37:
679:"Reclassification of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) pulvifaciens (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994, a Later Subjective Synonym of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) larvae (White 1906) Ash et al. 1994, as a Subspecies of P. larvae, with Emended Descriptions of P. larvae as P. larvae subsp. larvae and P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens"
389:
de Graaf, Dirk C; Alippi, Adriana M; Antúnez, Karina; Aronstein, Katherine A; Budge, Giles; De Koker, Dieter; De Smet, Lina; Dingman, Douglas W; Evans, Jay D; Foster, Leonard J; Fünfhaus, Anne; Garcia-Gonzalez, Eva; Gregore, Aleš; Human, Hannelie; Murray, K Daniel; Nguyen, Bach Kim; Poppinga, Lena;
325:
is found worldwide. Genotypes ERIC I and II are most frequently isolated from global AFB outbreaks. In contrast, genotypes ERIC III and IV are found in bacteriology archives and are considered practically unimportant. ERIC V was found in honey and has not been isolated from infected colonies yet.
783:"Discovery of Paenibacillus larvae ERIC V: Phenotypic and genomic comparison to genotypes ERIC I-IV reveal different inventories of virulence factors which correlate with epidemiological prevalences of American Foulbrood"
291:). In 2006, the subspecies were eliminated based on spore morphology, biochemical profile and DNA testing, and when it was also demonstrated that experimental infection of honeybee larvae with the
1218:
781:
Beims, Hannes; Bunk, Boyke; Erler, Silvio; Mohr, Kathrin I.; Spröer, Cathrin; Pradella, Silke; Günther, Gabi; Rohde, Manfred; von der Ohe, Werner; Steinert, Michael (2020).
624:"Molecular identification of rRNA group 3 bacilli (Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins) using a PCR probe test: Proposal for the creation of a new genus Paenibacillus"
1179:
1231:
731:"Reclassification of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens and Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae as Paenibacillus larvae without subspecies differentiation"
1153:
915:"Analysis of the Global Population Structure of Paenibacillus larvae and Outbreak Investigation of American Foulbrood Using a Stable wgMLST Scheme"
1205:
368:
677:
Heyndrickx, M.; Vandemeulebroecke, K.; Hoste, B.; Janssen, P.; Kersters, K.; De Vos, P.; Logan, N. A.; Ali, N.; Berkeley, R. C. W. (1996).
306:, named after their enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences. Genotype ERIC I corresponds to the former species of
729:
Genersch, Elke; Forsgren, Eva; Pentikäinen, Jaana; Ashiralieva, Ainura; Rauch, Sandra; Kilwinski, Jochen; Fries, Ingemar (2006-03-01).
850:"Biogeography of P aenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood, using a new multilocus sequence typing scheme"
526:. Technical series no. 14. Vol. no.14. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. pp. 40–43.
1210:
364:
231:
is a rod-shaped bacterium with slightly rounded ends, approximately 2.5–5 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. The spore of
848:
Morrissey, Barbara J.; Helgason, Thorunn; Poppinga, Lena; Fünfhaus, Anne; Genersch, Elke; Budge, Giles E. (April 2015).
36:
973:
1192:
1282:
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347:, which the infected small hive beetle can spread the bacteria by directly contacting both honey and honeybee.
247:. In 1950, a bacterium isolated from bee larvae and associated with the rare disease "powdery scale" was named
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In 1906, G.F. White first described the bacterium that caused
American foulbrood (AFB), and named it
220:, rod-shaped bacterium, which forms spores which can remain viable for at least thirty-five years.
830:
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567:"Bacillus Pulvifaciens (N. Sp.), an Organism Associated with Powdery Scale of Honeybee Larvae"
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Spivak, Marla; van
Engelsdorp, Dennis; Wilkins, Selwyn; Genersch, Elke (2 April 2015).
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141:, 1906) Ash et al., 1994 emend. Heyndrickx et al., 1996 emend. Genersch et al., 2006
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Schäfer, Marc Oliver; Ritter, Wolfgang; Pettis, Jeff; Neumann, Peter (2010-01-01).
663:
521:
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974:"American Foulbrood in honeybees and its causative agent, Paenibacillus larvae"
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502:. Agriculture Handbook No. AH–690. U.S. Department of Agriculture. pp. 3–9
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subspecies caused
American foulbrood signs without causing "powdery scale".
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1030:"Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, are vectors of Paenibacillus larvae"
435:"A PCR detection method for rapid identification of Paenibacillus larvae"
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48:
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310:, and genotypes ERIC II, III and IV correspond to the former species of
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causes
American foulbrood in honeybees. The transmission is helped by
1063:
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The bacteria of the apiary, with special reference to bee diseases
735:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
493:
Shimanuki, Hachiro; Knox, David A. (2000). "American foulbrood".
314:. A fifth genotype ERIC V has recently been discovered in honey.
1132:
192:(White, 1906) Ash et al., 1994 emend. Heyndrickx et al., 1996
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235:
is oval, approximately 0.6 μm wide and 1.3 μm long.
913:
Papić, Bojan; Diricks, Margo; Kušar, Darja (2021-02-26).
622:
Ash, Carol; Priest, Fergus G.; Collins, M. David (1993).
206:
is a species of bacterium, found worldwide, which causes
263:. The two species were combined into a single species:
267:
in 1996, remaining differentiated as two subspecies:
1076:
724:
722:
392:"Standard methods for American foulbrood research"
683:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
433:Govan, VA; Allsopp, MH; Davison, S (May 1999).
210:, a fatal disease of the larvae of honeybees (
787:International Journal of Medical Microbiology
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184:(Nakamura, 1984) Heyndrickx et al., 1996
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7:
1247:5243dbf8-9ee0-4134-8658-04e2f59c0f5b
176:(Nakamura, 1984) Ash et al., 1994
14:
981:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
259:were transferred to a new genus,
181:Paenibacillus larvae pulvifaciens
520:White, Gershom Franklin (1906).
35:
972:Genersch, Elke (January 2010).
919:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
496:Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases
459:10.1128/AEM.65.5.2243-2245.1999
396:Journal of Apicultural Research
1:
251:by Katznelson. In 1993, both
583:10.1128/jb.59.2.153-155.1950
189:Paenibacillus larvae larvae
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854:Environmental Microbiology
800:10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151394
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173:Paenibacillus pulvifaciens
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32:Scientific classification
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298:There are at least four
874:10.1111/1462-2920.12625
628:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
571:Journal of Bacteriology
565:Katznelson, H. (1950).
532:10.5962/bhl.title.87503
409:10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.11
365:"Paenibacillus larvae"
1046:10.1051/apido/2009037
748:10.1099/ijs.0.63928-0
289:Bacillus pulvifaciens
249:Bacillus pulvifaciens
165:Bacillus pulvifaciens
1224:paenibacillus-larvae
1078:Paenibacillus larvae
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203:Paenibacillus larvae
131:Paenibacillus larvae
25:Paenibacillus larvae
16:Species of bacterium
993:2010JInvP.103S..10G
866:2015EnvMi..17.1414M
451:1999ApEnM..65.2243G
640:10.1007/BF00873085
336:American foulbrood
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987:: S10–S19.
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216:). It is a
1277:Categories
1034:Apidologie
1014:2020-04-26
925:: 582677.
506:2020-02-26
419:2263/40908
351:References
287:(formerly
275:(formerly
224:Morphology
79:Bacillales
1093:Q18088582
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882:1462-2912
835:210841828
819:1438-4221
757:1466-5026
705:0020-7713
648:0003-6072
591:0021-9193
540:cite book
341:P. larvae
323:P. larvae
304:P. larvae
300:genotypes
281:P. larvae
269:P. larvae
253:B. larvae
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107:Species:
59:Bacillota
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1009:19909971
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827:31959580
765:16514018
609:15421942
477:10224028
374:21 April
148:Synonyms
85:Family:
55:Phylum:
49:Bacteria
45:Domain:
1159:3227565
1133:1270882
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989:Bibcode
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447:Bibcode
95:Genus:
75:Order:
69:Bacilli
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