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306:. At the same time, David felt that it was inappropriate to use his initials on a program he no longer maintained. The name "STAR-Light" (Software Taskforce on Animation and Rendering) was initially used, but eventually the name became "PV-Ray", and then ultimately "POV-Ray" (Persistence of Vision Ray Tracer), a name inspired by
1703:(GPL), or other open source licenses, is that POV-Ray was developed before the GPL-style licenses became widely used; the developers wrote their own license for the release of POV-Ray, and contributors to the software worked under the assumption their contributions would be licensed under the POV-Ray 3.6 Licenses.
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Starting with version 3.7, POV-Ray is released under the AGPL3 (or later) license and thus is Free
Software according to the FSF definition. Full source code is available, allowing users to build their own versions and for developers to incorporate portions or all of the POV-Ray source into their
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feature; it is essentially a pure renderer with a sophisticated model description language. To accompany this feature set, third parties have developed a large variety of modeling software, some specialized for POV-Ray, others supporting import and export of its data structures, including the free
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This fact provides POV-Ray with several advantages and disadvantages over other rendering and modeling systems; POV-Ray primitives are more accurate than their polygonal counterparts: objects that can be described in terms of spheres, planar surfaces, cylinders, tori, and the like, are perfectly
1657:. Namely, the POV-Ray 3.6 Distribution License and the POV-Ray 3.6 Source License, which permitted free distribution of the program source code and binaries, but restricts commercial distribution and the creation of derivative works other than fully functional versions of POV-Ray.
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The following is an example of the scene description language used by POV-Ray to describe a scene to render. It demonstrates the use of a background colour, camera, lights, a simple box shape having a surface normal and finish, and the transforming effects of rotation.
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On the other hand, script-based primitive modeling is not always a practical method to create certain objects, such as realistic characters or complex man-made artifacts like cars. Those objects can be created first in mesh-based modeling applications such as
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One of POV-Ray's main attractions is its large collection of third-party-made assets and tools. A large number of tools, textures, models, scenes, and tutorials can be found on the web. It is also a useful reference for those wanting to learn how
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When the program proved to be more popular than anticipated, they could not keep up with demand for more features. Thus, in July 1991, David turned over the project to a team of programmers working in the "GraphDev"
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Official modifications to the POV-Ray source tree are done and/or approved by the POV-Team. Most patch submission and/or bug reporting is done in the POV-Ray newsgroups on the
286:. He experimented with it for a while and eventually decided to write his own ray tracer named DKBTrace after his initials. He posted it to the "You Can Call Me Ray"
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may be visible in mesh-based modeling software. POV-Ray primitives are also simpler to define than most of their polygonal counterparts, e.g., in POV-Ray, a
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Features of the application, and a summary of its history, are discussed in a
February 2008 interview with David Kirk Buck and Chris Cason on episode 24 of
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program that generates images from a text-based scene description. It was originally based on DKBTrace, written by David Kirk Buck and Aaron A. Collins for
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is described simply by its center and radius; in a mesh-based environment, a sphere must be described by a multitude of small connected polygons (usually
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computers. There are also influences from the earlier
Polyray raytracer because of contributions from its author, Alexander Enzmann. POV-Ray is
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own software provided it is distributed under a compatible license (for example, the AGPL3 or – at their option – any later version).
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290:(BBS) in Chicago, thinking others might be interested in it. In 1987, Aaron A. Collins downloaded DKBTrace and began working on an
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POV-Ray internally represents objects using their mathematical definitions; all POV-Ray primitive objects can be described by
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and patched versions of POV-Ray available from third parties; however, these are not officially supported by the POV-Team.
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The following script fragment shows the use of variable declaration, assignment, comparison and the while loop construct:
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POV-Ray has matured substantially since it was created. Recent versions of the software include the following features:
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of older versions is available for modification, due to the above 3.6 and prior license restrictions, it was not
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1132:// pigment: Sets a color for the box ("Red" as defined in "colors.inc")
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1138:// normal: Sets a bumpiness for the box using the "agate" in-built model
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primitive (using equations that represent its surface, rather than its interior).
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support for custom output resolutions (This includes extreme resolutions such as
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smooth and mathematically accurate in POV-Ray renderings, whereas polygonal
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The current official version of POV-Ray is 3.7. This version introduces:
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port of it. He and David Buck collaborated to add several more features.
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Some of the main introduced features of the previous release (3.6) are:
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838:// direction: Sets, among other things, the field of view of the camera
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because the pixel is sub-divided and sub-sub-divided recursively. The
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support are officially supported for
Windows and Linux. Unofficial
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are still in development and may be subject to syntactical change.
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A number of additional POV-Ray compatible modelers are linked from
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Type 1 is an adaptive, non-recursive, super-sampling method. It is
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772:// Includes a separate file defining a number of common colours
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and related 3D geometry and computer graphics algorithms work.
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scene description language (SDL) that supports macros and loops
1792:"POV-Ray: Documentation: 1.1.5.3 A Historic 'Version History'"
386:
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1561:). Since POV-Ray's source is available there are unofficial
1039:// translate: Moves the light source to a desired location
943:// translate: Moves the light source to a desired location
347:, and other photorealistic capabilities (image created by
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1135:// finish: Sets how the surface of the box reflects light
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1985:"POV-Ray: Documentation: 2.1.2.2 General Output Options"
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are examples of POV-Ray images made with very short code
1036:// color: Sets the color of the light source (dark grey)
691:(an intermediate between a sphere and a cube), and the
667:(a finite approximation of an arbitrary function), the
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Sometime in the 1980s, David Kirk Buck downloaded the
2068:"POV-Ray/povray: The persistence of Vision Raytracer"
796:// Sets a background colour for the image (dark grey)
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and rendered output in many image formats, including
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a library of ready-made scenes, textures, and objects
940:// color: Sets the color of the light source (white)
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adding 16- and 32-bit integer data to a density file
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nature of type 2 is the variable depth of recursion.
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David Kirk Buck, Aaron A. Collins, Alexander
Enzmann
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2012:"POV-Ray: Documentation: 2.1.2.8 Tracing Options"
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1714:version 3 (or later). Thus POV-Ray is since then
2089:http://www.aetec.ee/fv/vkhomep.nsf/pages/povman2
270:A vase on a pedestal rendered with DKBTrace 2.12
1764:– a freeware ray-tracing program with enhanced
1680:definition of the term. This was a problem as
1505:The POV-Ray program itself does not include a
335:Glass scene rendered by POV-Ray demonstrating
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841:// right: Sets the aspect ratio of the image
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1952:"The TWiT Netcast Network with Leo Laporte"
1928:"Documentation: 1.1.5 The Early History of"
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844:// look_at: Tells the camera where to look
745:Examples of the scene description language
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2209:) is being considered for deletion. See
1523:In 2007, POV-Ray acquired the rights to
1303:POV-Ray image output based on the script
757:POV-Ray image output based on the script
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1706:In 2013, with version 3.7, POV-Ray was
1638:to any platform which has a compatible
709:to compose all the objects in a scene.
2087:for such an implementation, see e.g.,
2799:Domain-specific programming languages
2006:
2004:
7:
1865:"POV-Ray Beta Release v3.8.0-beta.2"
2829:Software using the GNU AGPL license
2120:"POV-Ray 3.6 Distribution License"
1510:and open-source 3D creation suite
657:, supports mathematically defined
112:v3.8.0-beta.2 (August 9, 2021
25:
2213:to help reach a consensus. ›
1712:GNU Affero General Public License
641:POV-Ray, in addition to standard
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2161:Cason, Chris (8 November 2013).
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1688:ecosystem was impossible due to
1631:versions for v3.7 can be found.
582:of 3.7 to demonstrate their new
229:Persistence of Vision Ray Tracer
2814:Free software programmed in C++
2436:Electric Image Animation System
1572:plug-ins. Some features, like
1518:Povray.org: Modelling Programs
1033:// Places another light source
677:15th order or lower polynomial
101:/ 7 November 2013; 8 July 2021
27:Text-based ray-tracing program
1:
1972:Paul Bourke: Supershape in 3D
605:of four spheres created with
248:free and open-source software
231:, most commonly acronymed as
2819:Global illumination software
2141:"POV-Ray 3.6 Source License"
683:(a 3-dimensional slice of a
385:atmospheric effects such as
2293:GigaMesh Software Framework
1543:Development and maintenance
607:constructive solid geometry
375:constructive solid geometry
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2047:"News: Moray Announcement"
1701:GNU General Public License
1684:exchange with the greater
1141:// rotate: Rotates the box
525:high-dynamic-range imaging
2804:Free 3D graphics software
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1616:the Linux version can be
515:symmetric multiprocessing
421:surface patterns such as
313:The Persistence of Memory
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2211:templates for discussion
2163:"Download POV-Ray 3.7.0"
1604:is not available in the
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937:// Places a light source
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689:superquadratic ellipsoid
609:, or CSG. The source is
369:support for a number of
2794:Cross-platform software
2683:Open Cascade Technology
1690:License incompatibility
611:on the description page
2809:Free graphics software
2109:on megapov.inetart.net
1909:. Alexander R. Enzmann
1728:Open Source Definition
1623:The 3.7 versions with
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700:mathematical functions
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527:(HDRI), including the
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71:; 33 years ago
2070:. POV-Ray. 2013-09-06
2049:. POV-Ray. 2007-02-01
1954:. Twit.tv. 2008-02-07
1867:. POV-Ray. 2021-08-09
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288:bulletin board system
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114:; 3 years ago
2784:3D graphics software
2256:3D computer graphics
2107:povrayunofficial_mac
1724:open source software
1722:definition and also
675:object defined by a
371:geometric primitives
254:available under the
2592:Cyber Studio CAD-3D
2328:Point Cloud Library
1608:version, but since
519:multiple processors
431:procedural textures
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2094:2007-02-07 at the
1530:2020-04-28 at the
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835:// Places a camera
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558:to more primitives
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69:July 29, 1991
46:Original author(s)
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2656:Core technologies
2406:Blackmagic Fusion
2401:AutoQ3D Community
1886:"POV-Ray License"
1845:. 7 November 2013
1843:"Release 3.7.0.0"
1726:according to the
1718:according to the
1694:copyleft licenses
1672:according to the
637:are demonstrated.
601:Rendering of the
576:Intel Corporation
379:several kinds of
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2761:3D rendering
2703:ShapeManager
2622:Softimage 3D
2506:Pixar Presto
2466:LightWave 3D
2446:Golaem Crowd
2332:
2283:CloudCompare
2204:
2173:
2166:. Retrieved
2156:
2145:. Retrieved
2143:. povray.org
2135:
2124:. Retrieved
2122:. povray.org
2114:
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2083:
2072:. Retrieved
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2051:. Retrieved
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2019:. Retrieved
2015:
1992:. Retrieved
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1932:. Retrieved
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1890:. Retrieved
1888:. povray.org
1880:
1869:. Retrieved
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:
1786:
1748:Amiga portal
1705:
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663:such as the
658:
655:heightfields
645:shapes like
643:3D geometric
640:
603:Venn diagram
580:beta version
573:
549:
535:file formats
523:support for
513:support for
508:
495:
489:
485:
481:
444:support for
435:bump mapping
411:, and light
390:
354:
321:FLOSS Weekly
318:
311:
296:
273:
232:
228:
226:
60:The POV-Team
56:Developer(s)
2756:3D modeling
2642:TurboSilver
2265:Open-source
2199:‹ The
2168:11 November
1682:source code
1666:open source
1662:source code
901:image_width
499:ray tracing
409:refractions
405:reflections
349:Gilles Tran
276:source code
252:source code
250:, with the
240:ray-tracing
126:[±]
2778:Categories
2731:Comparison
2713:IntelliCAD
2597:Dynamation
2431:Daz Studio
2338:Seamless3d
2147:2016-12-12
2126:2016-12-12
2074:2022-08-05
2053:2014-05-05
2021:2023-09-08
1994:2023-09-08
1958:2014-05-05
1934:2014-05-05
1913:2016-07-05
1892:2014-05-05
1871:2021-08-29
1828:2018-12-19
1823:povray.org
1801:2018-12-19
1796:povray.org
1779:References
1710:under the
1708:relicensed
1642:compiler.
1602:Intel Macs
799:background
693:parametric
669:polynomial
665:isosurface
660:primitives
635:focal blur
631:refraction
593:Primitives
564:improving
556:UV mapping
554:extending
463:extensive
345:focal blur
304:CompuServe
196:Ray tracer
168:Written in
138:Repository
119:2021-08-09
76:1991-07-29
2688:Parasolid
2678:KernelCAD
2637:TrueSpace
2617:Sculpt 3D
2556:Strata 3D
2461:Kerkythea
2421:Cinema 4D
2303:MakeHuman
1930:. POV-Ray
1762:Kerkythea
1646:Licensing
1574:radiosity
1483:the_angle
1477:the_angle
1468:the_angle
1330:the_angle
1312:the_angle
1096:translate
1000:translate
880:direction
727:triangles
715:artifacts
584:dual-core
538:improved
486:recursive
440:radiosity
337:radiosity
258:license.
2741:Category
2673:HOOPS 3D
2647:VistaPro
2632:Swift 3D
2561:Terragen
2546:SketchUp
2536:Shark 3D
2531:Shade 3D
2501:Paint 3D
2441:E-on Vue
2426:Clara.io
2348:Wings 3D
2323:OpenSCAD
2258:software
2201:template
2092:Archived
1849:15 March
1766:Sketchup
1734:See also
1652:POV-Ray
1618:compiled
1610:Mac OS X
1538:Software
1528:Archived
1507:modeling
1501:Modeling
1474:#declare
1426:specular
1309:#declare
1228:specular
853:location
775:#include
763:#version
735:Wings 3D
704:triangle
673:infinite
540:bounding
533:radiance
490:adaptive
482:adaptive
446:textures
423:wrinkles
413:caustics
327:Features
151:/POV-Ray
2693:Romulus
2607:N-World
2602:Imagine
2575:Defunct
2521:Remo 3D
2481:Messiah
2471:MASSIVE
2456:Houdini
2451:Hexagon
2416:Carrara
2366:3D-Coat
2333:POV-Ray
2313:MoonRay
2308:MeshLab
2288:FreeCAD
2278:Blender
2216:POV-Ray
2203:below (
2035:Blender
1772:Sunflow
1756:Blender
1676:or the
1654:License
1620:on it.
1594:Windows
1578:splines
1512:Blender
1405:pigment
1399:texture
1207:pigment
1201:texture
910:look_at
739:Blender
679:), the
651:spheres
529:OpenEXR
427:ripples
262:History
235:, is a
233:POV-Ray
214:Website
203:License
153:/povray
117: (
74: (
31:POV-Ray
2708:Teigha
2566:ZBrush
2376:Arnold
2318:OpenFX
2220:Curlie
2206:Curlie
1636:ported
1570:shader
1465:rotate
1435:normal
1420:finish
1324:#while
1267:rotate
1237:normal
1222:finish
847:camera
719:sphere
707:meshes
653:, and
566:64-bit
542:using
456:, and
415:using
399:clouds
278:for a
147:github
123:)
18:POVRay
2582:Amapi
2516:Poser
2411:Bryce
1692:with
1598:Linux
1563:forks
1525:Moray
1447:scale
1441:agate
1411:color
1249:scale
1243:agate
1213:color
1177:>,
1069:color
973:color
892:right
805:color
723:quads
546:trees
395:smoke
391:media
300:forum
284:Amiga
244:Amiga
2751:List
2663:ACIS
2541:Silo
2491:Nuke
2486:Modo
2371:AC3D
2170:2013
1851:2018
1686:FOSS
1614:Unix
1596:and
1576:and
1552:news
1495:#end
1444:0.25
1396:>
1378:<
1375:>
1348:<
1333:<
1288:>
1270:<
1246:0.25
1198:>
1180:<
1150:<
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1099:<
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1084:0.25
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1003:<
997:>
979:<
970:>
952:<
931:>
913:<
877:>
856:<
829:>
826:0.25
820:0.25
814:0.25
811:<
737:and
647:tori
633:and
623:dice
531:and
478:SSAA
458:JPEG
433:and
389:and
373:and
308:Dalí
280:Unix
227:The
191:Type
149:.com
2698:RGK
2668:C3D
2218:at
1720:FSF
1678:FSF
1674:OSI
1668:or
1640:C++
1629:Mac
1625:SMP
1606:Mac
1590:Mac
1429:0.6
1414:Red
1393:0.5
1387:0.5
1381:0.5
1372:0.5
1363:0.5
1354:0.5
1342:box
1336:360
1231:0.6
1216:Red
1195:0.5
1189:0.5
1183:0.5
1174:0.5
1165:0.5
1156:0.5
1144:box
1072:rgb
976:rgb
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922:0.0
916:0.0
883:1.5
874:4.0
865:0.5
859:0.0
808:rgb
790:1.0
766:3.6
729:).
725:or
627:CSG
544:BSP
471:16K
454:PNG
450:TGA
387:fog
302:on
292:x86
172:C++
2780::
2172:.
2014:.
2003:^
1987:.
1943:^
1821:.
1810:^
1794:.
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