809:(ROC), containing ROC naval vessels Taihe and Yongshun - approached Cloma's expedition with the boat PMI-IV "and invited Captain Cloma (and Chief Engineer Benito Danseco, and other crew members) and aboard (the naval vessel Tai He ) for a conference. A 4-hour discussion over ownership ensued, during which Cloma was below deck, unaware that a boarding party had searched his vessel and confiscated all arms/ammunition, maps and documents. Captain Cloma protested but was treated discourteously, interrogated, and kept under detention until allowed to rejoin his boat. The next day he was again invited aboard the Chinese ship. There, even under threat to their lives, Cloma and his officers refused to recognize that Freedomland was Chinese territory and to sign a statement (signed under duress, according to Filemon Cloma's son ) that they would leave Freedomland and never come back. Cloma was forced to surrender arms for which he was given a receipt, whereupon the Chinese ship left Ciriaco. Captain Cloma found that the houses on Ciriaco and Irenea had been removed, and the buildings on Abad Santos Island burned down." (Quotation marks directly above indicated heavy paraphrasing from.)
940:. Only Pag-asa Island, among all Philippine-occupied Spratly islands, is currently inhabited by Filipino civilians. The civilian population of about 300, which includes children, were introduced in 2001. However, fewer than 200 civilian Filipinos are present on the island at a time. They live in a few dozen houses, linked with sandy paths. It administers nearly dozen other islets, cays, and reefs in the Spratly Islands. It is the only Philippine-occupied island in the Spratlys to have a significant number of structures, including a municipal hall, multi-purpose hall, health center, integrated school, police station, coast guard station, marine research station, water-filtration plant, engineering building,
64:
3451:
281:
1090:
3631:
298:
3556:
264:
205:
1097:
4756:
3506:
3661:
3426:
315:
48:
71:
1359:
790:, officials who were responsible for reclaiming the South China Sea Islands embarked to recover the island from the Japanese. The Ministry of the Interior re-erected national markers on the major islands, drew up detailed maps of them, renamed them, and published the Location Map of the South China Sea Island.
848:
Command, the
Republic of China Navy detachment that arrived at Zhongye Island on the same day found that the Philippine Marine Corps was on the island, and Captain Hao Deyun immediately ordered the command with their 76mm gun was ready to be fired. The Philippine navy on the island was a huge threat
793:
In May 1956, Tomás Cloma, a
Philippine national, landed on several of the islands, claiming that he had discovered them and enjoyed the rights associated with discovery-occupation. The ROC ambassador to the Philippines immediately issued a statement stressing that the islands were ROC territory, and
843:
to avoid the typhoons. However, after the typhoon, the Taiwan side changed its defense, transferred the original troops back to Taiwan, and then used the landing ship to transport new troops to
Zhongye Island. The Philippines saw this empty space and organized the troops to land on the island on 29
1250:
plant, a port, and runway repairs. Newly repaired naval and air ports will enable the delivery of construction materials and essential supplies to improve living conditions, and construction of desalination plant, renewable energy power source, cold storage facility, and fish port. A beaching ramp
1174:
Commanding
General, Jose L. Rancudo, is a military and civilian airfield which was built in 1978 and has a 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) unpaved airstrip. It was operating on just 1,200 m (3,900 ft) because both ends of the runway were eroded by the sea. Repairs, initially set to begin by
458:
In May 2020, the island's new sheltered port, and harbor were built, as well as a beaching ramp at the tip of the airstrip. In early 2023, the concreting of the runway was completed. Civilian infrastructures in the island include the airstrip, a lighthouse, a 5-bed lying-in clinic, a communication
911:
switched on its ₱33 million
Kalayaan Diesel Power Plant project that covered the supply, delivery and installation of the 300 kilowatt diesel generating sets, a 13.8-kilovolt (kV) distribution line and fuel oil storage tanks, providing round-the-clock power to the facilities on the island.
870:
In 2018–19, the
Philippines started to build a beach ramp, enabling the delivery of construction equipment for to work on the construction, rehabilitation and repairs of the Rancudo Airfield airstrip, soldiers' barracks, conventional and renewable power generators,
466:
The island is the largest of the
Philippine-administered islands in Spratly Islands. While most of the occupants of the structures in the Spratly Islands have military personnel or temporary tourists, the island is the only one with a permanent civilian settlement.
1385:
889:(DND) led the inauguration of a beaching ramp on Thitu Island which was finally completed after three years. The facility enabled to bring in more materials and equipment to repair and maintain the airstrip and building of other facilities. Also, the
849:
to
Taiwanese forces, as a result they suddenly received an order from above: no challenge, the troops returned to Taiping Island. These Chinese Kuomintang officers and men had to watch the Zhongye Island falling into the hands of the Philippines.
1222:
leading to a deep-water region. This has already been completed as of June 2020, paving the way for
Philippine Navy ships and contractors to proceed with the landing of equipment for the improvement of the facilities of the island.
794:
sent a letter of protest to
Philippine Vice President and Foreign Secretary Carlos Polestico Garcia. The Philippine government stated that these were individual actions by Cloma and had nothing to do with the Philippine government.
994:
which were built in the 1970s, a few years after the Philippine military base was established. Two-thirds of the Philippine military stationed in Philippine-occupied islands (i.e. 40 out of 60 soldiers) are assigned to the island.
2331:
1238:
filed a bill on 27 August 2016, that aims to promote the island as an ecotourism zone. If such proposal will be enacted to a law, other islands controlled by the Philippines would also be declared as protected areas under the
948:. The residents raise pigs, goats, and chickens, and plant crops in an allotted space to supplement their supplies of goods provided by a naval vessel which visits once a month. By day, the residents get electricity from a
1845:
960:
installed on the island. The houses do not have running water – water is used from tanks in front of each house. A diesel power plant was activated on 12 June 2021, providing full power from day to night.
454:
In 1971 following a storm on the island the island was seized by the Philippines from the Republic of China (Taiwan). it is administered by the Philippines a part of Kalayaan municipality of Palawan Province.
2852:
897:, and completed construction of access ramp on Thitu Island, which will enable the Philippines to commence repair to the airbase runway. China has been asked by the Philippines to respect the
750:. Three crewmembers survived for months on the island, built a raft, and used bird feathers to make a sail. The castaways were able to reach Vietnam, later China, and from there return to
3062:
893:(DOTR) confirmed that the new seaport and sheltered port on Thitu Island is completed and ready to operate by 12 June. In June 2020, the Philippines reversed its decision to suspend the
2335:
894:
965:
852:
The island was formally annexed into the Philippines when the country created the municipality of Kalayaan on Pag-asa island on 11 June 1978, by virtue of Presidential Decree 1596.
1955:
972:
facilities at Pag-asa Intergrated School, Barangay Hall, and other sites on the island. This has allowed children on the island to continue with their distance learning.
3269:
769:
sent naval troops to the Spratlys, including Thitu Island. On 21 December 1933, Governor M. J. Krautheimer in Cochinchina (now Vietnam) decided to annex the Spratlys to
4119:
3876:
3325:
1852:
1576:
1334:
2666:
2424:
2408:
2371:
886:
4608:
3891:
1324:
451:, it also administers nearly a dozen other islets, cays and reefs in the Spratly Islands. The island is 270 nautical miles west from Palawan, Philippines.
63:
688:) refers to another area 7.5 km northeast of this island. The modern Mandarin Chinese name of the island was taken from one of the battleships named
2860:
1240:
890:
136:
770:
1446:
3929:
2567:
1089:
2176:
4781:
4716:
4139:
3871:
3218:
2100:
Granados, Ulises (2009). "Ocean Frontier Expansion and the Kalayaan Islands Group Claim: Philippines' Postwar Pragmatism in the South China Sea".
1329:
1287:
2684:
2945:
2910:
1198:(LT-504) ran aground during a failed attempt to dock near the island. The damaged ship remains at the site of the accident. Additionally, the
2739:
2285:
990:
Being the second largest of the Spratly Islands, It is tightly protected by the Philippine forces. The island's beaches have unused concrete
3192:
1722:
3318:
2222:
2637:
4628:
4129:
3881:
3560:
2970:
2482:
1439:
Note that in 2014 the PRC embarked on a number of reclamation projects in the Spratly Islands. It appears that the largest of these, at
1339:
979:
plans to upgrade its coast guard station on Pag-asa Island to boost monitoring of incursions and maritime safety and search and rescue.
1868:
4149:
3376:
1683:
844:
July and renamed the island "Pag-asa Island". According to the 155th page of the second episode of "The Land Salary" published by the
759:
3063:"Statement of the National Task Force for the West Philippine Sea on the deployment of more government assets in West Philippine Sea"
711:
3886:
2258:
2149:
1263:
243:
3092:
1310:
extension of the Pag-asa Island Airport Development Project is a government priority, since it vowed presence in contested waters.
2581:
3244:
2883:
1648:
1203:
3117:
2815:
4454:
4038:
3688:
3311:
1391:
408:
1920:
1254:
The Philippine government plans to turn the island into a logistics hub to sustain the country's military forces in the area.
4613:
4010:
1983:
1761:
898:
515:
2454:
2713:
1551:
823:
installed a sovereignty stele on Thitu Island by crew members of the three vessels Huong Giang, Chi Lang and Ky Hoa of the
4669:
4639:
4288:
4033:
3995:
3922:
3859:
3573:
3145:
813:
507:
1793:
4000:
3813:
1777:
231:
2386:
1202:
has since then built a naval base on the island, specifically for the purposes of training the Philippine Navy's elite
812:
After the Chinese government's building burning and confiscation of property, Tomas and Filemon Cloma agitated for the
4651:
3359:
2797:
2663:
1884:"Exhibition of Historical Archives on the Southern Territories of the Republic of China: A Chronology of Major Events"
2428:
1883:
4786:
4657:
3023:
1474:
908:
904:
In August 2020, the Kalayaan municipal government named six sandbars and two reefs associated with Pag-asa Island.
219:
3019:
1246:
In 2017, approximately 1.6 billion pesos was allocated to the island's development, for projects including a
4791:
2068:
727:
There are historical records of the island having been inhabited, at various times in history, by fishermen from
3915:
3273:
3043:
1956:"Peace in the South China Sea, National Territory Secure Forever: Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy"
1360:"Peace in the South China Sea, National Territory Secure Forever: Position Paper on ROC South Clina Sea Policy"
820:
3164:
2357:
1819:
1700:
1443:, is of at least 60 hectares, and according to some unverifiable sources, possibly as large as 150 hectares.
4709:
4623:
4582:
3854:
2996:
2248:
2139:
4721:
4645:
2536:
2187:
1267:
976:
864:
806:
736:
1982:
The office of the Honourable Senator Thanh Hai Ngo; Labrosse, Vincent; Wilson, Angus (15 February 2017).
875:
facilities, lighthouses, sewage disposal system, shelters and storage facilities for civilian fishermen.
4731:
4387:
3967:
3960:
3703:
1525:
1283:
1730:
1591:
2955:
1846:"MỘT SỐ TƯ LIỆU LỊCH SỬ, PHÁP LÝ VỀ CHỦ QUYỀN CỦA VIỆT NAM ĐỐI VỚI HAI QUẦN ĐẢO HOÀNG SA VÀ TRƯỜNG SA"
1622:
1226:
The island has a white sand coastline, is filled with trees, and is a sanctuary of several species of
4633:
4592:
3708:
2853:"Bridging the Digital Gap: DICT activates Free Wi-Fi sites and provides Tech4Ed in Kalayaan, Palawan"
1499:
1171:
460:
1869:
https://www.roc-taiwan.org/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Position-Paper-on-ROC-South-China-Sea-Policy.pdf
758:
was discovered by Philippine authorities, and artifacts were recovered and are now displayed at the
4663:
4485:
4432:
4339:
3818:
3693:
3608:
3248:
1175:
2018, have been delayed. The repairs and pavement of the runway have been completed in early 2023.
845:
550:
541:
533:
378:
368:
38:
613:
573:
4569:
4402:
4370:
4324:
4303:
4124:
3865:
3828:
3798:
3683:
3533:
3483:
2568:
Philippines bolsters posture in South China Sea after navy ship docks at new Spratly Islands port
2117:
1570:
1278:
Parish Priest-Rector Fr. Reynante "Nante" Unidad Tolentino, ACSP President, his requested Marian
1275:
670:
2609:
4726:
4166:
4101:
4089:
3391:
3353:
2935:
2281:
2254:
2145:
1757:
1679:
1319:
1188:
1068:
1028:
1017:
937:
836:
802:
787:
488:
440:
420:
359:
248:
2372:"Chinese Warship, Cutter Violate Pag-asa Island Territorial Sea, Says Philippine Coast Guard"
2302:
2011:
4736:
4690:
4459:
4447:
4442:
4260:
4084:
4015:
3987:
3778:
3713:
3618:
3468:
2275:
2109:
2007:
1440:
1387:
Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region
1183:
Naval Station Emilio Liwanag (formerly called Naval Station Pag-Asa) is a naval base of the
766:
732:
693:
646:
642:
599:
559:
504:
492:
390:
4701:
4536:
4490:
4375:
4298:
4111:
3978:
3938:
3803:
3753:
3396:
3334:
3222:
2772:
2670:
2642:
2614:
2586:
2459:
1215:
1199:
1184:
949:
920:
Thitu Island is a low-lying island with trees, shrubs, and sand bars. It is surrounded by
798:
782:
Establishment of civilian administration by the Republic of China and Claim by Tomás Cloma
416:
412:
180:
124:
2410:
Taiwan's Successes and Challenges on Fisheries Cooperation with the Philippines and Japan
3219:"Philippine Coast Guard to bring 2 images of Our Lady of Peace & Good Voyage to WPS"
1412:
4618:
4577:
4559:
4469:
4437:
4407:
4319:
4293:
4245:
4240:
4025:
3896:
3808:
3768:
3728:
3648:
3643:
3598:
3568:
3538:
3463:
882:
landed on the ramp. Work on the port and upgrades to the island's airstrip progressed.
840:
831:
Seizure by the Philippines from the Republic of China and Occupation by the Philippines
675:
1652:
4775:
4760:
4587:
4382:
4329:
4230:
4213:
4176:
4171:
4064:
4043:
3954:
3946:
3763:
3733:
3718:
3603:
3593:
3518:
3488:
3348:
2974:
2823:
2541:
824:
2859:. Department of Information and Communication Technology. 7 May 2021. Archived from
1678:(in Simplified Chinese). 四川人民出版社 (Sichuan People's Publishing). pp. 1092–1093.
4755:
4516:
4427:
4360:
4334:
4270:
4094:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3773:
3738:
3698:
3543:
3386:
3165:"In shadow of China's reef city, Philippines seeks upgrade for its island patriots"
3001:
1247:
1235:
872:
591:
432:
428:
3270:"Philippines to develop airport on South China Sea island, amid Beijing tensions"
1820:"PHILIPPINES: ARCHAEOLOGISTS STUDY ARTEFACTS FROM ANCIENT SHIPWRECK | AP Archive"
805:
in ), two nationalist Chinese ships - namely, the Ning Yuan (寧遠) flotilla of the
4553:
4511:
4506:
4392:
4365:
4355:
4255:
4225:
4220:
4203:
4198:
4059:
3743:
3678:
3673:
3583:
3578:
3555:
3523:
3478:
3473:
3438:
3406:
3401:
3381:
1303:
1192:
1191:, a retired World War II and Korean War veteran. In 2004, the Philippine Navy's
957:
953:
921:
879:
839:(Taiwan) authorities ordered all the garrisons on Zhongye Island to withdraw to
448:
269:
210:
2332:""White Paper on the Hoang Sa (Paracel) and Truong Sa (Spratly) Islands (1975)"
2046:
1251:
and sheltered port were inaugurated in 2020. Runway repairs began in mid-2021.
4397:
4208:
3758:
3588:
3528:
1231:
925:
867:
constructed 5 lighthouses in the area, and this includes one on Thitu Island.
786:
After Japan's surrender to the allies in 1945 saw the island returned to the
17:
1447:"China plans artificial island in disputed Spratlys chain in South China Sea"
987:
The island has been occupied and administered by the Philippines since 1971.
152:
138:
4464:
4191:
4005:
3723:
3493:
2951:
2394:
1227:
436:
424:
47:
731:
in present-day Vietnam and the Chinese, and during the Second World War by
499:("Hope"). It is also variously called in the following languages, English:
2509:
2113:
1592:"A Demonstration of Resolve in Pag-asa Island | Foreign Service Institute"
4235:
4134:
3748:
3510:
3505:
3044:"Keeping an Eye on the Islands: Remote Monitoring in the South China Sea"
2141:
South China Sea Disputes, The: Historical, Geopolitical And Legal Studies
1782:(8th ed.). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010.
1271:
1219:
1158:
945:
637:
224:
2121:
1413:"Philippine Population Density (Based on the 2020 Census of Population)"
3665:
3660:
3169:
3122:
3027:
2939:
1299:
1279:
1072:
751:
641:). It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as "Tiezhi Island" from the
629:
556:
476:
444:
320:
236:
3298:
835:
On 18 April 1971, due to a strong typhoon hitting Zhongye Island, the
608:
605:
568:
565:
3635:
3630:
3430:
3425:
3193:"Sobejana pushes for logistics hub on Pag-asa Island: 'This is ours'"
2911:"PH Coast Guard station upgrade in Pag-asa planned amid China threat"
1307:
1187:
within Kalayaan, Palawan. It was renamed on 7 July 2009, in honor of
1128:
1115:
991:
941:
878:
By May 2020, the beaching ramp was completed and Filipino Naval ship
747:
728:
701:
654:
523:
472:
398:
303:
3047:
1298:
In July 2024, President Marcos, Jr. announced the development of an
2740:"Freedom Day brings more power to outpost asserting PH sovereignty"
2334:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Vietnam). Archived from
3907:
3455:
3450:
3303:
969:
468:
286:
2638:"Tugade confirms Pag-Asa Island seaport ready to open by June 12"
2828:
2303:"An International History of the Dispute in the South China Sea"
3911:
3307:
3146:"Angara bill: Declare Pag-asa Island an ecotourism destination"
3118:"Angara bill: Declare Pag-asa Island an ecotourism destination"
1552:"Civilians emerge as pawns in South China Sea legal chess game"
2884:"Pag-asa Island residents get free internet access from gov't"
2582:"PH inaugurates beaching ramp on Pagasa Island in West PH Sea"
860:
Seven new buildings were constructed on Thitu Island in 2017.
2685:"Kalayaan LGU names 6 sandbars, reefs in West Philippine Sea"
2664:
Golden period of China-Philippines friendship loses its shine
2387:"In the 1970s, the Philippines took Thitu Island from Taiwan"
1954:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China; Lin, David.
936:
The island serves as the town proper to the municipality of
952:
owned by the municipality. By night, they shift to stored
3093:"Runway fix for PH-occupied Pag-asa Island to start soon"
2393:. Southern News Network(Nan Fang Zhou Mo). Archived from
407:), having an area of 37.2 hectares (92 acres), it is the
1596:
Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies
901:, which rejected China's claims in the South China Sea.
2483:"Philippines to build 5 lighthouses in Spratly Islands"
1282:, announced it will permanently be installed by Bishop
966:
Department of Information and Communications Technology
1623:"The residents of Pag-asa: Life on a disputed island"
765:
From 1930 to 1933, the French colonial government in
463:, and a small integrated elementary and high school.
415:. It lies about 500 kilometers (310 mi) west of
3299:
Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative Island Tracker
2047:"Chapter 72 Chapter 3 Danger and Mischief 1946-1995"
4679:
4601:
4568:
4545:
4529:
4499:
4478:
4420:
4348:
4312:
4281:
4159:
4148:
4110:
4077:
4052:
4024:
3986:
3977:
3945:
3847:
3791:
3657:
3627:
3552:
3502:
3447:
3422:
3415:
3369:
3341:
2250:
The South China Sea: The Struggle for Power in Asia
1649:"Who is the owner of the Spratly Islands?(Chinese)"
1114:
1078:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1005:
895:
Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement
340:
332:
327:
254:
242:
230:
218:
194:
186:
176:
130:
120:
115:
88:
37:
2358:"The nation needs tanker aircraft to save islands"
1241:National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
1794:"Philippine Seas Are a Trove of Sunken Treasures"
594:Chinese fishermen historically called the island
4120:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
3877:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
3245:"PCG sends Virgin of Antipolo to Pag-asa Island"
2227:Kingdom of Colonia St John: Information Services
1754:Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands
1335:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
2223:"The History of the Kingdom of Colonia St John"
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
2798:"Squatters in paradise say it's job from hell"
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
1921:"Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy"
746:sank on the reefs of Thitu Island en route to
3923:
3319:
2537:"Repairs on Pag-asa Island to continue – DND"
1878:
1876:
1676:中国近代边界史 (A modern history of China's borders)
1445:Kristine Kwok and Minnie Chan (8 June 2014).
714:era to regain control of the island in 1946.
710:), sent by the Chinese government during the
8:
1575:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
32:
3892:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
2133:
2131:
2102:International Relations of the Asia-Pacific
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1977:
1975:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1550:Mogato, Greg Torode, Manuel (29 May 2015).
1526:"PH town 'no match' vs China's Sansha City"
1469:
1467:
1325:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
1266:chapel is being constructed in the island.
664:
623:
583:
4156:
4145:
3983:
3930:
3916:
3908:
3419:
3326:
3312:
3304:
3042:Gupta, Vipin; Bernstein, Adam (May 1999).
3020:"Analysis of Aerial and Satellite Imagery"
3018:Gupta, Vipin; Bernstein, Adam (May 1999).
2997:"What If China Did Invade Pag-asa Island?"
2952:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008
2934:The largest of the Spratly Islands is the
2448:
2446:
1500:"More developments seen in Pag-asa Island"
1294:Pag-asa Island Airport Development Project
1002:
797:On October 1, 1956, at Bei Zi Reef in the
46:
31:
2673:, South China Morning Post, 23 July 2020.
2253:. Yale University Press. pp. 65–68.
2170:
2168:
1218:has since 1999 proposed to create a long
1170:Rancudo Airfield, named after the former
3013:
3011:
2570:, South China Morning Post, 27 May 2020.
2563:
2561:
2559:
1925:South China Sea: Facts and Legal Aspects
1096:
816:to support their claims to Freedomland.
4140:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
3872:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
2973:(in Simplified Chinese). Archived from
2510:"WPS security assured with more assets"
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1701:"The Spratlys and the Philippine claim"
1651:(in Simplified Chinese). Archived from
1365:. ROC Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2016
1351:
1330:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
1288:Military Ordinariate of the Philippines
4664:Designation of the West Philippine Sea
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2535:Cortez, Gillian M. (8 February 2019).
1568:
1435:
1433:
846:Republic of China(Taiwan) Marine Corps
636:
3086:
3084:
2707:
2705:
2455:"Philippines repairs Spratlys runway"
1919:Handle:Seasresearch (23 March 2016).
1752:Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000).
1524:Esmaquel II, Paterno (19 July 2014).
1274:Fr. Lowie Palines, who received from
411:of the naturally occurring island in
7:
2277:War Or Peace in the South China Sea?
1475:"LOOK: New harbor on Pag-asa Island"
944:, communication tower, and military
70:
4629:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
4130:Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases
3882:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
2714:"Napocor powers up Kalayaan Island"
2508:Nepomuceno, Priam (21 April 2021).
1340:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
968:announced the installation of free
190:0.37 km (0.14 sq mi)
3217:Hermoso, Christina (6 July 2024).
3191:Mangosing, Frances (9 June 2021).
3091:Mangosing, Frances (21 May 2021).
2909:Mangosing, Frances (26 May 2021).
2683:Cabrera, Romina (17 August 2020).
1729:. www.spratlys.org. Archived from
1621:Fonbuena, Carmella (18 May 2015).
760:National Museum of the Philippines
25:
3887:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
2796:Glionna, John M. (26 July 2009),
2144:. World Scientific. p. 107.
2138:Tsu-sung, Hsieh (13 March 2018).
1826:. Associated Press. 5 August 1997
1590:Quintos, Mary Fides (June 2017).
1264:Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage
4754:
3659:
3629:
3554:
3504:
3449:
3424:
3163:Bautista, Ronn (21 April 2017).
2942:(Tai Ping) Island (46 hectares).
2814:Abaricia, Aimee (16 July 2005).
2738:Domingo, Ronnel (12 June 2021).
2712:Rivera, Danessa (13 June 2021).
2425:"Presidential Decree 1596 s1978"
2247:Hayton, Bill (28 January 2014).
1095:
1088:
313:
296:
279:
262:
203:
69:
62:
1985:Disputes in the South China Sea
1851:(in Vietnamese). Archived from
1417:Philippine Statistics Authority
1392:Philippine Statistics Authority
1234:makes for good diving. Senator
1054:
885:On 9 June 2020, the Philippine
754:. In 1997 the shipwreck of the
742:In June 1763, the British ship
618:
578:
439:(administrative center) of the
4782:Islands of the Spratly Islands
4614:History of the Spratly Islands
2771:Campbell, Eric (20 May 2014).
2481:Romero, Alexis (30 May 2018).
2427:. 11 June 1978. Archived from
2385:Li, Jiang (26 December 2015).
899:Permanent Court of Arbitration
887:Department of National Defense
706:
685:
681:
669:'Iron Shoal Island');
659:
528:
519:
511:
403:
1:
4670:Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff
4640:Battle of the Paracel Islands
3860:Free Territory of Freedomland
3349:Southwest Cay incident (1975)
2822:. Manila: B–6. Archived from
2804:, Retrieved 6 September 2010.
2177:"20世纪50年代台菲之间关于南沙群岛主权争执的历史考察"
1384:Census of Population (2020).
814:Government of the Philippines
27:Island in the Spratly islands
3814:Northeast Investigator Shoal
2608:Acosta, Rene (24 May 2020).
2453:Laude, Jaime (27 May 2018).
2069:"Sử gia bị đạo sử (PHẦN BA)"
1756:. Kluwer Law International.
1179:Naval Station Emilio Liwanag
891:Department of Transportation
4652:Johnson South Reef skirmish
3360:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
1888:Kuomintang Official Website
1647:Tong Wong (25 March 2009).
373:'Island of Hope');
225:Southwestern Tagalog Region
4808:
4658:Scarborough Shoal standoff
3024:Sandia National Laboratory
2882:Rey, Aika (7 April 2021).
2280:. NIAS Press. p. 13.
909:National Power Corporation
723:Early and colonial history
109:Zhongye Island "(Chinese)"
4749:
4706:Paracel Islands Airports
3243:Ong, Ghio (6 July 2024).
2413:, Global Taiwan Institute
2301:Tønnesson, Stein (2001).
2016:Philippine Daily Inquirer
2012:"The Old Man and the Sea"
1779:China Sea pilot, Volume 1
1135:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1083:
1012:
956:that comes from 1.5-volt
697:
650:
628:'Iron Shoal'; in
603:
563:
500:
394:
345:
310:
293:
276:
259:
199:
111:Đảo Thị Tứ "(Vietnamese)"
107:Thitu Island "(English)"
57:
45:
4717:Spratly Islands Airports
3274:South China Morning Post
1674:Lu, Yiran (吕一燃) (2007).
1451:South China Morning Post
821:Republic of Vietnam Navy
777:Post-World War 2 history
737:Imperial Japanese troops
495:) name of the island is
419:. Its neighbors are the
4624:Spratly Islands dispute
3855:Spratly Islands dispute
2971:"回眸︰1946年國民政府收復南沙太平島始末"
2274:Kivimäki, Timo (2002).
1727:History of the Spratlys
1703:(in Simplified Chinese)
1302:in Pag-asa Island. The
932:Civilian administration
924:populated with rusting
545:
479:also claim the island.
363:
4646:Southwest Cay incident
2816:"The Trip To Kalayaan"
2636:Yumol, David Tristan.
2610:"A 'Historic' Landing"
1268:Philippine Coast Guard
977:Philippine Coast Guard
865:Philippine Coast Guard
807:Republic of China Navy
588:'Iron Shoal'.
537:
382:
341:Additional information
153:11.05222°N 114.28333°E
4388:Cornwallis South Reef
3704:Cornwallis South Reef
2374:. US Naval Institute.
1284:Oscar Jaime Florencio
1204:Special Warfare Group
928:visible above water.
907:On 12 June 2021, the
435:to the south. As the
427:to the west, and the
4634:Battle of Leyte Gulf
4609:Territorial disputes
4593:Tambelan Archipelago
3709:Discovery Great Reef
2669:28 July 2020 at the
2580:Sadongdong, Martin.
2310:East Asian Institute
2221:Handle:Secretariat.
1858:on 5 September 2011.
1172:Philippine Air Force
1059:Philippine Air Force
819:On 22 May 1963, the
94:(Philippine English)
4486:Royal Captain Shoal
4433:Central London Reef
4340:Second Thomas Shoal
4135:Vietnamese DK1 rigs
3819:Royal Captain Shoal
3792:Unoccupied features
3694:Central London Reef
3609:Second Thomas Shoal
3249:The Philippine Star
2977:on 10 November 2013
2820:The Philippine Star
2689:The Philippine Star
2114:10.1093/irap/lcn029
1800:. 15 September 1999
1699:Palatino, Raymond.
964:In April 2021, the
516:traditional Chinese
158:11.05222; 114.28333
148: /
34:
4570:Tudjuh Archipelago
4403:Investigator Shoal
4371:Johnson South Reef
4325:First Thomas Shoal
4304:Third Thomas Shoal
4125:Great Wall of Sand
3968:South Vereker Bank
3961:North Vereker Bank
3866:Great Wall of Sand
3829:Third Thomas Shoal
3799:First Thomas Shoal
3684:Barque Canada Reef
3534:Investigator Shoal
3484:Johnson South Reef
3005:, 16 January 2014.
2958:on 1 November 2009
1655:on 17 January 2016
1276:Antipolo Cathedral
508:simplified Chinese
99:(Filipino/Tagalog)
4787:Kalayaan, Palawan
4769:
4768:
4761:Oceans portal
4525:
4524:
4416:
4415:
4167:North Danger Reef
4102:Scarborough Shoal
4090:Macclesfield Bank
4073:
4072:
3905:
3904:
3787:
3786:
3416:Occupied features
3392:North Danger Reef
3354:East Sea Campaign
3050:on 13 March 2008.
2833:on 3 October 2011
2802:Los Angeles Times
2287:978-87-91114-01-4
2073:Vanchuongviet.org
1824:www.aparchive.com
1320:Kalayaan, Palawan
1210:Development plans
1189:Emilio S. Liwanag
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
856:Post-PCA decision
837:Republic of China
803:North Danger Reef
788:Republic of China
712:Republic of China
667:
626:
586:
554:
459:tower powered by
421:North Danger Reef
372:
349:
348:
16:(Redirected from
4799:
4792:Disputed islands
4759:
4758:
4691:Coconut Princess
4530:Southeastern SCS
4460:Fiery Cross Reef
4448:West London Reef
4443:East London Reef
4261:West York Island
4157:
4146:
4085:Zhongsha Islands
4078:Northeastern SCS
3988:Amphitrite Group
3984:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3909:
3848:Related articles
3779:West London Reef
3714:East London Reef
3664:
3663:
3634:
3633:
3619:West York Island
3559:
3558:
3509:
3508:
3469:Fiery Cross Reef
3454:
3453:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3377:Dangerous Ground
3328:
3321:
3314:
3305:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3126:. 27 August 2016
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3046:. Archived from
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:on 29 March 2008
3026:. Archived from
3015:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2954:. Archived from
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2811:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2186:. Archived from
2181:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2010:(25 June 2015).
2004:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1916:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1733:on 21 March 2014
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1441:Fiery Cross Reef
1437:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1306:of land for the
1125:
1124:
1118:
1103:Rancudo Airfield
1099:
1098:
1092:
1067:Pag-asa Island,
1035:
1034:
1024:
1007:Rancudo Airfield
1003:
999:Rancudo Airfield
767:French Indochina
733:French Indochina
708:
699:
687:
683:
679:
668:
665:
661:
652:
640:
638:[tʰiʔtu]
635:
627:
624:
620:
611:
587:
584:
580:
571:
555:'Hope';
549:
530:
521:
513:
502:
447:province in the
443:municipality of
405:
396:
367:
354:, also known as
319:
317:
316:
302:
300:
299:
285:
283:
282:
268:
266:
265:
209:
207:
206:
172:
171:
169:
168:
167:
165:
160:
159:
154:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
97:Pulo ng Pag-asa
73:
72:
66:
50:
35:
21:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4753:
4745:
4675:
4597:
4583:Anambas Islands
4564:
4541:
4537:Palawan Passage
4521:
4495:
4491:Half Moon Shoal
4474:
4412:
4376:Sin Cowe Island
4344:
4308:
4299:Reed Tablemount
4277:
4151:
4144:
4112:Spratly Islands
4106:
4069:
4048:
4020:
3979:Paracel Islands
3973:
3941:
3939:South China Sea
3936:
3906:
3901:
3843:
3804:Half Moon Shoal
3783:
3754:Sin Cowe Island
3658:
3653:
3628:
3623:
3553:
3548:
3503:
3498:
3448:
3443:
3423:
3411:
3397:Reed Tablemount
3365:
3337:
3335:Spratly Islands
3332:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3223:Manila Bulletin
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3069:. 21 April 2021
3061:
3060:
3056:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3017:
3016:
3009:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2947:Spratly Islands
2944:
2943:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2826:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2671:Wayback Machine
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2643:CNN Philippines
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2615:Business Mirror
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2587:Manila Bulletin
2579:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2460:PhilStar Global
2452:
2451:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2397:on 29 May 2019.
2384:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2360:. Taipei Times.
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2099:
2098:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2008:Doyo, Ma. Ceres
2006:
2005:
1996:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1316:
1296:
1260:
1216:Philippine Navy
1212:
1206:or Navy Seals.
1200:Philippine Navy
1195:Lanao del Norte
1185:Philippine Navy
1181:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1016:
1008:
1001:
985:
950:power generator
934:
918:
858:
833:
799:South China Sea
784:
779:
771:Bà Rịa Province
725:
720:
673:
633:
630:Hokkien Min Nan
485:
417:Puerto Princesa
413:Spratly Islands
364:Pulo ng Pag-asa
323:
314:
312:
306:
297:
295:
289:
280:
278:
272:
263:
261:
214:
204:
202:
181:Spratly Islands
163:
161:
157:
155:
151:
150:
147:
142:
139:
137:
135:
134:
125:South China Sea
110:
108:
106:
101:
96:
92:Pag-asa Island
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
79:
78:
74:
53:
41:
39:Disputed island
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Nine-dash line
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4578:Natuna Islands
4574:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4560:Luconia Shoals
4557:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4470:Spratly Island
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4438:Cuarteron Reef
4435:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4408:Mariveles Reef
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:Commodore Reef
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Nanshan Island
4291:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4246:Zhongzhou Reef
4243:
4241:Taiping Island
4238:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4163:
4161:
4154:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4053:Other features
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4026:Crescent Group
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3897:Nine-dash line
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Luconia Shoals
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3769:Spratly Island
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Lansdowne Reef
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3649:Zhongzhou Reef
3646:
3644:Taiping Island
3640:
3638:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3599:Nanshan Island
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:Commodore Reef
3565:
3563:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3539:Mariveles Reef
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Cuarteron Reef
3460:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3342:Confrontations
3339:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3293:External links
3291:
3288:
3287:
3276:. 18 July 2024
3261:
3235:
3209:
3183:
3155:
3152:. Rappler.com.
3137:
3109:
3080:
3054:
3007:
2995:Thayer, Carl,
2988:
2927:
2901:
2874:
2863:on 2 June 2021
2844:
2806:
2789:
2773:"Reef Madness"
2756:
2730:
2701:
2675:
2656:
2628:
2600:
2572:
2555:
2527:
2514:www.pna.gov.ph
2500:
2487:www.pna.gov.ph
2473:
2442:
2431:on 2 June 2021
2416:
2400:
2377:
2363:
2349:
2338:on 2 June 2021
2323:
2293:
2286:
2266:
2259:
2239:
2204:
2193:on 3 June 2020
2164:
2150:
2127:
2108:(2): 273–274.
2085:
2059:
2045:Handle:我要改昵称.
2028:
1994:
1971:
1937:
1900:
1872:
1861:
1837:
1811:
1785:
1769:
1762:
1744:
1714:
1691:
1685:978-7220073311
1684:
1666:
1639:
1613:
1582:
1542:
1516:
1491:
1463:
1429:
1404:
1376:
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1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1061:
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1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
984:
981:
933:
930:
917:
914:
857:
854:
841:Taiping Island
832:
829:
783:
780:
778:
775:
724:
721:
719:
716:
484:
481:
423:to the north,
409:second largest
356:Pag-asa Island
347:
346:
343:
342:
338:
337:
334:
330:
329:
325:
324:
311:
308:
307:
294:
291:
290:
277:
274:
273:
260:
257:
256:
252:
251:
246:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
200:
197:
196:
195:Administration
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
164:Pag-asa Island
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:(Pangasinense)
90:
86:
85:
76:
75:
68:
67:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
52:Pag-asa Island
51:
43:
42:
26:
24:
18:Pag-asa Island
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4804:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Badas Islands
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4455:Bombay Castle
4453:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Ardasier Reef
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:Mischief Reef
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4231:Namyit Island
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4214:Loaita Island
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:Southwest Cay
4175:
4173:
4172:Northeast Cay
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4065:Triton Island
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4044:Yagong Island
4042:
4040:
4039:Robert Island
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:Pratas Island
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3947:Pratas Island
3944:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Southwest Cay
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Namyit Island
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:Grierson Reef
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Bombay Castle
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Northeast Cay
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:Loaita Island
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Ardasier Reef
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Mischief Reef
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3110:
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3087:
3085:
3081:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
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3025:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3003:
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2972:
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2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
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2878:
2875:
2862:
2858:
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2807:
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2757:
2745:
2741:
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2260:9780300189544
2256:
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1991:. p. 48.
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4546:Southern SCS
4517:Swallow Reef
4428:London Reefs
4361:Collins Reef
4335:Sabina Shoal
4271:Western Reef
4187:Thitu Island
4186:
4183:Thitu Reefs
4095:Walker Shoal
4034:Money Island
4011:Woody Island
3996:Rocky Island
3966:
3959:
3839:Whitsun Reef
3834:Western Reef
3824:Sabina Shoal
3774:Tennent Reef
3739:Pearson Reef
3699:Collins Reef
3614:Thitu Island
3613:
3544:Swallow Reef
3387:London Reefs
3278:. Retrieved
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3197:INQUIRER.net
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1504:Palawan News
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1048:Airport type
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473:Taiwan (ROC)
465:
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402:
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352:Thitu Island
351:
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328:Demographics
244:Municipality
201:
103:
98:
93:
77:Thitu Island
33:Thitu Island
29:
4554:James Shoal
4512:Louisa Reef
4507:Amboyna Cay
4393:Dallas Reef
4366:Hughes Reef
4356:Union Banks
4289:Flat Island
4256:Irving Reef
4226:Gaven Reefs
4221:Tizard Bank
4204:Lankiam Cay
4199:Loaita Bank
4060:Bombay Reef
4001:Tree Island
3744:Petley Reef
3679:Amboyna Cay
3674:Alison Reef
3584:Lankiam Cay
3579:Irving Reef
3574:Flat Island
3561:Philippines
3524:Dallas Reef
3479:Hughes Reef
3474:Gaven Reefs
3439:Louisa Reef
3407:Union Banks
3402:Tizard Bank
3382:Loaita Bank
3034:16 February
2837:16 February
2342:3 September
1369:28 December
1304:procurement
1230:. Its wide
954:solar power
922:coral reefs
756:Earl Temple
744:Earl Temple
707:Zhōngyè Hào
674: [
671:Tiezhi Reef
632:pronounced
529:Zhōngyè Dǎo
469:China (PRC)
449:Philippines
404:Zhōngyè Dǎo
387:Zhongye Dao
270:Philippines
211:Philippines
177:Archipelago
156: /
143:114°17′00″E
131:Coordinates
89:Other names
4776:Categories
4727:Spratly Is
4398:Erica Reef
4209:Loaita Cay
3759:South Reef
3589:Loaita Cay
3529:Erica Reef
3067:ptvnews.ph
2391:www.qq.com
2184:Sinoss.net
1763:9041113819
1723:"Timeline"
1422:2 December
1346:References
1232:coral base
926:shipwrecks
916:Topography
880:BRP Ivatan
660:Tiězhì Dǎo
614:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
574:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
542:Pangasinan
538:Đảo Thị Tứ
534:Vietnamese
383:Đảo Thị Tứ
379:Vietnamese
375:Đảo Thị Tứ
333:Population
255:Claimed by
162: (
140:11°03′08″N
4702:Pratas Is
4698:Airports
4680:Transport
4465:Ladd Reef
4192:Subi Reef
4150:Dangerous
4016:Qilian Yu
4006:West Sand
3724:Ladd Reef
3494:Subi Reef
3176:29 August
2938:occupied
2936:Taiwanese
2890:. Rappler
2694:19 August
1571:cite news
1290:thereat.
1228:sea birds
1129:Direction
690:Chung-yeh
645:reading (
483:Etymology
437:poblacion
425:Subi Reef
116:Geography
4737:Thitu Is
4710:Woody Is
4236:Sand Cay
3749:Sand Cay
3511:Malaysia
3130:19 March
2981:30 March
2962:30 March
2777:ABC News
2667:Archived
2122:26159412
1737:21 March
1535:21 March
1314:See also
1272:chaplain
1220:causeway
1159:concrete
1136:Surface
1069:Kalayaan
1064:Location
1056:Operator
1051:Military
983:Military
946:barracks
938:Kalayaan
801:(called
643:Mandarin
505:Mandarin
489:Filipino
441:Kalayaan
360:Filipino
249:Kalayaan
232:Province
121:Location
4722:Itu Aba
4602:History
3666:Vietnam
3370:Regions
3280:21 July
3202:15 June
3170:Reuters
3150:Rappler
3123:Rappler
3102:15 June
2940:Itu Aba
2888:Rappler
2749:14 June
2723:14 June
2649:10 June
2621:10 June
2593:10 June
2548:31 July
2466:31 July
2435:5 April
1707:26 June
1659:18 July
1627:Rappler
1530:Rappler
1509:13 June
1479:Rappler
1300:airport
1286:of the
1280:replica
1133:Length
1117:Runways
1073:Palawan
1043:Summary
992:bunkers
752:England
718:History
694:Chinese
651:鐵峙島/铁峙岛
647:Chinese
619:Thih-tu
600:Chinese
596:Thih-tu
592:Hokkien
579:Thih-tu
560:Chinese
557:Hokkien
553:
497:Pag-asa
493:Tagalog
477:Vietnam
445:Palawan
395:中业岛/中業島
391:Chinese
371:
321:Vietnam
237:Palawan
4686:Ships
4672:(2014)
4666:(2012)
4660:(2012)
4654:(1988)
4648:(1975)
4642:(1974)
4636:(1944)
4152:Ground
3636:Taiwan
3431:Brunei
3362:(1988)
3356:(1975)
3254:7 July
3228:7 July
3073:28 May
2920:30 May
2894:28 May
2867:28 May
2782:23 May
2520:30 May
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1964:3 June
1930:3 June
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1830:28 May
1804:28 May
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1682:
1632:28 May
1606:28 May
1561:28 May
1556:Mogato
1484:30 May
1397:8 July
1308:runway
1258:Chapel
1155:4,265
1152:1,300
1149:08/26
942:marina
748:Manila
729:Champa
704::
702:pinyin
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304:Taiwan
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220:Region
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102:Ilalo
4500:South
3456:China
2516:. PNA
2489:. PNA
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2180:(PDF)
2175:伍俐斌.
2118:JSTOR
1989:(PDF)
1959:(PDF)
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1363:(PDF)
1270:head
970:Wi-Fi
678:]
546:Ilalo
461:Smart
287:China
4479:East
4421:West
4267:WNW
4252:NNW
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3256:2024
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3204:2021
3178:2017
3132:2016
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3075:2021
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2983:2012
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2857:DICT
2839:2008
2829:JPEG
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2751:2021
2725:2021
2696:2020
2651:2020
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1486:2020
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