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design: This box resembles a medieval keyhole, also known as cuatro cuadrao, or cuatro araña. This shape has been found on some old dotars and citolas. Four-string, eight-string and ten-string cuatros were made using this design. This was the very first design and it might be 400 years old. Sometimes
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In the 1950s, there was an effort to produce a "classical" ensemble of cuatros, with various-sized instruments taking on the role of the violins, violas, cellos, and double basses in a classical orchestra. To meet these roles cuatros of the aviolinado style were produced in four different sizes and
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dedicated to fostering the traditions that surround the national instrument of Puerto Rico, by means of gathering, promoting and preserving the cultural memories of Puerto Rican musical traditions, folkloric stringed instruments and musicians. The Cuatro
Project is also dedicated to promoting and
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design: This is the rarest design. This box was shaped like an organic oval. This was because the soundboxes were made from domed gourds instead of wood. Four-string cuatros were made using this design in the 19th century in Puerto Rico by enslaved
391:. It is made from a single block of wood and it has five pairs of steel strings. It is the most commonly used today and is used to play jĂbaro music, salon genres, salsa, pop, rock, classical, jazz, and even American bluegrass and many more styles.
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Very little is known about the exact origin of the cuatro. However, most experts believe that the cuatro has existed on the island in one form or another for about 400 years. The
Spanish instrument that it is most closely related to is the
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666:, The Puerto Ricans and their stringed instruments. An unprecedented documentary that reveals the emotional story of the development and the history of the music and stringed instruments traditions of Puerto Rico.
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design: This box looked like the antiguo design but with no straight lines and all curves and thus resembled a tulip. Eight-string and ten-string cuatros were made using this design during the 1900s near Yauco and
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There was a "cuatro antiguo" which had four single strings, then eight strings in four doubled courses, and then the modern cuatro with five double courses. Despite the name, however, the origins are not clear.
672:, Un Concierto HistĂłrico/A Historical Concert. The conclusion of the video documentary Nuestro Cuatro, a cultural and musical history of the Puerto Rican cuatro and Puerto Rico's stringed instruments.
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There are three main types of cuatro: cuatro antiguo of four orders and four strings, the "Southern" cuatro of four orders and eight strings, and the cuatro "moderno" of five orders and ten strings.
361:: This is the original Puerto Rican cuatro. It was made from a single block of wood and used four gut strings. This instrument may have evolved from the vihuela poblana. It was used to mostly play
372:: This cuatro evolved from the old four-string cuatro. It was made like a guitar and had four pairs of steel strings. It was used to play salon genres like the mazurka, danza, waltz, polka, etc.
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A plan of three cuatro body designs. From left to right, the traditional cuatro antiguo design, the "Southern" soft waisted cuatro antiguo, and the modern "aviolinado" cuatro
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design: This box resembles a violin. It is the most common shape used today. Eight string and ten-string cuatros were made using this design starting in the 19th century.
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659:, directed by Myriam Fuentes. The proceeds of these recordings were to be used for the research and documentation activities of the Puerto Rican Cuatro Project.
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design: This box looked like some old mandolinas made by Martin in the United States during the 20th century. However, it was first used in the 19th century in
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518:(Bass Cuatro): all have ten strings and are tuned in fourths. The project met with only limited success and today most of these variants are rare, with the
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guitar), which had four courses, two strings each for eight strings in total as well as the
Spanish Medieval/Renaissance four-course and the Spanish
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As noted, most of the instrumental variants are now rare, as are these classical groupings. There have been, however, modern efforts to revive the
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Recording of performance by
Conjunto de Cuerdas Tipicas de Puerto Rico at El Romance Club, Chicago, Illinois, part 1 Chicago, Illinois
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El Cuatro
Puertorriqueño (1938): Guitar player above the swamp water. The workers' quarter of Puerto de Tierra. San Juan, Puerto Rico
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means "four", which was the total number of strings of the earliest Puerto Rican instrument known by the
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1011:"Erika Ender nos cuenta "DESPACITO" su nuevo Ă©xito rĂĄpidamente #1 mundial con Luis Fonsi y Daddy Yankee"
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on the island. Now they are made with ten metal strings and often have designs carved onto their backs.
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At least two configurations of "classical" cuatro orchestra were formed in the 1950s and 1960s:
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verse form and the traditional song as created by its greatest troubadours, living and past.
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strung for left-handed playing (with lower and thicker strings at the bottom of the picture.)
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Cumpiano, together with
Sotomayor and Wilfredo EchevarrĂa, wrote, directed and produced two
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The cuatro is the most familiar of the three instruments which make up the Puerto Rican
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1073:, June 28, 1977, Chicago Ethnic Arts Project Collection, American Folklife Center,
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722:; the instrument, as strung for left-handed playing, appears at 3:32 of the song's
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655:. Cumpiano and cultural researcher David Morales produced another DVD documentary
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1033:"'Despacito' Has Just Become the Most Popular Video of All Time on YouTube."
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Besides these, many other lesser-known and one-of-a-kind designs also exist.
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224:-like in function, but with a shape closer to that of the violin. The word
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651:, the first feature-length documentary about the cuatro and its music and
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This article is about the Puerto Rican instrument. For other uses, see
265:. This instrument has had its prominent performers like the legendary
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which consisted of a various number of different string instruments:
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726:, which became the most-viewed video on YouTube on August 4, 2017.
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and
Christina Sotomayor founded the Puerto Rican Cuatro Project, a
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453:, Puerto Rico. Eight string cuatros were made using this design.
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208:(Spanish: cuatro puertorriqueño) is the national instrument of
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The current cuatro has ten strings in five courses, tuned, in
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840:"The cuatros - El Proyecto del Cuatro /The Cuatro Project"
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THE DĂCIMA BORINQUEĂA: An ancient poetic singing tradition
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https://atlasofpluckedinstruments.com/central_america.htm
803:. El Centro, California, USA: ImĂĄgenes Press. p. 35.
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some ten-string cuatros are still made with this design.
379:: This cuatro evolved from the Baroque era ten string
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An antique Cuatro (c. 1900 - 1915) on exhibit in the
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https://stringedinstrumentdatabase.aornis.com/c.htm
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1793:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
647:documentaries for The Cuatro Project. They are:
1061:, a site dedicated to the Cuatro of Puerto Rico
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908:ATLAS of Plucked Instruments: Central America
269:Otero, known as "El Maestro Ladi", the great
8:
2284:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
420:A Puerto Rican cuatro with a floating bridge
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918:https://instrumap.netlify.com/namerica.html
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493:A "Thinline" Cumpiano Puerto Rican Cuatro
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1040:. Forbes Media. Retrieved 2017 August 4.
710:played a cuatro on the 2017 hit single "
340:
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865:"110mb.com - Want to start a website?"
545:The original cuatro orchestra was the
522:surviving as the standard instrument.
510:(the standard instrument, also called
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1798:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
653:OUR CUATRO Vol. 2: A Historic Concert
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869:Stringedinstrumentdatabase.110mb.com
54:adding citations to reliable sources
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1013:. Panamatoday.com. January 24, 2017
896:The Stringed Instrument Database: C
1193:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
14:
931:"The Puerto Rican Cuatro Project"
685:Famous cuatro player (cuatrista)
608:"The Puerto Rican Cuatro Project"
396:Cuatro shapes, sizes and variants
3124:Puerto Rican musical instruments
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2487:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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2127:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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541:Cuatro orchestras of Puerto Rico
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3109:Cultural history of Puerto Rico
1183:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
1054:The Puerto Rican Cuatro Project
170:HornbostelâSachs classification
41:needs additional citations for
370:eight-string "Southern" cuatro
1:
337:Types of Puerto Rican cuatros
3129:American musical instruments
2612:United States Virgin Islands
636:preserving the Puerto Rican
412:A modern Puerto rican cuatro
261:A cuatro player is called a
184:More articles or information
1547:Puerto Rican crested anole
799:LaBrucherie, Roger (1984).
670:"Nuestro Cuatro: Volumen 2"
664:"Nuestro Cuatro: Volumen 1"
377:ten string cuatro "moderno"
250:orchestra (the cuatro, the
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819:String Instrument Database
815:"El Cuatro Puertorriqueno"
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359:four string cuatro antiguo
18:
3119:Guitar family instruments
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768:(Spanish Knowledge (XXG))
570:Segundo Cuatro Concertino
567:Primero Cuatro Concertino
347:Musical Instrument Museum
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2710:Turks and Caicos Islands
2607:Turks and Caicos Islands
2289:Turks and Caicos Islands
1831:Buildings and structures
920:Instrumap: North America
243:of 500-520 millimetres.
2374:Music of North America
1339:Toro Negro State Forest
1065:The Puerto Rican Cuatro
1059:The Puerto Rican Cuatro
633:non-profit organization
279:Iluminado DĂĄvila Medina
2772:Music of Latin America
2654:Music of the Caribbean
2537:British Virgin Islands
2204:British Virgin Islands
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2117:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1707:Operation "Bootstrap"
1658:Shadow representation
1653:Resident Commissioner
1611:Independence movement
1555:Unexpected snake eel
1168:Migration to New York
1163:Immigration to Hawaii
801:Images of Puerto Rico
696:used a cuatro on the
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65:"Puerto Rican cuatro"
1621:Legislative Assembly
1539:Puerto Rican amazon
772:Music of Puerto Rico
724:official music video
677:Use in popular music
212:. It belongs to the
50:improve this article
2492:Trinidad and Tobago
2387:Antigua and Barbuda
2294:U.S. Virgin Islands
2137:Trinidad and Tobago
1982:Antigua and Barbuda
1508:Elfin woods warbler
1075:Library of Congress
966:on 20 February 2007
875:on 18 December 2011
313:(also known as the
190:Tiple (Puerto Rico)
130:
129:Puerto Rican Cuatro
3114:String instruments
3008:Dominican Republic
2968:Hispanophone music
2818:Dominican Republic
2685:Dominican Republic
2427:Dominican Republic
2047:Dominican Republic
1722:Telecommunications
1646:Statehood movement
1521:Mona ground iguana
1400:Puerto Rico Trench
1371:Isleta de San Juan
1158:JonesâShafroth Act
1148:Intentona de Yauco
777:Cuatro (Venezuela)
744:Puerto Rico portal
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579:Cuatro Tradicional
556:Cuatro Tradicional
553:Puerto Rican Tiple
520:cuatro tradicional
508:Cuatro Tradicional
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649:OUR CUATRO Vol. 1
623:OUR CUATRO Vol. 2
425:Sound Box designs
287:Edwin ColĂłn Zayas
267:Ladislao MartĂnez
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151:String instrument
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962:. Archived from
956:"NUESTRO CUATRO"
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614:William Cumpiano
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271:Nieves Quintero
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140:A Puerto Rican
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
37:
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28:
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22:
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1035:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1005:
993:. Retrieved
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
959:
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938:. Retrieved
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877:. Retrieved
873:the original
868:
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847:. Retrieved
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822:. Retrieved
818:
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758:Music portal
720:Daddy Yankee
701:
694:Jon Anderson
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106:January 2022
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593:Cuatro Alto
573:Cuatro Bajo
516:Cuatro Bajo
504:Cuatro Alto
319:Renaissance
275:Maso Rivera
210:Puerto Rico
177:chordophone
175:(Composite
3103:Categories
2998:Costa Rica
2808:Costa Rica
2567:Montserrat
2562:Martinique
2557:Guadeloupe
2412:Costa Rica
2244:Montserrat
2239:Martinique
2234:Guadeloupe
2032:Costa Rica
1861:Literature
1696:(currency)
1468:Amphibians
1307:Crash Boat
1131:Chronology
783:References
718:featuring
716:Luis Fonsi
498:tunings:
447:dos puntos
440:aviolinado
349:of Phoenix
216:family of
76:newspapers
3083:Venezuela
3043:Nicaragua
3028:Guatemala
2978:Argentina
2889:Venezuela
2848:Nicaragua
2833:Guatemala
2783:Argentina
2552:Greenland
2467:Nicaragua
2442:Guatemala
2317:Caribbean
2229:Greenland
2152:Venezuela
2097:Nicaragua
2067:Guatemala
1987:Argentina
1972:Sovereign
1778:Education
1732:Transport
1549:(reptile)
1420:Portugués
1265:Geography
1017:April 16,
766:El Cuatro
712:Despacito
687:Yomo Toro
381:bandurria
283:Yomo Toro
263:cuatrista
220:, and is
3053:Paraguay
3033:Honduras
2993:Colombia
2917:Category
2858:Paraguay
2838:Honduras
2803:Colombia
2517:Anguilla
2452:Honduras
2422:Dominica
2397:Barbados
2184:Anguilla
2132:Suriname
2107:Paraguay
2082:Honduras
2042:Dominica
2027:Colombia
1997:Barbados
1964:Americas
1916:Category
1803:Religion
1763:Abortion
1626:Military
1606:Governor
1576:Politics
1541:(parrot)
1490:Reptiles
1393:San Juan
1383:MayagĂŒez
1356:Desecheo
1317:Flamenco
1312:El Tuque
1231:Corsican
1115:articles
730:See also
559:BordonĂșa
485:Variants
475:Africans
315:Medieval
256:bordonĂșa
254:and the
194:BordonĂșa
3078:Uruguay
3013:Ecuador
2983:Bolivia
2884:Uruguay
2823:Ecuador
2788:Bolivia
2695:Jamaica
2670:Bermuda
2665:Bahamas
2547:Curaçao
2532:Bonaire
2527:Bermuda
2457:Jamaica
2437:Grenada
2392:Bahamas
2214:Curaçao
2199:Bonaire
2194:Bermuda
2147:Uruguay
2087:Jamaica
2062:Grenada
2052:Ecuador
2007:Bolivia
1992:Bahamas
1900:Outline
1851:Cuisine
1836:Casinos
1813:Culture
1751:Society
1737:Welfare
1727:Tourism
1694:Dollar
1677:Economy
1500:Endemic
1485:Mammals
1478:Vieques
1435:Ecology
1346:Islands
1324:Forests
1302:Beaches
1277:Barrios
1226:Chinese
1221:African
1123:History
703:Tormato
514:), and
470:higuera
458:tulipĂĄn
432:antiguo
311:poblana
309:vihuela
293:History
237:fourths
90:scholar
3048:Panama
3038:Mexico
2878:Tejano
2853:Panama
2843:Mexico
2793:Brazil
2472:Panama
2462:Mexico
2407:Canada
2402:Belize
2102:Panama
2092:Mexico
2072:Guyana
2017:Canada
2012:Brazil
2002:Belize
1974:states
1921:Portal
1881:Sports
1841:Cinema
1783:Health
1631:Police
1557:(fish)
1533:(fish)
1515:(frog)
1405:Rivers
1251:Jewish
1241:German
1236:French
1113:
1037:Forbes
700:album
638:décima
365:music.
363:jĂbaro
248:jĂbaro
232:name.
230:cuatro
226:cuatro
222:guitar
205:cuatro
142:cuatro
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
21:Cuatro
3073:Spain
2988:Chile
2894:Andes
2798:Chile
2690:Haiti
2522:Aruba
2447:Haiti
2189:Aruba
2077:Haiti
2022:Chile
1907:Index
1871:Music
1866:Media
1768:Crime
1473:Birds
1456:Fauna
1388:Ponce
1281:Bays
1246:Irish
714:" by
463:Ponce
451:Yauco
389:Spain
387:from
252:tiple
97:JSTOR
83:books
3058:Peru
3003:Cuba
2863:Peru
2813:Cuba
2680:Cuba
2592:Saba
2417:Cuba
2254:Saba
2174:and
2112:Peru
2037:Cuba
1856:Flag
1019:2017
997:2017
972:2017
942:2017
881:2017
851:2017
826:2017
583:Or:
535:Seis
468:The
456:The
445:The
438:The
430:The
385:laĂșd
383:and
375:The
368:The
357:The
323:laĂșd
285:and
214:lute
201:The
69:news
1826:Art
1717:Tax
1616:Law
698:Yes
645:DVD
258:).
52:by
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988:.
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817:.
791:^
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506:,
502:,
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281:,
277:,
192:,
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2646:e
2639:t
2632:v
2367:e
2360:t
2353:v
1955:e
1948:t
1941:v
1103:e
1096:t
1089:v
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974:.
944:.
883:.
853:.
828:.
689:.
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317:/
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94:·
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