458:. A total of 10,973 MW of power was added by the government during its tenure, mostly via private sector investments. In terms of public sector projects conducted by provincial governments in view of the 2010 amendment, KPK government led with the addition of 1,670 MW to the national grid. It was followed by Sindh and Punjab governments which contributed 935 MW and 580 MW respectively. Balochistan government didn't inaugurate any public sector power project during its tenure.
41:
3153:
3199:
722:
736:
30:
278:, while contributing to the growth of domestic demand for electricity through large-scale provision of bank loans for the purchase of air-conditioners and home appliances (share of domestic energy consumption had jumped to 46% of the total by 2008), did not add any new capacity to the energy system. In 2012 Pakistan's first wind power installation came online at the
507:
estimates that there is a shortage of 6 gigawatts or about 60% of its total generation. One of the main reasons of the shortage is thought to be the failure of past governments to anticipate growth in need and the delay in implementation of projects to increase power production. In addition there is
450:
The 2010 amendment to
Pakistan's Constitution (para. 3), empowered each province to formulate the policy framework for the development of public and private sector power generation. This has led to the formation of dedicated provincial departments and empowered public sector companies specialized in
246:
and issues 70 Memorandum of
Understandings (MOUs) and Letters of Intent (LOIs) to Independent Power Producers (IPPs). This 1994 energy policy brought a decisive shift in Pakistan's diverse energy sources. In 1994, out of the total installed capacity of 11000 MW, ~60% of energy was produced from
461:
However, despite the massive addition of power to the national grid, glaring issues existed in the power sector. There was no viable overhaul done to the electricity transport infrastructure which lead to episodes of plant tripping and extended blackouts during the summer months. Furthermore, there
502:
Experts have warned of an impending energy crisis since 2006. Speaking at a
Seminar 'Fueling the Future: Meeting Pakistan's Energy Needs in the 21st Century' held in Washington, D.C. in June 2006 then energy adviser to the prime minister of Pakistan Mukhtar Ahmed stated that the country was taking
103:
on imported oil for power generation to 50% by 2030. After much public criticism, the long-term energy security policy was announced in 2013 through the introduction of equal cutting-edge energy transmission network, minimising financial losses across the energy system and aligning the ministries
498:
can last 6–8 hours a day in the cities and many more in the rural areas. According to Mahnaz Parach of
Network for Consumer Protection "Children can't do their homework. Housework doesn't get done, as washing machines and other appliances cannot work. When you go home from work, you have no idea
611:
Chamber of
Commerce warned the situation would get worse if authorities used force to implement the decision. There was confusion over implementation of the two-day weekend, and many banks and educational institutions remained open. Commenting on the defiant mood of the traders, an editorial in
639:
The prevailing energy crisis in
Pakistan is taking away 2 percent (or Rs 380 billion) of the economy, despite the government has spent Rs 1.1 trillion as subsidies on the sector in the last four-year which accounts for 2.5 percent of the total volume of economy.
694:
is pending for a long time to receive PNG from Iran for the needs of both
Pakistan and India. However, due to the sharp deterioration in India-Pakistan relations, the pipeline is currently changed to be used only by Iran and Pakistan. Pakistan is also planning the
119:
regulates the energy sources network as well as determining the financial prices of the usage of energy. Government-specific energy-efficiency incentive programs also play a significant role in the overall energy policy of
Pakistan. As of 2013 Prime Minister
255:, this mix was reversed from 60:40 to 30:70 in favour of thermal capacity based on imported fuel. Every year, this ratio went down further to 20:80 in winter months as hydropower generation was reduced due to lower water flows in the rivers.
1586:
416:, the programme failed to resolve electricity shortage, which private energy companies failed to maintain and upgrade despite being part of their contract. After much criticism and public demonstration in 2012, the
696:
3360:
3187:
1797:
2319:
322:
577:
Since the early 1990s, the country has observed the highest growth rate in usage of computers that effect the supply of the electricity produced in the system. In a survey published by the
1984:
1825:
2068:
99:. There is also an intense criticism about the unequal distribution of energy, the irresponsible usage of energy sources, and the country's new plan which is aimed to raise country's
3130:
2293:
1596:
1711:
3011:
478:, Pakistan has strengthened energy cooperation with Russia and Central Asian countries and imported electricity from Iran. In early 2024, Pakistan officially approved the
1196:
3180:
1765:
515:, while describing the power situation in Pakistan as "unacceptable," has stated that the US would go to its "absolute limits" to help Pakistan overcome the crisis.
3217:
2469:
2386:
1855:
1956:
3227:
2886:
2621:
258:
Controversially, the energy policy depended less on renewable energy sources and dependence on imported oil increased that created a permanent fault in country's
2208:
2154:
2346:
262:
system. By 1995, only 27 IPPs were able to generate ~6,335 MW of electricity. By 1998, the ratio was stabilised by the policies enforced by Prime
Minister
185:
2561:
404:
were banned and the official weekend was extended from one to two days in an attempt to conserve electricity. Under this policy, several attempts were made by
3330:
2544:
175:
116:
3173:
3165:
1564:
531:
and decorative lights have been banned. Power has been cut to government offices by 50% and air conditioners will only be allowed to be switched on after
3432:
1223:
647:
had said that the government realised the enormity of the challenge of energy shortage and was determined to overcome it in the shortest possible time.
2040:
2240:
873:
707:
2626:
1316:
749:
307:
the energy sector by international mega energy corporations. Controversially, this program was aimed to raise dependence on imported oil from the
207:, with the financial funds provided by various countries and international monetary sources. In the 1960s, much of the energy was produced by the
143:
1833:
451:
renewables to foster and execute power projects through public, private and public–private partnership modes using indigenous power resources.
251:
power sources while nearly ~40% was produced from the thermal and nuclear sources. According to the economic statistics provided by economist,
112:
170:
842:
2609:
2186:
490:
Due to rising demand and a failing power infrastructure severe electricity shortages have occurred in
Pakistan. This has led to widespread
267:
148:
108:
1022:
462:
was still a wide demand and supply gap during high temperature months which led to periodic, planned load-shedding. Finally, the issue of
3345:
3115:
3074:
2847:
2517:
2457:
1367:
279:
56:, which address the issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption of energy, such as gas mileage and petroleum standards.
3313:
3294:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3203:
3125:
2896:
2859:
2527:
2411:
2263:
1271:
1249:
2122:
91:, 2007), but no comprehensive long-term energy strategies were implemented. Since 1999, many legislative provisions were adopted for
3417:
2948:
2923:
2522:
2339:
2290:
3006:
2881:
475:
779:
3370:
3135:
2943:
2837:
996:
621:
Reacting to the decision to curtail power supply to Karachi, the "City of Lights", leaders of various political parties in the
504:
435:
was appointed Federal Minister, Water and Power of the Pakistan Government in May, 2013. Within two months, he was replaced by
366:
1200:
691:
479:
349:, and to close the market places by 9 pm; such policy enforcement was harshly resisted by the left-wing parties, such as
3422:
3318:
3254:
3140:
2869:
2788:
2423:
754:
160:
1775:
337:
12.5 billion for power production-related projects which remained unused. In his last policy statement, Prime Minister
1934:
1739:
454:
This tenure's energy policy was aimed at aggressively building power generation capacity through early-harvest projects in
3427:
3380:
3222:
3026:
2832:
2820:
2616:
2599:
2554:
2512:
2464:
2363:
1110:
440:
138:
1619:
633:
warned that curtailing the power supply of the city could lead to street battles between protesters and law enforcement.
3375:
3350:
3335:
3289:
3244:
3234:
3156:
2906:
2901:
2842:
2702:
2653:
2584:
2579:
2507:
2487:
2479:
2428:
2332:
703:
622:
96:
2137:
3412:
3031:
2916:
2690:
2675:
2497:
2492:
2215:
2161:
1647:
421:
303:
program which was aimed to the development of the power infrastructure from all energy sources. This policy relied on
220:
1679:
1227:
424:
the energy sector and issued clear directives to regulate the energy corporations to produce the power generations.
3323:
2418:
809:
1341:
3284:
3120:
2740:
2670:
2532:
2502:
511:
The United States has made improving Pakistan's power infrastructure one of its top priorities. US special envoy
409:
304:
1084:
547:
will be decreased by 300 megawatts to allow fairer distribution of power to the remaining parts of the country.
3239:
2985:
2980:
2963:
2958:
354:
79:
were banned and the official weekend was extended from one to two days in an attempt to conserve electricity (
625:
condemned the decision and some of them called it "a conspiracy to create a law and order situation." Former
124:
has announced a determined and aggressive energy policy to meet the energy challenges and energy management.
3299:
3001:
2854:
2757:
2685:
2658:
2549:
636:
Some analysts have predicted that reduction in the banks' workweek to 5 days will result in revenue losses.
75:
Several mandates and proposals have been called over the years to overlook the energy conservation, such as
971:
907:
543:
debt to power producers allowing them to pay fuel suppliers. Power supply to Pakistan's commercial capital
3304:
2953:
2810:
2798:
2663:
2406:
2100:
2017:
1888:
1829:
1462:
584:
417:
350:
235:
133:
1306:
Asian Development Bank, Access to Clean Energy Investment Program: Summary Sector Assessment: Energy, p.2
587:), uses the internet on daily basis; the internet penetration in the country has reached 16% as of 2013.
535:. Street markets have been asked to close early. Commercial centres except drug stores will be closed at
3384:
3365:
3249:
3079:
3046:
3036:
2876:
2773:
2747:
2695:
2594:
2571:
881:
568:
224:
212:
204:
223:
nuclear power station in Karachi. In the 1980s, the dependence on nuclear sources further grew and the
1911:
1515:
1058:
3021:
2975:
2891:
2864:
2827:
2815:
2712:
2636:
2452:
850:
432:
84:
69:
932:
466:
was still attached to the power sector and reached a record high of Rs. 922 billion in March, 2018.
2970:
2911:
2735:
2707:
2355:
2307:
1418:
710:. The 100,000 bpd of Russian oil imported accounts for two-thirds of Pakistan's daily consumption.
413:
405:
385:
378:
259:
239:
92:
80:
65:
3355:
3057:
2783:
2717:
2311:
2301:
1032:
17:
3389:
3340:
3041:
2803:
2793:
2778:
2680:
2604:
1545:
1168:
679:
512:
100:
447:
served as the first energy minister of the country until the end of the government's tenure.
52:
is formulated and determined by the federal, provincial, and local institutional entities in
3053:
3016:
2073:
2045:
1989:
1961:
1860:
1802:
1716:
1684:
1652:
1535:
1527:
675:
offered to finance for conducting the feasibility study to import 1200 MW power from India.
644:
630:
626:
614:
491:
271:
248:
208:
192:
61:
439:
who served in the role until the ministry was abolished in September, 2017. In its place a
3089:
2589:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2297:
2141:
1883:
1516:"Strategic analysis on the construction of new energy corridor China–Pakistan–Iran–Turkey"
1392:
727:
579:
572:
300:
690:
and re-gasified LNG (RLNG) would be pumped through its pipelines up to the border point.
539:
and wedding celebrations will be limited to three hours. The government will pay off its
2095:
369:
held in 2008, the mismanagement and weak policies led to an intense repetitive cycle of
334:
308:
231:
40:
1743:
1118:
29:
3406:
3099:
2537:
2381:
1591:
759:
741:
444:
436:
397:
342:
216:
104:
involved in the energy sector as well as improving the governance of energy sources.
57:
1145:
2376:
2371:
2012:
1624:
1289:
495:
374:
370:
338:
330:
326:
319:
315:
296:
275:
263:
121:
88:
252:
203:
In the 1960s, a large civilian energy input and infrastructure was built by the
1531:
717:
672:
668:
608:
76:
33:
1549:
1342:"PTI claims govt only added 1,670 MW to the power grid - The Express Tribune"
1191:
1189:
3084:
2134:
1027:
735:
548:
528:
401:
389:
346:
1657:
1565:"Pakistan approves work on long-awaited Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project"
1689:
508:
widespread power theft and lack of investment in the existing power grid.
499:
whether there will be electricity at home. Your whole life is disturbed."
3198:
1620:"Pakistan to impose wedding curfew as power shortages cause civil unrest"
524:
393:
243:
53:
1540:
1393:"[Initiatives] Energy Department, Govt. of the Punjab, Pakistan"
819:
603:
in defiance of the ban. Shops were kept open in other cities also after
215:
power stations. In the 1970s, Pakistan's energy consumption expanded to
663:
town. Pakistan is also actively considering to import electricity from
544:
2324:
3094:
1770:
814:
660:
596:
396:
and possible steps to relieve it. With immediate effect, the gaseous
392:
with energy experts that discussed the causes of the power crisis in
227:
continued engineering and building the nuclear power infrastructure.
1489:
1436:
599:
rejected the government's decision and kept the markets open after
2752:
1514:
Guo, Fei-fei; Huang, Cheng-feng; Wu, Xiao-ling (1 November 2019).
683:
664:
373:
in the country. Responding to a massive demonstration against the
39:
28:
1272:"PML-N's Abid Sher Ali appointed as new state minister for power"
655:
Pakistan is already importing small quantity of electricity from
656:
455:
377:
and the growing power shortages in the country, Prime Minister,
3169:
2328:
1985:"Traders reject Malik's warning, refuse to close shops at 8 pm"
1826:"Pakistan War on Power Deficit to Shut Offices, Ban Neon Signs"
1466:
1226:. Nationalization and Privatization in Pakistan. Archived from
1052:
1050:
527:. The official weekend has been extended from one to two days.
2209:"India, Pakistan may shake hands on electricity, hydrocarbons"
1199:. Prime Minister's Inspection Commission. 2013. Archived from
687:
494:
that have paralysed industry and led to protests and rioting.
329:
to invest in country's energy sector. In 2007, Prime Minister
2241:"India-Pakistan-Iran pipeline remains the most viable option"
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
2069:"Karachi lights being turned off to overcome energy crisis"
1368:"Sindh contributes 935 MW wind energy in national grid: CM"
1317:"PML-N govt added 10,973 MW electricity to system, NA told"
1023:"We will oppose domination of Indian Ocean: Shaukat Aziz"
706:
in June 2023 to prevent energy price hikes caused by the
60:
requires the proper legislation, international treaties,
1935:"30m internet users in Pakistan, half on mobile: Report"
1146:"Pakistan's PM announces energy policy to tackle crisis"
1740:"Crisis talks as power shortages hit Pakistan industry"
311:
for power generation to be increased by 50.1% by 2013.
1250:"A caretaker minister makes his way into real cabinet"
997:"50 MW wind power project connected to national grid"
1490:"Energy sector circular debt touches record Rs922bn"
1437:"Parts of Punjab, KP hit by massive power breakdown"
1085:"Saudi investment invited in energy, mining sectors"
238:(PPP) launched the country's first ever and largest
219:
sources with the establishment and commissioning of
3108:
3067:
2994:
2936:
2766:
2726:
2644:
2635:
2570:
2478:
2395:
2362:
2155:"Pakistan all set to import electricity from India"
2123:
Economic cost of energy crisis estimated at Rs380bn
1169:"Pakistanis Living on Brink, and Often in the Dark"
686:border from India. India would import the required
595:In the days following the announcement, traders in
412:the energy sector. Devised by the Finance Minister
388:had held a three-day national energy conference in
384:The policy was announced after the Prime Minister,
83:, 2010) and reducing the electricity load used by
901:
899:
559:. The measures will be reviewed on 30 July 2010.
523:Measures are aimed at cutting consumption by 500
107:Studies and policy implementation recommended by
3218:National Aerospace Science & Technology Park
2470:Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan
1587:"Pakistan turns off lights to end energy crisis"
697:Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India pipeline
381:announced the "energy policy" on 22 April 2010.
2187:"Adani mulls exporting electricity to Pakistan"
1290:"Awais Leghari made Minister of Power Division"
1224:"Nationalization and Privatization in Pakistan"
186:Electricity and energy corporations in Pakistan
2135:Disengagement not an option: President Zardari
1914:. Pakistan Telecommunications. 3 December 2008
908:"Ambitious' national energy policy formulated"
3181:
2340:
2013:"Two holidays: confusion over implementation"
1798:"US to help Pakistan tide over energy crisis"
1111:"Traders agree to close markets at 9 pm"
470:Strengthen regional cooperation: 2019–present
64:and incentives to investment, guidelines for
8:
2545:Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund
1766:"Pakistan announces measures to save energy"
474:At the same time as the construction of the
318:held conversation with the officials of the
176:National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
583:, around ~30 million citizens (out of
3188:
3174:
3166:
2641:
2347:
2333:
2325:
2264:"Russian Oil Shipment Arrives in Pakistan"
95:including the seeking energy from various
2096:"Two-day weekend to hurt banks' earnings"
1539:
843:"Shaukat and Jatoi take up energy policy"
2562:Pakistani economic crisis (2022–present)
2308:Video: Power cuts anger Pakistan traders
1957:"Traders defy order of markets' closure"
1884:"Energy conservation strategy announced"
1742:. Reuters. 22 April 2010. Archived from
1712:"Electricity shortfall reaches 6,000 MW"
1680:"Pakistan needs to tackle energy crisis"
167:Energy and power regulatory authorities
144:Private Power & Infrastructure Board
1140:
1138:
1136:
1057:Syed Mohibullah Shah (8 October 2011).
872:Syed Mohibullah Shah (8 October 2011).
804:
802:
800:
770:
750:Effects of global warming on South Asia
618:urged everybody to find middle ground.
44:Development of carbon dioxide emissions
702:Pakistan started importing discounted
503:steps to address the energy shortage.
2320:Energy crisis in Pakistan in Pictures
1912:"Computers and its Usage in Pakistan"
1856:"Gilani vows to reduce load-shedding"
1417:Baloch, Sanaullah (29 January 2018).
810:"Steps taken to tackle energy crisis"
780:"CCI approves National Energy Policy"
678:Pakistan is also exploring to import
171:Water and Power Development Authority
7:
3361:Scientific and technological history
1167:Tavernise, Sabrina (26 April 2010).
551:will not be allowed to operate from
149:Alternative Energy Development Board
72:and other public policy techniques.
607:. Kashif Shabbir, president of the
519:Power sources and electrical energy
128:Energy authorities and institutions
3331:List of inventions and discoveries
3204:Science and technology in Pakistan
2412:Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
2262:Kugelman, Michael (14 June 2023).
1117:. Labour Unity Org. Archived from
25:
3433:Government of Yousaf Raza Gillani
2523:Medium Term Development Framework
1197:"Effects of Power Sector Reforms"
1021:Muralidhar Reddy (8 March 2005).
3197:
3152:
3151:
734:
720:
476:China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
1832:. 22 April 2010. Archived from
1774:. 22 April 2010. Archived from
1595:. 22 April 2010. Archived from
1488:Kiani, Khaleeq (2 March 2018).
906:Bhatti, Sohail (22 July 2013).
818:. 22 April 2010. Archived from
505:Pakistan Electric Power Company
341:further called for banning the
242:program to produce 13,000
18:Pakistan national energy policy
2924:Mobile phone network operators
2291:Video: Pakistan's Power Crisis
1688:. 24 June 2006. Archived from
1656:. 29 July 2006. Archived from
970:Aziz, Sartaj (23 April 2013).
755:Electricity sector in Pakistan
161:Electricity sector in Pakistan
1:
2465:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
1618:Shah, Saeed (21 April 2010).
1465:. 4 June 2018. Archived from
2429:Finance Minister of Pakistan
1648:"Major energy crisis feared"
1063:The News International, 2011
878:The News International, 2008
643:During June 2012, President
623:Provincial Assembly of Sindh
486:Conservation and consumption
1419:"No energy for Balochistan"
3449:
3116:Central business districts
3075:Central business districts
3068:Central business districts
1532:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.06.007
1089:The Dawn News, areastudies
1059:"Energised, yet powerless"
976:Pakistan Today, April 2013
692:Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline
651:International co-operation
566:
480:Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline
115:(as policy enforcer), the
87:by 25% during peak hours (
3210:
3149:
2533:National debt of Pakistan
874:"Energized yet powerless"
280:FFCEL Wind Energy Project
157:Industrial energy sector
50:energy policy of Pakistan
3418:Energy policy by country
2458:Federal Board of Revenue
1933:websedk (24 June 2013).
1397:www.energy.punjab.gov.pk
563:Consumption by computers
314:In 2006, Prime Minister
299:announced the long-term
295:In 2005, Prime Minister
230:In 1994, Prime Minister
97:renewable energy sources
3136:Pakistanis by net worth
2887:Cottage and small scale
2779:Entertainment and Media
2758:Pakistan Stock Exchange
2550:Foreign aid to Pakistan
2518:Economic Liberalization
2387:State-owned enterprises
2144:, Geo News, 1 June 2012
2125:, The News, 1 June 2012
1083:APP (7 November 2006).
937:www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk
778:Staff (1 August 2013).
357:and the labour unions.
3314:Information technology
2897:Information technology
2860:Science and technology
2811:Healthcare in Pakistan
2528:Periods of stagflation
2407:State Bank of Pakistan
2160:. 2014. Archived from
2101:The News International
2018:The News International
1889:The News International
1830:Bloomberg Businessweek
1463:"Daily Power Position"
1423:The News International
682:via pipe line through
428:Energy Policy: 2013–18
420:government decided to
361:Energy Policy: 2010–13
351:Pakistan Peoples Party
291:Energy policy: 2008–10
236:Pakistan Peoples Party
134:Government of Pakistan
45:
37:
3423:Energy policy in Asia
3264:Non-renewable energy
3223:Aeronautical industry
3126:International ranking
3080:I. I. Chundrigar Road
2513:Islamic economization
972:"Who is responsible?"
841:Staff (12 May 2007).
591:Variations by regions
569:Computing in Pakistan
323:Ministry of Petroleum
43:
32:
3428:Policies of Pakistan
2882:Books and publishing
2296:22 July 2011 at the
1148:. BBC. 22 April 2010
433:Musadik Masood Malik
182:Energy corporations
3371:Automotive industry
3319:Telecommunications
2356:Economy of Pakistan
2140:2 June 2012 at the
2041:"Traders' defiance"
1563:Islamuddin, Sajid.
1346:The Express Tribune
1276:The Express Tribune
1222:Amin, Mohd. Ramiz.
659:to supply power to
414:Abdul Hafeez Shaikh
274:and Prime Minister
268:military government
260:energy conservation
240:energy conservation
93:energy conservation
66:energy conservation
3413:Energy in Pakistan
3336:List of scientists
3141:Standard of living
3027:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2995:Domestic economies
2870:Telecommunications
2312:Al Jazeera English
2302:The New York Times
1746:on 1 February 2013
1173:The New York Times
1121:on 20 October 2013
441:Ministry of Energy
209:hydroelectric dams
139:Ministry of Energy
46:
38:
3400:
3399:
3290:Renewable energy
3245:Defence industry
3235:Antarctic program
3163:
3162:
2937:People and labour
2932:
2931:
2600:National highways
1937:. Express Tribune
1296:. 6 October 2017.
1294:Business Recorder
847:AAJ News Archives
513:Richard Holbrooke
492:rolling blackouts
406:Gilani government
367:general elections
270:led by President
205:Pakistan military
16:(Redirected from
3440:
3351:Military history
3202:
3201:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3167:
3155:
3154:
3131:Provinces by GDP
3017:Gilgit-Baltistan
2654:Renewable energy
2642:
2610:Railway stations
2488:Numbering system
2424:Finance ministry
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2214:. Archived from
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1836:on 25 April 2010
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1794:
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1785:
1783:
1762:
1756:
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1730:
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1635:
1633:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:. Anadolu Ajansı
1560:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
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1389:
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1338:
1332:
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1327:
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1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1252:. Thenews.com.pk
1246:
1240:
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1235:
1219:
1213:
1212:
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1193:
1184:
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1179:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1115:Labour Unity Org
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1031:. Archived from
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
967:
948:
947:
945:
943:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
903:
894:
893:
891:
889:
880:. Archived from
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
849:. Archived from
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
822:on 28 April 2010
806:
795:
794:
792:
790:
775:
744:
739:
738:
730:
725:
724:
723:
645:Asif Ali Zardari
631:Naimatullah Khan
627:Nazim of Karachi
606:
602:
585:180 million
558:
554:
542:
538:
534:
272:Pervez Musharraf
193:Karachi Electric
85:industrial units
21:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3228:Space programme
3206:
3196:
3194:
3164:
3159:
3145:
3104:
3090:Gulberg, Lahore
3063:
2990:
2928:
2917:Medical tourism
2848:Pharmaceuticals
2762:
2728:
2722:
2691:Rice production
2676:Fuel extraction
2646:
2631:
2566:
2498:Nationalization
2493:Five-Year Plans
2474:
2436:Pakistani rupee
2399:
2397:
2391:
2358:
2353:
2314:, 22 April 2010
2304:, 26 April 2010
2298:Wayback Machine
2287:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2221:on 30 June 2014
2218:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2167:on 30 June 2014
2164:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2142:Wayback Machine
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2104:. 25 April 2010
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2049:. 25 April 2010
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2021:. 24 April 2010
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1993:. 24 April 2010
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1965:. 23 April 2010
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1892:. 23 April 2010
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1864:. 23 April 2010
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1806:. 20 April 2010
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1720:. 18 April 2010
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1692:on 25 July 2008
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1660:on 9 April 2009
1646:
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1617:
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1430:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1348:. 24 March 2018
1340:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1278:. 22 July 2013.
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1230:on 11 June 2014
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1203:on 14 July 2014
1195:
1194:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1166:
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1103:
1093:
1091:
1082:
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1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1035:on 4 March 2006
1020:
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1005:
1003:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
969:
968:
951:
941:
939:
933:"PAKISTAN ARMY"
931:
930:
926:
916:
914:
912:Dawn News, 2013
905:
904:
897:
887:
885:
884:on 16 June 2013
871:
870:
866:
856:
854:
853:on 30 June 2017
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
808:
807:
798:
788:
786:
777:
776:
772:
768:
740:
733:
728:Pakistan portal
726:
721:
719:
716:
708:economic crisis
653:
604:
600:
593:
580:Express Tribune
575:
573:Green computing
567:Main articles:
565:
556:
552:
540:
536:
532:
521:
488:
472:
430:
363:
355:Communist Party
301:energy security
293:
288:
286:Policy overview
266:. In 2001, the
201:
130:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3446:
3444:
3436:
3435:
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3425:
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3378:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
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3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3324:Supercomputing
3321:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3285:Nuclear energy
3282:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3231:
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3195:
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3185:
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3147:
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3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
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3009:
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2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
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2973:
2968:
2967:
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2956:
2951:
2949:Businesspeople
2946:
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2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
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2818:
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2801:
2796:
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2768:
2764:
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2755:
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2724:
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2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2627:Vehicle plates
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2572:Transportation
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
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2462:
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2443:
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2432:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2403:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2286:
2285:External links
2283:
2281:
2280:
2268:Foreign Policy
2254:
2232:
2200:
2178:
2146:
2127:
2115:
2087:
2060:
2032:
2004:
1976:
1948:
1925:
1903:
1875:
1847:
1817:
1789:
1757:
1731:
1703:
1671:
1639:
1610:
1599:on 8 June 2011
1578:
1555:
1520:Energy Reports
1506:
1480:
1469:on 5 June 2018
1454:
1428:
1409:
1384:
1372:Pakistan Today
1359:
1333:
1321:Pakistan Today
1308:
1299:
1281:
1263:
1241:
1214:
1185:
1159:
1132:
1101:
1075:
1046:
1013:
988:
949:
924:
895:
864:
833:
796:
784:Pakistan Today
769:
767:
764:
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762:
757:
752:
746:
745:
731:
715:
712:
652:
649:
592:
589:
564:
561:
541:$ 1.38 billion
520:
517:
487:
484:
471:
468:
429:
426:
362:
359:
309:Arab countries
292:
289:
287:
284:
232:Benazir Bhutto
200:
197:
196:
195:
190:
189:
188:
180:
179:
178:
173:
165:
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163:
155:
154:
153:
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146:
129:
126:
113:Water ministry
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3445:
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3408:
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3362:
3359:
3357:
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3349:
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3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Solar energy
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3260:Energy policy
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
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3209:
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3200:
3191:
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3168:
3158:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Foreign trade
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3100:Serai Quarter
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
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3025:
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3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Trades unions
2979:
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2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
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2935:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
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2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
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2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:Manufacturing
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2741:List of banks
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Nuclear power
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2538:circular debt
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Privatization
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:KSE 100 Index
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2255:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1778:on 3 May 2010
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1719:
1718:
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1707:
1704:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1675:
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1659:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:Khaleej Times
1588:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1542:
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