313:
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34:
762:, not a narration of a historical event, because the author mentions that in his narrative, Chittor stands for the body, Raja (Ratnasimha) for the mind, Singhal for the heart, Padmavati for wisdom, and Alauddin for lust. Lal concludes that the only historical facts in the legend are that Alauddin captured Chittor, and that the women of the fort (including a queen of Ratnasimha) died in
824:, an almost contemporary work. ...... it must be admitted that there is no inherent impossibility in the kernel of the story of Padminī devoid of all embellishments, and it should not be totally rejected off-hand as a myth. But it is impossible, at the present state of our knowledge, to regard it definitely as a historical fact."
395:
are rescued by the Ocean, but all their followers die in the storm. Lakshmi, the daughter of the Ocean, tests
Ratansen's love for Padmavati by appearing before him disguised as Padmavati. Ratansen passes the test, and is rewarded with gifts by the Ocean and Lakshmi. With these gifts, he recruits a new entourage at
718:) became the first popular Rajput adaptation of the legend. Between 16th and 18th centuries, more Rajput versions of the Padmavati legend were compiled in present-day Rajasthan, under the patronage of the Rajput chiefs. Most medieval histories written after Firishta (16th century), including the 18th century
753:
claims that
Ratnasimha spent 12 years in quest of Padmavati, and then 8 years in conflict with Alauddin. Lal also points out the inconsistencies in the narratives of the later medieval historians. For example, Firishta states that Alauddin ordered his son Khizr Khan to evacuate Chittor in 1304, and
457:. He picks up the ashes of Ratansen and his wives Padmavati and Nagmati, lamenting that he "wanted to avoid this". Alauddin continues, "Desire is insatiable, permanent / but this world is illusory and transient / Insatiable desire man continues to have / Till life is over and he reaches his grave."
441:
ruler Devpal proposes marriage to
Padmavati. On his return, Ratansen learns about this insult, and decides to punish Devpal. In the ensuing single combat, Ratansen and Devpal kill each other. Meanwhile, Alauddin's army reaches Chittor. Facing a certain defeat, Nagmati and Padmavati along with other
394:
longs for him in
Chittor. She uses a bird to send a message to Singhal, following which Ratansen decides to return to Chittor. Ratansen has excessive pride in being married to the most beautiful woman on the earth, for which he is punished by a sea storm during the return journey. He and Padmavati
357:
Inspired by the parrot's description of
Padmavati's beauty, Ratansen decides to visit the Singhal kingdom. Joined by his 16,000 vassals and princes, and with the parrot as his guide, he reaches Singhal after crossing the seven seas. There, he tries to win Padmavati by performing
433:
Padmavati asks Gora and Badal to help her free
Ratansen. The two men and their followers enter the fortress of Delhi, disguised as Padmavati and her companions. They free Ratansen, but Gora is killed fighting during the escape, while Badal takes Ratansen to Chittor.
374:
Disguised as ascetics, Ratansen and his followers attack the fortress, but are captured by
Gandharvsen. As Ratansen is about to be executed, his bard reveals his identity. Gandharvsen then marries Padmavati to Ratansen, and also arranges 16,000
362:
in a temple. Informed by the parrot, Padmavati visits the temple and returns without meeting
Ratansen, although she begins to long for him. Meanwhile, at the temple, Ratansen decides to commit suicide for having missed her. The deities
402:
In
Chittor, Padmavati and Nagmati vie for Ratansen's attention. Initially, he placates them by spending nights with them alternately, but then establishes peace by reprimanding them. Meanwhile, he banishes the
345:
Hiraman. Her father disapproves of their closeness, and orders the parrot to be killed. The parrot flies away to escape the punishment, but is captured by a bird catcher, and ultimately ends up as a pet of the
1130:
422:. When asked about the bangle, he describes the unmatched beauty of Padmavati. Alauddin then besieges Chittor, and demands Padmavati for himself. Ratansen rejects the demand, offering to pay a
496:, and contains interlinear Persian translations. Other Persian manuscripts include the ones copied by Rahimdad Khan of Shahjahanpur (1697) and Abdulla Ahmad Khan Muhammad of Gorakhpur (1695).
426:
instead. Alauddin rejects the offer, and the siege continues. Finally, as part of fresh terms of peace, Ratansen invites
Alauddin as a guest inside the fort, against the advice of his vassals
148:
rashly asks her new parrot who is more beautiful, she or his former owner Princess Padmavati of Sri Lanka. Naturally, she gets a displeasing answer." An illustrated manuscript of Padmavat,
879:
1275:
807:, a prolific writer of the era and a courtier of Alauddin Khilji." He states that there "is no historical evidence of this Padmavati event - this story is a poet's imagination".
1144:
1120:
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722:, mention the Padmavati episode. The close resemblances in the various legendary narratives about Padmavati indicate that all these accounts are based on Jaisi's
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then appointed a nephew of Ratnasimha as its new governor. However, Khizr Khan left Chittor much after 1304. According to Lal, Jaisi himself suggests that
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bards also adapted and expanded the legend, without consideration to historical facts. Hemratan's Gora Badal Padmini Chaupai (
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historian Aditya Mukherjee, in "the contemporary period, there is no mention of this event, no accounts of Padmavati by
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The Kaithi manuscripts contain a large number of additional verses, and are often incomplete or poorly transcribed.
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legend. For example, that Ratnasimha had ascended the throne in 1301, and was defeated by Alauddin in 1303 whereas
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definitely says that he gives the story of Padminī from "ancient chronicles", which cannot obviously refer to the
446:(mass self-immolation), while the men fight to death. Alauddin captures an empty fortress, thus denied his prize.
44:
1326:
817:
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647:) is a loose adaptation of the Padmavati story, being adapted into several versions of theater plays and books.
77:
1276:"Padmavati controversy: History is at risk of being trapped between Left, Right interpretations of the past"
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880:"Padmavati trailer: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's new film looks grand, spellbinding and very expensive!"
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of the text, based on five different manuscripts, the earliest of which is from the 17th century.
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1300:
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187:
918:
Meyer, William Stevenson; Burn, Richard; Cotton, James Sutherland; Risley, Herbert Hope (1909).
430:. Alauddin deceitfully catches a glimpse of Padmavati, captures Ratansen, and returns to Delhi.
484:
The Nastaʿlīq manuscripts form the oldest layer of the text. The earliest extant manuscript of
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1103:"Padmavati has been a part of Indian theatre & cinema for 111 years, and nobody protested"
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948:"'Padmavat' reminds us that a major casualty of the gory Rajput conflicts were Rajput women"
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1372:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
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vary considerably in length, and are written in a number of different scripts, including
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was influenced by this. It inspired a number of novels, plays and poems in 19th-century
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852:"Absurdity of epic proportions: Are people aware of the content in Jayasi's Padmavat?"
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ends with Jayasi's own words, "I have made up the story and related it." According to
407:
courtier Raghav Chetan for fraudulently winning a contest. Padmavati gifts Raghav her
277:. It is the oldest extant text among the important works in Awadhi. A famous piece of
91:
1482:
1051:"Absurdity of epic proportions: Are people aware of the content in Jayasis Padmavat?"
810:
Regarding the historicity of Padmini's (Padmavati) story, historian S. Roy wrote in
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Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One
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are historical figures, whereas Padmavati may have been a fictional character.
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legend as history, but their accounts suffer from inconsistencies. The later
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is best among the four types of women, typically found only in Singhal.)
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1328:
History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06, The Delhi Sultanate
1121:"9 Path Breaking Films Of Shahid Kapoor That Changed The Face Of Cinema"
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1369:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
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The Many Lives of a Rajput Queen: Heroic Pasts in India C. 1500–1900
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intervene, and Shiva advises him to attack the fortress of Singhal.
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567:(1618) of Mulla Abdul Shakur or Shaikh Shukrullah Bazmi of
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1296:"Bollywood film Padmavati faces protests from Karni Sena"
928:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 430–431
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narrative is a fabrication: the contemporary chronicler
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exist in Persian and Urdu. The most famous of these are
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Padmavati isn’t history, so what’s all the fuss about?
1145:"CBFC chief Prasoon Joshi: No comment on 'Padmavati'"
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58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1331:. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 26–27
1325:; A. D. Pusalker; A. K. Majumdar, eds. (1967).
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961:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006).
734:, but places it during the 16th century king
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813:The History and Culture of the Indian People
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1358:(1992). "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In
492:, by Muhammad Shakir. It was discovered in
488:is a Nastaliq manuscript copied in 1675 in
386:As Padmavati and Ratansen consummate their
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745:points out several inconsistencies in the
300:. Alauddin Khalji and Padmavati's husband
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131:
579:symbolism for characters and events. The
540:(1590) of Hansa Dakkani, a court poet of
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
1097:
1095:
650:Early cinematic adaptations include the
583:(1658) of Aqil Khan Razi (a governor of
843:
316:Rani Padmini, popularly referred to as
1464:The Padumawati of Malik Muammad Jaisi
612:. It also had Bengali adaptations by
7:
442:women of the fort commit suicide by
56:adding citations to reliable sources
465:The earliest extant manuscripts of
1416:. University of Washington Press.
1391:History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)
390:in Singhal, Ratansen's first wife
14:
1133:from the original on 4 June 2017.
532:The earliest known adaptation of
643:literatures, မင်းကုသနှင့်ပပဝတီ (
273:, and originally in the Persian
32:
1394:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
925:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
730:also mentions the story in his
604:written in the 17th century by
453:, and the nature of insatiable
437:During Ratansen's absence, the
281:from the period, it relates an
43:needs additional citations for
591:) retains the Sufi symbolism.
1:
712:
523:
502:Mataprasad Gupta published a
321:
149:
703:and Hajiuddabir adapted the
510:Translations and adaptations
414:Raghav goes to the court of
1263:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
1176:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
801:Jawaharlal Nehru University
788:, but does not mention any
614:Kshirode Prasad Vidyavinode
379:women for his companions. (
1525:
1440:. Har-Anand Publications.
969:Cambridge University Press
626:is the ultimate source of
399:, and returns to Chittor.
292:'s desire for the titular
285:fictional story about the
18:
1489:Hindi-language literature
449:Alauddin reflects on his
411:in order to placate him.
137:
738:'s invasion of Chittor.
16:16th century Awadhi epic
920:"Vernacular Literature"
786:conquest of Ranthambore
772:believes that even the
645:Minkutha & Papawati
575:closely, but omits the
202:13th–14th century India
19:For the 2018 film, see
1356:Banarsi Prasad Saksena
1251:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
1239:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
1227:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
1215:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
1200:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
1188:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
1164:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
1087:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
1075:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
1035:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
1016:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
995:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
906:Ramya Sreenivasan 2007
770:Banarsi Prasad Saksena
551:Twelve adaptations of
529:
518:Cover of French Opera
333:, the princess of the
327:
265:, who wrote it in the
681:Sanjay Leela Bhansali
656:Chittoor Rani Padmini
517:
315:
263:Malik Muhammad Jayasi
164:Malik Muhammad Jayasi
1474:in Devanagari script
618:Abanindranath Tagore
571:follows the plot of
542:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
52:improve this article
1364:Khaliq Ahmad Nizami
1284:. 24 November 2017.
1253:, pp. 127–128.
1178:, pp. 370–371.
1166:, pp. 123–126.
1153:. 24 November 2017.
1109:. 20 November 2017.
1059:. 23 November 2017.
964:India Before Europe
950:. 25 November 2017.
854:. 24 November 2017.
784:during the earlier
699:historians such as
267:Hindustani language
258:written in 1540 by
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1150:The Times of India
758:is meant to be an
695:The late medieval
683:, is based on the
639:One of the famous
610:Bengali literature
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188:Historical Fiction
1447:978-81-241-1064-5
1423:978-0-295-98760-6
1408:Ramya Sreenivasan
1386:Kishori Saran Lal
888:. 9 October 2017.
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108:October 2021
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50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
1499:Sufi poetry
1335:15 November
1307:16 November
1056:India Today
818:Abu-'l Fazl
720:Bahrulamvaj
691:Historicity
677:Indian film
527: 1923
461:Manuscripts
360:austerities
337:, is close
325: 1765
283:allegorical
198:Set in
192:Epic poetry
153: 1750
1504:Epic poems
1494:1540 books
1483:Categories
1301:Al Jazeera
828:References
741:Historian
672:(2018), a
661:Hindi film
652:Tamil film
439:Kumbhalner
236:Wikisource
78:newspapers
67:"Padmavat"
1400:685167335
1281:Firstpost
1107:The Print
838:Citations
795:The poem
674:Bollywood
669:Padmaavat
633:Padmâvatî
630:'s opera
620:in 1909.
601:Padmavati
589:Aurangzeb
565:Rat-Padam
557:Rat-Padam
538:Prem Nama
520:Padmâvatî
479:Nastaʿlīq
341:with the
331:Padmavati
318:Padmavati
302:Ratan Sen
294:Padmavati
260:Sufi poet
256:epic poem
208:Published
133:Padmavat
21:Padmaavat
1472:Padmavat
1434:(2004).
1410:(2007).
1388:(1950).
1378:31870180
1131:Archived
822:Padmāvat
797:Padmavat
760:allegory
756:Padmavat
751:Padmavat
747:Padmavat
724:Padmavat
705:Padmavat
701:Firishta
685:Padmavat
666:(1964).
636:(1923).
624:Padmavat
573:Padmavat
553:Padmavat
534:Padmavat
486:Padmavat
467:Padmavat
388:marriage
352:Ratansen
254:) is an
251:Padmawat
245:Padmavat
231:Padmavat
170:Language
1366:(ed.).
932:6 April
697:Persian
641:Burmese
596:Bengali
569:Gujarat
424:tribute
405:Brahmin
392:Nagmati
381:Padmini
377:padmini
369:Parvati
348:Chittor
339:friends
298:Chittor
174:Persian
146:Nagmati
144:"Queen
92:scholar
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790:jauhar
782:jauhar
774:jauhar
765:jauhar
709:Rajput
587:under
563:. The
494:Rampur
490:Amroha
475:Nagari
471:Kaithi
455:desire
444:jauhar
409:bangle
350:ruler
271:Awadhi
178:Awadhi
160:Author
94:
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80:
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833:Notes
736:Akbar
606:Alaol
598:epic
585:Delhi
420:Delhi
365:Shiva
220:India
184:Genre
99:JSTOR
85:books
1442:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1396:OCLC
1374:OCLC
1362:and
1337:2021
1309:2017
973:ISBN
934:2009
594:The
577:Sufi
559:and
477:and
397:Puri
367:and
308:Plot
248:(or
226:Text
211:1540
176:and
71:news
544:of
536:is
418:in
269:of
234:at
54:by
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