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533:. The fifth pictograph is not detailed enough to be identified as a specific kind of fish. Four of the pictographs depict birds. These four images depict two herons, a male turkey, and either a hummingbird or woodpecker. Additionally, three pictographs depict mammals or quadrupeds. All of the fish, bird, and mammal pictographs are located along the middle ledge.
1760:
429:
115 images on the middle ledge, and 17 images on the high ledge. The rock art images at the painted bluff can be categorized into nine different motifs. These motifs are: circles, lines and curves, boxes and rectangles, patches or swatches, maces, fish, birds, quadrupeds or mammals, anthropomorphs, and others.
452:
Of the 137 total images, 6 are boxes or rectangles. These pictographs are rectilinear shapes with clear right angles. Some of the examples are not complete or closed rectangles; some of them are either incomplete rectangles with open sides or are partially eroded. All of the pictographs of this motif
428:
Archaeologists have identified a total of 137 prehistoric images at
Painted Bluff. Most of the images, 133 in total, are painted pictographs. The remaining four are engraved petroglyphs. These images are distributed across the three ledges of the bluff. There are 5 images located on the low ledge,
456:
Some of the pictographs at
Painted Bluff consist of patches and swatches of pigment. Of the 137 total images, 8 are classified into this motif. Most of these pictographs are solid patches of pigment with no outline. Some of them may have been the result of swiping an applicator across the rock to
595:
Beginning in 2004, the TVA partnered with the
University of Tennessee's Archaeological research team to document and research Painted Bluff. They discovered that both natural weathering and human activities were damaging the rock art and the site. There was extensive graffiti on the walls of the
809:
440:
The most common motif found in the rock art of
Painted Bluff is circular shapes. Of the 137 total images, 47 images are various forms of circles. These include "simple rings, solid disks, concentric circles," and "circles filled with lines or crosses. Circles filled with crosses, or
444:
The second most common motif found in the rock art of
Painted Bluff is linear forms. Of the 137 total images, 31 are composed of various forms of lines and curves. These include simple line segments, curved lines, groups of overlapping lines, and more complex arrangements such as
460:
Two of the 137 total pictographs have been identified as weapons or maces. These have been identified as maces due to their resemblance to other prehistoric art in the
Southeast that have been identified as maces. Both of these pictographs are located on the middle ledge.
615:. In early 2014, a project took place to remove the graffiti from the site. During this project, as many as 122 different instances of graffiti were removed or camouflaged. Historic graffiti older than 50 years was left in place, which was required by the
543:
Nineteen of the 137 total pictographs have been classified as "Other". These images are classified as such because they do not fit into any of the other categories, either because they are unrecognizable or because they are recognizable but unique.
239:. Haywood moved to Nashville, Tennessee from his home state of North Carolina in 1807 and became fascinated by the prehistoric artifacts and monuments in the region. He believed that these artifacts and monuments were left by one of the
457:
clean it. Most of them, however, appear to have been intentionally made, which is suggested by the thickness of the pigment and the size of the glyph. All examples of these patches and swatches are located on the middle ledge.
183:
and is only accessible by boat. The bluff is divided into three levels: the low ledge along the river, a middle ledge above it, and a high ledge near the top of the cliff face. A small cave is located along the low ledge.
777:
524:
Twelve of the pictographs at
Painted Bluff depict different types of animals. Five of the 137 total pictographs depict fish. In four cases, the specific kind of fish has been identified. Three have been identified as
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441:"cross-in-circle(s)", are a common Native American religious icon from the Mississippian Period. All but one of the pictographs on the high ledge are circuital motifs.
1480:
198:
1836:
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194:
The bluff has been subject to graffiti from the earliest days of its discovery by
European Americans, with the oldest graffiti dating to the nineteenth century.
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In 2016, the project of preservation and graffiti removal at
Painted Bluff received the Chairman's Award for Achievement in Historic Preservation from the
213:
that comprises the bluff formed between 359 and 323 million years ago, predating the formation of the North
American contentment. It is mainly composed of
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archaeologist Erin Pritchard considers Painted bluff to be "one of, if not the, most significant open-air rock art occurrence" in the region.
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There are also pictographs that depict humans with avian characteristics, however, those are categorized separately as anthropomorphs.
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232:
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Historic graffiti dated 1859. It was drawn with a chunk of dry ochre, as opposed to being painted like the prehistoric pictographs.
540:
figures. Human or anthropomorphic figures are the only motif other than circles that appear on all three ledges of Painted Bluff.
436:
A pictograph of an orange circle with a cross through it. This "cross-in-circle" is a common symbol from the Mississippian Period.
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In 1959, the rock art of Painted Bluff was the subject of one of the first chemical analyses on rock art pigment ever published.
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1030:"5 things to know about the ancient cliff drawings on Marshall County's Painted Bluff (Odd Travels with photo gallery)"
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The following organizations and Native American tribes are involved with the preservation efforts at Painted Bluff:
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999:"600-year-old cliff drawings, 200-year-old home listed as North Alabama Places in Peril (Odd Travels)"
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The first written references to Painted Bluff are from the nineteenth-century jurist and historian
26:
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Due to the humid environment, open-air rock art sites are rare in the Southeastern United States.
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2020:
2001:
1936:
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and dots has been classified as "Other" because it is the only such pictograph at Painted Bluff.
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846:— a rock shelter and cave in northeastern Alabama that was once inhabited by Native Americans.
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line with unidentified embedded forms, an orange circle, and an orange anthropomorphic figure.
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into the fragile surface of the cliff and writing climbing routes onto the walls of the rock.
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2015:
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cliff, more of which continued to appear over the years. The site was also being damaged by
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Painted Bluff is a rocky outcropping of limestone that overlooks the Tennessee River. The
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110:
1511:"106 Success Story: Tennessee Valley Authority Builds Coalition to Protect Indian Images"
1732:
Simek, Jan F.; Dunsmore, Erin E.; Loubser, Johannes; Bow, Sierra M. (23 February 2021).
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1560:"Prehistoric Rock Art from Painted Bluff and the Landscape of North Alabama Rock Art"
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1570:(2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd., Southeastern Archaeological Conference: 218–234.
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The Cosmos Revealed: Precontact Mississippian Rock Art at Painted Bluff, Alabama
530:
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A pictograph of two concentric circles with a line through the inner circle.
129:
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1665:
Diaz-Granados, Carol; Simek, Jan; Sabo, George; Wagner, Mark, eds. (2018).
201:, meaning that damaging or destroying any property is considered a felony.
179:. Painted Bluff is located about 4 miles (6.4 km) downstream from the
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1451:"Joint Prehistoric Rock Art Restoration Project Receives National Award"
1117:
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449:. All four of the engraved petroglyphs are classified in this category.
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2197:
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1996:
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526:
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551:
431:
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Transforming the Landscape: Rock Art and the Mississippian Cosmos
815:
A grouping of pictographs. The leftmost pictograph consisting of
2763:
1715:
TVA Archaeology: Seventy-Five Years of Prehistoric Site Research
490:
1796:
968:"Painted Bluff, Marshall County, c.1400 (Places in Peril 2013)"
771:
A pictograph of a human figure floating over a cross-in-circle.
559:
1558:
Simek, Jan F.; Cressler, Alan; Herrmann, Nicholas P. (2013).
1635:
1164:
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that features Native American petroglyphs and pictographs.
1736:(1st ed.). Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
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Fourteen of the 137 total pictographs depict human or
923:"Professor Awarded for Prehistoric Rock Art Research"
660:
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma
509:
viewed from below. It is clearly recognizable by its
220:
Painted Bluff was inhabited by humans throughout the
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2143:
1872:
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1369:. Alabama Historical Commission. 2013. p. 1.
1396:"Painted Bluff named one of AL's Places in Peril"
630:List of parties involved in preservation efforts
1782:The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee
1717:(1st ed.). University of Tennessee Press.
237:The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee
199:Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
529:, and one has been identified as a species of
168:that features over 130 individual prehistoric
1808:
8:
1713:Pritchard, Erin E.; Ahlman, Todd M. (2009).
19:
1773:about graffiti removal at Painted Bluff on
799:A red anthropomorphic figure with circular
1815:
1801:
1793:
1520:. United States Federal Government. 2018.
1455:The University of Tennessee Knoxville News
1364:"ALABAMA'S MOST ENDANGERED SITES FOR 2013"
927:The university of Tennessee Knoxville News
253:
25:
18:
2323:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
1518:Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
624:Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
485:, it actually depicts the underside of a
902:United States Department of the Interior
876:
856:
749:
140:Federal government of the United States
882:
880:
1461:from the original on 18 February 2024
1376:from the original on 24 November 2021
489:. The "eyes" are actually the fish's
475:While this pictograph might resemble
7:
1527:from the original on 29 January 2022
1406:from the original on 4 December 2023
1040:from the original on 6 February 2024
453:are located along the middle ledge.
2794:Norse colonization of North America
1771:Interview with Dr. Johannes Loubser
1491:from the original on 8 October 2023
921:Purdy, Michael (17 November 2014).
893:Geographic Names Information System
611:listed Painted Bluff as one of its
33:Facing west along the middle ledge.
1449:Purdy, Michael (1 December 2016).
1009:from the original on 23 March 2024
978:from the original on 23 March 2024
705:Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma
617:National Historic Preservation Act
197:Painted Bluff is protected by the
16:Neolithic rock art site in Alabama
14:
933:from the original on 8 March 2024
710:Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma
665:Muscogee Creek Nation of Oklahoma
1758:
808:
792:
776:
764:
752:
670:Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas
655:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
563:
498:
468:
228:, from about 800 BC to 1500 AD.
31:The cliff face of Painted Bluff.
2814:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1701:from the original on 2024-02-14
1606:from the original on 2024-02-17
898:United States Geological Survey
734:Southeastern Climbers Coalition
844:Russell Cave National Monument
1:
1671:(1st ed.). Oxbow Books.
974:. The University of Alabama.
675:Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town
645:Alabama Historical Commission
609:Alabama Historical Commission
2779:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
2729:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1481:"Preserving Places of Peril"
1028:Kazek, Kelly (4 June 2013).
997:Kazek, Kelly (4 June 2013).
836:— a cliff in Iowa along the
690:Poarch Band of Creek Indians
2163:Bandelier National Monument
2037:List of Mississippian sites
1824:Pre-Columbian North America
1636:Diaz-Granados et al. (2018)
1165:Diaz-Granados et al. (2018)
1095:Diaz-Granados et al. (2018)
695:Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
160:is a cliff overlooking the
2932:
2916:Tennessee Valley Authority
2583:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
2188:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
1897:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
640:Tennessee Valley Authority
150:Tennessee Valley Authority
2852:
2824:Three Sisters agriculture
1830:
1576:10.1179/sea.2013.32.2.004
1485:Tennesse Valley Authority
715:Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma
700:Seminole Tribe of Florida
255:Distribution of Rock art
78:34.4631472°N 86.4463750°W
38:
24:
2901:Marshall County, Alabama
2363:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
1922:Buttermilk Creek complex
1564:Southeastern Archaeology
685:Thlopthlocco Tribal Town
505:Another pictograph of a
166:Marshall County, Alabama
97:248 m (814 ft)
2563:Town Creek Indian Mound
2533:Sierra de San Francisco
2388:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
1785:by John Haywood at the
725:University of Tennessee
211:carboniferous limestone
83:34.4631472; -86.4463750
2218:Coso Rock Art District
2105:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
2008:List of Hopewell sites
1302:, pp. 98–99, 109.
1109:, pp. 53–54, 130.
557:
437:
2626:Arlington Springs Man
2468:Portsmouth Earthworks
737:Stratum Unlimited LLC
730:University of Alabama
555:
491:lateral gill openings
435:
241:Lost Tribes of Israel
2834:Transoceanic contact
2724:Container Revolution
2298:Gila Cliff Dwellings
2263:Etowah Indian Mounds
1767:at Wikimedia Commons
680:Kialegee Tribal Town
548:Preservation efforts
226:Mississippian period
2754:Green Corn Ceremony
2568:Turkey River Mounds
2358:Lake Jackson Mounds
2178:Blue Spring Shelter
1677:10.2307/j.ctvh1drcx
1650:, pp. 123–124.
1648:Simek et al. (2021)
1624:Simek et al. (2021)
1548:, pp. 17, 114.
1546:Simek et al. (2021)
1437:Simek et al. (2021)
1425:Simek et al. (2021)
1353:, pp. 160–161.
1351:Simek et al. (2021)
1341:, pp. 155–156.
1339:Simek et al. (2021)
1327:Simek et al. (2021)
1315:Simek et al. (2021)
1300:Simek et al. (2021)
1288:Simek et al. (2021)
1276:Simek et al. (2021)
1264:Simek et al. (2021)
1252:Simek et al. (2021)
1237:Simek et al. (2021)
1225:Simek et al. (2021)
1213:Simek et al. (2021)
1201:Simek et al. (2021)
1189:Simek et al. (2021)
1177:Simek et al. (2021)
1161:Simek et al. (2021)
1146:Simek et al. (2021)
1134:Simek et al. (2021)
1122:Simek et al. (2021)
1107:Simek et al. (2021)
1083:Simek et al. (2021)
1071:Simek et al. (2021)
1059:Simek et al. (2021)
955:Simek et al. (2021)
600:, who were driving
531:American black bass
256:
74: /
21:
2839:Underwater panther
2513:Rosenstock Village
2383:Marmes Rockshelter
2368:L'Anse aux Meadows
1290:, pp. 99–101.
1254:, pp. 99–100.
1203:, pp. 54, 78.
575:. You can help by
558:
438:
254:
2906:Cliffs of Alabama
2896:Pre-Columbian art
2873:
2872:
2865:Pre-Columbian era
2666:Spirit Cave mummy
2463:Plum Bayou Mounds
2373:Lynch Quarry Site
1892:Ancient Beringian
1763:Media related to
1743:978-0-8173-2085-0
1724:978-1-57233-650-6
1686:978-1-78570-628-8
1266:, pp. 98–99.
1227:, pp. 95–96.
1191:, pp. 78–79.
1148:, pp. 53–54.
1085:, pp. 21–22.
1036:. Advance Local.
1005:. Advance Local.
838:Mississippi River
803:raising its arms.
593:
592:
426:
425:
235:in his 1823 book
155:
154:
2923:
2809:Projectile point
2646:Leanderthal Lady
2573:Upward Sun River
2548:Stallings Island
2538:Shell ring sites
2488:Recapture Canyon
2403:Moorehead Circle
2248:El Fin del Mundo
2233:Cueva de la Olla
2039:
2026:Maritime Archaic
2010:
1840:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1794:
1787:Internet Archive
1762:
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972:ALABAMA HERITAGE
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834:Paint Rock Bluff
812:
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720:Chickasaw Nation
588:
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215:Bangor Limestone
181:Guntersville Dam
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2911:Tennessee River
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2869:
2860:Genetic history
2848:
2702:Ceremonial pipe
2675:
2656:Minnesota Woman
2613:
2607:
2428:Ocmulgee Mounds
2408:Morrison Mounds
2353:Kolomoki Mounds
2343:Kimball Village
2203:Candelaria Cave
2145:
2139:
2120:Suwannee Valley
2055:Old Cordilleran
2035:
2006:
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1402:. 1 June 2013.
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966:
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919:
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906:
904:
888:"Painted Bluff"
886:
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868:
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862:
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824:
823:
820:
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804:
797:
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772:
769:
760:
757:
745:
740:
650:Cherokee Nation
632:
613:Places in Peril
589:
583:
580:
573:needs expansion
550:
538:anthropomorphic
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
503:
495:
494:
473:
273:Anthropomorphs
252:
222:Woodland period
207:
170:Native American
162:Tennessee River
82:
80:
76:
73:
68:
65:
63:
61:
60:
34:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2929:
2927:
2919:
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2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Indigenous art
2888:
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2857:
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2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2784:Mound Builders
2781:
2776:
2771:
2769:Medicine wheel
2766:
2761:
2759:Horned Serpent
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
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2726:
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2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Roberts Island
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Old Stone Fort
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Moaning Cavern
2395:
2390:
2385:
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2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Kincaid Mounds
2345:
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2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
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2265:
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2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:Cuarenta Casas
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Bluefish Caves
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2144:Archaeological
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Caloosahatchee
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Caborn-Welborn
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1873:Archaeological
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1812:
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1791:
1790:
1778:
1768:
1754:
1753:External links
1751:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1729:
1723:
1710:
1685:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1638:, p. 174.
1628:
1626:, p. 116.
1616:
1550:
1538:
1502:
1472:
1441:
1439:, p. 162.
1429:
1427:, p. 165.
1417:
1387:
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1343:
1331:
1329:, p. 123.
1319:
1317:, p. 109.
1304:
1292:
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1256:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1167:, p. 172.
1163:, p. 55;
1150:
1138:
1136:, p. 130.
1126:
1111:
1099:
1097:, p. 171.
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1063:
1051:
1020:
989:
959:
957:, p. 157.
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126:Archaeologists
123:
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90:
58:
54:
53:
47:Marshal County
44:
40:
39:
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15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2744:Falcon dancer
2742:
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2727:
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2704:
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2700:
2698:
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2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:Miscellaneous
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Melbourne Man
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:La Brea Woman
2639:
2637:
2636:Kennewick Man
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
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2531:
2529:
2528:Serpent Mound
2526:
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2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
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2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Pueblo Bonito
2476:
2474:
2473:Poverty Point
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Pinson Mounds
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Painted Bluff
2446:
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2328:Horr's Island
2326:
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2258:Effigy Mounds
2256:
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2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
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2223:Crystal River
2221:
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2135:Weeden Island
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2123:
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2100:Safety Harbor
2098:
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2090:Poverty Point
2088:
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2076:
2073:
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2070:Paleo-Indians
2068:
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2058:
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2051:
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2031:Mississippian
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
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1765:Painted Bluff
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1316:
1311:
1309:
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1278:, p. 99.
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
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1239:, p. 98.
1238:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:, p. 93.
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1179:, p. 78.
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1124:, p. 55.
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1073:, p. 42.
1072:
1067:
1064:
1061:, p. 31.
1060:
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1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
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629:
627:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
607:In 2013, the
605:
603:
602:steel anchors
599:
598:rock climbers
587:
584:February 2024
578:
574:
571:This section
569:
566:
562:
561:
554:
547:
545:
541:
539:
534:
532:
528:
516:
515:pectoral fins
512:
508:
501:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
471:
462:
458:
454:
450:
448:
447:crosshatching
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411:
407:
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401:
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171:
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159:
158:Painted Bluff
151:
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144:
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138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
119:
116:
115:Mississippian
112:
109:
105:
100:
96:
92:
87:
69:86°26′46.95″W
66:34°27′47.33″N
59:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
37:
28:
23:
20:Painted Bluff
2844:Water glyphs
2799:Oasisamerica
2789:N.A.G.P.R.A.
2749:Folsom point
2739:Effigy mound
2719:Clovis point
2687:Aridoamerica
2588:Wickiup Hill
2543:Spiro Mounds
2523:Salmon Ruins
2518:Russell Cave
2447:
2313:Helen Blazes
2308:Grimes Point
2288:Fort Juelson
2278:Fort Ancient
2253:El Vallecito
2213:Chaco Canyon
2153:Angel Mounds
2115:Steed-Kisker
2065:Paleo-Arctic
1987:Glacial Kame
1972:Fort Ancient
1864:Post-Classic
1835:
1780:
1733:
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:Bibliography
1643:
1631:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1567:
1563:
1553:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1517:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1454:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1399:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1141:
1129:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1033:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1002:
992:
980:. Retrieved
971:
962:
935:. Retrieved
926:
916:
905:. Retrieved
891:
859:
633:
621:
606:
594:
581:
577:adding to it
572:
542:
535:
523:
480:
459:
455:
451:
443:
439:
427:
265:Middle Ledge
245:
236:
233:John Haywood
230:
219:
208:
196:
193:
186:
157:
156:
2829:Thunderbird
2697:Black drink
2661:Peñon woman
2598:Winterville
2578:Velda Mound
2558:Taos Pueblo
2453:Parkin Park
2438:Orwell site
2423:Nodena site
2318:Holly Bluff
2293:Four Mounds
2283:Fort Center
2208:Casa Grande
2158:Anzick site
2050:Monongahela
1977:Fort Walton
1952:Coles Creek
1917:Belle Glade
1902:Anishinaabe
1695:j.ctvh1drcx
1465:18 February
268:High Ledge
177:petroglyphs
173:pictographs
81: /
57:Coordinates
2880:Categories
2774:Metallurgy
2734:Eden point
2631:Buhl Woman
2503:Rock Eagle
2493:River Styx
2418:Mummy Cave
2413:Moundville
2393:Mesa Verde
2378:Marksville
2125:Tchefuncte
2085:Plaquemine
2021:Las Palmas
1937:Calf Creek
1932:Cades Pond
1705:2024-02-14
1610:2024-02-17
1410:4 December
1044:6 February
907:2023-12-03
871:References
801:ear spools
785:serpentine
482:The Scream
146:Management
121:Site notes
2819:Stickball
2508:Rock Hawk
2338:Key Marco
2130:Troyville
2110:St. Johns
2095:Red Ocher
1854:Formative
1600:129639226
1584:0734-578X
817:rhombuses
479:painting
262:Low Ledge
224:into the
136:Ownership
130:Jan Simek
2886:Rock art
2707:Chanunpa
2692:Ballgame
2671:Vero man
2621:Anzick-1
2593:Windover
2553:SunWatch
2483:Rassawek
2303:Glenwood
2193:Brewster
2045:Mogollon
2016:La Jolla
2002:Hopewell
1962:Deptford
1875:cultures
1699:Archived
1604:Archived
1592:24780171
1522:Archived
1489:Archived
1459:Archived
1404:Archived
1371:Archived
1038:Archived
1013:23 March
1007:Archived
982:23 March
976:Archived
931:Archived
828:See also
385:Patches
371:Mammals
315:Circles
250:Rock art
111:Woodland
107:Cultures
94:Altitude
43:Location
2856:Related
2714:Chunkey
2614:remains
2603:Wupatki
2443:Paquime
2333:Huápoca
2198:Cahokia
2168:Bastian
2075:Patayan
1997:Hohokam
1982:Fremont
1957:Comondú
1912:Baytown
1907:Avonlea
1887:Alachua
1859:Classic
1849:Archaic
1837:Periods
1775:YouTube
1531:7 March
1495:7 March
1400:WAFF 48
937:8 March
743:Gallery
527:catfish
511:barbels
507:catfish
487:catfish
205:History
102:History
51:Alabama
2273:Folsom
2238:Cutler
2173:Benson
2060:Oneota
1992:Glades
1967:Folsom
1947:Clovis
1844:Lithic
1740:
1721:
1693:
1683:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1380:2 June
1034:AL.com
1003:AL.com
783:A red
413:Total
399:Other
357:Maces
343:Lines
301:Boxes
287:Birds
2804:Piasa
2612:Human
2243:Eaker
2146:sites
2080:Plano
1882:Adena
1691:JSTOR
1596:S2CID
1588:JSTOR
1525:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1374:(PDF)
1367:(PDF)
851:Notes
329:Fish
2764:Kiva
1738:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1580:ISSN
1533:2024
1497:2024
1467:2024
1412:2023
1382:2022
1046:2024
1015:2024
984:2024
939:2024
513:and
175:and
113:and
2268:Eva
1673:doi
1572:doi
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422:17
419:115
324:16
189:TVA
164:in
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