 1951".

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not to separate the army immediately. His efforts failed due to the opposition of Jinnah.

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In the first several months of 1944, Ismay spent almost all of his time planning for the

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applauded his "vast experience in military planning, strategy, and administration," and

1472:, Mountbatten came to the same conclusion and began drawing up plans for the partition. 1160:

Not long after Eisenhower arrived, on 16 August 1942, Ismay was promoted to the rank of

964:

In December 1930, after five years, Ismay left his position at the CID. He was promoted

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Two Cavalry Swords in saltire proper in front of a Crescent between two Annulets Gules.

1781: 1726:, Gloucestershire, at the age of 78. As he had no male heir, his title became extinct. 1426: 1366: 1304: 1141:, on their travels. Ismay's travel to the conferences began in 1941, when he went with 1082: 934: 911: 815: 797: 191: 5308: 5260: 5223: 5018: 4203: 4056: 3950: 3946: 1742: 1585: 1285: 1241: 1118: 1071: 1034: 1029: 1000: 730: 633: 562: 323: 274: 599:

Ismay accepted the position, but resigned after only six months to become the first

5218: 4911: 4248: 1709: 1589: 1528: 1346: 1230: 1138: 992: 688: 664: 358: 4088: 1437: 722:, but he recovered quickly and, along with the rest of his regiment, received the 644:, and his parents hoped that after completing his education there he would attend 4380: 4355: 565:. In that capacity, Ismay served as the principal link between Churchill and the 5249: 5228: 5147: 5064: 1641: 1633: 1568:, "this is the first that I have seen of NATO, and thank heaven it's the last." 1059: 922: 719: 707: 279: 233: 219: 1041:, decided that the positions should be split and assigned to different people. 5162: 4802: 1499: 1299: 1261: 1168:

visited Britain, Lady Ismay was chosen to host her for one night of her stay.

985: 874: 4346: 4270: 698:

In 1907, Ismay found a permanent position in the Indian cavalry, joining the

4470: 4400: 4316: 4251:(2004). "Hastings Lionel Ismay". In Matthew, H.C.G; Harrison, Brian (eds.). 4223: 4194: 4108: 3997: 3921: 1716: 1609: 1580:

who would direct the organisation's staff and serve as Vice-Chairman of the

1316: 1004: 946: 907: 885: 768: 656: 75: 4916:

General Hastings 'Pug' Ismay: Soldier, Statesman, Diplomat: A New Biography

4419: 4177: 4076: 4024: 3970: 3938: 1402:, an honour rarely bestowed on soldiers. The next January, he received the 475:) (21 June 1887 – 17 December 1965) was a British politician, diplomat and 4453: 4240: 4150: 4044: 3629:

Daniel, Clifton (28 February 1952). "Franks Rejection of Post Confirmed".

1794:

Coat of arms of Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay, KG, GCB, CH, DSO, PC, DL

1543:

held shortly after the conclusion of the Festival of Britain, Churchill's

1464:

that "India was a ship on fire in mid-ocean with ammunition in her hold."

1024:

in India, but declined, solidifying his choice to remain a staff officer.

4702:"4 September 2006 releases: Other subjects of Security Service enquiries" 1264:

and returned to England by ship, scrapping his other plans for the trip.

734: 733:, further from the frontier. Shortly thereafter, Ismay was appointed the 715: 703: 629: 499: 266: 17: 4665: 3933:. The Second World War. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1495: 1204: 1021: 711: 539: 1276:. As part of the planning, Ismay personally coordinated the plans for 1645: 1475:

Over the next month Mountbatten finalised his partition plan, and on

1377: 1342: 1324: 1214:

in May 1943. At the conference, Ismay first met the American Admiral

996: 938: 881: 830: 692: 4657: 1689:. His youngest daughter Mary had married George Seymour, equerry to 1062:, or whatever other wartime authority the government might choose. 1663: 1576:

At the Lisbon Conference, the members of NATO agreed to appoint a

1436: 1418: 1410:

in June. Finally, he was named the Chairman of the Council of the

1328: 1298: 1175: 1081: 906: 767: 1700:

He was appointed to boards of several corporations including the

588:. From 1948 to 1951, he served as chairman of the council of the 530:, where he joined in the British fight against the "Mad Mullah", 5197: 4682:"Lord Ismay, Ex-Churchill Aide, Leader in NATO, Is Dead at 78". 1137:

and accompanied other British leaders, such as Foreign Minister

604: 5166: 2385:"Lord Ismay, Ex-Churchill Aide, Leader in NATO, Is Dead at 78". 1376:

Shortly after the Potsdam Conference, the war in Asia ended on

4843: 1293: 5325:

British military personnel of the Fifth Somaliland Expedition

895:

of the Indian Army. In that position, he worked closely with

956:

in the Civil Division, an honour which he received in 1931.

3980:

The Autobiography of a Nation: The 1951 Festival of Britain

4468:"Advice on Defence: Imperial Committee in Peace and War". 2679:"Advice on Defence: Imperial Committee in Peace and War". 1037:, and Secretary to the Cabinet, but the Prime Minister, 877:, and passed, earning himself a seat for the next year. 561:, he selected Ismay as his chief military assistant and 554:, then returned to the CID as Deputy Secretary in 1936. 502:, India, in 1887, and educated in the United Kingdom at 2797: 2795: 891:

After the Staff College, Ismay became Deputy Assistant

5395:

Ministers in the third Churchill government, 1951–1955

4789:

O'Dea, Patrick V. (April 1962). "At the Summit".

1681:

Immediately after leaving NATO, Ismay was honoured by

534:. In 1925, Ismay became an Assistant Secretary of the 5330:

British Secretaries of State for Commonwealth Affairs

4562:"Army writer came close to exposing secrets of D-Day" 1210:

After Casablanca, Ismay accompanied Churchill to the

2271:(Supplement). 29 October 1920. pp. 10595–10596. 1693:, and their daughter Katharine is a god-daughter of 1323:. Ismay also accompanied Churchill on his visits to 1199:

In January 1943, Ismay accompanied Churchill to the

27:

British general, politician and diplomat (1887–1965)

925:suggested to Ismay that he apply for a seat at the 584:'s Chief of Staff in India, helping to oversee its 396: 382: 372: 364: 350: 342: 337: 329: 319: 311: 286: 249: 244: 226: 212: 186: 174: 162: 150: 132: 120: 108: 89: 34: 5390:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 5350:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst 4431: 4187:The NATO International Staff/Secretariat 1952–1957 632:, Kumaon, India, on 21 June 1887. His father, Sir 580:. He then retired from the military and served as 569:. Ismay also accompanied Churchill to many of the 4255:. Vol. 29. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2915:US Department of State Historical Office, p. 640. 1361:After VE Day, Ismay accompanied Churchill to the 5385:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour 4208:. New York: Caroll & Graff Publishers, Inc. 972:. Instead, he became the military secretary for 914:, Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence 811:ending the First World War, the government sent 800:. In the attack, Ismay fought closely alongside 772:A medal card showing Ismay's entitlement to the 4162:. New York: Holmes & Meier Publisher, Inc. 3092:"Other subjects of Security Service enquiries". 409:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour 4839:"With No Clear Mission, NATO Has Little Power" 4414:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 3642: 3640: 2666: 2664: 2239:(Supplement). 26 November 1920. p. 11777. 5335:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order 5178: 5088:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 4581:"First Chief of NATO, Lord Ismay, 78, Dies". 2785: 2783: 2781: 2248: 2246: 1859: 1857: 1549:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 1535:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 594:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 134:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 8: 5370:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 4551:"Dulles Gives Pledge to Save Allied Unity". 4005:Collins, Larry; LaPierre, Dominique (1975). 3874:"First Chief of NATO, Lord Ismay, 78, Dies". 3716: 3714: 3712: 3654: 3652: 3570: 3568: 3211: 3209: 3136: 3134: 1584:. The position was initially offered to Sir 1315:. After the successful D-Day landings, King 413:Companion of the Distinguished Service Order 4726:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4039:(3rd ed.). London: William Heinemann. 3982:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 3799:"Dulles Gives Pledge to Save Allied Unity". 3225:"The Queen Mary Sails with 15,000 Troops". 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1722:Ismay died on 17 December 1965 at his home 1408:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 538:(CID). After being promoted to the rank of 405:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 401:Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter 204:6 February 1947 – 17 December 1965 5375:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John 5185: 5171: 5163: 4957: 4943:NATO Declassified – Lord Ismay (biography) 3666: 3664: 2411: 2409: 2363: 2361: 2036: 2034: 1792: 1288:, Churchill's son-in-law, told Ismay that 74: 31: 5340:Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit 4282:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3807: 3805: 1221:After the Washington Conference came the 1111:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 4797:(2). University of Notre Dame: 299–300. 3557:"Miss Truman at South Bank Exhibition". 1934: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1901: 1899: 1704:. Ismay also began writing his memoirs, 1406:from the United States. He was promoted 146:28 October 1951 – 12 March 1952 4810:"Prime Minister in the United States". 4253:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1889: 1887: 1853: 700:21st Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry 516:21st Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry 491:'s chief military assistant during the 5405:People educated at Charterhouse School 5360:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour 5355:Graduates of the Staff College, Quetta 4719: 3952:Winston Churchill and His Inner Circle 2789:"Prime Minister in the United States". 1871: 1869: 1793: 1412:Royal National Institute for the Blind 1102:On 10 May, after the beginning of the 429:Hastings Lionel Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay 1448:, with his wife and Pakistani leader 1334:In February 1945, Ismay attended the 7: 5435:Indian Army personnel of World War I 5425:War Office personnel in World War II 5365:Indian Army generals of World War II 5063:Responsibilities transferred to the 4912:Kiszely, Lieutenant General Sir John 4093:. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 4061:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 3753:"Soviets tried to join Nato in 1954" 2897:"Mr. Churchill Meets Mr. Roosevelt". 559:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 104:24 March 1952 – 16 May 1957 5440:20th-century British Army personnel 4560:Evans, Michael (4 September 2006). 4385:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4301:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4189:. London: Oxford University Press. 2291:. 4 March 1921. pp. 1791–1792. 1009:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 4331:. Vol. 1–3. London: Collins. 4009:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2577:Roskill, Vol. 3, p. 205. 1751:Lord Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy 1708:, which were published in 1960 by 1562:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1459:was appointed as the last British 1455:Shortly after Ismay's retirement, 960:Lord Willingdon and the War Office 954:Companion of the Order of the Bath 25: 5345:Gloucestershire Regiment officers 4691:"M Spaak to Succeed Lord Ismay". 4133:The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay 1706:The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay 1400:Order of the Companions of Honour 1351:Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges 968:and hoped to take command of the 683:. Ismay was then attached to the 653:Royal Military College, Sandhurst 610:The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay 510:. After Sandhurst, he joined the 508:Royal Military College, Sandhurst 4895:"The Prime Minister in Canada". 4735:"Mr. Eden Sees Marshal Stalin". 4608:"Ismay to Study Service Unity". 4438:. London: Hutchinson of London. 3811:"M Spaak to Succeed Lord Ismay". 2761:"Knighthoods for the Services". 1799: 1691:Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother 1389:the post-war Ministry of Defence 5420:Somaliland Camel Corps officers 4837:Schorr, Daniel (1 April 2009). 4784:. 18 December 1965. p. 9a. 4695:. 15 December 1956. p. 6a. 4510:. 17 December 1946. p. 4g. 4479:"Allied Chiefs with the King". 4474:. 12 January 1939. p. 12e. 3847:"Ismay to Study Service Unity". 3820:"Court Circular" (16 May 1957). 3610:"Meeting of Foreign Ministers". 3339:. 21 January 1947. p. 411. 3229:. 6 September 1945. p. 2c. 3020:"Mr. Eden sees Marshal Stalin". 2960:"The Prime Minister in Canada". 1527:, the daughter of US President 1396:Churchill's resignation honours 1053:. While Chamberlain was at the 1007:, who would later serve as the 4948:Indian Army Officers 1939–1945 4877:"Sir M. Hankey's Successors". 4744:"N.A.T.O. Secretary General". 4739:. 28 October 1943. p. 4c. 4617:Joffe, Josef (19 March 2009). 4603:. 6 February 1947. p. 8a. 4594:. 7 November 1942. p. 4e. 4546:. 15 January 1952. p. 4a. 4501:. 17 January 1946. p. 7c. 4497:"British Officers Decorated". 4235:. New York: Whittlesey House. 3110:"Allied Chiefs with The King". 2992:. 30 October 1943. p. 4d. 2887:. 9 November 1942. p. 2a. 1702:Ashanti Goldfields Corporation 1: 5135:Peerage of the United Kingdom 5052:Committee of Imperial Defence 5027:Committee of Imperial Defence 4975:Committee of Imperial Defence 4899:. 11 August 1943. p. 4a. 4823:. 14 August 1945. p. 4g. 4766:. 1 January 1947. p. 4f. 4488:"Atlantic Council Deputies". 4058:Allies: Pearl Harbor to D-Day 3906:. London: Bellew Publishing. 3751:Traynor, Ian (17 June 2001). 3670:"N.A.T.O. Secretary General". 3320:"The New Years Honours List". 3275:"British Officers Decorated". 2252:"Sir M. Hankey's Successors". 1385:Statement Relating to Defence 1015:Committee of Imperial Defence 931:Committee of Imperial Defence 868:Marriage and service in India 741:, whom he sought to emulate. 648:and enter the civil service. 536:Committee of Imperial Defence 5430:British Indian Army generals 5266:Lord Robertson of Port Ellen 4757:. 23 March 1947. p. 6e. 4748:. 13 March 1952. p. 4e. 4677:. 11 March 1948. p. 4c. 4492:. 20 March 1952. p. 3a. 3679:"Atlantic Council Deputies". 188:Member of the House of Lords 5415:Secretaries general of NATO 5400:Barons created by George VI 4973:Assistant Secretary to the 4890:. 13 June 1946. p. 8a. 4881:. 2 June 1938. p. 14c. 4814:. 19 June 1942. p. 4a. 4775:. 26 July 1946. p. 3a. 4537:. 16 May 1957. p. 14b. 4528:. 22 May 1957. p. 16g. 4483:. 17 June 1944. p. 4d. 3955:. New York: Wyndham Books. 3929:Churchill, Winston (1948). 2883:"Women's Part in the War". 2873:Eisenhower, Dwight, p. 487. 2765:. 11 July 1940. p. 5g. 2469:Roskill (Volume 1), p. 531. 1685:with an appointment to the 1212:third Washington Conference 1051:crisis over the Sudetenland 846:Distinguished Service Order 785:in Somaliland until 1920." 724:India General Service Medal 5456: 4999:Military Secretary to the 4872:. 20 May 1944. p. 7g. 4863:. 9 June 1949. p. 3a. 4859:"Scope of 1951 Festival". 4762:"New Years Honours List". 4590:"General Ismay Promoted". 4158:Johnson, Franklyn (1980). 4135:. New York: Viking Press. 4119:NATO: The First Five Years 3561:. 5 June 1951. p. 4c. 1738:Churchill and the Generals 1674:of the late Lord Ismay in 1398:, he was appointed to the 1369:defeated Churchill in the 927:RAF Staff College, Andover 5295: 5204: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5123: 5117:Secretary General of NATO 5114: 5109: 5104: 5098:The Marquess of Salisbury 5094: 5085: 5077: 5072: 5048: 5040: 5033: 5023: 5015: 5007: 4997: 4991: 4981: 4971: 4965: 4960: 4868:"Sir H. Ismay Promoted". 4803:10.1017/S0034670500009748 4542:"Discussions in Ottawa". 4379:Sainsbury, Keith (1985). 4354:Sangster, Andrew (2023). 3770:Russian Admission to NATO 3739:Text of Soviet Note, p. 6 3547:"Scope of 1951 Festival". 2801:"General Ismay Promoted". 2751:Churchill (1948), p. 645. 1572:Secretary General of NATO 1457:Lord Mountbatten of Burma 1442:Lord Mountbatten of Burma 1357:Post-war military service 1097:Chiefs of Staff Committee 1078:Chiefs of Staff Committee 827:the attack against Hassan 601:Secretary General of NATO 582:Lord Mountbatten of Burma 567:Chiefs of Staff Committee 485:Secretary General of NATO 422: 240: 197: 181:The Marquess of Salisbury 139: 97: 92:Secretary General of NATO 85: 73: 5025:Deputy Secretary to the 4953:Generals of World War II 4886:"The Birthday Honours". 4780:"Obituary: Lord Ismay". 4753:"New Viceroy in Delhi". 4673:"Lord Ismay Appointed". 4506:"Cabinet Staff Change". 4280:A man and an institution 4131:Ismay, Hastings (1960). 4116:Ismay, Hastings (1954). 3688:Daniel (13 March 1952). 3601:"Discussions in Ottawa". 2819:Churchill (1949), p. 22. 1735:In the television drama 1494:Ismay also travelled to 1321:Second Quebec Conference 790:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan 761:, a cavalry unit led by 685:Gloucestershire Regiment 532:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan 5271:Alessandro Minuto-Rizzo 4819:"Resignation Honours". 4434:Lord Ismay: A Biography 4297:Oxbury, Harold (1985). 4231:Leahy, William (1950). 4205:Churchill as War Leader 4185:Jordan, Robert (1967). 3978:Conekin, Becky (2003). 3893:Overy, Richard (1989). 3720:"Obituary: Lord Ismay". 3520:"Lord Ismay Appointed". 3376:"New Viceroy in Delhi". 3311:"Cabinet Staff Change". 3284:"The Birthday Honours". 3101:"Sir H Ismay Promoted". 2988:"Mr. Eden at Kremlin". 1683:Queen Elizabeth II 1147:first Moscow Conference 850:mentioned in despatches 417:Mentioned in Despatches 271:North-Western Provinces 4791:The Review of Politics 4329:Hankey: Man of Secrets 4202:Lamb, Richard (1991). 4122:. NATO. Archived from 3266:"Resignation Honours". 2810:Colville, pp. 161–162. 1678: 1582:North Atlantic Council 1452: 1308: 1196: 1180:Ismay (top left) with 1087: 988:during the next year. 976:, the newly appointed 915: 802:Adrian Carton de Wiart 777: 759:Somaliland Camel Corps 636:, was a member of the 571:Allied war conferences 5380:Knights of the Garter 5282:Anders Fogh Rasmussen 5277:Jaap de Hoop Scheffer 5081:Patrick Gordon Walker 4619:"NATO: Soldiering On" 4524:"Commodity Markets". 4278:Naylor, John (1984). 3902:Beachey, Ray (1990). 3781:NATO History homepage 3592:Wingate, pp. 188–189. 3511:Wingate, pp. 177–178. 3493:Wingate, pp. 176–177. 3074:Wingate, pp. 107–109. 2139:Beachey, pp. 124–125. 1667: 1541:1951 general election 1440: 1302: 1201:Casablanca Conference 1194:Casablanca Conference 1179: 1085: 910: 893:Quartermaster General 862:Staff College, Quetta 771: 751:King's African Rifles 522:, he served with the 514:as an officer of the 365:Years of service 254:Hastings Lionel Ismay 169:Patrick Gordon Walker 5410:People from Nainital 3897:. London: Macmillan. 3829:"Commodity Markets". 1154:Dwight D. Eisenhower 315:Laura Kathleen Clegg 37:The Right Honourable 5194:Secretaries General 4830:The Washington Post 4828:"Secretary Ismay". 4708:on 13 February 2009 4686:. 18 December 1965. 4610:The Washington Post 4585:. 19 December 1965. 4583:The Washington Post 4555:. 10 December 1956. 4553:The Washington Post 4362:Pen and Sword Books 4160:Defence by Ministry 4007:Freedom at Midnight 3931:The Gathering Storm 3786:30 May 2013 at the 3475:Ismay, pp. 445–446. 3439:Ismay, pp. 421–422. 3421:Ismay, pp. 420–421. 3358:Ismay, pp. 409–410. 3194:Ismay, pp. 403–404. 3167:Ismay, pp. 395–396. 2906:Ismay, pp. 286–287. 2864:Ismay, pp. 259–260. 2376:Wingate, pp. 16–17. 2337:Wingate, pp. 14–15. 2301:Wingate, pp. 12–13. 1878:"Nato - Lord Ismay" 1795: 1687:Order of the Garter 1622:The Washington Post 1517:Festival of Britain 1511:Festival of Britain 1470:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1450:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1282:Operation Fortitude 1278:Operation Bodyguard 1190:Admiral Mountbatten 1039:Neville Chamberlain 661:Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt 642:Charterhouse School 590:Festival of Britain 578:Ministry of Defence 542:, he served as the 504:Charterhouse School 481:British Indian Army 355:British Indian Army 5073:Political offices 5044:Sir Maurice Hankey 4920:C. Hurst & Co. 4684:The New York Times 4612:. 13 January 1964. 4599:"House of Lords". 4533:"Court Circular". 4517:The New York Times 4033:Eisenhower, Dwight 3904:The Warrior Mullah 3882:General references 3697:"Secretary Ismay". 3631:The New York Times 3529:Leventhal, p. 447. 3336:The London Gazette 3047:Sainsbury, p. 208. 2288:The London Gazette 2268:The London Gazette 2236:The London Gazette 1730:In popular culture 1679: 1616:The New York Times 1545:Conservative Party 1453: 1433:Partition of India 1363:Potsdam Conference 1309: 1290:Basil Liddell Hart 1253:Teheran Conference 1227:Operation Overlord 1197: 1162:Lieutenant-General 1129:Allied conferences 1088: 916: 903:Service in England 778: 755:British Somaliland 628:Ismay was born in 544:military secretary 528:British Somaliland 498:Ismay was born in 483:who was the first 207:Hereditary peerage 115:Office established 5302: 5301: 5161: 5160: 5124:Succeeded by 5105:Diplomatic posts 5095:Succeeded by 5050:Secretary to the 5008:Succeeded by 4982:Succeeded by 4961:Military offices 4771:"News in Brief". 4382:The Turning Point 4142:978-0-8371-6280-5 4126:on 15 March 2017. 4090:Churchill: A Life 4037:Crusade in Europe 3349:"House of Lords". 2837:Colville, p. 163. 2670:Colville, p. 165. 2460:Ismay, pp. 55–56. 2433:Ismay, pp. 41–42. 2112:Ismay, pp. 28–29. 2085:Ismay, pp. 24–25. 2076:Ismay, pp. 35–36. 2010:Ismay, pp. 16–17. 2001:Ismay, pp. 14–15. 1992:Ismay, pp. 12–13. 1863:Colville, p. 161. 1845: 1844: 1811:A Baron's Coronet 1774:In the 2017 film 1761:In the 2017 film 1724:Wormington Grange 1695:Princess Margaret 1578:Secretary General 1421:taking the title 1274:Normandy Landings 1257:strategic bombing 1238:Moscow Conference 1223:Quebec Conference 1166:Eleanor Roosevelt 1092:Winston Churchill 1055:Munich Conference 897:Claude Auchinleck 774:British War Medal 739:Winston Churchill 677:second lieutenant 614:Wormington Grange 489:Winston Churchill 426: 425: 297:Wormington Grange 157:Winston Churchill 16:(Redirected from 5447: 5287:Jens Stoltenberg 5255:Sergio Balanzino 5244:Sergio Balanzino 5214:Paul-Henri Spaak 5187: 5180: 5173: 5164: 5127:Paul-Henri Spaak 5078:Preceded by 5041:Preceded by 5016:Preceded by 5001:Viceroy of India 4992:Preceded by 4966:Preceded by 4958: 4932: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4833: 4832:. 15 March 1952. 4824: 4815: 4806: 4785: 4776: 4767: 4758: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4704:. Archived from 4696: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4631:on 23 March 2009 4627:. Archived from 4613: 4604: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4556: 4547: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4493: 4484: 4475: 4457: 4437: 4423: 4404: 4375: 4350: 4325:Roskill, Stephen 4320: 4293: 4274: 4244: 4227: 4198: 4181: 4154: 4127: 4112: 4080: 4053:Eisenhower, John 4048: 4028: 4001: 3974: 3942: 3925: 3898: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3865:Johnson, p. 115. 3863: 3857: 3856:Johnson, p. 110. 3854: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3800: 3797: 3791: 3778: 3772: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3707: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3659: 3656: 3647: 3646:Wingate, p. 192. 3644: 3635: 3634: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3584: 3583:Wingate, p. 188. 3581: 3575: 3572: 3563: 3562: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3539: 3538:Conekin, p. 153. 3536: 3530: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3430:Wingate, p. 154. 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3412:Collins, p. 134. 3410: 3404: 3403:Collins, p. 120. 3401: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3367:Wingate, p. 138. 3365: 3359: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3293:"News in Brief". 3291: 3285: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3257:Wingate, p. 127. 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3204: 3203:Wingate, p. 178. 3201: 3195: 3192: 3186: 3185:Wingate, p. 124. 3183: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3150: 3149:Wingate, p. 122. 3147: 3141: 3138: 3129: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3012: 3011:Wingate, p. 102. 3009: 3003: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2838: 2835: 2829: 2828:Gilbert, p. 662. 2826: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2790: 2787: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2416: 2413: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2241: 2240: 2227: 2221: 2220:Beachey, p. 153. 2218: 2212: 2211:Beachey, p. 142. 2209: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2166:Beachey, p. 136. 2164: 2158: 2157:Beachey, p. 133. 2155: 2149: 2148:Beachey, p. 130. 2146: 2140: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121:Beachey, p. 124. 2119: 2113: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2094:Beachey, p. 109. 2092: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2040:Beachey, p. 106. 2038: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1957: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1927: 1924: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1894: 1891: 1882: 1881: 1873: 1864: 1861: 1803: 1796: 1676:Tewkesbury Abbey 1653:Paul-Henri Spaak 1603: 1599: 1566:Alfred Gruenther 1558:Harold Alexander 1552:during the war. 1486: 1478: 1461:Viceroy of India 1446:Viceroy of India 1336:Yalta Conference 1249:Cairo Conference 1216:William D. Leahy 1172:1943 conferences 1143:Lord Beaverbrook 1104:Battle of France 1066:Second World War 1047:Second World War 978:Viceroy of India 920:Air Vice-Marshal 843: 836: 552:Viceroy of India 493:Second World War 470: 465: 458: 451: 444: 437: 391:Second World War 338:Military service 293: 290:17 December 1965 263: 261: 245:Personal details 229: 215: 202: 177: 165: 153: 144: 127:Paul-Henri Spaak 123: 111: 102: 78: 68: 32: 21: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5291: 5234:Lord Carrington 5200: 5191: 5151: 5129: 5120: 5100: 5091: 5083: 5061: 5055: 5046: 5030: 5021: 5011: 5004: 4995: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4968:C. W. G. Walker 4939: 4929: 4910: 4907: 4905:Further reading 4894: 4885: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4849: 4847: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4809: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4718: 4711: 4709: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4658:10.2307/4051737 4643: 4634: 4632: 4616: 4607: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4569: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4467: 4464: 4446: 4428:Wingate, Ronald 4426: 4407: 4393: 4378: 4372: 4353: 4339: 4323: 4309: 4296: 4290: 4277: 4263: 4247: 4230: 4216: 4201: 4184: 4170: 4157: 4143: 4130: 4115: 4101: 4085:Gilbert, Martin 4083: 4069: 4051: 4031: 4017: 4004: 3990: 3977: 3963: 3945: 3928: 3914: 3901: 3895:The Road to War 3892: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3788:Wayback Machine 3779: 3775: 3768: 3764: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3741:. 1 April 1954. 3737: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3566: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3385:Collins, p. 95. 3384: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3248:Johnson, p. 67. 3247: 3243: 3239:Johnson, p. 18. 3238: 3234: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2933:Wingate, p. 90. 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733:Wingate, p. 44. 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2688:Naylor, p. 268. 2687: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2662: 2658:Wingate, p. 38. 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640:Naylor, p. 261. 2639: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586:Naylor, p. 243. 2585: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2568:Wingate, p. 29. 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2541:Wingate, p. 24. 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514:Wingate, p. 22. 2513: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2482: 2478:Wingate, p. 23. 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442:Wingate, p. 19. 2441: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2424:Wingate, p. 18. 2423: 2419: 2414: 2407: 2403:Wingate, p. 17. 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2359: 2355:Wingate, p. 15. 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2328:Wingate, p. 13. 2327: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193:Wingate, p. 10. 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1918: 1914:Oxbury, p. 180. 1913: 1909: 1904: 1897: 1892: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1791: 1777:Viceroy's House 1769:Richard Lumsden 1756:Nigel Davenport 1732: 1662: 1601: 1597: 1574: 1537: 1525:Margaret Truman 1513: 1484: 1481:Hobson's choice 1476: 1435: 1404:Legion of Merit 1359: 1270: 1174: 1131: 1090:In April 1940, 1080: 1068: 1017: 974:Lord Willingdon 962: 905: 870: 858: 841: 834: 820:Royal Air Force 782:First World War 747: 673: 626: 618:Gloucestershire 548:Lord Willingdon 520:First World War 463: 456: 449: 442: 435: 431: 415: 411: 407: 403: 389: 387:First World War 357: 305:Gloucestershire 295: 291: 278:(now Nainital, 277: 265: 259: 257: 256: 255: 234:Peerage extinct 227: 220:Peerage created 213: 205: 203: 198: 190: 175: 163: 151: 145: 140: 121: 109: 103: 98: 81: 69: 44: 42: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5453: 5451: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5307: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5239:Manfred Wörner 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5182: 5175: 5167: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5057: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5006: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4985:G. N. Macready 4983: 4980: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4937:External links 4935: 4934: 4933: 4928:978-1911723202 4927: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4892: 4883: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4786: 4777: 4768: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4732: 4697: 4688: 4679: 4670: 4652:(3): 445–453. 4641: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4557: 4548: 4539: 4530: 4521: 4512: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4444: 4424: 4405: 4391: 4376: 4371:978-1399045773 4370: 4351: 4337: 4321: 4307: 4294: 4288: 4275: 4261: 4245: 4228: 4214: 4199: 4182: 4168: 4155: 4141: 4128: 4113: 4099: 4081: 4067: 4049: 4029: 4015: 4002: 3988: 3975: 3961: 3947:Colville, John 3943: 3926: 3912: 3899: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3838:O'Dea, p. 300. 3831: 3822: 3813: 3801: 3792: 3773: 3762: 3743: 3731: 3729:Jordan, p. 65. 3722: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3660: 3658:Ismay, p. 461. 3648: 3636: 3621: 3619:Ismay, p. 460. 3612: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3574:Ismay, p. 453. 3564: 3549: 3540: 3531: 3522: 3513: 3504: 3502:Ismay, p. 448. 3495: 3486: 3484:Ismay, p. 447. 3477: 3468: 3466:Ismay, p. 442. 3459: 3457:Ismay, p. 433. 3450: 3448:Ismay, p. 428. 3441: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3394:Ismay, p. 419. 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3342: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3302:Ismay, p. 406. 3295: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3217: 3215:Ismay, p. 404. 3205: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3176:Ismay, p. 399. 3169: 3160: 3158:Ismay, p. 395. 3151: 3142: 3140:Ismay, p. 387. 3130: 3128:Ismay, p. 376. 3121: 3119:Ismay, p. 372. 3112: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3076: 3067: 3065:Ismay, p. 343. 3058: 3056:Ismay, p. 342. 3049: 3040: 3038:Ismay, p. 332. 3031: 3029:Ismay, p. 328. 3022: 3013: 3004: 3002:Ismay, p. 327. 2995: 2980: 2978:Ismay, p. 316. 2971: 2969:Ismay, p. 310. 2962: 2953: 2951:Leahy, p. 163. 2944: 2942:Ismay, p. 293. 2935: 2926: 2924:Ismay, p. 291. 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2855:Ismay, p. 235. 2848: 2846:Ismay, p. 230. 2839: 2830: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2791: 2777: 2768: 2753: 2744: 2742:Ismay, p. 117. 2735: 2726: 2724:Ismay, p. 115. 2717: 2715:Ismay, p. 113. 2708: 2706:Ismay, p. 104. 2699: 2697:Ismay, p. 103. 2690: 2681: 2672: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2498: 2496:Lewin, p. 439. 2480: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2405: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2369: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2274: 2254: 2242: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2058:Wingate, p. 9. 2051: 2042: 2030: 2021: 2019:Wingate, p. 7. 2012: 2003: 1994: 1985: 1976: 1974:Lewin, p. 438. 1958: 1956:Wingate, p. 4. 1949: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1907: 1895: 1883: 1865: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1820: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1804: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1782:Michael Gambon 1772: 1759: 1746: 1731: 1728: 1661: 1658: 1573: 1570: 1536: 1533: 1512: 1509: 1434: 1431: 1427:House of Lords 1367:Clement Attlee 1358: 1355: 1353:and the King. 1331:in late 1944. 1317:George VI 1305:Sir John Simon 1269: 1266: 1173: 1170: 1130: 1127: 1079: 1076: 1067: 1064: 1016: 1013: 961: 958: 935:Maurice Hankey 912:Maurice Hankey 904: 901: 869: 866: 857: 856:Interwar years 854: 848:and was twice 816:Arthur Hoskins 798:Shimber Berris 746: 743: 672: 669: 625: 622: 487:. He also was 424: 423: 420: 419: 398: 394: 393: 384: 380: 379: 374: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 352: 351:Branch/service 348: 347: 346:United Kingdom 344: 340: 339: 335: 334: 331: 327: 326: 321: 317: 316: 313: 309: 308: 294:(aged 78) 288: 284: 283: 253: 251: 247: 246: 242: 241: 238: 237: 230: 224: 223: 216: 210: 209: 195: 194: 184: 183: 178: 172: 171: 166: 160: 159: 154: 152:Prime Minister 148: 147: 137: 136: 130: 129: 124: 118: 117: 112: 106: 105: 95: 94: 87: 86: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 43: 41:The Lord Ismay 40: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5452: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5261:Javier Solana 5259: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5224:Manlio Brosio 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5176: 5174: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5082: 5076: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5029: 5028: 5020: 5019:H. R. Pownall 5014: 5010:A. H. H. Muir 5003: 5002: 4990: 4986: 4977: 4976: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4857: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4445:0-09-102370-X 4441: 4436: 4435: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4392:0-19-215858-9 4388: 4384: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4338:0-00-211330-9 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4308:0-19-211599-5 4304: 4300: 4299:Great Britons 4295: 4291: 4289:0-521-25583-X 4285: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4262:0-19-861379-2 4258: 4254: 4250: 4249:Lewin, Ronald 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4215:0-88184-937-5 4211: 4207: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4169:0-8419-0598-3 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4100:0-8050-0615-X 4096: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4068:0-385-11479-6 4064: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4016:0-671-22088-8 4012: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3989:0-7190-6060-5 3985: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3962:0-671-42583-8 3958: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3913:0-947792-43-0 3909: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3871: 3868: 3862: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3706:Jordan, p. 3. 3703: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3490: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3427: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3254: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3053: 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2466: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2451:Ismay, p. 53. 2448: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2415:Ismay, p. 41. 2412: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2394:Ismay, p. 40. 2391: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2367:Ismay, p. 39. 2364: 2362: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2346:Ismay, p. 38. 2343: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2319:Ismay, p. 37. 2316: 2313: 2310:Ismay, p. 36. 2307: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2202:Ismay, p. 34. 2199: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2184:Ismay, p. 32. 2181: 2178: 2175:Ismay, p. 31. 2172: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2130:Ismay, p. 29. 2127: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2103:Ismay, p. 28. 2100: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2067:Ismay, p. 24. 2064: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2049:Ismay, p. 19. 2046: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2028:Ismay, p. 18. 2025: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1743:Paul Hardwick 1740: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1605: 1598:12 March 1952 1593: 1591: 1587: 1586:Oliver Franks 1583: 1579: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1518: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1473: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1430: 1429:in February. 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1371:1945 election 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During the 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 462: 455: 448: 441: 434: 430: 421: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 399: 395: 392: 388: 385: 381: 378: 375: 371: 367: 363: 360: 356: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 332: 328: 325: 324:Stanley Ismay 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 289: 285: 281: 276: 275:British India 272: 268: 252: 248: 243: 239: 236: 235: 231: 225: 222: 221: 217: 211: 208: 201: 196: 193: 192:Lord Temporal 189: 185: 182: 179: 173: 170: 167: 161: 158: 155: 149: 143: 138: 135: 131: 128: 125: 119: 116: 113: 107: 101: 96: 93: 88: 84: 80:Ismay in 1945 77: 72: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 38: 33: 30: 19: 5219:Dirk Stikker 5208: 5155: 5146: 5142:New creation 5141: 5115: 5110: 5086: 5067: 5059: 5049: 5034: 5024: 4998: 4994:C. O. Harvey 4972: 4915: 4896: 4887: 4878: 4869: 4860: 4848:. Retrieved 4842: 4829: 4820: 4811: 4794: 4790: 4781: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4745: 4736: 4710:. Retrieved 4706:the original 4692: 4683: 4674: 4649: 4645: 4633:. 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London. 3559:The Times 3227:The Times 2990:The Times 2885:The Times 2763:The Times 1848:Citations 1717:Ian Jacob 1610:The Times 1268:1944–1945 1186:Churchill 1182:Roosevelt 1005:John Dill 947:Whitehall 918:In 1924, 886:total war 809:armistice 657:Lord Gort 646:Cambridge 586:partition 368:1905–1946 307:, England 200:In office 142:In office 100:In office 18:Pug Ismay 5156:Extinct 4914:(2024). 4850:13 April 4722:cite web 4712:14 April 4572:13 April 4568:. London 4462:Articles 4430:(1970). 4401:10823797 4327:(1972). 4317:11533077 4224:27340277 4195:59029584 4109:24011440 4087:(1991). 4055:(1982). 4035:(1949). 3998:50783359 3949:(1981). 3922:60081063 3784:Archived 1602:24 March 999:and the 735:adjutant 716:Peshawar 704:Risalpur 630:Nainital 506:and the 500:Nainital 330:Nickname 282:, India) 267:Nainital 5297:*Acting 5035:Unknown 4666:4051737 4420:1444030 4178:5889060 4077:7672682 4025:1366307 3971:7283766 3939:3025315 1905:Schorr. 1808:Coronet 1539:In the 1498:to ask 1496:Kashmir 1313:general 1307:in 1945 1205:Algiers 1192:at the 1145:to the 1022:brigade 966:colonel 831:Jid Ali 718:due to 712:Mohmand 687:of the 679:in the 638:Viceroy 540:colonel 479:in the 477:general 377:General 301:Stanton 4925: 4664: 4646:Albion 4454:102756 4452: 4442: 4418: 4399: 4389: 4368: 4345: 4335: 4315: 4305: 4286: 4269: 4259: 4241:397109 4239: 4222: 4212: 4193: 4176: 4166: 4151:827892 4149: 4139: 4107: 4097: 4075: 4065: 4045:394251 4043: 4023: 4013: 3996: 3986: 3969: 3959: 3937: 3920: 3910: 3083:Evans. 1893:Joffe. 1876:NATO. 1672:banner 1669:Garter 1646:Cyprus 1485:31 May 1378:VJ Day 1343:VE Day 1325:Moscow 1135:Allies 997:Poland 882:Quetta 731:Jhelum 693:Ambala 550:, the 397:Awards 320:Parent 312:Spouse 4700:MI5. 4662:JSTOR 3887:Books 1836:Motto 1814:Crest 1767:, by 1419:baron 1329:Paris 939:Simla 833:. On 466: 464:, 459: 457:, 452: 450:, 445: 443:, 438: 436:, 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 5198:NATO 5060:None 4923:ISBN 4852:2009 4728:link 4714:2009 4637:2009 4624:Time 4574:2009 4450:OCLC 4440:ISBN 4416:OCLC 4397:OCLC 4387:ISBN 4366:ISBN 4343:OCLC 4333:ISBN 4313:OCLC 4303:ISBN 4284:ISBN 4267:OCLC 4257:ISBN 4237:OCLC 4220:OCLC 4210:ISBN 4191:OCLC 4174:OCLC 4164:ISBN 4147:OCLC 4137:ISBN 4105:OCLC 4095:ISBN 4073:OCLC 4063:ISBN 4041:OCLC 4021:OCLC 4011:ISBN 3994:OCLC 3984:ISBN 3967:OCLC 3957:ISBN 3935:OCLC 3918:OCLC 3908:ISBN 1789:Arms 1327:and 1280:and 1251:and 1188:and 663:and 605:NATO 546:for 373:Rank 287:Died 250:Born 90:1st 5196:of 4844:NPR 4799:doi 4654:doi 1780:by 1754:by 1748:In 1741:by 1391:." 1341:On 1294:MI5 949:." 753:in 691:in 526:in 454:DSO 440:GCB 333:Pug 58:DSO 50:GCB 5311:: 4918:. 4841:. 4795:24 4793:. 4724:}} 4720:{{ 4660:. 4650:27 4648:. 4621:. 4564:. 4448:. 4395:. 4364:. 4360:. 4341:. 4311:. 4265:. 4218:. 4172:. 4145:. 4103:. 4071:. 4019:. 3992:. 3965:. 3916:. 3804:^ 3755:. 3711:^ 3663:^ 3651:^ 3639:^ 3567:^ 3333:. 3208:^ 3133:^ 2794:^ 2780:^ 2663:^ 2483:^ 2408:^ 2360:^ 2285:. 2265:. 2245:^ 2233:. 2033:^ 1961:^ 1931:^ 1919:^ 1898:^ 1886:^ 1868:^ 1856:^ 1697:. 1648:. 1604:. 1592:. 1531:. 1487:. 1414:. 1184:, 1011:. 995:, 980:. 941:. 852:. 765:. 726:. 667:. 659:, 620:. 616:, 596:. 495:. 471:(' 468:DL 461:PC 447:CH 433:KG 303:, 299:, 273:, 269:, 66:DL 62:PC 54:CH 46:KG 5273:* 5257:* 5246:* 5186:e 5179:t 5172:v 4931:. 4854:. 4805:. 4801:: 4730:) 4716:. 4668:. 4656:: 4639:. 4576:. 4519:. 4456:. 4422:. 4403:. 4374:. 4349:. 4319:. 4292:. 4273:. 4243:. 4226:. 4197:. 4180:. 4153:. 4111:. 4079:. 4047:. 4027:. 4000:. 3973:. 3941:. 3924:. 3790:. 3633:. 1880:. 1784:. 1771:. 1758:. 1745:. 776:. 262:) 258:( 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay

Index