3346:
401:, shows only the bottom portion of two sheets of parchment (ca. one-fifth of its original height), now measuring 10.9 centimetres (4.3 in) in height. The two sheets of parchment are shown sewn together; one containing three columns, and the other four columns, for a total of seven extant columns. The paleo-Hebrew script is written upon horizontal ruled lines, indented in the parchment by a semi-sharp instrument, from which the scribe "hangs" his letters. The rule lines were made mechanically and have a distinctive lighter shade of brown, and are intersected with indented vertical lines at the ends of the margins.
2134:
classes and then of wider circles. It seems likely that in the
Persian period the Aramaic script was used for writing Aramaic texts only, but the earliest Hebrew manuscripts found in Qumran are fragments of Exodus and Samuel, probably written in the second half of the third century B.C.E. in the Proto-Jewish script, which displays the earliest Jewish national development of the Official Aramaic script. From this period on the Paleo-Hebrew script was restricted to Hebrew texts, but the Jewish script was used both for Hebrew and Aramaic." END QUOTE. This view is repeated by
2328:
written מעונה אלהי קדם (Deut. 33), and they upheld the variant reading where two were concurrent, and cancelled the one that differed. In one book they found written וישלח אל זאטוטי בני ישראל, while in two other books they found written וישלח את נערי בני ישראל (Exo. 24), and they upheld the version of the two books , and cancelled the reading of the one that differed. In one book it was written אחד עשר הוא (Gen. 32:23), but in two other books they found written אחד עשר היא, and upheld the two , and cancelled the one ."
45:
289:
384:, officially did away with the ancient characters, but preserved the language intact, as the paleo-Hebrew letters were replaced, letter by letter, with their exact Ashurit equivalent, and where the newer characters represented the same phonetic sounds used in the Old Hebrew script. Both old and new systems consisted of 22 corresponding characters with (at that time) the same Semitic sound values.
29:
1746:), which should start in the middle of the column, with an intermediate space between it and the previous verse, but in the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll the section here starts at the beginning of the right margin, with the previous verse ending in the previous line and followed by a short vacant space extending to the left margin (which space is equivalent to that of about 14 letters).
444:, the Leviticus Scroll generally showing more full spellings than the MT. This makes sense, since the Masoretic scholars are the ones who created the vowel pointing system that was added to the consonantal text, whereas the fuller spellings were the only available aid to the reader for discerning the vowel sounds at the earlier period. According to the Talmud, at some time during the
380:(Ashurit)—the modern Hebrew script, rather than in the Old Hebrew (Paleo-Hebrew) script used formerly, and permitted that the Book of Daniel be composed in the Aramaic language with Ashurit characters. The switch from the ancient paleo-Hebrew script to the Ashurit script (modern Hebrew script), which happened after Israel's return from the
233:, where it had been stashed along with other manuscripts. The entrance to the cave had been sealed off by fallen debris and large boulders, while part of the cave's roof had also collapsed, keeping the cave inaccessible for many centuries. The cache of manuscripts found in cave no. 11 yielded, among other manuscripts,
412:
The top portion of the scroll is irregularly worn away, with no indication that it had been deliberately torn or cut. Letter and line calculations suggest that the scroll's height was roughly four times greater than the extant lower portion, based upon letter and scribal dot counts of columns four to
2633:(1985), p. 403. The apparatus written by the scribe Benaya of Yemen in many of his codices ends with the statement that the present work is "completely according to the arrangement of the book which was in Egypt, which was edited by Ben Asher..." All of these have Leviticus 25:35 as a Closed Section.
1589:
Another unique feature of the paleo-Hebrew
Leviticus Scroll is that it shows an ancient scribal practice of aligning all words in the columns in a natural progressive order, without the necessity of stretching words as is typically practised by scribes in the Ashurit script (modern Hebrew script) to
404:
The parchment consists of light to dark brown, tanned leather, with the ancient Hebrew writing inscribed on the grain-side of the leather, being the side where the hair once grew, and which side is usually darker than the flesh side of the leather. The leather, upon examination, is thought to belong
2327:
4:2 ), where R. Shimon b. Lakish said: "Three books were found in the court of the Temple: a book of the Law wherein was written the word מעונה, another book wherein was written זאטוטי, and another book wherein was written the word היא. In one book they found written מעון, but in two books it was
372:
in the 5th century BCE. This latter view, however, is incongruous with secular linguistic findings. Nevertheless, the matter remains undecided and in dispute among Jewish religious sages, with some holding the opinion that the Torah was originally inscribed in the Old Hebrew (Paleo-Hebrew) script,
2133:
21b) ascribes the adoption of the
Aramaic ("Assyrian") script to Ezra, who brought it from the Babylonian captivity. However Aramaic arrived in Judea also through the Babylonian and mainly through the Persian administrations. At any rate it became the colloquial language, at first of the educated
1938:
Mathews (1987), p. 49. Quote: "...a small conservative circle of Jewish scribes preserved the old characters in an attempt to mimic the Hebrew letters of the preexile age (prior to 586 BCE). A comparison of the paleo-Hebrew characters of the
Leviticus Scroll with their seventh-century proto-types
396:
The paleo-Hebrew
Leviticus Scroll consists of fifteen fragments and one scroll of seven columns, measuring 100.5 centimetres (39.6 in) in length. The scroll is thought to have been originally part of a larger Torah scroll made-up of individual sheets of parchment that were sewn together. The
387:
The Hebrew sages of the 1st-century CE augmented the use of the modern Hebrew script over that of the former script, declaring that sanctity only applied to those texts transcribed in the
Ashurit (modern Hebrew) script, effectively doing away with the Old Hebrew (paleo-Hebrew) writing system.
1590:
justify the end of the line at the left margin. To avoid a long word extending beyond the column, the scribe simply broke-off the word, writing one or several letters of that word at the end of one line, and the remaining letters of the same word at the beginning of the next line (e.g. the
1877:(Jerusalem 1971, vol. 2, s.v. Alphabet, Hebrew, pp. 683–685), the Hasmoneans are said to have "struck coins with legends of a known writing which survived," and that the paleo-Hebrew writing was "preserved mainly as a biblical book hand by a coterie of erudite scribes, presumably of the
245:(formerly the Palestine Archaeological Museum) in May of 1956 where it was kept in the museum's scrollery, and there remained largely untouched for 12 years, until it could be examined by researchers. When the museum came under the administration of the Israeli government after the
1795:
As was customary for ancient Torah scrolls, words were joined together without spacing, as is seen in the paleo-Hebrew
Leviticus scroll. Some words are broken in two, between two consecutive lines. The original paleo-Hebrew Leviticus scroll contained approximately 45 lines.
341:—their secular consensus view is based on palaeographic evidentiary discoveries, the timelines and assigned eras of those discoveries, and the slowly evolving letter/character morphologies as they offshoot from earlier scripts—the question remains undecided among
268:
photographs were made of the manuscript. Between 1956 and 1970 the scroll had suffered, losing at several places tiny fragments from the edges. Thus, the 1956 photographs preserve a better stage of the scroll and show readings which were lost in 1970.
280:
of France from the antiquities dealer Khalil
Eskander Shaheen (Kando) of Bethlehem in 1967, showing Leviticus 21:7–12 / 22:21–27. Similar paleo-Hebrew fragments exist for the Books of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, discovered in
1753:
in the MT, but in the paleo-Hebrew
Leviticus Scroll the section break starts at the beginning of the right margin, preceded by a line where the previous verse ends close to the start of the line, and a solitary paleo-Hebrew letter
416:
The scroll contains much of
Leviticus chapters 22:21–27, 23:22–29, 24:9–14, 25:28–36, 26:17–26, and 27:11–19, with smaller fragments showing portions of chapters 4:24–26, 10:4–7, 11:27–32, 13:3–9, 14:16–21, 18:26–19:3, 20:1–6,
220:
in 1947 brought in its wake a flurry of epigraphic discoveries in the Qumran region. The paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll was one of the last among them to be discovered. It was found in January of 1956 by local Bedouins of the
1866:
Problems with dating have much to do with the fact that the paleo-Hebrew script continued in use, both in Judea and in Samaria, long after Israel's return from the Babylonian captivity. This is evidenced by the find of
1639:
were in dispute over whether or not the reading in Leviticus 25:35 was to be marked by a section break; some including there a section break and others omitting a section break, as disclosed by the medieval scribe
405:
to a small domesticated animal; either a kid of the goats or young sheep. The pattern of the grain surface in the leather resembles that of a kid, rather than a sheep. The lettering of the scroll is written in
2661:), although with regard to this I found a dispute, where there are accurate books showing that there is no section break at all. Likewise, I have found it to be so in a few of the minutiae composed by the
413:
six. The average number of letters per line is forty-seven. Columns 4 to 7 measure 14.9 cm. in width, except for the narrow, final column. Columns 2 and 3 measure 13.6 cm. and 12.0 cm., respectively.
320:
The Leviticus Scroll is of primary importance in helping secular and religious scholars better understand the textual development of the Hebrew Bible and can shed light on the Hebrew Pentateuch's
3168:
The Scribes of Qumran: Studies in the Early History of Jewish Scribal Customs, with Special Reference to the Qumran Biblical Scrolls and to the Tannaitic Traditions of 'Massekheth Soferim'
368:, also known as "Ashurit"—the current modern printed Hebrew script), but then later changed to the paleo-Hebrew script, and, once again, returned to the Ashurit script during the time of
2402:
Hophal passive participle of שחת: literally, "they are blemished"; "they are defective", or "they (i.e. the animals) are damaged ones." It can also be read as a plural nominal form of
4018:
376:
What is generally acknowledged by all Jewish religious sages is that Ezra the Scribe in the 5th century BCE was the first to enact that the scroll of the Law be written in the
2629:
cannot now be known, although scholars can only assume that Maimonides copied what he knew to be true of the Aleppo Codex, who writes for this section a Closed Section. See
3362:
158:. The scroll is thought to have been penned by the scribe between the late 2nd century BCE to early 1st century BCE, while others place its writing in the 1st century CE.
448:
period the Sages saw a need to bring conformity to the writing, and therefore began work on establishing an authoritative text, which eventually became known as the MT.
1784:
in the middle of the section break is consistent with the practice found in paleo-Hebrew biblical manuscripts discovered in Qumran cave no. 4, showing fragments from the
428:
As was apparently common for the time, the scribe who copied the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus scroll has joined all words together, with only a dot separating word from word.
1857:
Siegel, Jonathan P. (1979), p. 28, who writes that prior to the destruction of the First Temple, "the paleo-Hebrew script was the only alphabet used by the Israelites."
261:
3189:
3110:
2548:
has strong support as a system of actual variant readings which were not fully expunged from Biblical texts when the Massoretes began their work." END QUOTE. Cf.
4389:
2384:). These changes do not appear in the paleo-Hebrew script, the five letters being written the same - whether at the beginning, middle, or end of a word.
1722:) in line no. 3 (Lev. 23:23) starts at the beginning of the margin, after the previous verse ended on the previous line, followed by a very long vacant space (
4506:
4501:
3926:
3389:
161:
The paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll, although many centuries more recent than the well-known earlier ancient paleo-Hebrew epigraphic materials, such as the
3730:
1663:(contained in the second column). Words written here in brackets are based on the scrolls reconstruction, as they are missing in the original manuscript.
421:
Based on a cursory review and comparison of extant texts, the 11QpaleoLev Leviticus Scroll is considered by many to be a primary textual witness of the
3671:
4521:
4094:
4089:
1838:
226:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
1780:
is characteristically used in open spaces between paragraphs when the new paragraph should have begun with that letter. The use of a solitary
4466:
4393:
3293:
2900:
352:
Among some Jewish religious sages, the find of 11QpaleoLev would corroborate one rabbinic view that the Torah was originally written in the
2758:
For a discussion on the scribal method of making Open and Closed sections found in the Qumran manuscripts and their general outlines, see
4147:
4373:
3963:
4471:
4461:
4419:
3263:
2908:
2882:
2838:
1702:, a thing which does invalidate a Torah scroll. However, the use of section breaks follows closely the traditions bequeathed by the
241:(11QT; being the longest of the Dead Sea Scrolls), and the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll. The Leviticus Scroll was obtained by the
1812:(LXX) was similar to the text of the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll in some places, such as in Lev. 26:24, where it adds the words
4258:
194:
3988:
3382:
3025:
170:
440:(henceforth MT) and the Leviticus Scroll shows a tradition of orthography which slightly differed from the MT with respect to
4526:
3993:
3723:
3195:
2959:
2482:), although D.N. Freedman thinks this to have been an intentional spelling based on the colloquial pronunciation of the word
2465:), although D.N. Freedman thinks this to have been an intentional spelling based on the colloquial pronunciation of the word
1760:
is written in the middle of that long-extended space, a tradition which is no longer recognised today. In Leviticus 20:1–6 (
253:
for study and publication, who published the first report on the manuscript in 1974. Today, the 11QpaleoLev is held by the
4476:
3949:
3034:
2576:), and which are these: (1) אשר לא כרעים ממעל לרגליו (Lev. 11), (2) אשר לא חומה (Lev. 25), (3) אשר לא (יגיד) (Exo. 21)."
1696:
The arrangement of the lines does not necessarily follow the arrangements used by modern scribes when copying from their
3978:
3094:
441:
282:
254:
205:
174:
98:
34:
2544:
Siegel, Jonathan P. (1984), p. 215 in PhD dissertation of 1971, who wrote: "The system of Massoretic readings known as
345:
as to whether or not the discovery of the 11QpaleoLev scroll has implications on what the original script of the first
4481:
3153:
1686:
of Atonement. It shall be a sacred occasion for you: you shall practice self-denial, and you shall bring an offering
4511:
3375:
3053:
4491:
3716:
2609:(The London Codex - Or. 4445), contains a Closed section break in Leviticus 25:35 (q.v. folio 111v), as does the
322:
162:
1677:
on the first day of the month, you shall observe complete rest, a sacred occasion commemorated with load blasts.
313:, which itself is thought to be a direct descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet (known in other circles as the
4486:
4278:
4268:
4177:
4167:
3973:
2803:(1992), p. 100 (on Exo. 19:23–20:1); p. 116 (on Exo. 28:39–29:5); p. 130 (on Exo. 37:9–16); p. 60 (Table 5),
3866:
2830:
234:
3308:. 19 (fascicle 3) (75). Gabalda, in affiliation with the National Center for Scientific Research: 423–439.
2982:
Chumash Torah Shelemah - The Script of the Torah and its Characters -- The Torah in Ivri and Ashuri Scripts
356:, which is one view found in Talmudic commentary. According to another rabbinic view in the 5th-century CE
4223:
4013:
1613:
In column no. 4 of the 11QpaleoLev scroll (the second line from the bottom) it shows no section break for
3357:
3304:
Van de Water, Rick (2000). "Reconsidering Palaeographic and Radiocarbon Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls".
2649:. There, Meiri writes as follows: “, וכי ימוך אחיך ומטה ידו until וכי ימוך אחיך ונמכר לך, and which is a
2519:(1985), p. 46, reckons this as being a scribal error by the copyist, where he inadvertently left out the
2436:
In the paleo-Hebrew scroll, this word appears in the fourth column and is divided between two lines. The
4456:
4253:
4213:
3896:
3610:
2859:
2145:
2121:
1909:
1891:
1873:
1833:
1656:
In the following nine lines, a translation of the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll is rendered as follows:
3351:
1871:
coins and coins of the First and Second Jewish Revolts bearing paleo-Hebrew insignia. According to the
3061:(1). The University of Chicago Press (on behalf of The American Schools of Oriental Research): 45–54.
1939:
reveals that the characters evolved over time; the changes, however, are not substantive" (End Quote).
106:
4398:
4338:
4203:
3959:
2130:
2042:
310:
147:
1578:) in the MT, the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll shows the original reading and is written plainly as
4318:
4248:
3931:
3881:
2918:
2614:
2585:
2323:
2288:
2268:
2256:
2241:
2229:
2212:
2200:
1993:
1926:
353:
314:
151:
2303:(1993), pp. 199 (bottom)–200; Siegel, Jonathan P. (1984), p. 210 in PhD dissertation of 1971. Cf.
4403:
4303:
4008:
3916:
3891:
3831:
3625:
3317:
3239:
3183:
3135:
3131:
3104:
3078:
3070:
3038:
2309:
2046:
242:
4121:
3194:; reproduced from the author's thesis (Ph.D.), first submitted to the Department of Religion at
1680:(25)You shall not work at your occupations; and you shall bring an offering by fire to the LORD.
1674:(23)The LORD spoke to Moses saying: (24)Speak to the Israelite people thus: In the seventh month
3285:
3148:
44:
33:
The paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll. Courtesy of The Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library;
4430:
4413:
4323:
4313:
4273:
4218:
3983:
3921:
3911:
3398:
3309:
3289:
3259:
3227:
3171:
3007:
2985:
2965:
2955:
2926:
2904:
2892:
2878:
2834:
2732:
2304:
2181:
2155:
2069:
2037:
1981:
398:
357:
201:—even though the manuscript is fragmentary and only partially preserved on leather parchment.
3023:
Mathews, K.A. (1986). "The Leviticus Scroll (11QpaleoLev) and the Text of the Hebrew Bible".
4298:
3944:
3739:
3661:
3502:
3492:
3482:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3277:
3062:
2723:
2549:
2318:
2314:
2100:
1809:
1683:(26)The LORD spoke to Moses saying: (27)Mark, the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day
381:
338:
217:
4516:
4333:
4238:
4228:
4208:
4198:
4101:
3620:
3584:
3564:
3336:
3219:
3119:
2870:
2718:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2300:
2006:
1824:, the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll follows more closely the MT than does the Septuagint.
1737:
1713:
1618:
369:
334:
182:
2423:
written before the 3rd person singular present "has" (לו), and writes לו instead of לא. (
1804:
From this one surviving relic of Israel's distant past, it can be shown that the unknown
1730:, whereas line no. 6 (Lev. 23:26) is an anomaly of sorts, insofar that the MT makes it a
288:
4496:
4363:
4358:
4348:
4328:
4308:
4288:
4152:
3968:
3901:
3605:
3090:
2977:
2847:
2642:
2545:
2135:
1966:
1817:
1785:
1698:
1591:
1558:
437:
422:
186:
3998:
1586:
who transmitted the readings for words had access to an early orthographic tradition.
4450:
4353:
4293:
4172:
4162:
4003:
3936:
3906:
3886:
3841:
3656:
3341:
3278:
3273:
3203:
3082:
2822:
2787:
2775:
2771:
2669:
2589:
2532:
2516:
2424:
2407:
2272:
2171:
2050:
1641:
445:
250:
238:
4435:
4408:
4368:
4283:
4193:
4039:
3446:
3441:
3001:
2709:
2626:
1756:
302:
277:
198:
190:
143:
71:
3256:
Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert
222:
2954:. Resources for biblical study, no. 42. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
2503:, although in Lev. 26:24, the word appears in the usual form, with the quiescent
138:
group of caves, which provides a rare glimpse of the script used formerly by the
4343:
4263:
4243:
4233:
4106:
3543:
3507:
3437:
3251:
3207:
2759:
2479:
2462:
2341:
2149:
377:
365:
330:
246:
28:
2681:, of blessed memory, and in the book that I hinted at, I have found it to be a
360:, conversely, the find of 11QpaleoLev is inconsequential since they regard the
4425:
3640:
3527:
3464:
3122:(1993). "Maimonides' Thirteen Principles: The Last Word in Jewish Theology?".
2997:
2969:
2704:
2678:
2630:
1614:
306:
139:
3313:
3175:
2930:
4142:
3011:
2989:
2622:
1868:
1816:= "in rage of froward behaviour" – the words "in rage" not appearing in the
1703:
1583:
406:
155:
16:
Ancient Jewish religious manuscript found in 1956 among the Dead Sea scrolls
1768:
is preceded by a vacant space, in the middle of which the Hebrew character
1692:
expiation is made on your behalf RD your God. (29)Indeed, any person who...
154:
and was found stashed away in cave no. 11 at Qumran, showing a portion of
3512:
3474:
3449:
2159:
1878:
1732:
1708:
1629:
265:
3321:
3243:
3139:
3042:
1627:), although in most MT readings the place is marked by a section break (
1582:, without the necessity of changing its reading. This suggests that the
204:
Today, the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll (11QpaleoLev) is housed at the
4137:
4116:
3574:
3569:
3074:
3051:
Mathews, K.A. (1987). "The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll from Qumran".
2742:
2737:
2440:
appears at the very end of the second line, and the remaining letters (
2176:
1805:
1552:
The 11QpaleoLev scroll is unique in that where the MT requires reading
150:
history. The fragmentary remains of the Torah scroll is written in the
1689:
by fire to the LORD; (28)you shall do no work throughout that day. For
4157:
4111:
4034:
3939:
3635:
3615:
3600:
3497:
3427:
2663:
2654:
1635:
342:
166:
135:
3367:
3066:
3708:
2364:) have altered forms when they appear at the end of a word (
3876:
3846:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3697:
3692:
3666:
3630:
3579:
3559:
3522:
3459:
2952:
Beyond Babel: A Handbook for Biblical Hebrew and Related Languages
361:
346:
305:
script used is similar to the script still preserved today by the
287:
272:
One fragment belonging to the 11QpaleoLev but not with the IAA is
178:
3280:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls (Transcriptions and Textual Variants)
2937:
Hanson, R.S. (1964). "Palaeo-Heb. Scripts in the Hasmonean Age".
3836:
3517:
3487:
3454:
3417:
3006:(in Hebrew), vol. 2, Kiryat-Ono: Mekhon mishnat ha-Rambam,
3712:
3371:
2125:, vol. 2, Jerusalem 1971, s.v. Alphabet, Hebrew, pp. 688–689: "
1633:). This anomaly can be attributed to the fact that some of the
3861:
3856:
3851:
1789:
1749:
Likewise, in column no. three, the verse Lev. 24:10 is made a
364:
to have been given by Moses already in the "Assyrian script" (
4014:
The War of the Messiah/The Pierced Messiah Text (4Q285/11Q14)
3130:. Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, an affiliate of
1776:
in the new section. In these places and others, the solitary
264:(PAM), and again in 1970 under the auspices of the IAA, when
2864:, vol. 2, Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, Ltd., 1971
4019:
War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness (1QM)
2984:(in Hebrew). Vol. 29. Jerusalem: Beit Torah Shelemah.
2673:(model text) used by a few of the rabbis . However, in the
2225:
2223:
2221:
2144:
The Script of the Torah and its Characters -- The Torah in
2925:, vol. 3, New York: New York: Doubleday, p. 96,
2877:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
1800:
Paleo-Hebrew scroll vs. the parent text of the Septuagint
2625:(q.v. folio 62r), a 10th-century codex. The text of the
1772:
is written to also signify the first letter in the word
3210:(ed.). "Palaeo-Hebrew and Greek Biblical Manuscripts".
3047:(based on Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1980)
2478:
This rendering may have actually been a scribal error (
2461:
This rendering may have actually been a scribal error (
337:) evolved from the earlier Paleo-Hebrew script via the
2921:, ed. (1992), "Hebrew Scripts - Paleo-Hebrew Script",
2875:
A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
2252:
2250:
1726:) extending to the left margin, showing that it is an
3300:(Transcriptions of the paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll)
2694:
Translation from "Tanakh," p. 192. Philadelphia, 1985
2005:
See, for example, 4Q11, 4Q12, and 4Q22, described in
249:
in 1967, the museum assigned the Leviticus Scroll to
4382:
4186:
4130:
4027:
3746:
3680:
3649:
3593:
3552:
3536:
3473:
3405:
329:Although secular linguistic experts agree that the
94:
86:
78:
67:
59:
51:
21:
2499:appears in the elided-form, without the quiescent
173:, Istanbul, and the Phoenician inscription on the
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
1977:
1975:
260:The scroll was first photographed in 1956 by the
2897:The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll (11QpaleoLev)
2036:Based on a late 13th-century commentary on the
3842:4QInstruction (4Q415–418, 4Q418a, 4Q423, 1Q26)
3363:The Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
3342:The Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
1602:in Lev. 24:11 - all in column no. 3; the word
181:, dating to the fifth-fourth century BCE, the
3724:
3383:
2685:, and it is upon them that I rely.” END QUOTE
2115:
2113:
229:", about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of
134:, is an ancient text preserved in one of the
8:
3927:Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever
3230:(1997). "Some More Small "11Q1" Fragments".
3955:Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus scroll (11QpaleoLev)
2950:Kaltner, John; McKenzie, Steven L. (2002).
1996:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), pp. IX (Preface); 2
409:ink. Individual words are divided by dots.
22:11QpaleoLev (Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll)
3994:Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q400–407)
3897:The Book of Mysteries (1Q27 and 4Q299–301)
3731:
3717:
3709:
3390:
3376:
3368:
3188:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3109:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2406:: "they are corruptions / corrupt ones." (
397:surviving scroll, showing portions of the
197:in Jerusalem, is of no less importance to
169:, Jerusalem (8th century BCE), now in the
43:
27:
18:
2452:) appear at the start of the third line.
450:
3212:Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (DJD)
2096:
2094:
1850:
1839:List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 11
3181:
3102:
2244:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 4 (note 11)
2215:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 5 (note 14)
1808:, or parent text, used to produce the
3902:Community Rule (1QS, 4QS, 5Q11, 5Q13)
3284:(in Hebrew). Leiden: Brill. pp.
3149:"The Evolution of Two Hebrew Scripts"
2901:American Schools of Oriental Research
2707:' description of a Closed Section in
1948:Van de Water (2000), p. 431 (note 48)
436:A comparative study made between the
208:(IAA), but is not on public display.
7:
2852:Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls
4507:2nd-century BC biblical manuscripts
4502:1st-century BC biblical manuscripts
1741:
1717:
1622:
14:
4420:Discoveries in the Judaean Desert
2291:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), pp. 80–81
3099:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Izmir.
2588:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 115;
2259:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), pp. 5, 8
1566:), although the text is written
333:(i.e., the modern square Jewish
191:paleo-Hebrew sacerdotal blessing
4522:1956 archaeological discoveries
3989:The Seekers After Smooth Things
3979:Rule of the Congregation (1QSa)
3945:Nahum Commentary (4QpNah/4Q169)
3917:Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen ar)
3026:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly
2774:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 48;
2427:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 44).
2419:The 11QpaleoLev omits the word
2271:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 78;
1913:, vol. 2. Jerusalem 1971, s.v.
1895:, vol. 2. Jerusalem 1971, s.v.
1606:in Lev. 26:19 in column no. 5,
276:(formerly, 11Q1), purchased by
262:Palestine Archaeological Museum
225:clan, in what is now known as "
175:sarcophagus of King Eshmun-Azar
3196:Sir George Williams University
1822:(Lev. 25:31 and Lev. 23:23–24)
373:while others that it was not.
1:
3999:Songs of the Sage (4Q510–511)
3688:Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll
3115:(reprinted in Jerusalem 1969)
3035:Catholic Biblical Association
2790:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 48
1652:Partial translation of scroll
128:Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll
4467:Israel Antiquities Authority
3932:Habakkuk Commentary (1QpHab)
3867:11Q5 The Great Psalms Scroll
3347:Fragment of Leviticus Scroll
3166:Siegel, Jonathan P. (1984).
3147:Siegel, Jonathan P. (1979).
3000:(1985), "Hil. Sefer Torah",
2232:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 4
2203:; Mathews, K.A. (1985), p. 3
2027:Mathews, K.A. (1986), p. 171
255:Israel Antiquities Authority
206:Israel Antiquities Authority
193:discovered in 1979 near the
171:Museum of the Ancient Orient
3974:Rule of the Blessing (1QSb)
3354:(Click on image to enlarge)
3154:Biblical Archaeology Review
2552:6:5: "In three they write
2174:, ed. (1933), p. 784, s.v.
1788:, tentatively dated 100–25
442:plene and defective scripta
216:The discovery of the first
189:(ca. 950–918 BCE), and the
185:(ca. 6th-century BCE), the
4543:
4259:Florentino García Martínez
3206:; Sanderson, J.E. (1992).
3054:The Biblical Archaeologist
2495:In these verses, the word
1624:וכי ימוך אחיך ומטה ידו עמך
1556:in Leviticus 25:30 as the
1302:(omission of the particle
4374:José O'Callaghan Martínez
3887:Barkhi Nafshi (4Q434–438)
3124:The Torah U-Madda Journal
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
163:Royal Steward inscription
104:
82:circa 2nd–1st-century BCE
42:
26:
4472:Hebrew Bible manuscripts
4462:Ancient Israel and Judah
4279:Ernest-Marie Laperrousaz
4269:Gerald Lankester Harding
4168:Teacher of Righteousness
4009:Thanksgiving Hymns (1QH)
2895:; Mathews, K.A. (1985).
2344:(Modern Hebrew script) (
2154:(Jerusalem 1978), p. 1 (
2129:The talmudic tradition (
1957:Hanson (1964), pp. 26–42
1598:in Lev. 24:10, the word
3228:Tigchelaar, Eibert J.C.
3198:, Montreal, Quebec 1971
2923:Anchor Bible Dictionary
2866:, s.v. Alphabet, Hebrew
2831:Oxford University Press
1982:Tigchelaar, Eibert J.C.
1594:in Lev. 24:9, the word
1397:והלכתי אף אני עמכם בקרי
292:Qumran Cave 11 Entrance
235:the Great Psalms Scroll
3912:Damascus Document (CD)
2564:, but they read it as
1820:. In yet other places
893:או יבלת או גרב או ילפת
886:או ילפת או גרב או יבלת
343:Jewish religious sages
293:
4527:Archaeology of Israel
4254:Jean-Baptiste Humbert
4214:Sidnie White Crawford
4004:Temple Scroll (11Q19)
3611:High Priest of Israel
2861:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2279:(eds.) (2016), p. 110
2122:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2018:Kaltner (2002), p. 94
1910:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1892:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1874:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1834:Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
297:Historical background
291:
4477:Biblical manuscripts
4399:Aramaic Enoch Scroll
4339:Carsten Peter Thiede
4204:Joseph M. Baumgarten
3950:New Jerusalem Scroll
3937:Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa
3907:Copper Scroll (3Q15)
3837:4QDeuteronomy (4Q41)
3337:11Q1 – 11Q paleoLev
2778:, ed. (2010), p. 125
2645:(1881), p. 70, s.v.
2592:, ed. (2010), p. 134
2535:, ed. (2010), p. 134
2340:Five letters in the
1402:(major differences)
1390:והלכתי עמכמ בחמת קי
463:Masoretic Text (MT)
311:Samaritan Pentateuch
115:/explore-the-archive
63:100.5 cm. × 10.9 cm.
37:, photo: Shai Halevi
4319:Solomon H. Steckoll
4249:David Noel Freedman
4224:André Dupont-Sommer
3882:11Q18 New Jerusalem
3238:(2 (70)): 325–330.
3170:. Ann Arbor, Mich.
2762:(2004), pp. 145–147
2615:Damascus Pentateuch
1929:, ed. (1992), p. 96
453:
354:paleo-Hebrew script
315:Phoenician alphabet
152:Paleo-Hebrew script
4482:Hebrew manuscripts
4404:Shrine of the Book
4304:Lawrence Schiffman
4199:John Marco Allegro
3964:Horoscopes (4Q186)
3922:Genesis Commentary
3892:The Book of Giants
3132:Yeshiva University
2667:, as well as in a
2127:The Jewish Script.
2009:(2008), pp. 30–34.
1917:(p. 679, figure 4)
1899:(p. 679, figure 6)
1016:weʾiš hayyiśrĕʾēlî
452:Variant spellings
451:
294:
243:Rockefeller Museum
195:St Andrew's Church
4512:Book of Leviticus
4444:
4443:
4431:Muhammed edh-Dhib
4324:Hartmut Stegemann
4314:Patrick W. Skehan
4274:Yizhar Hirschfeld
4219:Frank Moore Cross
4178:Calendrical texts
3877:11Q13 Melchizedek
3847:4QMMT (4Q394–399)
3706:
3705:
3399:Book of Leviticus
3295:978-90-04-18038-3
3258:. Leiden: Brill.
2733:Babylonian Talmud
2617:, as well as the
2605:4445, now at the
2601:The 10th-century
2305:Babylonian Talmud
2070:Babylonian Talmud
2038:Babylonian Talmud
1823:
1550:
1549:
1529:
1505:
1481:
1457:
1433:
1409:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1361:
1337:
1313:
1289:
1265:
1241:
1217:
1193:
1169:
1145:
1121:
1097:
1073:
1049:
1025:
1001:
977:
953:
929:
905:
895:
888:
881:
857:
833:
809:
785:
761:
737:
713:
689:
665:
641:
617:
593:
569:
545:
521:
497:
473:
460:Leviticus Scroll
399:Book of Leviticus
378:Assyrian alphabet
358:Babylonian Talmud
125:
124:
4534:
4492:Dead Sea Scrolls
4299:James A. Sanders
3740:Dead Sea Scrolls
3733:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3672:Textual variants
3662:Leviticus Rabbah
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3358:Leviticus Scroll
3352:the Large Scroll
3325:
3299:
3283:
3269:
3247:
3223:
3193:
3187:
3179:
3162:
3143:
3120:Shapiro, Marc B.
3114:
3108:
3100:
3086:
3046:
3017:Hil. Sefer Torah
3014:
2993:
2973:
2946:
2933:
2914:
2899:. Philadelphia:
2888:
2865:
2855:
2843:
2808:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2715:Hil. Sefer Torah
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2640:
2634:
2603:Codex Orientales
2599:
2593:
2583:
2577:
2550:Tractate Soferim
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2514:
2508:
2493:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2434:
2428:
2417:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2335:
2329:
2319:Jerusalem Talmud
2315:Tractate Soferim
2301:Shapiro, Marc B.
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2185:
2169:
2163:
2117:
2108:
2101:Jerusalem Talmud
2098:
2089:
2067:
2061:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1915:Alphabet, Hebrew
1906:
1900:
1897:Alphabet, Hebrew
1888:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1821:
1810:Greek Septuagint
1745:
1721:
1626:
1527:
1503:
1479:
1455:
1431:
1407:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1359:
1335:
1311:
1287:
1263:
1239:
1215:
1191:
1167:
1143:
1119:
1095:
1071:
1047:
1023:
999:
975:
951:
927:
903:
898:(reverse order)
891:
884:
879:
855:
831:
807:
783:
759:
735:
711:
687:
663:
639:
615:
591:
567:
543:
519:
495:
471:
466:Transliteration
454:
382:Babylonian exile
339:Aramaic alphabet
218:Dead Sea scrolls
130:, known also as
121:
118:
116:
114:
112:
110:
108:
95:Present location
47:
31:
19:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4487:Hebrew alphabet
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4378:
4334:Eleazar Sukenik
4239:Joseph Fitzmyer
4229:Robert Eisenman
4209:John J. Collins
4194:Martin G. Abegg
4182:
4126:
4122:Wadi Murabba'at
4102:Qumran cemetery
4023:
3742:
3737:
3707:
3702:
3676:
3645:
3621:Jewish holidays
3589:
3548:
3532:
3469:
3401:
3396:
3333:
3328:
3306:Revue de Qumran
3303:
3296:
3272:
3266:
3250:
3232:Revue de Qumrân
3226:
3220:Clarendon Press
3201:
3180:
3165:
3146:
3118:
3101:
3089:
3067:10.2307/3210082
3050:
3022:
2996:
2976:
2962:
2949:
2936:
2917:
2911:
2891:
2885:
2869:
2858:
2848:de Vaux, Roland
2846:
2841:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2798:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2753:
2719:Jacob ben Asher
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2641:
2637:
2619:Vatican library
2611:Leningrad Codex
2607:British Library
2600:
2596:
2584:
2580:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2515:
2511:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2460:
2456:
2435:
2431:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2336:
2332:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2188:
2170:
2166:
2140:Torah Sheleimah
2118:
2111:
2099:
2092:
2068:
2064:
2055:Beit HaBechirah
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1967:de Vaux, Roland
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1907:
1903:
1889:
1885:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1830:
1802:
1668:(22) gather RD
1654:
1615:Leviticus 25:35
1581:
1569:
1555:
784:Lev. 21:7; 24:9
434:
423:Proto-Masoretic
394:
370:Ezra the Scribe
335:Hebrew alphabet
299:
214:
183:Lachish ostraca
109:.deadseascrolls
105:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4540:
4538:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4449:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4414:École Biblique
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Roland de Vaux
4356:
4351:
4349:John C. Trever
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:John Strugnell
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4309:Hershel Shanks
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4244:Peter W. Flint
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:Yahad Ostracon
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3969:Pseudo-Ezekiel
3966:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Guilt offering
3603:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3332:
3331:External links
3329:
3327:
3326:
3301:
3294:
3276:, ed. (2010).
3274:Ulrich, Eugene
3270:
3264:
3248:
3224:
3202:Skehan, P.W.;
3199:
3163:
3144:
3116:
3087:
3048:
3020:
2994:
2974:
2960:
2947:
2934:
2919:Freedman, D.N.
2915:
2909:
2893:Freedman, D.N.
2889:
2883:
2867:
2856:
2854:. Oxford: OUP.
2844:
2839:
2825:, ed. (1933),
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2799:Skehan, P.W.;
2792:
2788:Freedman, D.N.
2780:
2776:Ulrich, Eugene
2772:Freedman, D.N.
2764:
2751:
2696:
2687:
2683:Closed Section
2651:Closed Section
2635:
2594:
2590:Ulrich, Eugene
2586:Freedman, D.N.
2578:
2537:
2533:Ulrich, Eugene
2525:
2517:Freedman, D.N.
2509:
2488:
2471:
2454:
2429:
2425:Freedman, D.N.
2412:
2410:(1985), p. 41)
2408:Freedman, D.N.
2395:
2386:
2342:Ashurit script
2330:
2293:
2289:Freedman, D.N.
2281:
2269:Freedman, D.N.
2261:
2257:Freedman, D.N.
2246:
2242:Freedman, D.N.
2234:
2230:Freedman, D.N.
2217:
2213:Freedman, D.N.
2205:
2201:Freedman, D.N.
2186:
2164:
2136:Menahem Kasher
2109:
2090:
2062:
2049:), written by
2029:
2020:
2011:
1998:
1994:Freedman, D.N.
1986:
1984:(1997), p. 325
1971:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1931:
1927:Freedman, D.N.
1919:
1901:
1883:
1859:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1801:
1798:
1786:Book of Exodus
1751:Closed Section
1733:Closed Section
1706:, so that the
1699:Tikkun Soferim
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1653:
1650:
1630:Closed Section
1592:Tetragrammaton
1579:
1570:as the actual
1567:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1298:ונתתי את שמיכם
1295:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:Lev. 26:18, 21
1260:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:wayannîḥû ʾôtō
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
995:
988:
983:
978:
976:Lev. 23:24, 27
972:
971:
968:mašḥatām behem
964:
959:
954:
948:
947:
940:
935:
930:
924:
923:
916:
911:
906:
900:
899:
896:
889:
882:
876:
875:
868:
863:
858:
852:
851:
844:
839:
834:
828:
827:
820:
815:
810:
804:
803:
796:
791:
786:
780:
779:
772:
767:
762:
756:
755:
748:
743:
738:
732:
731:
724:
719:
714:
708:
707:
700:
695:
690:
684:
683:
676:
671:
666:
660:
659:
652:
647:
642:
640:Lev. 18:27, 30
636:
635:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
604:
599:
594:
588:
587:
580:
575:
570:
564:
563:
556:
551:
546:
540:
539:
532:
527:
522:
516:
515:
508:
503:
498:
492:
491:
484:
479:
474:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
438:Masoretic text
433:
430:
393:
390:
331:Ashurit script
298:
295:
231:Khirbet Qumran
227:Qumran Cave 11
213:
210:
187:Gezer calendar
123:
122:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
55:tanned leather
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4539:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Eugene Ulrich
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4294:Elisha Qimron
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Wicked Priest
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Dual messiahs
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4148:Carbon dating
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Samuel Scroll
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:Physiognomies
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Holiness code
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3265:90-04-14001-8
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2910:0-89757-007-3
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2884:9780802862419
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:0-19-815402-X
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2724:Arba'ah Turim
2720:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:Menahem Meiri
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1969:(1973), p. 57
1968:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:Lev. 23:22-29
1659:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:Menahem Meiri
1638:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:והאיש הישראלי
1003:
998:
997:
993:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
974:
973:
969:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
950:
949:
945:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
926:
925:
921:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
902:
901:
897:
894:
890:
887:
883:
878:
877:
873:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
854:
853:
849:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
830:
829:
825:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
806:
805:
801:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
782:
781:
777:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
758:
757:
753:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
734:
733:
729:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
710:
709:
705:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
686:
685:
681:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
662:
661:
657:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
638:
637:
633:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
614:
613:
609:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
590:
589:
585:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
566:
565:
561:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
542:
541:
537:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
518:
517:
513:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
494:
493:
489:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
470:
469:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:
449:
447:
446:Second Temple
443:
439:
431:
429:
426:
424:
420:
414:
410:
408:
402:
400:
391:
389:
385:
383:
379:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
324:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
290:
286:
284:
283:Qumran Cave 4
279:
275:
270:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
251:D.N. Freedman
248:
244:
240:
239:Temple Scroll
237:(11QPs), the
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
211:
209:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Torah scrolls
141:
137:
133:
129:
120:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
4457:Hebrew Bible
4436:Najib Albina
4418:
4409:Orion Center
4369:Yigael Yadin
4284:Jodi Magness
4040:Qumran Caves
3954:
3871:
3687:
3305:
3279:
3255:
3252:Tov, Emanuel
3235:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3167:
3158:
3152:
3127:
3123:
3096:Kiryat Sefer
3095:
3058:
3052:
3030:
3024:
3016:
3003:Mishne Torah
3002:
2981:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2922:
2896:
2874:
2871:Fitzmyer, J.
2860:
2851:
2826:
2815:Bibliography
2804:
2800:
2795:
2783:
2767:
2760:Tov, Emanuel
2754:
2746:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2710:Mishne Torah
2708:
2699:
2690:
2682:
2677:composed by
2674:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2627:Aleppo Codex
2602:
2597:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2540:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2474:
2466:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2420:
2415:
2403:
2398:
2389:
2337:
2333:
2322:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2276:
2264:
2237:
2208:
2175:
2167:
2143:
2142:, vol. 29 -
2139:
2126:
2120:
2104:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2007:Fitzmyer, J.
2001:
1989:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1934:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1881:priesthood."
1872:
1862:
1853:
1814:beḥamat ḳerī
1813:
1803:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:Open Section
1765:
1761:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1731:
1728:Open Section
1727:
1723:
1718:
1709:Open section
1707:
1697:
1695:
1660:
1655:
1646:Kiryat Sefer
1645:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1436:
1423:
1417:
1412:
1396:
1389:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1015:
1010:ואיש הישראלי
1009:
1004:
991:
985:
980:
967:
961:
956:
943:
937:
932:
919:
913:
908:
892:
885:
871:
865:
860:
847:
841:
836:
823:
817:
812:
799:
793:
788:
775:
769:
764:
751:
745:
740:
727:
721:
716:
703:
697:
692:
679:
673:
668:
655:
649:
644:
631:
625:
620:
607:
601:
596:
583:
577:
572:
559:
553:
548:
535:
529:
524:
511:
505:
500:
487:
481:
476:
435:
427:
418:
415:
411:
403:
395:
386:
375:
351:
328:
321:
319:
303:paleo-Hebrew
300:
278:Georges Roux
273:
271:
259:
230:
215:
203:
199:palaeography
160:
131:
127:
126:
72:Paleo-Hebrew
4364:Géza Vermes
4344:Emanuel Tov
4289:Józef Milik
4264:Norman Golb
4234:Hanan Eshel
4107:Ein Feshkha
3872:11QpaleoLev
3681:Manuscripts
3544:Mount Sinai
3508:Acharei Mot
3208:Emanuel Tov
3134:: 187–242.
3037:: 171–207.
2827:The Mishnah
2729:Yoreh De'ah
2546:Kethib-Qere
2480:haplography
2463:haplography
2119:Citing the
2053:, entitled
1293:ונתתי שמיכמ
1280:ḥaṭṭoʾtêkem
432:Orthography
392:Description
366:Ktav Ashuri
247:Six-Day War
146:during pre-
142:in writing
132:11QpaleoLev
4451:Categories
4426:Mar Samuel
3641:Tabernacle
3528:Bechukotai
3218:. Oxford:
3204:Ulrich, E.
2998:Maimonides
2978:Kasher, M.
2970:1170351292
2961:1589830350
2829:, Oxford:
2805:inter alia
2717:8:2). Cf.
2705:Maimonides
2679:Maimonides
2631:Maimonides
2393:Fragment H
2273:Ulrich, E.
1845:References
1762:Fragment J
1743:פרשה סתומה
1719:פרשה פתוחה
1648:.
1544:hannôtārōt
1528:Lev. 27:18
1504:Lev. 27:15
1480:Lev. 27:14
1456:Lev. 27:13
1448:yigʾālennû
1432:Lev. 27:13
1408:Lev. 26:25
1384:Lev. 26:24
1376:wĕhîšlaḥtî
1360:Lev. 26:22
1336:Lev. 26:21
1312:Lev. 26:19
1288:Lev. 26:19
1216:Lev. 25:34
1208:ʾaḥuzzatām
1192:Lev. 25:32
1184:laṣṣĕmîtût
1168:Lev. 25:30
1144:Lev. 25:30
1120:Lev. 25:30
1096:Lev. 25:30
1072:Lev. 25:28
1048:Lev. 24:14
1029:ויניחו אתו
1024:Lev. 24:12
1000:Lev. 24:10
952:Lev. 22:25
928:Lev. 22:23
904:Lev. 22:22
880:Lev. 22:22
856:Lev. 21:11
832:Lev. 21:11
808:Lev. 21:10
728:šabbĕtōtay
688:Lev. 18:29
680:hattôʿēbôt
664:Lev. 18:29
656:hattôʿēbōt
645:הת(ו)]עבות
520:Lev. 13:39
472:Lev. 11:31
307:Samaritans
274:Fragment L
140:Israelites
87:Discovered
74:characters
4143:Sadducees
3406:Leviticus
3314:0035-1725
3222:: 53–130.
3184:cite book
3176:634620432
3105:cite book
3083:163697066
2931:681961851
2823:Danby, H.
2703:Based on
2623:Urb.ebr.2
2556:, with a
2380: ,
2376: ,
2372: ,
2368: ,
2360: ,
2356: ,
2352: ,
2348: ,
2317:6:4 (cf.
2172:Danby, H.
2086:Sanhedrin
2043:Sanhedrin
1869:Hasmonean
1704:Masoretes
1671:your God.
1584:Masoretes
1424:wĕhēbēʾtî
1328:kannĕḥušâ
1240:Lev. 26:5
992:haššĕbîʿî
962:משחתם בהם
957:משחתימ המ
760:Lev. 21:6
736:Lev. 20:4
712:Lev. 19:3
616:Lev. 13:4
608:wehebîʾūm
592:Lev. 17:5
568:Lev. 17:5
544:Lev. 17:2
496:Lev. 13:4
407:lampblack
309:, in the
223:Ta'amireh
212:Discovery
156:Leviticus
119:/B-295277
4187:Scholars
3650:Analysis
3513:Kedoshim
3475:Parashah
3322:24663113
3254:(2004).
3244:24609075
3140:40914883
3093:(1881).
3043:43717168
3012:19158717
2990:66267807
2980:(1978).
2945:: 26–42.
2873:(2008).
2850:(1973).
2731:275:2);
2613:and the
2310:Ketubbot
2160:66267807
2105:Megillah
2074:Megillah
1879:Zadokite
1828:See also
1533:ה]נתרות]
1472:ḥămîšītô
1136:ʾašer lō
1088:bayyōbēl
824:mēʾeḥāyw
776:maqrîbīm
584:zibḥêhem
266:infrared
52:Material
4138:Essenes
4117:Secacah
3940:,1QIsa)
3626:Jubilee
3575:Ithamar
3570:Eleazar
3503:Metzora
3493:Shemini
3483:Vayikra
3075:3210082
3015:, s.v.
2747:והאידנא
2745:, s.v.
2743:Tosafot
2738:Menahot
2659:setumah
2324:Ta'anit
2313:106a);
2180:4:5-6,
2177:Yadayim
2152:Scripts
2138:in his
2082:Zevahim
2078:Shabbat
1806:vorlage
1764:), the
1644:in his
1520:ḥămîšît
1461:חמישיתו
1413:והביאתי
1370:והשלחתי
1274:חטאתיכם
1173:לצמיתות
1034:ויניחהו
920:taqrîbû
765:מקריבימ
752:yaʿlimû
704:hāʿōśōt
674:התועבות
632:marʾehā
597:והביאומ
573:זב]היהמ
560:ʾălēhem
536:lĕbānōt
512:marʾehā
488:bĕmōtam
457:Source
257:(IAA).
79:Created
68:Writing
4517:Qumran
4158:Pesher
4131:Issues
4112:Kohlit
4045:cave 1
4035:Qumran
4028:Places
3636:Shmita
3616:Israel
3601:Azazel
3553:People
3537:Places
3498:Tazria
3320:
3312:
3292:
3288:–137.
3262:
3242:
3174:
3138:
3081:
3073:
3041:
3010:
2988:
2968:
2958:
2929:
2907:
2881:
2837:
2801:et al.
2675:Tikkun
2670:Tikkun
2664:Geonim
2655:Hebrew
2647:פרשה ה
2448:, and
2404:mašḥît
2277:et al.
2182:note 6
2158:
2150:Ashuri
2080:104a;
2059:et al.
1738:Hebrew
1714:Hebrew
1636:Geonim
1619:Hebrew
1608:et al.
1538:הנותרת
1514:חמישית
1496:yaqdīš
1466:חמישתו
1442:יגאלנה
1437:יגאלנו
1418:והבאתי
1365:ושלחתי
1269:חטתיכמ
1232:migraš
1178:לצמיתת
1130:אשר לא
1112:mĕlōʾt
986:השביעי
944:taʿăśû
914:תקריבו
848:napšōt
770:מקריבם
746:יעלימו
717:שבתותי
669:התעבות
650:התועבת
602:והביאם
578:זבחיהם
525:לב]נות
425:text.
419:et al.
349:was.
323:Urtext
167:Siloam
148:exilic
136:Qumran
117:/image
4497:Torah
4383:Other
3832:4Q542
3827:4Q521
3822:4Q448
3817:4Q252
3812:4Q246
3807:4Q240
3802:4Q175
3798:4Q166
3794:4Q127
3789:4Q126
3784:4Q122
3779:4Q121
3774:4Q120
3769:4Q119
3764:4Q108
3759:4Q107
3754:4Q106
3747:Texts
3698:4Q120
3693:4Q119
3667:Sifra
3631:Orlah
3594:Terms
3585:Nadab
3580:Moses
3565:Abihu
3560:Aaron
3523:Behar
3465:26–27
3455:21–24
3433:14–15
3428:12–13
3318:JSTOR
3240:JSTOR
3136:JSTOR
3091:Meiri
3079:S2CID
3071:JSTOR
3039:JSTOR
3033:(2).
2939:BASOR
2741:32a,
2643:Meiri
2566:lamed
2562:ʾalef
2558:lamed
2505:ʾalef
2501:ʾalef
2467:אחוזה
2338:NOTE:
2131:Sanh.
2084:62a;
1774:וידבר
1724:vacat
1604:ארצכם
1596:ישראל
1572:ketiv
1509:חמשית
1485:יקדיש
1352:tōʾbû
1322:כנחשה
1256:ʾôyēb
1202:אחזתם
1101:מלאות
1077:ביובל
1064:hôṣēʾ
1053:הציאו
981:השבעי
909:תקרבו
872:yābōʾ
837:נפשות
818:מאחיו
800:qādōš
741:יעלמו
722:שבתתי
693:העשות
621:מראיה
554:אליהם
501:מראיה
477:במותמ
362:Torah
347:Torah
179:Sidon
165:from
4394:ASOR
4390:AIAR
3518:Emor
3488:Tzav
3423:9–11
3310:ISSN
3290:ISBN
3260:ISBN
3190:link
3172:OCLC
3161:(3).
3111:link
3008:OCLC
2986:OCLC
2966:OCLC
2956:ISBN
2927:OCLC
2905:ISBN
2879:ISBN
2835:ISBN
2621:'s
2497:חטאת
2484:מגרש
2156:OCLC
2148:and
2146:Ivri
2107:10a)
2088:22a)
2076:2b;
1576:כתיב
1559:ḳeri
1490:יקדש
1346:תאבו
1317:כנחה
1250:אויב
1226:מגרש
1197:אזתמ
1160:ḥōmâ
1149:חומה
1106:מלאת
1082:ביבל
1058:הוצא
938:תעשה
933:תעשו
861:יבוא
842:נפשת
813:מאחו
789:קדוש
698:העשת
626:מראה
549:אלהמ
530:לבנת
506:מראה
482:במתם
301:The
111:.org
90:1956
60:Size
3862:7Q5
3857:7Q1
3852:6Q6
3450:–20
3418:6–8
3413:1–5
3286:112
3063:doi
3019:8:5
2943:175
2570:waw
2521:ḥet
2446:mem
2442:waw
2438:ḥet
2421:אשר
2047:21b
1790:BCE
1782:waw
1778:waw
1770:waw
1757:waw
1564:קרי
1341:תבו
1245:איב
1221:מגש
1154:חמה
866:יבא
794:קדש
317:).
177:at
113:.il
107:www
99:IAA
35:IAA
4453::
4095:11
4090:10
3460:25
3447:19
3442:18
3438:16
3316:.
3236:18
3234:.
3214:.
3186:}}
3182:{{
3157:.
3151:.
3126:.
3107:}}
3103:{{
3077:.
3069:.
3059:50
3057:.
3031:48
3029:.
2964:.
2941:.
2903:.
2833:,
2749:).
2721:,
2657::
2574:לו
2568:-
2560:-
2554:לא
2450:he
2444:,
2321:,
2275:;
2249:^
2220:^
2189:^
2162:).
2112:^
2093:^
2057:,
1974:^
1818:MT
1792:.
1740::
1716::
1621::
1610:)
1600:אל
1580:לו
1568:לא
1554:לו
1546:)
1522:)
1498:)
1474:)
1450:)
1426:)
1378:)
1354:)
1330:)
1306:)
1304:et
1282:)
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1138:)
1125:לו
1114:)
1090:)
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802:)
778:)
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326:.
285:.
4392:/
4085:9
4080:8
4075:7
4070:6
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4050:2
3962:/
3732:e
3725:t
3718:v
3440:–
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3298:.
3268:.
3246:.
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3065::
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2887:.
2807:.
2735:(
2727:(
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2523:.
2507:.
2486:.
2469:.
2382:ם
2378:ן
2374:ץ
2370:ף
2366:ך
2362:מ
2358:נ
2354:צ
2350:פ
2346:כ
2307:(
2184:)
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