702:, let him do what he wanted. When he suggested the TK-80 project, Sawanobori supported him in anticipation that it would expand the microprocessor market, and Ouchi trusted their decision. When he planned to develop the personal computer, Ouchi wavered. It would become a computer product involved in NEC's core business, and would influence their corporate image. Watanabe also hesitated to develop it in the device division instead of the computer division, but he saw the burgeoning personal computer market in America, and then he decided to continue the project. As the project progressed, Watanabe, Sawanobori and Ouchi discussed their thoughts about marketing, planned a method for mass production, and reached an agreement they devoted all their energies to the project. In January 1979, Goto submitted the first mass production request to New Nippon Electric. They were sure the product would sell, but planned to educate and increase dealers little by little.
679:. When he circulated the contract with Microsoft for approval, computer division's director criticized they planned to purchase the software from a small company. Inside the company, it was considered engineers were confident in their softwares and had to develop softwares themselves. He explained to the director, "It's profitable, so there is no problem. We are salesmen." Watanabe knew importance of the industrial standard and third party developers, but his perception was against company's practice.
1924:
1914:
427:
47:
360:
38:
734:
held from May 16 to 19 at the Tokyo Ryūtsū Center. Soon after the exposition, NEC received thousands of orders. It took half a year to ship about 10,000 backorders after shipment began on
September 20, 1979. By 1981, it dominated 40% of the Japanese personal computer market. About 250,000 units were
669:
Other NEC divisions didn't appreciate the project before the PC-8001 went on sale. Most people, even in NEC, didn't know about microcomputers, and they couldn't understand what the
Microcomputer Sales Section aimed for. The TK-80 sold well for computer enthusiasts, but the computer division regarded
661:
computers. Also, they didn't have the capability for mass production. They asked New Nippon
Electric (NEC Home Electronics since 1983) to sell the personal computers through their consumer distribution network. The system unit, displays and storage devices were all developed by NEC, and manufactured
522:
port. Original floppy disk drives for the PC-8001 are the dual-unit PC-8031 and the additional dual-unit PC-8032, which use 143 KB single-sided 5.25-inch format. They were followed by the single-unit PC-8031-1V, the dual-sided PC-8031-2W and PC-8032-2W. These units are attached to the PC-8001
821:
audio system. Its internal BASIC was also updated to allow usage of this new hardware, as well as providing mkII and PC-8001 compatibility modes (although a significant proportion of older software would not run properly under these modes). Other changes included the change of one general-purpose
738:
The PC-8001 sold well in the educational market because NEC advertised that the PC-8001 used the industrial standard of
Microsoft BASIC. Kanagawa Prefectural Chigasaki Nishihama High School was the first futsu-ka school (upper secondary schools with a focus on a common course) to purchase PC-8001
857:
Sawanobori recalled why the PC-8001 became a long seller that "The biggest factor is the price setting of 168,000 yen. The major opinion insisted 220,000 to 230,000 yen was appropriate for value of the product, but Kazuya
Watanabe never withdrew 168,000 yen. After all, Watanabe's proposal was
870:
s
American reviewers concluded in January 1981 after evaluating a unit purchased in Japan that "the PC-8001 appears to be an attractive, well-planned, and well-made personal computer ... Most people who have seen our PC-8001 feel that, if it were sold in our country, it would provide strong
778:
interface as well as two internal expansion slots, doing away with the need for an "expansion box" to permit upgrades. The internal BASIC was changed as well, from the 24 KB N-BASIC to a 32 KB "N80-BASIC" that added new conditional statements as well as graphics commands.
711:
735:
shipped until production stopped in
January 1983. NEC also succeeded in expanding their personal computer chain in Japan. The chain owned 7 stores in 1979, 15 stores in 1980, more than 100 stores in 1981, and reached 200 stores by 1983.
494:
controller. It has various text modes, and the maximum screen is 80×25 text with 8×8 pixel font. Each character has two attributes chosen from blinking, highlight, reverse, secret, vertical line, over line, under line and
614:
to him after he returned to Japan. Goto thought of visiting
Microsoft, but he worried that the trip wouldn't be accepted by his boss because Microsoft was a small company. Instead, he attended the fall 1978
1396:
674:
checking, and they assumed the microprocessors of the time were not suitable for computing due to their lack of performance and reliability. He believed microprocessors were more reliable than wirewrapped
478:-compatible processor) clocked at 4 MHz, 16 KB of RAM (expandable to 32 KB), CRT video output, cassette port, parallel port for a printer, serial port and an expansion bus. The built-in
567:
657:
The
Electronic Device Group only had a small distribution network of electronic parts stores, and the Information Processing Group only had corporate customers who purchased expensive
561:
In the summer of 1978, the
Microcomputer Sales Section started developing the PC-8001, codenamed "PCX-1". The development team consisted of 10 engineers including section manager
786:
computer offerings at the time, its graphics were notably worse than its competitors (most likely an attempt on NEC's part to avoid competing with their own, higher-powered
670:
it as a toy. Their projects were often criticized inside the company. Watanabe recalled that engineers of the computer division criticized microcomputers didn't have
1958:
486:
4.51. Optional DISK BASIC allows disk I/O for an external floppy drive. The video output is provided by an NEC μPD3301 CRT controller and a μPD8257C (
395:
interface. Although it is often believed to be the first domestically produced personal computer for the Japanese market, it was preceded by both the
1064:"日電と日本マイクロコンピュータ、低価格パソコン相次ぎ新製品発表" [NEC and Nippon Microcomputer announced new products 'Low-priced personal computer', one after another.].
404:
1713:
854:
concluded in 1979 that "Although some problems remain, at present, we can guarantee it is the strongest machine for both software and hardware."
802:
A games-oriented revision of the PC-8001mkII with significantly better graphics and sound, making its debut in January 1985 for 108,000 yen.
1599:
595:
within a plastic case as a personal computer. It was released as the COMPO BS/80, but it failed in the market due to its poor built-in
771:
A higher-performance, more graphically capable revision of the PC-8001, the Mark II debuted in March 1983 for a price of 123,000 yen.
558:, both developed by consumer electronics companies, were released as personal computers targeted for hobbyists, not for business use.
383:
were sold as "semi-kits" requiring end user assembly, the fully assembled PC-8001 was a rarity in the market. Peripherals included a
1953:
1645:
1548:
1523:
1467:
1439:
1334:
1009:
982:
925:
511:
443:
539:
kit, and it became popular among hobbyists. American personal computers were expensive for personal use (Initial list price of the
367:
The first member of the PC-8000 series, the PC-8001 was first introduced on May 9, 1979, and went on sale in September 1979 for
1948:
646:
business in Japan, so N-BASIC was provided for NEC with a very low licence fee. It had been developed at Microsoft's office in
643:
506:
The PC-8011 Expansion Unit provides additional capabilities and interfaces, which has 32 KB RAM sockets for μPD416
439:
1706:
1380:
515:
1655:
599:
and slow clock speed. The PC-8001 was intended to be a high-performance and inexpensive computer for personal use.
388:
774:
While its most obvious improvement was in its graphical capabilities, the Mark II also included an internal 5.25"
616:
562:
724:
The PC-8001 was introduced on May 9, 1979, and its prototype went to the public at the Microcomputer Show '79
531:
In Japan, Nippon Electric's Microcomputer Sales Section in the Electronic Device Sales Division released the
739:
computers (buying 17 units) and started teaching programming as an elective subject in 1981. In April 1982,
624:
163:
1927:
1917:
1699:
1874:
1742:
536:
1637:
1583:
1566:
1066:
720:
June 1979. "A dramatic story with the computer will begin. The Personal Computer comes out from NEC."
491:
285:
190:
1025:
627:. After lunch, they went to Microsoft's office, and then Gates told him the importance of having a
399:
1488:
1351:
1258:
740:
999:
1609:
1544:
1519:
1492:
1463:
1435:
1431:
1330:
1262:
1235:
1231:
1149:
1120:
1116:
1005:
978:
921:
753:" using the PC-8001. Its textbook "Introduction to Microcomputers - the first half of Showa 57
639:
628:
552:
410:
372:
297:
277:
942:
499:
colors, and up to 20 different attributes per line can be set. The attribution also supports
1769:
1400:
1222:
1107:
851:
827:
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716:
471:
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392:
384:
186:
168:
150:
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1649:
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accepted by the executive director Ouchi's decision, but his stubbornness was admirable."
710:
635:
496:
483:
340:
119:
1642:
1138:
Kocher, C P; Keith, Michael (1982). "Six Personal Computers from Japan : PC-8001A".
1167:
634:
The team had already been developing a BASIC interpreter, but Watanabe decided to adopt
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1759:
1754:
1193:
913:
831:
791:
607:
603:
459:
324:
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because it was widely used in the North American market. At that time, Microsoft and
544:
396:
380:
309:
80:
1784:
818:
806:
676:
500:
368:
109:
46:
809:
memory from 16 kB to 48 kB, allowing for 640×200-pixel graphics or 320×200-pixel
434:
The PC-8001A was released in the United States in August 1981, and was priced at
1683:
1679:
787:
775:
743:
started the television program "Interest course 'Introduction to Microcomputers'
682:
Watanabe's bosses, Electronic Device Sales Division manager Morichika Sawanobori
663:
507:
376:
348:
263:
259:
359:
1869:
1749:
1737:
814:
671:
620:
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at a computer store. They only exchanged business cards, but Nishi introduced
487:
455:
1613:
1496:
1405:
1266:
1239:
1153:
1124:
871:
competition for any of the color-based home computers currently being sold".
482:
interpreter, called N-BASIC, fits in 24 KB of ROM. This is a variant of
1799:
658:
651:
611:
475:
344:
172:
790:). This led to a relative dearth of software produced for it, particularly
418:
1890:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1515:
974:
839:
555:
540:
519:
447:
413:
918:
The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972 - 2005
37:
647:
17:
1105:"ASCII EXPRESS : PC-8000シリーズ、いよいよアメリカに上陸開始、米国仕様PC-8001Aのスペックは?".
1816:
548:
328:
313:
1458:田中, 繁廣 (1988-02-17). "ドキュメント・NECのPC戦略―市場制覇への道を切り拓いた戦士達 その決断と挑戦の歴史".
666:) because NEC had only developed expensive printers for mainframes.
518:, a serial port, a floppy drive controller, a parallel port and an
1789:
1779:
1666:
835:
823:
783:
709:
596:
592:
532:
479:
425:
358:
336:
332:
301:
249:
1397:
Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
662:
by New Nippon Electric. Printers were provided from Tokyo Denki (
1691:
863:
156:
1695:
1352:"【大河原克行の「パソコン業界、東奔西走」】ビル・ゲイツとの密会、サードパーティ戦略。いま振り返る「PC-8001」成功物語"
1722:
305:
176:
70:
60:
1220:
ASCIIラボラトリーズ (1979). "LOAD TEST No.4: 日本電気株式会社 NEC PC-8001".
782:
While the price of the PC-8001mkII was comparable with other
606:
to survey the application of microprocessors, he ran across
861:
Although handicapped by the lack of English documentation,
1543:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. 1988-02-17. pp. 62–63.
642:(the main Microsoft dealer in Japan) intended to expand
551:
was 248,000 yen). In 1978, the Hitachi Basic Master and
323:) were also sold in some European countries like in the
591:. They had already planned to release a version of the
319:
Original models of the NEC PC-8001B (or sometimes the
1638:
Available software at 2012 and picture of NEC PC-8001
1883:
1815:
1808:
1730:
1600:"The NEC PC-8001: A New Japanese Personal Computer"
1253:田口, 潤 (1984-10-29). "アップル社の対日戦略：米国産リンゴは日本人の口に合うか".
255:
245:
237:
229:
221:
213:
205:
197:
182:
162:
149:
141:
126:
104:
86:
76:
66:
56:
1564:"パソコン特集 : パソコン、着実な歩み : 情報処理教育は普通高校にも".
209:NEC μPD3301 CRT + μPD8257C (Intel 8257 clone) DMA
1287:"日本PC事始 その2: デバイス屋が創ったNECのパーソナル コンピュータ「PC-8001」"
964:
962:
289:
1453:
1451:
890:
888:
886:
884:
756:
746:
727:
695:
685:
584:
574:
1707:
1462:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 76–89.
1215:
1213:
908:
906:
8:
1598:Keith, Michael; Kocher, C P (January 1981).
1374:
1372:
1280:
1278:
1276:
813:graphics modes. Additionally, the primitive
523:through the PC-8011 or the PC-8033 adapter.
30:
1587:(Evening ed.). 1989-02-10. p. 12.
1329:(in Japanese). 日本電気文化センター. pp. 46–72.
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
619:during its first day. The next day, he met
510:, 8 KB ROM sockets for 2716 PROMs, an
1812:
1714:
1700:
1692:
1660:
201:Text 80 × 25, Graphics 160 × 100, 8 colors
45:
36:
29:
1539:"PC-9800シリーズ100万台突破を検証する―PCウォッチャー6名の分析".
1404:
1194:"PC-8801 Programing - VRAM Information -"
503:, and each characters have a 2×4 matrix.
438:(32 KB of RAM). It is modified to reduce
308:. The PC-8001 model was also sold in the
122:1,495 (equivalent to $ 3,876 in 2023)
850:The Japanese personal computer magazine
379:into a single unit. At a time when most
51:PC-8001 with monitor and external floppy
880:
1959:Computer-related introductions in 1979
692:and executive director Atsuyoshi Ōuchi
899:(in Japanese). NEC. pp. 653–654.
7:
1169:NEC Personal Computer PC-8000 Series
117: (equivalent to $ 4,340 in 2023)
112:(equivalent to ¥246,603 in 2019)
1426:"秋葉原ビットイン誕生秘話 : 渡邊和也氏インタビュー".
654:prototype, known as the PC-8001g.
25:
1383:[Development of PC-8801]
955:(5): 95 – via Google Books.
371:168,000. Its design combines the
1923:
1922:
1913:
1912:
430:The character set of the PC-8001
1:
581:and chief designer Tomio Gotō
941:Hawkins, William J. (1981).
440:electromagnetic interference
1581:"NHK教育テレビ30周年 比重増す生涯教育番組".
1483:"急成長続けるパーソナル・コンピュータの国内市場".
1001:Microcomputer Buyer's Guide
834:keyboard connector, and an
290:
92:; 45 years ago
1975:
233:430(W) × 260(D) × 80(H) mm
27:NEC personal computer line
1908:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1570:. 1982-04-28. p. 33.
1512:パソコン大図鑑 最新・人気パソコン目的別全カタログ
1434:. 2004. pp. 98–103.
1082:"PC-8001-Computer Museum"
1070:. 1979-05-10. p. 14.
805:The mkIISR increased the
757:
747:
728:
696:
686:
617:West Coast Computer Faire
585:
575:
563:Kazuya Watanabe(engineer)
547:was 298,000 yen, and the
281:
44:
35:
1954:Z80-based home computers
1656:NEC PC-8001 / 8801 games
1518:. 1981. pp. 30–31.
1406:10.1587/bplus.2010.15_58
943:"New personal computers"
920:. GAMEPLAN. p. 33.
895:日本電気社史編纂室 (2001-12-25).
450:glyphs in the character
1673:NEC Personal Computers
1491:: 188–193. 1981-01-21.
1198:mydocuments.g2.xrea.com
763:" sold 700,000 copies.
1949:NEC personal computers
1918:NEC personal computers
1350:大河原, 克行 (2019-08-05).
998:Webster, Tony (1981).
721:
431:
364:
225:AC 100 V 50/60 Hz 20 W
1428:蘇るPC-9801伝説 永久保存版 第1弾
1389:電子情報通信学会 通信ソサイエティマガジン
1358:. Impress Corporation
1300:. SSIS半導体シニア協会: 14–15
1030:www.old-computers.com
713:
650:, and NEC provided a
537:single-board computer
429:
389:cassette tape storage
362:
291:Pī-Shī Hassen Shirīzu
1584:Nihon Keizai Shimbun
1567:Nihon Keizai Shimbun
1379:加藤, 明 (2011-06-01).
1067:Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun
822:expansion slot to a
512:interrupt controller
484:Microsoft Disk BASIC
817:was replaced by an
470:The PC-8001 has an
71:New Nippon Electric
32:
1928:NEC supercomputers
1731:Personal computers
1648:2017-04-04 at the
1608:. pp. 72–88.
1541:100万人の謎を解く ザ・PCの系譜
1489:Nikkei McGraw-Hill
1460:100万人の謎を解く ザ・PCの系譜
1259:Nikkei McGraw-Hill
1175:. Japan: NEC. 1981
1053:: 104. April 1983.
830:expansion slot, a
741:NHK Educational TV
722:
623:at the airport in
602:When Goto visited
458:) are replaced by
432:
365:
300:developed for the
298:personal computers
105:Introductory price
1936:
1935:
1904:
1903:
1884:SX-related topics
1875:SX-Aurora TSUBASA
1690:
1689:
1677:Succeeded by
1652:, Oldcomputer.com
1432:ASCII Corporation
1086:museum.ipsj.or.jp
1049:"Buyer's Guide".
629:de facto standard
543:was 358,000 yen,
446:regulations. The
316:as the PC-8001A.
269:
268:
145:250,000 (PC-8001)
130:January 1983
16:(Redirected from
1966:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1813:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1664:Preceded by
1661:
1625:
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1620:
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1589:
1588:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1561:
1555:
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1536:
1530:
1529:
1510:"日本電気 PC-8001".
1507:
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1480:
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1232:ASCII Publishing
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1164:
1158:
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1128:
1117:ASCII Publishing
1102:
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869:
762:
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758:マイコン入門 昭和57年度 前期
752:
750:
749:
733:
731:
730:
729:マイクロコンピュータショウ'79
706:Success in Japan
701:
699:
698:
691:
689:
688:
590:
588:
587:
580:
578:
577:
571:
437:
422:
408:
363:Original PC-8001
295:
293:
283:
175:compatible) @ 4
151:Operating system
137:
135:
116:
100:
98:
93:
49:
40:
33:
21:
1974:
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1969:
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1939:
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1932:
1900:
1896:Earth Simulator
1879:
1804:
1726:
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1669:
1650:Wayback Machine
1634:
1629:
1628:
1618:
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1592:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1514:(in Japanese).
1509:
1508:
1504:
1487:(in Japanese).
1482:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1430:(in Japanese).
1425:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1399:: 15_58–15_65.
1391:(in Japanese).
1384:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1325:太田, 行生 (1983).
1324:
1323:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1296:(in Japanese).
1289:
1285:後藤, 富雄 (2006).
1284:
1283:
1274:
1257:(in Japanese).
1252:
1251:
1247:
1226:(in Japanese).
1219:
1218:
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1202:
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1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
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1172:
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1137:
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1132:
1111:(in Japanese).
1104:
1103:
1099:
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1062:
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1032:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1004:. p. 208.
997:
996:
992:
985:
973:(in Japanese).
969:小林, 紀興 (1987).
968:
967:
960:
948:Popular Science
940:
939:
935:
928:
914:Forster, Winnie
912:
911:
904:
894:
893:
882:
877:
867:
848:
811:double-buffered
800:
769:
754:
744:
725:
708:
693:
683:
636:Microsoft BASIC
631:. Goto agreed.
582:
572:
565:
529:
468:
442:to comply with
435:
416:
402:
357:
341:the Netherlands
275:
262:
133:
131:
118:
114:
113:
96:
94:
91:
61:Nippon Electric
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1972:
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1962:
1961:
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1951:
1941:
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1410:. Retrieved
1392:
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1381:"PC-8001の開発"
1360:. Retrieved
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1302:. Retrieved
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1201:. Retrieved
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1177:. Retrieved
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1148:(5): 69–74.
1145:
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1089:. Retrieved
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1051:Which Micro?
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1033:. Retrieved
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1020:
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819:FM synthesis
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748:趣味講座「マイコン入門」
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400:Basic Master
391:unit, and a
366:
320:
318:
272:
270:
155:DISK BASIC,
127:Discontinued
87:Release date
67:Manufacturer
1684:NEC PC-8801
1680:NEC PC-6001
1667:COMPO BS/80
897:日本電気株式会社百年史
842:connector.
776:floppy disk
767:PC-8001mkII
664:Toshiba TEC
652:wirewrapped
625:Albuquerque
566: [
535:in 1976, a
527:Development
417: [
403: [
349:New Zealand
321:NEC PC-8000
282:PC-8000シリーズ
264:NEC PC-8801
260:NEC PC-6001
250:COMPO BS/80
246:Predecessor
1943:Categories
1619:18 October
1485:日経エレクトロニクス
1412:2016-11-03
1362:2019-08-25
1304:2019-03-23
1203:2021-03-19
1179:2021-03-19
1091:2022-11-14
1035:2022-11-14
875:References
826:character
815:PC speaker
714:Advert in
672:parity bit
621:Bill Gates
488:Intel 8257
456:JIS X 0201
304:market by
230:Dimensions
142:Units sold
1817:SX series
1795:UltraLite
1725:computers
1614:0360-5280
1497:0385-1680
1267:0285-4619
1261:: 71–79.
1240:0386-5428
1234:: 34–41.
1154:0360-5280
1125:0386-5428
971:富士通の大逆襲計画
846:Reception
659:mainframe
612:Microsoft
436:US$ 1,295
377:mainboard
351:as well.
345:Australia
256:Successor
115:US$ 1,295
57:Developer
1891:SUPER-UX
1785:ProSpeed
1646:Archived
1516:Kodansha
1356:PC Watch
1255:日経コンピュータ
1119:. 1981.
975:Kodansha
916:(2005).
840:joystick
541:Apple II
520:IEEE-488
448:Katakana
409:and the
375:and the
373:keyboard
302:Japanese
278:Japanese
206:Graphics
108:168,000
1770:PC-8201
1643:PC-8001
838:-style
648:Seattle
593:TK-80BS
490:clone)
397:Hitachi
385:printer
355:PC-8001
343:and in
286:Hepburn
198:Display
189:24 KB,
134:1983-01
132: (
95: (
31:PC-8001
18:PC-8001
1870:SX-ACE
1750:PC-100
1612:
1547:
1522:
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1395:(15).
1333:
1327:パソコン誕生
1294:Encore
1265:
1238:
1230:(11).
1152:
1123:
1008:
981:
924:
556:MZ-80K
549:TRS-80
414:MZ-80K
329:France
314:Canada
217:Beeper
183:Memory
1800:Versa
1790:TK-80
1780:PC-98
1385:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1223:ASCII
1173:(PDF)
1115:(9).
1108:ASCII
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852:ASCII
836:Atari
824:Kanji
792:games
784:8-bit
717:ASCII
697:大内 淳義
687:沢登 盛親
640:ASCII
597:BASIC
586:後藤 富雄
576:渡邊 和也
570:]
553:Sharp
533:TK-80
514:, an
508:DRAMs
480:BASIC
454:(see
421:]
411:Sharp
407:]
337:Italy
333:Spain
222:Power
214:Sound
193:16 KB
1865:SX-9
1860:SX-8
1855:SX-7
1850:SX-6
1845:SX-5
1840:SX-4
1835:SX-3
1830:SX-2
1825:SX-1
1621:2013
1610:ISSN
1605:Byte
1545:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1493:ISSN
1464:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1393:2010
1331:ISBN
1263:ISSN
1236:ISSN
1150:ISSN
1141:Byte
1121:ISSN
1006:ISBN
979:ISBN
922:ISBN
864:BYTE
387:, a
347:and
339:and
312:and
271:The
241:4 kg
238:Mass
157:CP/M
120:CA$
97:1979
90:1979
77:Type
1738:APC
1723:NEC
1401:doi
953:219
828:ROM
644:OEM
497:RGB
492:DMA
476:Z80
452:ROM
444:FCC
393:CRT
306:NEC
191:RAM
187:ROM
177:MHz
173:Z80
164:CPU
110:yen
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